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+.\" $Id: nsupdate.8,v 8.4 1999/10/17 06:26:18 cyarnell Exp $
+.\"
+.\"Copyright (c) 1999 by Internet Software Consortium
+.\"
+.\"Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+.\"purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+.\"copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+.\"
+.\"THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND INTERNET SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM DISCLAIMS
+.\"ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+.\"OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL INTERNET SOFTWARE
+.\"CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\"DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
+.\"PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
+.\"ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
+.\"SOFTWARE.
+.Dd March 5, 1999
+.Dt NSUPDATE @SYS_OPS_EXT_U@ 
+.Os BSD 4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm nsupdate 
+.Nd update Internet name servers interactively
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm nsupdate
+.Op Fl Ar k  keydir:keyname 
+.Op Fl Ar d
+.Op Fl Ar v
+.Op Ar filename
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Ic Nsupdate
+is a program to update Internet domain name servers
+supporting dynamic update.
+.Ic Nsupdate
+uses the DNS resolver library to pass messages
+to a DNS server requesting the additional or deletion of
+DNS resource records (RRs).
+.Ic Nsupdate
+reads input from
+.Ar filename
+or standard input.
+.Sh ARGUMENTS
+.Bl -tag -width Fl
+.It Fl k
+Sign updates with TSIG.
+.It Fl d
+Debug mode.
+.It Fl v
+Virtual circuit - use TCP to communication with server.
+Default is UDP.
+.Sh INPUT FORMAT
+.Ic Nsupdate
+reads input records, one per line,
+each line contributing a resource record to an
+update request.
+All domain names used in a single update request
+must belong to the same DNS zone.
+A blank line causes the accumulated
+records to be formated into a single update request
+and transmitted to the zone's authoritative name servers.
+Additional records may follow,
+which are formed into additional,
+completely independent update requests.
+For the last request to be transmitted, a blank line
+must end the input.
+.Pp
+Records take one of two general forms.
+.Em Prerequisite
+records specify conditions that must be satisfied before
+the request will be processed.
+.Em Update
+records specify changes to be made to the DNS database.
+A update request consists of zero or more prerequisites
+and one or more updates.
+Each update request is processed atomically -
+all prerequisites must be satisfied, then all updates
+will be performed.
+.Pp
+.Ic Nsupdate
+understands the following input record formats:
+.Pp
+
+.Bl -ohang
+
+.It Ic prereq nxdomain Va domain-name
+Requires that no RR of any type exists with name
+.Va domain-name .
+
+.It Ic prereq yxdomain Va domain-name
+Requires that at least one RR named
+.Va domain-name
+must exist.
+
+.It Xo
+.Ic prereq nxrrset Va domain-name Op class
+.Va type
+.Xc
+Requires that no RR exists of the specified
+.Va type
+and
+.Va domain-name .
+
+.It Xo
+.Ic prereq yxrrset
+.Va domain-name Op class
+.Va type Op data...
+.Xc
+Requires that a RR exists of the specified
+.Va type
+and
+.Va domain-name .
+If
+.Va data
+is specified, it must match exactly.
+
+.It Xo
+.Ic update delete
+.Va domain-name Op class
+.Va Op type Op data...
+.Xc
+Deletes RRs named
+.Va domain-name .
+If
+.Va type
+(and possibly
+.Va data )
+is specified,
+only matching records will be deleted.
+
+.It Xo
+.Ic update add
+.Va domain-name ttl Op class
+.Va type data...
+.Xc
+Adds a new RR with specified
+.Va ttl , type ,
+and
+.Va data .
+
+.El
+
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+The following example illustrates the interactive use of
+.Ic nsupdate
+to change an IP address by deleting any existing A records
+for a domain name and then inserting a new one.
+Since no prerequisites are specified,
+the new record will be added even if
+there were no existing records to delete.
+Note the
+trailing blank line, required to process the request.
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ nsupdate
+> update delete test.example.com A
+> update add test.example.com 3600 A 10.1.1.1
+>
+
+.Ed
+.Pp
+In this example, a CNAME alias is added to the database
+only if there are no existing A or CNAME records for
+the domain name.
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ nsupdate
+> prereq nxrrset www.example.com A
+> prereq nxrrset www.example.com CNAME
+> update add www.example.com 3600 CNAME test.example.com
+>
+
+.Ed
+.Pp
+In this example, the nsupdate will be signed with the key "mykey", which
+is in the directory "/var/named/keys".
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ nsupdate -k /var/named/keys:mykey
+> update add ftp.example.com 60 A 192.168.5.1
+>
+
+.Ed
+
+.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
+.Bl -ohang
+
+.It Qq send error
+Typically indicates that the authoritative nameservers could not be reached
+
+.It Qq failed update packet
+Typically indicates that the nameserver has rejected the update,
+either because the nameserver doesn't support dynamic update,
+or due to an authentication failure
+
+.It Qq res_mkupdate: packet size = Va size
+(and no other messages)
+The update was successfully received and authenticated by the nameserver.
+The prerequisites, however, may have prevented the update from actually
+being performed.  The only way to determine if the update was performed
+is to use debug mode
+.Fl ( d )
+and examine the status field in the nameserver's reply.
+
+.Sh FILES
+.It Pa /etc/resolv.conf
+initial domain name and name server addresses
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr @INDOT@named @SYS_OPS_EXT@ ,
+.Xr resolver @LIB_NETWORK_EXT@ , 
+.Xr resolver @FORMAT_EXT@ ;
+RFC-1034,
+.Dq Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities ;
+RFC-1035,
+.Dq Domain Names - Implementation and Specification ;
+RFC-2136,
+Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System.
+.Sh AUTHOR
+Brent Baccala