diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'contrib/bind/doc/man/host.1')
| -rw-r--r-- | contrib/bind/doc/man/host.1 | 316 |
1 files changed, 316 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/contrib/bind/doc/man/host.1 b/contrib/bind/doc/man/host.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..017d082 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/bind/doc/man/host.1 @@ -0,0 +1,316 @@ +.\" ++Copyright++ 1993 +.\" - +.\" Copyright (c) 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" - +.\" Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation. +.\" +.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any +.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above +.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that +.\" the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or +.\" publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without +.\" specific, written prior permission. +.\" +.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL +.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES +.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT +.\" CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR +.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS +.\" ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS +.\" SOFTWARE. +.\" - +.\" --Copyright-- +.\" $Id: host.1,v 8.2 1997/03/14 02:29:44 vixie Exp $ +.Dd December 15, 1994 +.Dt HOST @CMD_EXT_U@ +.Os BSD 4 +.Sh NAME +.Nm host +.Nd look up host names using domain server +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm host +.Op Fl l +.Op Fl v +.Op Fl w +.Op Fl r +.Op Fl d +.Op Fl t Ar querytype +.Op Fl a +.Ar host +.Op Ar server +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Ic Host +looks for information about Internet hosts. It gets this information +from a set of interconnected servers that are spread across the +country. By default, it simply converts between host names and +Internet addresses. However, with the +.Dq Fl t +or +.Dq Fl a +options, it can be used +to find all of the information about this host that is maintained +by the domain server. +.Pp +The arguments can be either host names or host numbers. The program +first attempts to interpret them as host numbers. If this fails, +it will treat them as host names. A host number consists of +first decimal numbers separated by dots, e.g. 128.6.4.194 +A host name consists of names separated by dots, e.g. topaz.rutgers.edu. +Unless the name ends in a dot, the local domain +is automatically tacked on the end. Thus, a Rutgers user can say +.Pp +.D1 Ic host topaz +.Pp +and it will actually look up "topaz.rutgers.edu". +If this fails, the name is tried unchanged (in this case, "topaz"). +This same convention is used for mail and other network utilities. +The actual suffix to tack on the end is obtained +by looking at the results of a +.Xr hostname @CMD_EXT@ +call, and using everything +starting at the first dot. (See below for a description of +.Sx CUSTOMIZING HOST NAME LOOKUP . ) +.Pp +The first argument is the host name you want to look up. +If this is a number, an +.Dq inverse query +is done, i.e. the domain +system looks in a separate set of databases used to convert numbers +to names. +.Pp +The second argument is optional. It +allows you to specify a particular server to query. If you don't +specify this argument, the default server (normally the local machine) +is used. +.Pp +If a name is specified, you may see output of three different kinds. +Here is an example that shows all of them: +.Pp +.D1 Ic % host sun4 +.Dl sun4.rutgers.edu is a nickname for ATHOS.RUTGERS.EDU +.Dl ATHOS.RUTGERS.EDU has address 128.6.5.46 +.Dl ATHOS.RUTGERS.EDU has address 128.6.4.4 +.Dl ATHOS.RUTGERS.EDU mail is handled by ARAMIS.RUTGERS.EDU +.Pp +The user has typed the command +.Dq Ic host sun4 . +The first line indicates that the name +.Dq Li sun4.rutgers.edu +is actually a nickname. The official host name is +.Dq Li ATHOS.RUTGERS.EDU . +The next two lines show the +address. If a system has more than one network interface, there +will be a separate address for each. The last line indicates +that +.Li ATHOS.RUTGERS.EDU +does not receive its own mail. Mail for +it is taken by +.Li ARAMIS.RUTGERS.EDU . +There may be more than one +such line, since some systems have more than one other system +that will handle mail for them. Technically, every system that +can receive mail is supposed to have an entry of this kind. If +the system receives its own mail, there should be an entry +the mentions the system itself; for example, +.Pp +.D1 Li XXX mail is handled by XXX +.Pp +However, many systems that receive +their own mail do not bother to mention that fact. If a system +has a +.Dq Li mail is handled by +entry, but no address, this indicates +that it is not really part of the Internet, but a system that is +on the network will forward mail to it. Systems on Usenet, Bitnet, +and a number of other networks have entries of this kind. +.Sh OPTIONS +There are a number of options that can be used before the +host name. Most of these options are meaningful only to the +staff who have to maintain the domain database. +.Bl -tag -width Fl +.It Fl w +This causes +.Ic host +to wait forever for a response. Normally +it will time out after approximate one minute. +.It Fl v +Use "verbose" format for printout. This +is the official domain master file format, which is documented +in the man page for +.Xr @INDOT@named @SYS_OPS_EXT@ . +Without this option, output still follows +this format in general terms, but some attempt is made to make it +more intelligible to normal users. Without +.Dq Fl v , +any "a", "mx", and "cname" records +are written out as "has address", "mail is handled by", and +"is a nickname for" (respectively), and TTL and class fields are not shown. +.It Fl r +Turn off recursion in the request. +This means that the name server will return only data it has in +its own database. It will not ask other servers for more +information. +.It Fl d +Turn on debugging. Network transactions are shown in detail. +.It Fl t Ar querytype +Allows you to specify a particular +.Ar querytype +of information +to be looked up. The arguments are defined in the man page for +.Xr @INDOT@named @SYS_OPS_EXT@ . +Currently-supported types include: +.Dq Cm a , +.Dq Cm ns , +.Dq Cm md , +.Dq Cm mf , +.Dq Cm cname , +.Dq Cm soa , +.Dq Cm mb , +.Dq Cm mg , +.Dq Cm mr , +.Dq Cm null , +.Dq Cm wks , +.Dq Cm ptr , +.Dq Cm hinfo , +.Dq Cm minfo , +.Dq Cm mx , +.Dq Cm uinfo , +.Dq Cm uid , +.Dq Cm gid , +.Dq Cm unspec . +Additionally, the wildcard, which may be written +as either +.Dq Cm any +or +.Dq Cm * , +can be used to specify any (all) of the above types. +Types must be given in lower case. +Note that the default is to look first for +.Dq Cm a , +and then +.Dq Cm mx , +except that if the verbose option is turned on, the default is only +.Dq Cm a . +The +.Dq Fl t +option is particularly useful for filtering information returned by +.Ic host ; +see the explanation of the +.Dq Fl l +option, below, for more information. +.It Fl a +.Dq all ; +this is equivalent to +.Dq Fl v Fl t Cm any . +.It Fl l +List a complete domain; e.g.: +.Pp +.D1 Ic host -l rutgers.edu +.Pp +will give a listing of all hosts in the rutgers.edu domain. The +.Dq Fl t +option is used to filter what information is presented, as you +would expect. The default is address information, which also +include PTR and NS records. The command +.Pp +.D1 Ic host -l -v -t any rutgers.edu +.Pp +will give a complete download of the zone data for rutgers.edu, +in the official master file format. (However the SOA record is +listed twice, for arcane reasons.) +.Pp +.Sy NOTE: +.Dq Fl l +is implemented by +doing a complete zone transfer and then filtering out the information +the you have asked for. This command should be used only if it +is absolutely necessary. +.Sh CUSTOMIZING HOST NAME LOOKUP +In general, if the name supplied by the user does not +have any dots in it, a default domain is appended to the end. +This domain can be defined in +.Pa /etc/resolv.conf , +but is normally derived +by taking the local hostname after its first dot. The user can override +this, and specify a different default domain, using the environment +variable +.Ev LOCALDOMAIN . +In addition, the user can supply his own abbreviations for host names. +They should be in a file consisting of one line per abbreviation. +Each line contains an abbreviation, a space, and then the full +host name. The name file must be contained in the +.Ev HOSTALIASES +environment variable. +.Sh ENVIRONMENT +.Bl -tag -width "/etc/resolv.conf " -compress +.It Ev HOSTALIASES +Name of file containing +.Pq Ar host alias , full hostname +pairs. +.El +.Sh FILES +.Bl -tag -width "/etc/resolv.conf " -compress +.It Pa /etc/resolv.conf +See +.Xr resolver @FORMAT_EXT@ . +.It Ev HOSTALIASES +Name of file containing +.Pq Ar host alias , full hostname +pairs. +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr @INDOT@named @SYS_OPS_EXT@ , +.Xr resolver @FORMAT_EXT@ . +.Sh BUGS +Unexpected effects can happen when you type a name that is not +part of the local domain. Please always keep in mind the +fact that the local domain name is tacked onto the end of every +name, unless it ends in a dot. Only if this fails is the name +used unchanged. +.Pp +The +.Dq Fl l +option only tries the first name server listed for the +domain that you have requested. If this server is dead, you +may need to specify a server manually. E.g., to get a listing +of foo.edu, you could try +.Pp +.D1 Ic host -t ns foo.edu +.Pp +to get a list of all the name servers for foo.edu, and then try +.Pp +.D1 Ic host -l foo.edu xxx +.Pp +for all +.Dq Ic xxx +on the list of name servers, until you find one that works. |
