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diff --git a/contrib/bind/man/host.1 b/contrib/bind/man/host.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ade617 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/bind/man/host.1 @@ -0,0 +1,207 @@ +.\" ++Copyright++ 1993 +.\" - +.\" Copyright (c) 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" - +.\" Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation. +.\" +.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any +.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above +.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that +.\" the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or +.\" publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without +.\" specific, written prior permission. +.\" +.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL +.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES +.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT +.\" CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR +.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS +.\" ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS +.\" SOFTWARE. +.\" - +.\" --Copyright-- +.\" $Id: host.1,v 8.1 1994/12/15 06:24:10 vixie Exp $ +.TH HOST @CMD_EXT_U@ +.SH NAME +host \- look up host names using domain server +.SH SYNOPSIS +host [-l] [-v] [-w] [-r] [-d] [-t querytype] [-a] host [ server ] +.SH DESCRIPTION +.I Host +looks for information about Internet hosts. It gets this information +from a set of interconnected servers that are spread across the +country. By default, it simply converts between host names and +Internet addresses. However with the -t or -a options, it can be used +to find all of the information about this host that is maintained +by the domain server. +.PP +The arguments can be either host names or host numbers. The program +first attempts to interpret them as host numbers. If this fails, +it will treat them as host names. A host number consists of +first decimal numbers separated by dots, e.g. 128.6.4.194 +A host name +consists of names separated by dots, e.g. topaz.rutgers.edu. +Unless the name ends in a dot, the local domain +is automatically tacked on the end. Thus a Rutgers user can say +"host topaz", and it will actually look up "topaz.rutgers.edu". +If this fails, the name is tried unchanged (in this case, "topaz"). +This same convention is used for mail and other network utilities. +The actual suffix to tack on the end is obtained +by looking at the results of a "hostname" call, and using everything +starting at the first dot. (See below for a description of +how to customize the host name lookup.) +.PP +The first argument is the host name you want to look up. +If this is a number, an "inverse query" is done, i.e. the domain +system looks in a separate set of databases used to convert numbers +to names. +.PP +The second argument is optional. It +allows you to specify a particular server to query. If you don't +specify this argument, the default server (normally the local machine) +is used. +.PP +If a name is specified, you may see output of three different kinds. +Here is an example that shows all of them: +.br + % host sun4 +.br + sun4.rutgers.edu is a nickname for ATHOS.RUTGERS.EDU +.br + ATHOS.RUTGERS.EDU has address 128.6.5.46 +.br + ATHOS.RUTGERS.EDU has address 128.6.4.4 +.br + ATHOS.RUTGERS.EDU mail is handled by ARAMIS.RUTGERS.EDU +.br +The user has typed the command "host sun4". The first line indicates +that the name "sun4.rutgers.edu" is actually a nickname. The official +host name is "ATHOS.RUTGERS.EDU'. The next two lines show the +address. If a system has more than one network interface, there +will be a separate address for each. The last line indicates +that ATHOS.RUTGERS.EDU does not receive its own mail. Mail for +it is taken by ARAMIS.RUTGERS.EDU. There may be more than one +such line, since some systems have more than one other system +that will handle mail for them. Technically, every system that +can receive mail is supposed to have an entry of this kind. If +the system receives its own mail, there should be an entry +the mentions the system itself, for example +"XXX mail is handled by XXX". However many systems that receive +their own mail do not bother to mention that fact. If a system +has a "mail is handled by" entry, but no address, this indicates +that it is not really part of the Internet, but a system that is +on the network will forward mail to it. Systems on Usenet, Bitnet, +and a number of other networks have entries of this kind. +.PP +There are a number of options that can be used before the +host name. Most of these options are meaningful only to the +staff who have to maintain the domain database. +.PP +The option -w causes host to wait forever for a response. Normally +it will time out after around a minute. +.PP +The option -v causes printout to be in a "verbose" format. This +is the official domain master file format, which is documented +in the man page for "named". Without this option, output still follows +this format in general terms, but some attempt is made to make it +more intelligible to normal users. Without -v, +"a", "mx", and "cname" records +are written out as "has address", "mail is handled by", and +"is a nickname for", and TTL and class fields are not shown. +.PP +The option -r causes recursion to be turned off in the request. +This means that the name server will return only data it has in +its own database. It will not ask other servers for more +information. +.PP +The option -d turns on debugging. Network transactions are shown +in detail. +.PP +The option -t allows you to specify a particular type of information +to be looked up. The arguments are defined in the man page for +"named". Currently supported types are a, ns, md, mf, cname, +soa, mb, mg, mr, null, wks, ptr, hinfo, minfo, mx, uinfo, +uid, gid, unspec, and the wildcard, which may be written +as either "any" or "*". Types must be given in lower case. +Note that the default is to look first for "a", and then "mx", except +that if the verbose option is turned on, the default is only "a". +.PP +The option -a (for "all") is equivalent to "-v -t any". +.PP +The option -l causes a listing of a complete domain. E.g. +.br + host -l rutgers.edu +.br +will give a listing of all hosts in the rutgers.edu domain. The -t +option is used to filter what information is presented, as you +would expect. The default is address information, which also +include PTR and NS records. The command +.br + host -l -v -t any rutgers.edu +.br +will give a complete download of the zone data for rutgers.edu, +in the official master file format. (However the SOA record is +listed twice, for arcane reasons.) NOTE: -l is implemented by +doing a complete zone transfer and then filtering out the information +the you have asked for. This command should be used only if it +is absolutely necessary. +.SH CUSTOMIZING HOST NAME LOOKUP +In general, if the name supplied by the user does not +have any dots in it, a default domain is appended to the end. +This domain can be defined in /etc/resolv.conf, but is normally derived +by taking the local hostname after its first dot. The user can override +this, and specify a different default domain, using the environment +variable +.IR LOCALDOMAIN . +In addition, the user can supply his own abbreviations for host names. +They should be in a file consisting of one line per abbreviation. +Each line contains an abbreviation, a space, and then the full +host name. This file must be pointed to by an environment variable +.IR HOSTALIASES , +which is the name of the file. +.SH "See Also" +@INDOT@named (@SYS_OPS_EXT@) +.SH BUGS +Unexpected effects can happen when you type a name that is not +part of the local domain. Please always keep in mind the +fact that the local domain name is tacked onto the end of every +name, unless it ends in a dot. Only if this fails is the name +used unchanged. +.PP +The -l option only tries the first name server listed for the +domain that you have requested. If this server is dead, you +may need to specify a server manually. E.g. to get a listing +of foo.edu, you could try "host -t ns foo.edu" to get a list +of all the name servers for foo.edu, and then try "host -l foo.edu xxx" +for all xxx on the list of name servers, until you find one that +works. |
