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-.\" $FreeBSD$
-.\"
-.Dd September 11, 2005
-.Dt TIME2POSIX 3
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm time2posix ,
-.Nm posix2time
-.Nd convert seconds since the Epoch
-.Sh LIBRARY
-.Lb libc
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In time.h
-.Ft time_t
-.Fn time2posix "time_t t"
-.Ft time_t
-.Fn posix2time "time_t t"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.St -p1003.1-88
-legislates that a time_t value of
-536457599 shall correspond to "Wed Dec 31 23:59:59 GMT 1986."
-This effectively implies that POSIX time_t's cannot include leap
-seconds and,
-therefore,
-that the system time must be adjusted as each leap occurs.
-.Pp
-If the time package is configured with leap-second support
-enabled,
-however,
-no such adjustment is needed and
-time_t values continue to increase over leap events
-(as a true `seconds since...' value).
-This means that these values will differ from those required by POSIX
-by the net number of leap seconds inserted since the Epoch.
-.Pp
-Typically this is not a problem as the type time_t is intended
-to be
-(mostly)
-opaque\(emtime_t values should only be obtained-from and
-passed-to functions such as
-.Xr time 3 ,
-.Xr localtime 3 ,
-.Xr mktime 3
-and
-.Xr difftime 3 .
-However,
-.St -p1003.1-88
-gives an arithmetic
-expression for directly computing a time_t value from a given date/time,
-and the same relationship is assumed by some
-(usually older)
-applications.
-Any programs creating/dissecting time_t's
-using such a relationship will typically not handle intervals
-over leap seconds correctly.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn time2posix
-and
-.Fn posix2time
-functions are provided to address this time_t mismatch by converting
-between local time_t values and their POSIX equivalents.
-This is done by accounting for the number of time-base changes that
-would have taken place on a POSIX system as leap seconds were inserted
-or deleted.
-These converted values can then be used in lieu of correcting the older
-applications,
-or when communicating with POSIX-compliant systems.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn time2posix
-function is single-valued.
-That is,
-every local time_t
-corresponds to a single POSIX time_t.
-The
-.Fn posix2time
-function is less well-behaved:
-for a positive leap second hit the result is not unique,
-and for a negative leap second hit the corresponding
-POSIX time_t does not exist so an adjacent value is returned.
-Both of these are good indicators of the inferiority of the
-POSIX representation.
-.Pp
-The following table summarizes the relationship between time_t
-and its conversion to,
-and back from,
-the POSIX representation over the leap second inserted at the end of June,
-1993.
-.Bl -column "93/06/30" "23:59:59" "A+0" "X=time2posix(T)"
-.It Sy "DATE	TIME	T	X=time2posix(T)	posix2time(X)"
-.It "93/06/30	23:59:59	A+0	B+0	A+0"
-.It "93/06/30	23:59:60	A+1	B+1	A+1 or A+2"
-.It "93/07/01	00:00:00	A+2	B+1	A+1 or A+2"
-.It "93/07/01	00:00:01	A+3	B+2	A+3"
-.El
-.Pp
-A leap second deletion would look like...
-.Bl -column "??/06/30" "23:59:58" "A+0" "X=time2posix(T)"
-.It Sy "DATE	TIME	T	X=time2posix(T)	posix2time(X)"
-.It "??/06/30	23:59:58	A+0	B+0	A+0"
-.It "??/07/01	00:00:00	A+1	B+2	A+1"
-.It "??/07/01	00:00:01	A+2	B+3	A+2"
-.El
-.Pp
-.D1 No "[Note: posix2time(B+1) => A+0 or A+1]"
-.Pp
-If leap-second support is not enabled,
-local time_t's and
-POSIX time_t's are equivalent,
-and both
-.Fn time2posix
-and
-.Fn posix2time
-degenerate to the identity function.
-.Sh "SEE ALSO"
-.Xr difftime 3 ,
-.Xr localtime 3 ,
-.Xr mktime 3 ,
-.Xr time 3
-.\" @(#)time2posix.3  8.2
-.\" This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-.\" 1996-06-05 by Arthur David Olson.