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OpenSSL 0.9.4 09 Aug 1999
Copyright (c) 1998-1999 The OpenSSL Project
Copyright (c) 1995-1998 Eric A. Young, Tim J. Hudson
All rights reserved.
DESCRIPTION
-----------
The OpenSSL Project is a collaborative effort to develop a robust,
commercial-grade, fully featured, and Open Source toolkit implementing the
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1)
protocols with full-strength cryptography world-wide. The project is managed
by a worldwide community of volunteers that use the Internet to communicate,
plan, and develop the OpenSSL toolkit and its related documentation.
OpenSSL is based on the excellent SSLeay library developed from Eric A. Young
and Tim J. Hudson. The OpenSSL toolkit is licensed under a dual-license (the
OpenSSL license plus the SSLeay license) situation, which basically means
that you are free to get and use it for commercial and non-commercial
purposes as long as you fulfill the conditions of both licenses.
OVERVIEW
--------
The OpenSSL toolkit includes:
libssl.a:
Implementation of SSLv2, SSLv3, TLSv1 and the required code to support
both SSLv2, SSLv3 and TLSv1 in the one server and client.
libcrypto.a:
General encryption and X.509 v1/v3 stuff needed by SSL/TLS but not
actually logically part of it. It includes routines for the following:
Ciphers
libdes - EAY's libdes DES encryption package which has been floating
around the net for a few years. It includes 15
'modes/variations' of DES (1, 2 and 3 key versions of ecb,
cbc, cfb and ofb; pcbc and a more general form of cfb and
ofb) including desx in cbc mode, a fast crypt(3), and
routines to read passwords from the keyboard.
RC4 encryption,
RC2 encryption - 4 different modes, ecb, cbc, cfb and ofb.
Blowfish encryption - 4 different modes, ecb, cbc, cfb and ofb.
IDEA encryption - 4 different modes, ecb, cbc, cfb and ofb.
Digests
MD5 and MD2 message digest algorithms, fast implementations,
SHA (SHA-0) and SHA-1 message digest algorithms,
MDC2 message digest. A DES based hash that is popular on smart cards.
Public Key
RSA encryption/decryption/generation.
There is no limit on the number of bits.
DSA encryption/decryption/generation.
There is no limit on the number of bits.
Diffie-Hellman key-exchange/key generation.
There is no limit on the number of bits.
X.509v3 certificates
X509 encoding/decoding into/from binary ASN1 and a PEM
based ascii-binary encoding which supports encryption with a
private key. Program to generate RSA and DSA certificate
requests and to generate RSA and DSA certificates.
Systems
The normal digital envelope routines and base64 encoding. Higher
level access to ciphers and digests by name. New ciphers can be
loaded at run time. The BIO io system which is a simple non-blocking
IO abstraction. Current methods supported are file descriptors,
sockets, socket accept, socket connect, memory buffer, buffering, SSL
client/server, file pointer, encryption, digest, non-blocking testing
and null.
Data structures
A dynamically growing hashing system
A simple stack.
A Configuration loader that uses a format similar to MS .ini files.
openssl:
A command line tool which provides the following functions:
enc - a general encryption program that can encrypt/decrypt using
one of 17 different cipher/mode combinations. The
input/output can also be converted to/from base64
ascii encoding.
dgst - a generate message digesting program that will generate
message digests for any of md2, md5, sha (sha-0 or sha-1)
or mdc2.
asn1parse - parse and display the structure of an asn1 encoded
binary file.
rsa - Manipulate RSA private keys.
dsa - Manipulate DSA private keys.
dh - Manipulate Diffie-Hellman parameter files.
dsaparam- Manipulate and generate DSA parameter files.
crl - Manipulate certificate revocation lists.
crt2pkcs7- Generate a pkcs7 object containing a crl and a certificate.
x509 - Manipulate x509 certificates, self-sign certificates.
req - Manipulate PKCS#10 certificate requests and also
generate certificate requests.
genrsa - Generates an arbitrary sized RSA private key.
gendsa - Generates DSA parameters.
gendh - Generates a set of Diffie-Hellman parameters, the prime
will be a strong prime.
ca - Create certificates from PKCS#10 certificate requests.
This program also maintains a database of certificates
issued.
verify - Check x509 certificate signatures.
speed - Benchmark OpenSSL's ciphers.
s_server- A test SSL server.
s_client- A test SSL client.
s_time - Benchmark SSL performance of SSL server programs.
errstr - Convert from OpenSSL hex error codes to a readable form.
nseq - Netscape certificate sequence utility
PATENTS
-------
Various companies hold various patents for various algorithms in various
locations around the world. _YOU_ are responsible for ensuring that your use
of any algorithms is legal by checking if there are any patents in your
country. The file contains some of the patents that we know about or are
rumoured to exist. This is not a definitive list.
RSA Data Security holds software patents on the RSA and RC5 algorithms. If
their ciphers are used used inside the USA (and Japan?), you must contact RSA
Data Security for licensing conditions. Their web page is
http://www.rsa.com/.
RC4 is a trademark of RSA Data Security, so use of this label should perhaps
only be used with RSA Data Security's permission.
The IDEA algorithm is patented by Ascom in Austria, France, Germany, Italy,
Japan, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and the USA. They should
be contacted if that algorithm is to be used, their web page is
http://www.ascom.ch/.
INSTALLATION
------------
To install this package under a Unix derivative, read the INSTALL file. For
a Win32 platform, read the INSTALL.W32 file. For OpenVMS systems, read
INSTALL.VMS.
For people in the USA, it is possible to compile OpenSSL to use RSA Inc.'s
public key library, RSAREF, by configuring OpenSSL with the option "rsaref".
Read the documentation in the doc/ directory. It is quite rough, but it
lists the functions, you will probably have to look at the code to work out
how to used them. Look at the example programs.
SUPPORT
-------
If you have any problems with OpenSSL then please take the following steps
first:
- Remove ASM versions of libraries
- Remove compiler optimisation flags
- Add compiler debug flags (if using gcc then remove -fomit-frame-pointer
before you try to debug things)
If you wish to report a bug then please include the following information in
any bug report:
OpenSSL Details
- Version, most of these details can be got from the
'openssl version -a' command.
Operating System Details
- On Unix systems: Output of './config -t'
- OS Name, Version
- Hardware platform
Compiler Details
- Name
- Version
Application Details
- Name
- Version
Problem Description
- include steps that will reproduce the problem (if known)
Stack Traceback (if the application dumps core)
Report the bug to the OpenSSL project at:
openssl-bugs@openssl.org
HOW TO CONTRIBUTE TO OpenSSL
----------------------------
Development is coordinated on the openssl-dev mailing list (see
http://www.openssl.org for information on subscribing). If you
would like to submit a patch, send it to openssl-dev@openssl.org.
Please be sure to include a textual explanation of what your patch
does.
The preferred format for changes is "diff -u" output. You might
generate it like this:
# cd openssl-work
# [your changes]
# ./Configure dist; make clean
# cd ..
# diff -urN openssl-orig openssl-work > mydiffs.patch
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