path: root/sbin/geom/class/mirror/gmirror.8

.\" Copyright (c) 2004 Pawel Jakub Dawidek <pjd@FreeBSD.org>
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.Dd July 9, 2004
.Dt GMIRROR 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm gmirror
.Nd "control utility for mirrored devices"
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Cm label
.Op Fl hnv
.Op Fl b Ar balance
.Op Fl s Ar slice
.Ar name
.Ar prov ...
.Nm
.Cm clear
.Op Fl v
.Ar prov ...
.Nm
.Cm configure
.Op Fl adhnv
.Op Fl b Ar balance
.Op Fl s Ar slice
.Ar name
.Nm
.Cm rebuild
.Op Fl v
.Ar name
.Ar prov ...
.Nm
.Cm insert
.Op Fl hiv
.Op Fl p Ar priority
.Ar name
.Ar prov ...
.Nm
.Cm remove
.Op Fl v
.Ar name
.Ar prov ...
.Nm
.Cm activate
.Op Fl v
.Ar name
.Ar prov ...
.Nm
.Cm deactivate
.Op Fl v
.Ar name
.Ar prov ...
.Nm
.Cm forget
.Op Fl v
.Ar name ...
.Nm
.Cm stop
.Op Fl fv
.Ar name ...
.Nm
.Cm list
.Op Ar name ...
.Nm
.Cm load
.Op Fl v
.Nm
.Cm unload
.Op Fl v
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility is used for mirrors (RAID1) configuration.
After a mirror's creation, all components are detected and configured
automatically.
All operations like failure detection, stale component detection, rebuild
of stale components, etc.\& are also done automatically.
The
.Nm
utility uses on-disk metadata (stored in the provider's last sector) to store all needed
information.
Since the last sector is used for this purpose, it is possible to place a root
file system on a mirror.
.Pp
The first argument to
.Nm
indicates an action to be performed:
.Bl -tag -width ".Cm deactivate"
.It Cm label
Create a mirror.
The order of components is important, because a component's priority is based on its position
(starting from 0).
The component with the biggest priority is used by prefer balance algorithm
and is also used as a master component when resynchronization is needed,
e.g.\& after a power failure when the device was open for writing.
.Pp
Additional options include:
.Bl -tag -width ".Fl b Ar balance"
.It Fl b Ar balance
Specifies balance algorithm to use, one of:
.Bl -tag -width ".Cm round-robin"
.It Cm load
Read from the component with the lowest load.
.It Cm prefer
Read from the component with the biggest priority.
.It Cm round-robin
Use round-robin algorithm when choosing component to read.
.It Cm split
Split read requests, which are bigger than or equal to slice size on N pieces,
where N is the number of active components.
.El
.It Fl h
Hardcode providers' names in metadata.
.It Fl n
Turn off autosynchronization of stale components.
.It Fl s Ar slice
When using the
.Cm split
balance algorithm and an I/O READ request is bigger than or equal to this value,
the I/O request will be split into N pieces, where N is the number of active
component.
.El
.It Cm clear
Clear metadata on the given providers.
.It Cm configure
Configure the given device.
.Pp
Additional options include:
.Bl -tag -width ".Fl b Ar balance"
.It Fl a
Turn on autosynchronization of stale components.
.It Fl b Ar balance
Specifies balance algorithm to use.
.It Fl d
Do not hardcode providers' names in metadata.
.It Fl h
Hardcode providers' names in metadata.
.It Fl n
Turn off autosynchronization of stale components.
.It Fl s Ar slice
Specifies slice size for
.Cm split
balance algorithm.
.El
.It Cm rebuild
Rebuild the given mirror components forcibly.
If autosynchronization was not turned off for the given device, this command
should be unnecessary.
.It Cm insert
Add the given component(s) to the existing mirror.
.Pp
Additional options include:
.Bl -tag -width ".Fl p Ar priority"
.It Fl h
Hardcode providers' names in metadata.
.It Fl i
Mark component(s) as inactive immediately after insertion.
.It Fl p Ar priority
Specifies priority of the given component(s).
.El
.It Cm remove
Remove the given component(s) from the mirror and clear metadata on it.
.It Cm activate
Activate the given component(s), which were marked as inactive before.
.It Cm deactivate
Mark the given component(s) as inactive, so it will not be automatically
connected to the mirror.
.It Cm forget
Forget about components which are not connected.
This command is useful when a disk has failed and cannot be reconnected, preventing the
.Cm remove
command from being used to remove it.
.It Cm stop
Stop the given mirror.
.Pp
Additional options include:
.Bl -tag -width ".Fl f"
.It Fl f
Stop the given mirror even if it is opened.
.El
.It Cm list
List every currently configured devices; if a list of devices is passed as a
parameter then only those devices will be shown.
.It Cm load
Load
.Pa geom_mirror.ko
kernel module.
.It Cm unload
Unload
.Pa geom_mirror.ko
kernel module.
.El
.Pp
Additional options include:
.Bl -tag -width ".Fl v"
.It Fl v
Be more verbose.
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
Use 3 disks to setup a mirror.
Choose split balance algorithm, split only
requests which are bigger than or equal to 2kB.
Create file system,
mount it, then unmount it and stop device:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
gmirror label -v -b split -s 2048 data da0 da1 da2
newfs /dev/mirror/data
mount /dev/mirror/data /mnt
\&...
umount /mnt
gmirror stop data
gmirror unload
.Ed
.Pp
Create a mirror on disk with valid data.
Add another disk to this mirror,
so it will be synchronized with existing disk:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
gmirror label -v -b round-robin data da0
gmirror insert data da1
.Ed
.Pp
Create a mirror, but do not use automatic synchronization feature.
Add another disk and rebuild it:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
gmirror label -v -n -b load data da0 da1
gmirror insert data da2
gmirror rebuild data da2
.Ed
.Pp
One disk failed.
Replace it with a brand new one:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
gmirror forget data
gmirror insert data da1
.Ed
.Pp
Create a mirror, deactivate one component, do the backup and connect it again.
It will not be resynchronized, if there is no need to do so (there were no writes in
the meantime):
.Bd -literal -offset indent
gmirror label data da0 da1
gmirror deactivate data da1
dd if=/dev/da1 of=/backup/data.img bs=1m
gmirror activate data da1
.Ed
.Sh EXIT STATUS
Exit status is 0 on success, and 1 if the command fails.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr geom 4 ,
.Xr geom 8 ,
.Xr mount 8 ,
.Xr newfs 8 ,
.Xr umount 8 ,
.Xr vinum 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
utility appeared in
.Fx 5.3 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Pawel Jakub Dawidek Aq pjd@FreeBSD.org
.Sh BUGS
There should be a way to change a component's priority inside a running mirror.
.Pp
There should be a section with an implementation description.
.Pp
Documentation for sysctls
.Va kern.geom.mirror.*
is missing.