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.\" Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
.\" the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
.\" distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
.\" OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
.\" DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
.\" GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
.\" IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
.\" OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
.\" IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd December 8, 2007
.Dt NEWFS_MSDOS 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm newfs_msdos
.Nd construct a new MS-DOS (FAT) file system
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl N
.Op Fl B Ar boot
.Op Fl F Ar FAT-type
.Op Fl I Ar volid
.Op Fl L Ar label
.Op Fl O Ar OEM
.Op Fl S Ar sector-size
.Op Fl a Ar FAT-size
.Op Fl b Ar block-size
.Op Fl c Ar cluster-size
.Op Fl e Ar dirents
.Op Fl f Ar format
.Op Fl h Ar heads
.Op Fl i Ar info
.Op Fl k Ar backup
.Op Fl m Ar media
.Op Fl n Ar FATs
.Op Fl o Ar hidden
.Op Fl r Ar reserved
.Op Fl s Ar total
.Op Fl u Ar track-size
.Ar special
.Op Ar disktype
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility creates a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system on device
.Ar special ,
using
.Xr disktab 5
entry
.Ar disktype
to determine geometry, if required.
.Pp
The options are as follow:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl N
Do not create a file system: just print out parameters.
.It Fl B Ar boot
Get bootstrap from file.
.It Fl F Ar FAT-type
FAT type (one of 12, 16, or 32).
.It Fl I Ar volid
Volume ID.
.It Fl L Ar label
Volume label (up to 11 characters).
The label should consist of
only those characters permitted in regular DOS (8+3) filenames.
.It Fl O Ar OEM
OEM string (up to 8 characters).
The default is
.Qq Li "BSD 4.4" .
.It Fl S Ar sector-size
Number of bytes per sector.
Acceptable values are powers of 2
in the range 128 through 32768.
.It Fl a Ar FAT-size
Number of sectors per FAT.
.It Fl b Ar block-size
File system block size (bytes per cluster).
This should resolve to an
acceptable number of sectors per cluster (see below).
.It Fl c Ar cluster-size
Sectors per cluster.
Acceptable values are powers of 2 in the range
1 through 128.
.It Fl e Ar dirents
Number of root directory entries (FAT12 and FAT16 only).
.It Fl f Ar format
Specify a standard (floppy disk) format.
The standard formats
are (capacities in kilobytes): 160, 180, 320, 360, 640, 720, 1200,
1232, 1440, 2880.
.It Fl h Ar heads
Number of drive heads.
.It Fl i Ar info
Location of the file system info sector (FAT32 only).
A value of 0xffff signifies no info sector.
.It Fl k Ar backup
Location of the backup boot sector (FAT32 only).
A value
of 0xffff signifies no backup sector.
.It Fl m Ar media
Media descriptor (acceptable range 0xf0 to 0xff).
.It Fl n Ar FATs
Number of FATs.
Acceptable values are 1 to 16 inclusive.
The default
is 2.
.It Fl o Ar hidden
Number of hidden sectors.
.It Fl r Ar reserved
Number of reserved sectors.
.It Fl s Ar total
File system size.
.It Fl u Ar track-size
Number of sectors per track.
.El
.Sh NOTES
FAT file system parameters occupy a "Boot Sector BPB (BIOS Parameter
Block)" in the first of the "reserved" sectors which precede the actual
file system.
For reference purposes, this structure is presented
below.
.Bd -literal
struct bsbpb {
u_int16_t bps; /* [-S] bytes per sector */
u_int8_t spc; /* [-c] sectors per cluster */
u_int16_t res; /* [-r] reserved sectors */
u_int8_t nft; /* [-n] number of FATs */
u_int16_t rde; /* [-e] root directory entries */
u_int16_t sec; /* [-s] total sectors */
u_int8_t mid; /* [-m] media descriptor */
u_int16_t spf; /* [-a] sectors per FAT */
u_int16_t spt; /* [-u] sectors per track */
u_int16_t hds; /* [-h] drive heads */
u_int32_t hid; /* [-o] hidden sectors */
u_int32_t bsec; /* [-s] big total sectors */
};
/* FAT32 extensions */
struct bsxbpb {
u_int32_t bspf; /* [-a] big sectors per FAT */
u_int16_t xflg; /* control flags */
u_int16_t vers; /* file system version */
u_int32_t rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */
u_int16_t infs; /* [-i] file system info sector */
u_int16_t bkbs; /* [-k] backup boot sector */
};
.Ed
.Sh LIMITATION
The maximum file size is 4GB, even if the file system itself is bigger.
.Sh EXIT STATUS
Exit status is 0 on success and 1 on error.
.Sh EXAMPLES
.Bd -literal -offset indent
newfs_msdos /dev/ad0s1
.Ed
.Pp
Create a file system, using default parameters, on
.Pa /dev/ad0s1 .
.Bd -literal -offset indent
newfs_msdos -f 1440 -L foo fd0
.Ed
.Pp
Create a standard 1.44M file system, with volume label
.Ar foo ,
on
.Pa /dev/fd0 .
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr disktab 5 ,
.Xr disklabel 8 ,
.Xr fdisk 8 ,
.Xr newfs 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
utility first appeared in
.Fx 3.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Robert Nordier Aq rnordier@FreeBSD.org .
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