1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
|
<!--
The FreeBSD Documentation Project
The FreeBSD French Documentation Project
$Id$
$FreeBSD$
Original revision: 1.12
Ce fichier contient les instructions pour l'installation
specifique aux systemes sparc64.
-->
<sect1>
<title>***Non traduit***Installing &os;</title>
<para>This text describes how to install and boot the &arch; port.
Users of this port are encouraged to subscribe to the
&a.sparc;.</para>
<warning>
<para>The kernel and userland binaries mentioned below are highly
experimental (for example, the kernel contains some ATA changes
and EEPROM handling code which could potentially be dangerous).
Unless you know what you are doing and are willing to cope with
any damage that might arise, you should probably not be trying
this.</para>
</warning>
<para>Unlike &os;/i386 or &os;/alpha, there is no version of
&man.sysinstall.8; for &os;/&arch;. The installation procedure
consists of loading a kernel (either from CDROM or the network)
onto the &arch; machine, with a root filesystem on CDROM or
exported via NFS. The utilities on the root filesystem can then
be used to partition the local disk on the &arch; machine and
optionally to copy the &os; distribution to the local disk to make
a stand-alone machine.</para>
<para>Currently, there are two ways to install &os;/&arch; on a new
machine. By far the easier of the two is to install from CDROM;
this method allows you to install &os; without any dependencies on
any other computers.</para>
<para>If installing from CDROM is impossible or undesirable, the
alternative is to install over the network. This requires another
machine, suitably configured, to serve the boot loader, kernel,
and root filesystem to the new machine, via a combination of
RARP, TFTP, and either BOOTP or DHCP. This netboot server can be
another &os; machine, but is not required to be.</para>
<para>You will need to decide which of these methods you want to use
for installation, as this will determine the set of files you need
to download (if any), as well as the steps required to do the
installation.</para>
<!-- this should read "in this document" after the re-structure -->
<important>
<para>The URLs in this section are provisional and subject to
change. Please see the archives of the &a.sparc; for the most
recent locations of files. This notice will be removed when
more permanent URLs have been determined.</para>
</important>
<sect2 id="getting-to-prom-prompt">
<title>Getting to the PROM Prompt</title>
<para>Most &arch; systems are set up to boot automatically from
disk. To install &os;, you need to boot over the network or
from a CDROM, which requires you to break into the PROM
(OpenFirmware).</para>
<para>To do this, reboot the system, and wait until the boot
message appears. It depends on the model, but should look about
like:</para>
<screen>Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present
Copyright 1998-2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OpenBoot 4.2, 128 MB memory installed, Serial #51090132.
Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
<para>If your system proceeds to boot from disk at this point, you
need to press <keycombo
action="simul"><keycap>L1</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></keycombo>
or <keycombo
action="simul"><keycap>Stop</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></keycombo>
on the keyboard, or send a <command>BREAK</command> over the
serial console (using for example <command>~#</command> in
&man.tip.1; or &man.cu.1;) to get to the PROM prompt. It looks
like this:</para>
<screenco>
<areaspec>
<area id="prompt-single" coords="1 5">
<area id="prompt-smp" coords="2 5">
</areaspec>
<screen><prompt>ok </prompt>
<prompt>ok {0} </prompt></screen>
<calloutlist>
<callout arearefs="prompt-single">
<para>This is the prompt used on systems with just one
CPU.</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="prompt-smp">
<para>This is the prompt used on SMP systems, the digit
indicates the number of the active CPU.</para>
</callout>
</calloutlist>
</screenco>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="prepare-cd">
<title>Preparing for a CDROM Installation</title>
<para>If you want to do a CDROM installation, an ISO image with a
snapshot of &os;/&arch; can be found at <ulink
url="&release.url;"></ulink>. This file can be used to create a
bootable CDROM which contains everything necessary to boot and
load at least a minimal &os; installation.</para>
<!-- XXX ISO location?-->
<para>Place the CDROM into your drive, and break into the PROM as
described above. On the PROM prompt, type <command>boot
cdrom</command>. The system should boot into single-user mode
now, and you can create the disk label and install the base
system archive as described in <xref
linkend="creating-disk-label"> and <xref
linkend="creating-root-filesystem">.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="prepare-network">
<title>Preparing for a Network Installation</title>
<para>A &os;/&arch; kernel is booted by having the firmware
retrieve and execute a <application>loader</application>, which
in turn fetches and executes the actual kernel. For this boot
process, you need to set up &man.rarpd.8; and &man.tftpd.8; (for
the firmware) and &man.bootpd.8; (for the
<application>loader</application>) on another networked system.
The loader can fetch a kernel using TFTP or NFS. All of this is
covered in detail below.</para>
<sect3 id="downloading">
<title>Getting the Required Files</title>
<para>For a network installation, you will need several files.
First, you will need to download a &os;/&arch; loader for
&man.tftpd.8; to serve to your &arch; client. The loader will
use either TFTP or NFS to retrieve the &os; kernel from the
netboot server. There is a separate loader for each of these
methods (i.e. a loader for TFTP and a loader for NFS). You
should download one of the following files, as
appropriate:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><ulink
url="&release.url;loader-tftp.gz"></ulink></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><ulink
url="&release.url;loader-nfs.gz"></ulink></para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>A network installation also requires a kernel to be served
to the netboot client. A suitable kernel can be found at
<ulink url="&release.url;"></ulink>.</para>
<!-- XXX kernel filename?-->
<para>Finally, you will need a &man.tar.1; archive which
contains the binaries and configuration files from the base
system. This file is available from <ulink
url="&release.url;distrib.tar.gz"></ulink>.</para>
</sect3>
<!-- put the words "netboot server" in here -->
<sect3>
<title>rarpd</title>
<para>You need to add the Ethernet address of your &os;/&arch;
system to <filename>/etc/ethers</filename> on the netboot
server. An entry looks like:</para>
<programlisting>0:3:ba:b:92:d4 your.host.name</programlisting>
<para>The Ethernet address is usually displayed in the boot
message.</para>
<para>Make sure <hostid>your.host.name</hostid> is in
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> or has a valid DNS entry (or
use an IP address). Then, start &man.rarpd.8; on a network
interface that is on the same subnet as the &os;/&arch;
system.</para>
</sect3>
<!-- put the words "netboot server" in here -->
<sect3>
<title>tftpd</title>
<para>Activate &man.tftpd.8; in your &man.inetd.8;
configuration by uncommenting the following line in
<filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>tftp dgram udp wait nobody /usr/libexec/tftpd tftpd /tftpboot</programlisting>
<para>Copy the unpacked loader to your
<filename>/tftpboot</filename> directory, and name it with the
&os;/&arch; host's IP address in upper-case hexadecimal
notation without dots (or use appropriately-named symbolic
links). For example, your setup may look like this, for an IP
address of <hostid>192.168.0.16</hostid>:</para>
<screen> lrwx------ 1 tmm users 9 Jul 24 17:05 /tftpboot/C0A80010 -> boot/loader
-rw-r--r-- 1 tmm users 1643021 Oct 20 18:04 /tftpboot/boot/loader</screen>
<para>If you have trouble booting, it is very helpful to use
&man.tcpdump.1; to monitor the TFTP requests. This will allow
you to see the file name you need to use for the loader.
Error replies by the TFTP server are most often due to
incorrect file permissions.</para>
</sect3>
<!-- put the words "netboot server" in here -->
<sect3>
<title>Setting up bootpd/dhcpd</title>
<para>You can use either BOOTP or DHCP (both not both) to
provide some parameters to the boot loader, such as a
machine's IP address. If you are using another &os; machine
as a netboot server, the BOOTP functionality is provided by
&man.bootpd.8;, which is a part of the &os; base system.
Several DHCP servers are provided in the &os; Ports
Collection.</para>
<para>If you are going to use &man.bootpd.8;, create entries for
your &os;/&arch; system in the server's
<filename>/etc/bootptab</filename> (see &man.bootptab.5; for
more details):</para>
<programlisting>.default:\
:bf="kernel":dn=local:ds=<replaceable>name-server-ip-address</replaceable>:\
:gw=<replaceable>gateway-ip-address</replaceable>:ht=ether:hd="/tftpboot/boot/kernel":hn:\
:sa="<replaceable>tftp-server-ip-address</replaceable>":\
:rp="<replaceable>tftp-server-ip-address</replaceable>:<replaceable>nfs-root-directory</replaceable>":\
:sm=<replaceable>ip-netmask</replaceable>
<replaceable>name-of-the-entry</replaceable>:\
ha=<replaceable>sparc64-ethernet-address</replaceable>:ip=<replaceable>sparc64-ip-address</replaceable>:tc=.default</programlisting>
<para>The Ethernet address must be the same as the one in the
TFTP example above, but it is specified hexadecimal notation
without colons (for the example above, this would be
<literal>0003ba0b92d4</literal>). NFS/TFTP specific entries
can be omitted if the given method is not used. The strings
given in the <literal>hd</literal> and <literal>bf</literal>
properties are concatenated to give the boot file name. If
your kernel is named differently or you use another directory,
change these values as required. If you are booting using
NFS, remove the <literal>bf</literal> and
<literal>hd</literal> settings (or change them to specify the
directory and file inside the NFS root hierarchy in which the
kernel will reside). The name of the host entry is
conventionally the host name without the domain
appended.</para>
<para>For a DHCP server, add an entry similar to the following
to your <filename>dhcpd.conf</filename> file. An example
entry for <application>ISC DHCP</application> version 2
(available in the &os; Ports Collection as <filename
role="package">net/isc-dhcp2</filename>) is shown
below:</para>
<programlisting>host <replaceable>name-of-entry</replaceable> {
hardware ethernet <replaceable>sparc64-ethernet-address</replaceable>;
option host-name "<replaceable>sparc64-fully-qualified-domain-name</replaceable>";
fixed-address <replaceable>sparc64-ip-address</replaceable>;
always-reply-rfc1048 on;
filename "kernel";
option root-path "<replaceable>tftp-server-ip-address</replaceable>:<replaceable>nfs-root-directory</replaceable>";
}</programlisting>
<para>The <literal>filename</literal> option corresponds to the
concatenation of <literal>hd</literal> and
<literal>bf</literal> in <filename>/etc/bootptab</filename>.
The Ethernet address is specified in hexadecimal with colons,
just like in the &man.rarpd.8; example above.
<literal>options root-path</literal> corresponds to
<literal>rp</literal> in <filename>/etc/bootptab</filename>.
If the name given in <literal>option host-name</literal> is
resolvable, i.e. has a DNS entry or is associated with an
address in <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>, the
<literal>fixed-address</literal> specification can be
omitted.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Loading the Kernel</title>
<para>With the daemons on the netboot server configured, the
next step is to copy the kernel (obtained during the steps of
<xref linkend="downloading">) to an appropriate directory.
There are two ways of retrieving a kernel over the network:
TFTP and NFS. (You specified one of these two alternatives by
picking a loader.)</para>
<para>For both TFTP and NFS, the loader will use the parameters
that it obtained via BOOTP or DHCP to find the kernel.</para>
<sect4>
<title>Loading the Kernel over TFTP</title>
<para>Place the kernel in the directory you specified using
<literal>bf</literal> and <literal>hd</literal> in the
<filename>/etc/bootptab</filename> or the
<literal>filename</literal> parameter to
<filename>dhcpd.conf</filename>.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Loading the Kernel over NFS</title>
<para>Export the directory that was specified by the
<literal>rp</literal> property in
<filename>/etc/bootptab</filename> or the
<literal>root-path</literal> parameter in
<filename>dhcpd.conf</filename> (see &man.exports.5;). Copy
the kernel to the directory you specified using
<literal>bf</literal> and <literal>hd</literal> in the
<filename>/etc/bootptab</filename> or the
<literal>filename</literal> parameter to
<filename>dhcpd.conf</filename>.</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Loading the Base System to the Netboot Server</title>
<para>You must extract the base system distribution image to the
NFS root directory specified either by the
<literal>rp</literal> option in
<filename>/etc/bootptab</filename> or the
<literal>root-path</literal> option in
<filename>dhcpd.conf</filename>. This directory tree will
become the &arch;'s root filesystem once the kernel is booted.
Besides providing a normal userland environment, it also
contains all of the necessary utilities for you to install the
distribution on the &arch; client's local disk.</para>
<para>Using whatever editing tools you have on the netboot
server, you probably will want to edit the &arch;'s
<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and set a
<username>root</username> password.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Booting</title>
<para>If all goes well, you can now boot the &os; on your &arch;
machine by dropping into the PROM prompt as described in <xref
linkend="getting-to-prom-prompt">. Now, just type
<command>boot net</command> and the system should boot.
Specifically, the loader is retrieved via TFTP, it then does a
BOOTP request and will proceed to load the kernel (either
using TFTP or NFS, depending on your choice of loader). Then,
it should wait 10 seconds for user input and proceed to
execute the kernel.</para>
<para>If something does not work in between, and you suspect
TFTP/NFS/BOOTP problems, <application>Ethereal</application>
(available in the &os; Ports Collection as <filename
role="package"> net/ethereal</filename>) is usually helpful.
The most common problems are related to bad file permissions.
Also note that &man.rarpd.8; will not answer to packets under
some circumstances, refer to the manual page for
details.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="creating-disk-label">
<title>Creating a Disk Label</title>
<para>The kernel supports the Sun disk label format, so you can
label the disks you want to use with &os; from Solaris.</para>
<para>&os; disk labels must currently be created by hand, as
&man.sysinstall.8; is not yet available on &os;/&arch;. Please
refer to the <ulink
url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/">FreeBSD
Handbook</ulink> for more information about labels and special
partitions.</para>
<para>On &os;/&arch;, a Sun compatibility label is embedded in the
&os; label; this is needed for the PROM to boot from disk. This
imposes an additional restriction on the disk label format:
partitions are required to start on a cylinder boundary.</para>
<para>To create a disk label, the following procedure is the
easiest:</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>Run <command>disklabel -w -r
<replaceable>device</replaceable> auto</command> to create a
basic disk label. The third argument you need specify here
is just the name of the device, not the complete path to the
device node (e.g. <devicename>ad0</devicename> for the first
ATA disk).</para>
</step>
<step>
<para> Use <command>disklabel -e
<replaceable>device</replaceable></command> to open an
editor in which you can edit the disk label. The
information presented to you should look like:</para>
<screen># /dev/ad6c:
type: unknown
disk: amnesiac
label:
flags:
bytes/sector: 512
sectors/track: 63
tracks/cylinder: 16
sectors/cylinder: 1008
cylinders: 79780
sectors/unit: 80418240
rpm: 3600
interleave: 1
trackskew: 0
cylinderskew: 0
headswitch: 0 # milliseconds
track-to-track seek: 0 # milliseconds
drivedata: 0
8 partitions:
# size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
c: 80418240 0 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 79779)</screen>
<para>You can now add new partitions in the same format as the
already present line. Using <literal>*</literal> in the
offset field makes the procedure easier; please refer to the
&man.disklabel.8; manual page for more information.</para>
<para>To make sure the restriction mentioned above is met, the
size of each partition must be a multiple of the number of
sectors per cylinder as shown in the information that is
presented in the editor (1008 in the example above).</para>
<para>When you are done, save your changes and quit the
editor.i This will cause the disk label to be
written.</para>
<warning>
<para>This procedure will overwrite any disk label that may
be already present on the disk. Any existing filesystems
on this disk must have their respective partition entries
in the old and new label match
<emphasis>exactly</emphasis>, or they will be
lost.</para>
</warning>
<para>If you want to double-check that your partitions end on
cylinder boundaries, run <command>disklabel -e
<replaceable>device</replaceable></command> again. The
editor will display the cylinders used by a particular
partition on the right hand side of the output. If any of
the partitions you defined (i.e. anything except partition
<literal>c</literal>) shows an <literal>*</literal> next to
it, the partition does <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> start or end
on a cylinder boundary. You <emphasis>MUST</emphasis> fix
these or your system will not work.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Use <command>disklabel -B</command> if you want to make
the disk bootable for &os;/&arch;.</para>
<warning>
<para>Using <command>disklabel -B</command> on a disk will
overwrite any preexisting boot block, so it will likely
render any other operating system installed on the same
disk unbootable.</para>
</warning>
<para>If you do not want to overwrite the boot block, it is
possible to load the <application>loader</application> via
TFTP as described above, but have it boot the kernel from
disk. This requires a special loader binary, which is
available at <ulink
url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/loader-ufs.gz"></ulink></para>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="creating-root-filesystem">
<title>Creating the Root Fileystem</title>
<para>If you want to boot from a local disk, you will need to
create a root filesystem to hold the base system binaries and
configuration files (and optionally other filesystems mounted
in places such as <filename>/usr</filename> and
<filename>/var</filename>).</para>
<para>The kernel contains support for Sun disklabels, so you can
use Solaris disks, which may even be prepared using
<application>newfs</application> under Solaris. NetBSD disk
labels and filesystems are also usable from &os;.</para>
<warning>
<para>Do <emphasis>not</emphasis> run Solaris
<application>fsck</application> on filesystems modified by
&os;. Doing so will damage the file permissions.</para>
</warning>
<para>To create filesystems and to install the base system, boot
from CDROM or via NFS and create a disk label as described in
<xref linkend="creating-disk-label">.</para>
<para>When booting the first time and you have not entered your
root partition into <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> yet, you may
need to specify your root partition on the mountroot prompt when
booting (use a format like
<command>ufs:<replaceable>disk</replaceable><replaceable>partition</replaceable></command>,
i.e. leave the slice specification out). If the kernel does
automatically attempt to boot from another filesystem, press a
key other than <keycap>Enter</keycap> on the
<application>loader</application> prompt:</para>
<screen>Hit [Enter] to boot immediately, or any other key for command prompt.</screen>
<para>Then, boot the kernel using <command>boot -a -s</command>,
which will cause the kernel to ask you for the root partition
and then boot into single-user mode. Once the root filesystem
has been entered into <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, it should
be automatically mounted as <filename>/</filename> on the next
boot.</para>
<para>If you are booting over the network (via NFS), the above
BOOTP entries should suffice to have the kernel find and mount
the root filesystem via NFS.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="installing-base-system">
<title>Installing the Base System</title>
<para>If you booted the kernel from the network, you downloaded a
&man.tar.1; archive with the base system and exported it from
the netboot server via NFS. You can unpack this same archive to
your local disk to create a stand-alone system (remember to copy
the kernel over as well).</para>
<para>If you booted from CDROM, the same archive is available in
<filename>/root/</filename> on the CDROM.</para>
<para>Before booting the system stand-alone, you will want to edit
<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and set a
<username>root</username> password.</para>
<para>Note that some programs from the base system may not be
present in the archive, or may not work properly yet.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
|