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-.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
-.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\" without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" @(#)grep.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
-.\"
-.Dd April 18, 1994
-.Dt GREP 1
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm grep
-.Nd file pattern searcher
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.Nm grep
-.Op Fl bchilnosvw
-.Op Fl e Ar pattern
-.Op Ar
-.Nm egrep
-.Op Fl bchilnosv
-.Op Fl e Ar pattern
-.Op Fl f Ar pattern_file
-.Op Ar
-.Nm fgrep
-.Op Fl bchilnosvx
-.Op Fl e Ar pattern
-.Op Fl f Ar pattern_file
-.Op Ar
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The
-.Nm grep
-utilities search the given input files selecting lines
-which match one or more patterns; the type of patterns is controlled
-by the options specified.
-By default, a pattern
-matches an input line if any regular expression (RE) in the
-pattern matches the input line without its trailing <new-line>.
-A null RE matches every line.
-Each input line that matches at
-least one of the patterns is written to the standard output.
-.Pp
-For simple patterns or
-.Xr ex 1
-or
-.Xr ed 1
-style regular expressions, the
-.Nm grep
-utility is used.
-The
-.Nm egrep
-utility
-can handle extended regular expressions and
-embedded <newline>s in patterns.
-The
-.Nm fgrep
-utility is quick but can handle only fixed strings.
-A fixed string
-is a string of characters,
-each character
-is matched only by itself.
-The pattern
-value can consist of multiple lines with
-embedded <newline>s.
-In this case, the <newline>s
-act as alternation characters, allowing any of the
-pattern lines to match a portion of the input.
-.Pp
-The following options are available:
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width indent
-.It Fl b
-The block number on the disk in which a matched pattern is located
-is displayed in front of the respective matched line.
-.It Fl c
-Only a count of selected lines is written to standard
-output.
-.It Fl e Ar expression
-Specify a pattern used during the search of the
-input.
-Multiple
-.Fl e
-options can be used to specify
-multiple patterns; an input line is selected if it
-matches any of the specified patterns.
-.It Fl f Ar pattern_file
-The pattern is read from the file named by the
-pathname pattern_file.
-Trailing newlines
-in the pattern_file are ignored.
-.Pf ( Nm Egrep
-and
-.Nm fgrep
-only).
-.It Fl h
-Never print filename headers with output lines.
-.It Fl i
-The case of letters is ignored in making comparisons \- that is, upper and
-lower case are considered identical.
-.It Fl l
-Only the names of files containing selected lines
-are written to standard output.
-Pathnames are
-listed once per file searched.
-If the standard
-input is searched, the pathname
-.Sq Fl
-is written.
-.It Fl n
-Each output line is preceded by its relative line
-number in the file; each file starting at line 1.
-The line number counter is reset for each file processed.
-This option is ignored if
-.Fl c ,
-.Fl l ,
-or
-.Fl s
-is
-specified.
-.It Fl o
-Always print filename headers with output lines.
-.It Fl s
-Silent mode. Nothing is printed (except error messages).
-This is useful for checking the error status.
-.It Fl v
-Selected lines are those
-.Em not
-matching the specified
-patterns.
-.It Fl x
-Only input lines selected against an entire fixed
-string or regular expression are considered to be
-matching lines.
-.Pf ( Nm Fgrep
-only).
-.It Fl w
-The expression is searched for as a word
-(as if surrounded by `\e<' and `\e>', see
-.Xr ex 1 . )
-.Pf ( Nm Grep
-only)
-.Pp
-.El
-If no file arguments are specified, the
-standard input is used.
-.Pp
-The
-.Nm grep
-utility exits with one of the following values:
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width flag -compact
-.It Li 0
-One or more lines were selected.
-.It Li 1
-No lines were selected.
-.It Li >1
-An error occurred.
-.El
-.Sh EXTENDED REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
-The following characters are interpreted by
-.Nm egrep :
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width flag -compact
-.It Cm \&$
-Align the match from the end of the line.
-.It Cm \&^
-Align the match from the beginning of the line.
-.It Cm \&|
-Add another pattern (see example below).
-.It Cm \&?
-Match 1 or less sequential repetitions of the pattern.
-.It Cm \&+
-Match 1 or more sequential repetitions of the pattern.
-.It Cm \&*
-Match 0 or more sequential repetitions of the pattern.
-.It Cm \&[]
-Match any single character or range of characters
-enclosed in the brackets.
-.It Cm \&\e
-Escape special characters which have meaning to
-.Nm egrep ,
-the set of {$,.,^,[,],|,?,+,*,(,)}.
-.El
-.Sh EXAMPLES
-To find all occurrences of the word patricia in a file:
-.Pp
-.Dl grep patricia myfile
-.Pp
-To find all occurrences of the pattern
-.Ql \&.Pp
-at the beginning of a line:
-.Pp
-.Dl grep '^\e.Pp'
-.Pp
-The apostrophes assure the entire expression is evaluated by
-.Nm grep
-instead of by the
-users shell.
-The carat or hat
-.Ql Li \&^
-means
-.Em from the beginning of a line ,
-and the
-.Ql Li \&\e
-escapes the
-.Ql Li \&.
-which would otherwise match any character.
-.Pp
-A simple example of an extended regular expression:
-.Pp
-.Dl egrep '19|20|25' calendar
-.Pp
-Peruses the file calendar looking for either 19, 20
-or 25.
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr ed 1 ,
-.Xr ex 1 ,
-.Xr sed 1
-.Sh HISTORY
-The
-.Nm grep
-command appeared in
-.At v6 .
-.Sh BUGS
-Lines are limited to 256 characters; longer lines are truncated.
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