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/*
* Copyright (c) 2002 Bruce M. Simpson
* Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are freely
* permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this
* paragraph and the following disclaimer are duplicated in all
* such forms.
*
* This software is provided "AS IS" and without any express or
* implied warranties, including, without limitation, the implied
* warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
* purpose.
*
* $FreeBSD$
*/
/* A 512-byte boot manager. */
#ifdef SIO
/* ... using a serial console on COM1. */
#endif /* SIO */
.set NHRDRV,0x475 # Number of hard drives
.set ORIGIN,0x600 # Execution address
.set FAKE,0x800 # Partition entry
.set LOAD,0x7c00 # Load address
.set PRT_OFF,0x1be # Partition table
.set TBL0SZ,0x3 # Table 0 size
.set TBL1SZ,0xb # Table 1 size
.set MAGIC,0xaa55 # Magic: bootable
.set B0MAGIC,0xbb66 # Identification
.set KEY_ENTER,0x1c # Enter key scan code
.set KEY_F1,0x3b # F1 key scan code
.set KEY_1,0x02 # #1 key scan code
.set ASCII_BEL,0x07 # ASCII code for <BEL>
.set ASCII_CR,0x0D # ASCII code for <CR>
/*
* Addresses in the sector of embedded data values.
* Accessed with negative offsets from the end of the relocated sector (%ebp).
*/
.set _NXTDRV,-0x48 # Next drive
.set _OPT,-0x47 # Default option
.set _SETDRV,-0x46 # Drive to force
.set _FLAGS,-0x45 # Flags
.set _TICKS,-0x44 # Timeout ticks
.set _FAKE,0x0 # Fake partition entry
.set _MNUOPT,0xc # Menu options
.globl start # Entry point
.code16 # This runs in real mode
/*
* Initialise segments and registers to known values.
* segments start at 0.
* The stack is immediately below the address we were loaded to.
*/
start: cld # String ops inc
xorw %ax,%ax # Zero
movw %ax,%es # Address
movw %ax,%ds # data
movw %ax,%ss # Set up
movw $LOAD,%sp # stack
/*
* Copy this code to the address it was linked for
*/
movw %sp,%si # Source
movw $start,%di # Destination
movw $0x100,%cx # Word count
rep # Relocate
movsw # code
/*
* Set address for variable space beyond code, and clear it.
* Notice that this is also used to point to the values embedded in the block,
* by using negative offsets.
*/
movw %di,%bp # Address variables
movb $0x8,%cl # Words to clear
rep # Zero
stosw # them
/*
* Relocate to the new copy of the code.
*/
incb -0xe(%di) # Sector number
jmp main-LOAD+ORIGIN # To relocated code
main:
#ifdef SIO
/*
* Initialize the serial port. bioscom preserves the driver number in DX.
*/
movw COMSPEED,%ax # defined by Makefile
callw bioscom
#endif /* SIO */
/*
* Check what flags were loaded with us, specifically, Use a predefined Drive.
* If what the bios gives us is bad, use the '0' in the block instead, as well.
*/
testb $0x20,_FLAGS(%bp) # Set number drive?
jnz main.1 # Yes
testb %dl,%dl # Drive number valid?
js main.2 # Possibly (0x80 set)
main.1: movb _SETDRV(%bp),%dl # Drive number to use
/*
* Whatever we decided to use, now store it into the fake
* partition entry that lives in the data space above us.
*/
main.2: movb %dl,_FAKE(%bp) # Save drive number
callw putn # To new line
pushw %dx # Save drive number
/*
* Start out with a pointer to the 4th byte of the first table entry
* so that after 4 iterations it's beyond the end of the sector.
* and beyond a 256 byte boundary and has overflowed 8 bits (see next comment).
* (remember that the table starts 2 bytes earlier than you would expect
* as the bootable flag is after it in the block)
*/
movw $(partbl+0x4),%bx # Partition table (+4)
xorw %dx,%dx # Item number
/*
* Loop around on the partition table, printing values until we
* pass a 256 byte boundary. The end of loop test is at main.5.
*/
main.3: movb %ch,-0x4(%bx) # Zero active flag (ch == 0)
btw %dx,_FLAGS(%bp) # Entry enabled?
jnc main.5 # No
/*
* If any of the entries in the table are
* the same as the 'type' in the slice table entry,
* then this is an empty or non bootable partition. Skip it.
*/
movb (%bx),%al # Load type
movw $tables,%di # Lookup tables
movb $TBL0SZ,%cl # Number of entries
repne # Exclude
scasb # partition?
je main.5 # Yes
/*
* Now scan the table of known types
*/
movb $TBL1SZ,%cl # Number of entries
repne # Known
scasb # type?
jne main.4 # No
/*
* If it matches get the matching element in the
* next array. if it doesn't, we are already
* pointing at its first element which points to a "?".
*/
addw $TBL1SZ,%di # Adjust
main.4: movb (%di),%cl # Partition
addw %cx,%di # description
callw putx # Display it
main.5: incw %dx # Next item
addb $0x10,%bl # Next entry
jnc main.3 # Till done
/*
* Passed a 256 byte boundary..
* table is finished.
* Add one to the drive number and check it is valid,
*/
popw %ax # Drive number
subb $0x80-0x1,%al # Does next
cmpb NHRDRV,%al # drive exist? (from BIOS?)
jb main.6 # Yes
/*
* If not then if there is only one drive,
* Don't display drive as an option.
*/
decw %ax # Already drive 0?
jz main.7 # Yes
/*
* If it was illegal or we cycled through them,
* then go back to drive 0.
*/
xorb %al,%al # Drive 0
/*
* Whatever drive we selected, make it an ascii digit and save it back
* to the "next drive" location in the loaded block in case we
* want to save it for next time.
* This also is part of the printed drive string so add 0x80 to indicate
* end of string.
*/
main.6: addb $'0'|0x80,%al # Save next
movb %al,_NXTDRV(%bp) # drive number
movw $drive,%di # Display
callw putx # item
/*
* Now that we've printed the drive (if we needed to), display a prompt.
*/
main.7: movw $prompt,%si # Display
callw putstr # prompt
movb _OPT(%bp),%dl # Display
decw %si # default
callw putkey # key
/*
* Start of input loop. Beep and take note of time
*/
main.10: movb $ASCII_BEL,%al # Signal
callw putchr # beep!
xorb %ah,%ah # BIOS: Get
int $0x1a # system time
movw %dx,%di # Ticks when
addw _TICKS(%bp),%di # timeout
/*
* Busy loop, looking for keystrokes but
* keeping one eye on the time.
*/
main.8:
#ifndef SIO
movb $0x1,%ah # BIOS: Check
int $0x16 # for keypress
jnz main.11 # Have one
#else /* SIO */
movb $0x03,%ah # BIOS: Read COM
call bioscom
testb $0x01,%ah # Check line status
jnz main.11 # (bit 1 indicates input)
#endif /* SIO */
xorb %ah,%ah # BIOS: Get
int $0x1a # system time
cmpw %di,%dx # Timeout?
jb main.8 # No
/*
* If timed out or defaulting, come here.
*/
main.9: movb _OPT(%bp),%al # Load default
jmp main.12 # Join common code
/*
* Get the keystroke.
*/
main.11:
#ifndef SIO
xorb %ah,%ah # BIOS: Get
int $0x16 # keypress
movb %ah,%al # Scan code
#else /* SIO */
movb $0x02,%ah # BIOS: Receive
call bioscom
#endif /* SIO */
/*
* If it's CR act as if timed out.
*/
#ifndef SIO
cmpb $KEY_ENTER,%al # Enter pressed?
#else /* SIO */
cmpb $ASCII_CR,%al # Enter pressed?
#endif /* SIO */
je main.9 # Yes
/*
* Otherwise check if legal
* If not ask again.
*/
#ifndef SIO
subb $KEY_F1,%al # Less F1 scan code
cmpb $0x4,%al # F1..F5?
jna main.12 # Yes
subb $(KEY_1 - KEY_F1),%al # Less #1 scan code
#else /* SIO */
subb $'1',%al # Less '1' ascii character
#endif /* SIO */
cmpb $0x4,%al # #1..#5?
ja main.10 # No
/*
* We have a selection.
* but if it's a bad selection go back to complain.
* The bits in MNUOPT were set when the options were printed.
* Anything not printed is not an option.
*/
main.12: cbtw # Option
btw %ax,_MNUOPT(%bp) # enabled?
jnc main.10 # No
/*
* Save the info in the original tables
* for rewriting to the disk.
*/
movb %al,_OPT(%bp) # Save option
movw $FAKE,%si # Partition for write
movb (%si),%dl # Drive number
movw %si,%bx # Partition for read
cmpb $0x4,%al # F5/#5 pressed?
pushf # Save
je main.13 # Yes
shlb $0x4,%al # Point to
addw $partbl,%ax # selected
xchgw %bx,%ax # partition
movb $0x80,(%bx) # Flag active
/*
* If not asked to do a write-back (flags 0x40) don't do one.
*/
main.13: pushw %bx # Save
testb $0x40,_FLAGS(%bp) # No updates?
jnz main.14 # Yes
movw $start,%bx # Data to write
movb $0x3,%ah # Write sector
callw intx13 # to disk
main.14: popw %si # Restore
popf # Restore
/*
* If going to next drive, replace drive with selected one.
* Remember to un-ascii it. Hey 0x80 is already set, cool!
*/
jne main.15 # If not F5/#5
movb _NXTDRV(%bp),%dl # Next drive
subb $'0',%dl # number
/*
* load selected bootsector to the LOAD location in RAM.
* If it fails to read or isn't marked bootable, treat it
* as a bad selection.
* XXX what does %si carry?
*/
main.15: movw $LOAD,%bx # Address for read
movb $0x2,%ah # Read sector
callw intx13 # from disk
jc main.10 # If error
cmpw $MAGIC,0x1fe(%bx) # Bootable?
jne main.10 # No
pushw %si # Save
movw $crlf,%si # Leave some
callw puts # space
popw %si # Restore
jmp *%bx # Invoke bootstrap
/*
* Display routines
*/
putkey:
#ifndef SIO
movb $'F',%al # Display
callw putchr # 'F'
#endif /* SIO */
movb $'1',%al # Prepare
addb %dl,%al # digit
jmp putstr.1 # Display the rest
/*
* Display the option and note that it is a valid option.
* That last point is a bit tricky..
*/
putx: btsw %dx,_MNUOPT(%bp) # Enable menu option
movw $item,%si # Display
callw putkey # key
movw %di,%si # Display the rest
puts: callw putstr # Display string
putn: movw $crlf,%si # To next line
putstr: lodsb # Get byte
testb $0x80,%al # End of string?
jnz putstr.2 # Yes
putstr.1: callw putchr # Display char
jmp putstr # Continue
putstr.2: andb $~0x80,%al # Clear MSB
#ifndef SIO
putchr:
pushw %bx # Save
movw $0x7,%bx # Page:attribute
movb $0xe,%ah # BIOS: Display
int $0x10 # character
popw %bx # Restore
retw # To caller
#else /* SIO */
putchr:
movb $0x01,%ah # BIOS: Send
bioscom:
pushw %dx # Save
xorw %dx,%dx # Use COM1
int $0x14 # Character
popw %dx # Restore
retw # To caller
#endif /* SIO */
/* One-sector disk I/O routine */
intx13: movb 0x1(%si),%dh # Load head
movw 0x2(%si),%cx # Load cylinder:sector
movb $0x1,%al # Sector count
pushw %si # Save
movw %sp,%di # Save
testb $0x80,_FLAGS(%bp) # Use packet interface?
jz intx13.1 # No
pushl $0x0 # Set the
pushl 0x8(%si) # LBA address
pushw %es # Set the transfer
pushw %bx # buffer address
push $0x1 # Block count
push $0x10 # Packet size
movw %sp,%si # Packet pointer
decw %ax # Verify off
orb $0x40,%ah # Use disk packet
intx13.1: int $0x13 # BIOS: Disk I/O
movw %di,%sp # Restore
popw %si # Restore
retw # To caller
/* Menu strings */
item: .ascii " "; .byte ' '|0x80
prompt: .ascii "\nDefault:"; .byte ' '|0x80
crlf: .ascii "\r"; .byte '\n'|0x80
/* Partition type tables */
tables:
/*
* These entries identify invalid or NON BOOT types and partitions.
*/
.byte 0x0, 0x5, 0xf
/*
* These values indicate bootable types we know the names of
*/
.byte 0x1, 0x4, 0x6, 0xb, 0xc, 0xe, 0x83
.byte 0x9f, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa9
/*
* These are offsets that match the known names above and point to the strings
* that will be printed.
*/
.byte os_misc-. # Unknown
.byte os_dos-. # DOS
.byte os_dos-. # DOS
.byte os_dos-. # DOS
.byte os_dos-. # Windows
.byte os_dos-. # Windows
.byte os_dos-. # Windows
.byte os_linux-. # Linux
.byte os_bsd-. # BSD/OS
.byte os_freebsd-. # FreeBSD
.byte os_bsd-. # OpenBSD
.byte os_bsd-. # NetBSD
/*
* And here are the strings themselves. 0x80 or'd into a byte indicates
* the end of the string. (not so great for Russians but...)
*/
os_misc: .ascii "?"; .byte '?'|0x80
os_dos: .ascii "DO"; .byte 'S'|0x80
os_linux: .ascii "Linu"; .byte 'x'|0x80
os_freebsd: .ascii "Free"
os_bsd: .ascii "BS"; .byte 'D'|0x80
.org PRT_OFF-0xe,0x90
.word B0MAGIC # Magic number
/*
* These values are sometimes changed before writing back to the drive
* Be especially careful that nxtdrv: must come after drive:, as it
* is part of the same string.
*/
drive: .ascii "Drive "
nxtdrv: .byte 0x0 # Next drive number
opt: .byte 0x0 # Option
setdrv: .byte 0x80 # Drive to force
flags: .byte FLAGS # Flags
ticks: .word TICKS # Delay
/*
* here is the 64 byte partition table that fdisk would fiddle with.
*/
partbl: .fill 0x40,0x1,0x0 # Partition table
.word MAGIC # Magic number
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