<?php
/*
	util.inc
*/
/* ====================================================================
 *	Copyright (c)  2004-2015  Electric Sheep Fencing, LLC. All rights reserved.
 *
 *  Some or all of this file is based on the m0n0wall project which is
 *  Copyright (c)  2004 Manuel Kasper (BSD 2 clause)
 *
 *	Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
 *	are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 *	1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *		this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 *	2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *		notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
 *		the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 *		distribution.
 *
 *	3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *		must display the following acknowledgment:
 *		"This product includes software developed by the pfSense Project
 *		 for use in the pfSense software distribution. (http://www.pfsense.org/).
 *
 *	4. The names "pfSense" and "pfSense Project" must not be used to
 *		 endorse or promote products derived from this software without
 *		 prior written permission. For written permission, please contact
 *		 coreteam@pfsense.org.
 *
 *	5. Products derived from this software may not be called "pfSense"
 *		nor may "pfSense" appear in their names without prior written
 *		permission of the Electric Sheep Fencing, LLC.
 *
 *	6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following
 *		acknowledgment:
 *
 *	"This product includes software developed by the pfSense Project
 *	for use in the pfSense software distribution (http://www.pfsense.org/).
 *
 *	THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE pfSense PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY
 *	EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 *	IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 *	PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE pfSense PROJECT OR
 *	ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 *	SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 *	NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 *	LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 *	HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
 *	STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 *	ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
 *	OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *	====================================================================
 *
 */

/* kill a process by pid file */
function killbypid($pidfile) {
	return sigkillbypid($pidfile, "TERM");
}

function isvalidpid($pidfile) {
	$output = "";
	if (file_exists($pidfile)) {
		exec("/bin/pgrep -nF {$pidfile}", $output, $retval);
		return (intval($retval) == 0);
	}
	return false;
}

function is_process_running($process) {
	$output = "";
	exec("/bin/pgrep -anx " . escapeshellarg($process), $output, $retval);

	return (intval($retval) == 0);
}

function isvalidproc($proc) {
	return is_process_running($proc);
}

/* sigkill a process by pid file */
/* return 1 for success and 0 for a failure */
function sigkillbypid($pidfile, $sig) {
	if (file_exists($pidfile)) {
		return mwexec("/bin/pkill " . escapeshellarg("-{$sig}") . " -F {$pidfile}", true);
	}

	return 0;
}

/* kill a process by name */
function sigkillbyname($procname, $sig) {
	if (isvalidproc($procname)) {
		return mwexec("/usr/bin/killall " . escapeshellarg("-{$sig}") . " " . escapeshellarg($procname), true);
	}
}

/* kill a process by name */
function killbyname($procname) {
	if (isvalidproc($procname)) {
		mwexec("/usr/bin/killall " . escapeshellarg($procname));
	}
}

function is_subsystem_dirty($subsystem = "") {
	global $g;

	if ($subsystem == "") {
		return false;
	}

	if (file_exists("{$g['varrun_path']}/{$subsystem}.dirty")) {
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

function mark_subsystem_dirty($subsystem = "") {
	global $g;

	if (!file_put_contents("{$g['varrun_path']}/{$subsystem}.dirty", "DIRTY")) {
		log_error(sprintf(gettext("WARNING: Could not mark subsystem: %s dirty"), $subsystem));
	}
}

function clear_subsystem_dirty($subsystem = "") {
	global $g;

	@unlink("{$g['varrun_path']}/{$subsystem}.dirty");
}

function config_lock() {
	return;
}
function config_unlock() {
	return;
}

/* lock configuration file */
function lock($lock, $op = LOCK_SH) {
	global $g, $cfglckkeyconsumers;
	if (!$lock) {
		die(gettext("WARNING: You must give a name as parameter to lock() function."));
	}
	if (!file_exists("{$g['tmp_path']}/{$lock}.lock")) {
		@touch("{$g['tmp_path']}/{$lock}.lock");
		@chmod("{$g['tmp_path']}/{$lock}.lock", 0666);
	}
	$cfglckkeyconsumers++;
	if ($fp = fopen("{$g['tmp_path']}/{$lock}.lock", "w")) {
		if (flock($fp, $op)) {
			return $fp;
		} else {
			fclose($fp);
		}
	}
}

function try_lock($lock, $timeout = 5) {
	global $g, $cfglckkeyconsumers;
	if (!$lock) {
		die(gettext("WARNING: You must give a name as parameter to try_lock() function."));
	}
	if (!file_exists("{$g['tmp_path']}/{$lock}.lock")) {
		@touch("{$g['tmp_path']}/{$lock}.lock");
		@chmod("{$g['tmp_path']}/{$lock}.lock", 0666);
	}
	$cfglckkeyconsumers++;
	if ($fp = fopen("{$g['tmp_path']}/{$lock}.lock", "w")) {
		$trycounter = 0;
		while (!flock($fp, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)) {
			if ($trycounter >= $timeout) {
				fclose($fp);
				return NULL;
			}
			sleep(1);
			$trycounter++;
		}

		return $fp;
	}

	return NULL;
}

/* unlock configuration file */
function unlock($cfglckkey = 0) {
	global $g, $cfglckkeyconsumers;
	flock($cfglckkey, LOCK_UN);
	fclose($cfglckkey);
	return;
}

/* unlock forcefully configuration file */
function unlock_force($lock) {
	global $g;

	@unlink("{$g['tmp_path']}/{$lock}.lock");
}

function send_event($cmd) {
	global $g;

	if (!isset($g['event_address'])) {
		$g['event_address'] = "unix:///var/run/check_reload_status";
	}

	$try = 0;
	while ($try < 3) {
		$fd = @fsockopen($g['event_address']);
		if ($fd) {
			fwrite($fd, $cmd);
			$resp = fread($fd, 4096);
			if ($resp != "OK\n") {
				log_error("send_event: sent {$cmd} got {$resp}");
			}
			fclose($fd);
			$try = 3;
		} else if (!is_process_running("check_reload_status")) {
			mwexec_bg("/usr/bin/nice -n20 /usr/local/sbin/check_reload_status");
		}
		$try++;
	}
}

function send_multiple_events($cmds) {
	global $g;

	if (!isset($g['event_address'])) {
		$g['event_address'] = "unix:///var/run/check_reload_status";
	}

	if (!is_array($cmds)) {
		return;
	}

	while ($try < 3) {
		$fd = @fsockopen($g['event_address']);
		if ($fd) {
			foreach ($cmds as $cmd) {
				fwrite($fd, $cmd);
				$resp = fread($fd, 4096);
				if ($resp != "OK\n") {
					log_error("send_event: sent {$cmd} got {$resp}");
				}
			}
			fclose($fd);
			$try = 3;
		} else if (!is_process_running("check_reload_status")) {
			mwexec_bg("/usr/bin/nice -n20 /usr/local/sbin/check_reload_status");
		}
		$try++;
	}
}

function refcount_init($reference) {
	$shmid = @shmop_open($reference, "c", 0644, 10);
	@shmop_write($shmid, str_pad("0", 10, "\x0", STR_PAD_RIGHT), 0);
	@shmop_close($shmid);
}

function refcount_reference($reference) {
	/* Take out a lock across the shared memory read, increment, write sequence to make it atomic. */
	$shm_lck = lock("shm{$reference}", LOCK_EX);
	try {
		/* NOTE: A warning is generated when shared memory does not exist */
		$shmid = @shmop_open($reference, "w", 0, 0);
		if (!$shmid) {
			refcount_init($reference);
			$shmid = @shmop_open($reference, "w", 0, 0);
			if (!$shmid) {
				log_error(gettext("Could not open shared memory {$reference}"));
				unlock($shm_lck);
				return;
			}
		}
		$shm_data = @shmop_read($shmid, 0, 10);
		$shm_data = intval($shm_data) + 1;
		@shmop_write($shmid, str_pad($shm_data, 10, "\x0", STR_PAD_RIGHT), 0);
		@shmop_close($shmid);
		unlock($shm_lck);
	} catch (Exception $e) {
		log_error($e->getMessage());
		unlock($shm_lck);
	}

	return $shm_data;
}

function refcount_unreference($reference) {
	/* Take out a lock across the shared memory read, decrement, write sequence to make it atomic. */
	$shm_lck = lock("shm{$reference}", LOCK_EX);
	try {
		$shmid = @shmop_open($reference, "w", 0, 0);
		if (!$shmid) {
			refcount_init($reference);
			log_error(gettext("Could not open shared memory {$reference}"));
			unlock($shm_lck);
			return;
		}
		$shm_data = @shmop_read($shmid, 0, 10);
		$shm_data = intval($shm_data) - 1;
		if ($shm_data < 0) {
			//debug_backtrace();
			log_error(sprintf(gettext("Reference %s is going negative, not doing unreference."), $reference));
		} else {
			@shmop_write($shmid, str_pad($shm_data, 10, "\x0", STR_PAD_RIGHT), 0);
		}
		@shmop_close($shmid);
		unlock($shm_lck);
	} catch (Exception $e) {
		log_error($e->getMessage());
		unlock($shm_lck);
	}

	return $shm_data;
}

function refcount_read($reference) {
	/* This function just reads the current value of the refcount for information. */
	/* There is no need for locking. */
	$shmid = @shmop_open($reference, "a", 0, 0);
	if (!$shmid) {
		log_error(gettext("Could not open shared memory for read {$reference}"));
		return -1;
	}
	$shm_data = @shmop_read($shmid, 0, 10);
	@shmop_close($shmid);
	return $shm_data;
}

function is_module_loaded($module_name) {
	$module_name = str_replace(".ko", "", $module_name);
	$running = 0;
	$_gb = exec("/sbin/kldstat -qn {$module_name} 2>&1", $_gb, $running);
	if (intval($running) == 0) {
		return true;
	} else {
		return false;
	}
}

/* validate non-negative numeric string, or equivalent numeric variable */
function is_numericint($arg) {
	return (((is_int($arg) && $arg >= 0) || (is_string($arg) && strlen($arg) > 0 && ctype_digit($arg))) ? true : false);
}

/* Generate the (human readable) ipv4 or ipv6 subnet address (i.e., netmask, or subnet start IP)
   given an (human readable) ipv4 or ipv6 host address and subnet bit count */
function gen_subnet($ipaddr, $bits) {
	if (($sn = gen_subnetv6($ipaddr, $bits)) == '') {
		$sn = gen_subnetv4($ipaddr, $bits);  // try to avoid rechecking IPv4/v6
	}
	return $sn;
}

/* same as gen_subnet() but accepts IPv4 only */
function gen_subnetv4($ipaddr, $bits) {
	if (is_ipaddrv4($ipaddr) && is_numericint($bits) && $bits <= 32) {
		if ($bits == 0) {
			return '0.0.0.0';  // avoids <<32
		}
		return long2ip(ip2long($ipaddr) & ((0xFFFFFFFF << (32 - $bits)) & 0xFFFFFFFF));
	}
	return "";
}

/* same as gen_subnet() but accepts IPv6 only */
function gen_subnetv6($ipaddr, $bits) {
	if (is_ipaddrv6($ipaddr) && is_numericint($bits) && $bits <= 128) {
		return Net_IPv6::compress(Net_IPv6::getNetmask($ipaddr, $bits));
	}
	return "";
}

/* Generate the (human readable) ipv4 or ipv6 subnet end address (i.e., highest address, end IP, or IPv4 broadcast address)
   given an (human readable) ipv4 or ipv6 host address and subnet bit count. */
function gen_subnet_max($ipaddr, $bits) {
	if (($sn = gen_subnetv6_max($ipaddr, $bits)) == '') {
		$sn = gen_subnetv4_max($ipaddr, $bits);  // try to avoid rechecking IPv4/v6
	}
	return $sn;
}

/* same as gen_subnet_max() but validates IPv4 only */
function gen_subnetv4_max($ipaddr, $bits) {
	if (is_ipaddrv4($ipaddr) && is_numericint($bits) && $bits <= 32) {
		if ($bits == 32) {
			return $ipaddr;
		}
		return long2ip32(ip2long($ipaddr) | (~gen_subnet_mask_long($bits) & 0xFFFFFFFF));
	}
	return "";
}

/* same as gen_subnet_max() but validates IPv6 only */
function gen_subnetv6_max($ipaddr, $bits) {
	if (is_ipaddrv6($ipaddr) && is_numericint($bits) && $bits <= 128) {
		$endip_bin = substr(Net_IPv6::_ip2Bin($ipaddr), 0, $bits) . str_repeat('1', 128 - $bits);
		return Net_IPv6::compress(Net_IPv6::_bin2Ip($endip_bin));
	}
	return "";
}

/* returns a subnet mask (long given a bit count) */
function gen_subnet_mask_long($bits) {
	$sm = 0;
	for ($i = 0; $i < $bits; $i++) {
		$sm >>= 1;
		$sm |= 0x80000000;
	}
	return $sm;
}

/* same as above but returns a string */
function gen_subnet_mask($bits) {
	return long2ip(gen_subnet_mask_long($bits));
}

/* Convert long int to IPv4 address
   Returns '' if not valid IPv4 (including if any bits >32 are non-zero) */
function long2ip32($ip) {
	return long2ip($ip & 0xFFFFFFFF);
}

/* Convert IPv4 address to long int, truncated to 32-bits to avoid sign extension on 64-bit platforms.
   Returns '' if not valid IPv4. */
function ip2long32($ip) {
	return (ip2long($ip) & 0xFFFFFFFF);
}

/* Convert IPv4 address to unsigned long int.
   Returns '' if not valid IPv4. */
function ip2ulong($ip) {
	return sprintf("%u", ip2long32($ip));
}

/* Find out how many IPs are contained within a given IP range
 *  e.g. 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.0.255 returns 256
 */
function ip_range_size_v4($startip, $endip) {
	if (is_ipaddrv4($startip) && is_ipaddrv4($endip)) {
		// Operate as unsigned long because otherwise it wouldn't work
		//   when crossing over from 127.255.255.255 / 128.0.0.0 barrier
		return abs(ip2ulong($startip) - ip2ulong($endip)) + 1;
	}
	return -1;
}

/* Find the smallest possible subnet mask which can contain a given number of IPs
 *  e.g. 512 IPs can fit in a /23, but 513 IPs need a /22
 */
function find_smallest_cidr_v4($number) {
	$smallest = 1;
	for ($b=32; $b > 0; $b--) {
		$smallest = ($number <= pow(2, $b)) ? $b : $smallest;
	}
	return (32-$smallest);
}

/* Return the previous IP address before the given address */
function ip_before($ip, $offset = 1) {
	return long2ip32(ip2long($ip) - $offset);
}

/* Return the next IP address after the given address */
function ip_after($ip, $offset = 1) {
	return long2ip32(ip2long($ip) + $offset);
}

/* Return true if the first IP is 'before' the second */
function ip_less_than($ip1, $ip2) {
	// Compare as unsigned long because otherwise it wouldn't work when
	//   crossing over from 127.255.255.255 / 128.0.0.0 barrier
	return ip2ulong($ip1) < ip2ulong($ip2);
}

/* Return true if the first IP is 'after' the second */
function ip_greater_than($ip1, $ip2) {
	// Compare as unsigned long because otherwise it wouldn't work
	//   when crossing over from 127.255.255.255 / 128.0.0.0 barrier
	return ip2ulong($ip1) > ip2ulong($ip2);
}

/* compare two IP addresses */
function ipcmp($a, $b) {
	if (ip_less_than($a, $b)) {
		return -1;
	} else if (ip_greater_than($a, $b)) {
		return 1;
	} else {
		return 0;
	}
}

/* Convert a range of IPv4 addresses to an array of individual addresses. */
/* Note: IPv6 ranges are not yet supported here. */
function ip_range_to_address_array($startip, $endip, $max_size = 5000) {
	if (!is_ipaddrv4($startip) || !is_ipaddrv4($endip)) {
		return false;
	}

	if (ip_greater_than($startip, $endip)) {
		// Swap start and end so we can process sensibly.
		$temp = $startip;
		$startip = $endip;
		$endip = $temp;
	}

	if (ip_range_size_v4($startip, $endip) > $max_size) {
		return false;
	}

	// Container for IP addresses within this range.
	$rangeaddresses = array();
	$end_int = ip2ulong($endip);
	for ($ip_int = ip2ulong($startip); $ip_int <= $end_int; $ip_int++) {
		$rangeaddresses[] = long2ip($ip_int);
	}

	return $rangeaddresses;
}

/* 	Convert an IPv4 or IPv6 IP range to an array of subnets which can contain the range.
	Algorithm and embodying code PD'ed by Stilez - enjoy as you like :-)

	Documented on pfsense dev list 19-20 May 2013. Summary:

	The algorithm looks at patterns of 0's and 1's in the least significant bit(s), whether IPv4 or IPv6.
	These are all that needs checking to identify a _guaranteed_ correct, minimal and optimal subnet array.

	As a result, string/binary pattern matching of the binary IP is very efficient. It uses just 2 pattern-matching rules
	to chop off increasingly larger subnets at both ends that can't be part of larger subnets, until nothing's left.

	(a) If any range has EITHER low bit 1 (in startip) or 0 (in endip), that end-point is _always guaranteed_ to be optimally
	represented by its own 'single IP' CIDR; the remaining range then shrinks by one IP up or down, causing the new end-point's
	low bit to change from 1->0 (startip) or 0->1 (endip). Only one edge case needs checking: if a range contains exactly 2
	adjacent IPs of this format, then the two IPs themselves are required to span it, and we're done.
	Once this rule is applied, the remaining range is _guaranteed_ to end in 0's and 1's so rule (b) can now be used, and its
	low bits can now be ignored.

	(b) If any range has BOTH startip and endip ending in some number of 0's and 1's respectively, these low bits can
	*always* be ignored and "bit-shifted" for subnet spanning. So provided we remember the bits we've place-shifted, we can
	_always_ right-shift and chop off those bits, leaving a smaller range that has EITHER startip ending in 1 or endip ending
	in 0 (ie can now apply (a) again) or the entire range has vanished and we're done.
	We then loop to redo (a) again on the remaining (place shifted) range until after a few loops, the remaining (place shifted)
	range 'vanishes' by meeting the exit criteria of (a) or (b), and we're done.
*/

function ip_range_to_subnet_array($ip1, $ip2) {

	if (is_ipaddrv4($ip1) && is_ipaddrv4($ip2)) {
		$proto = 'ipv4';  // for clarity
		$bits = 32;
		$ip1bin = decbin(ip2long32($ip1));
		$ip2bin = decbin(ip2long32($ip2));
	} elseif (is_ipaddrv6($ip1) && is_ipaddrv6($ip2)) {
		$proto = 'ipv6';
		$bits = 128;
		$ip1bin = Net_IPv6::_ip2Bin($ip1);
		$ip2bin = Net_IPv6::_ip2Bin($ip2);
	} else {
		return array();
	}

	// it's *crucial* that binary strings are guaranteed the expected length;  do this for certainty even though for IPv6 it's redundant
	$ip1bin = str_pad($ip1bin, $bits, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
	$ip2bin = str_pad($ip2bin, $bits, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);

	if ($ip1bin == $ip2bin) {
		return array($ip1 . '/' . $bits); // exit if ip1=ip2 (trivial case)
	}

	if ($ip1bin > $ip2bin) {
		list ($ip1bin, $ip2bin) = array($ip2bin, $ip1bin);  // swap if needed (ensures ip1 < ip2)
	}

	$rangesubnets = array();
	$netsize = 0;

	do {
		// at loop start, $ip1 is guaranteed strictly less than $ip2 (important for edge case trapping and preventing accidental binary wrapround)
		// which means the assignments $ip1 += 1 and $ip2 -= 1 will always be "binary-wrapround-safe"

		// step #1 if start ip (as shifted) ends in any '1's, then it must have a single cidr to itself (any cidr would include the '0' below it)

		if (substr($ip1bin, -1, 1) == '1') {
			// the start ip must be in a separate one-IP cidr range
			$new_subnet_ip = substr($ip1bin, $netsize, $bits - $netsize) . str_repeat('0', $netsize);
			$rangesubnets[$new_subnet_ip] = $bits - $netsize;
			$n = strrpos($ip1bin, '0');  //can't be all 1's
			$ip1bin = ($n == 0 ? '' : substr($ip1bin, 0, $n)) . '1' . str_repeat('0', $bits - $n - 1);  // BINARY VERSION OF $ip1 += 1
		}

		// step #2, if end ip (as shifted) ends in any zeros then that must have a cidr to itself (as cidr cant span the 1->0 gap)

		if (substr($ip2bin, -1, 1) == '0') {
			// the end ip must be in a separate one-IP cidr range
			$new_subnet_ip = substr($ip2bin, $netsize, $bits - $netsize) . str_repeat('0', $netsize);
			$rangesubnets[$new_subnet_ip] = $bits - $netsize;
			$n = strrpos($ip2bin, '1');  //can't be all 0's
			$ip2bin = ($n == 0 ? '' : substr($ip2bin, 0, $n)) . '0' . str_repeat('1', $bits - $n - 1);  // BINARY VERSION OF $ip2 -= 1
			// already checked for the edge case where end = start+1 and start ends in 0x1, above, so it's safe
		}

		// this is the only edge case arising from increment/decrement.
		// it happens if the range at start of loop is exactly 2 adjacent ips, that spanned the 1->0 gap. (we will have enumerated both by now)

		if ($ip2bin < $ip1bin) {
			continue;
		}

		// step #3 the start and end ip MUST now end in '0's and '1's respectively
		// so we have a non-trivial range AND the last N bits are no longer important for CIDR purposes.

		$shift = $bits - max(strrpos($ip1bin, '0'), strrpos($ip2bin, '1'));  // num of low bits which are '0' in ip1 and '1' in ip2
		$ip1bin = str_repeat('0', $shift) . substr($ip1bin, 0, $bits - $shift);
		$ip2bin = str_repeat('0', $shift) . substr($ip2bin, 0, $bits - $shift);
		$netsize += $shift;
		if ($ip1bin == $ip2bin) {
			// we're done.
			$new_subnet_ip = substr($ip1bin, $netsize, $bits - $netsize) . str_repeat('0', $netsize);
			$rangesubnets[$new_subnet_ip] = $bits - $netsize;
			continue;
		}

		// at this point there's still a remaining range, and either startip ends with '1', or endip ends with '0'. So repeat cycle.
	} while ($ip1bin < $ip2bin);

	// subnets are ordered by bit size. Re sort by IP ("naturally") and convert back to IPv4/IPv6

	ksort($rangesubnets, SORT_STRING);
	$out = array();

	foreach ($rangesubnets as $ip => $netmask) {
		if ($proto == 'ipv4') {
			$i = str_split($ip, 8);
			$out[] = implode('.', array(bindec($i[0]), bindec($i[1]), bindec($i[2]), bindec($i[3]))) . '/' . $netmask;
		} else {
			$out[] = Net_IPv6::compress(Net_IPv6::_bin2Ip($ip)) . '/' . $netmask;
		}
	}

	return $out;
}

/* returns true if $range is a valid pair of IPv4 or IPv6 addresses separated by a "-"
	false - if not a valid pair
	true (numeric 4 or 6) - if valid, gives type of addresses */
function is_iprange($range) {
	if (substr_count($range, '-') != 1) {
		return false;
	}
	list($ip1, $ip2) = explode ('-', $range);
	if (is_ipaddrv4($ip1) && is_ipaddrv4($ip2)) {
		return 4;
	}
	if (is_ipaddrv6($ip1) && is_ipaddrv6($ip2)) {
		return 6;
	}
	return false;
}

/* returns true if $ipaddr is a valid dotted IPv4 address or a IPv6
	false - not valid
	true (numeric 4 or 6) - if valid, gives type of address */
function is_ipaddr($ipaddr) {
	if (is_ipaddrv4($ipaddr)) {
		return 4;
	}
	if (is_ipaddrv6($ipaddr)) {
		return 6;
	}
	return false;
}

/* returns true if $ipaddr is a valid IPv6 address */
function is_ipaddrv6($ipaddr) {
	if (!is_string($ipaddr) || empty($ipaddr)) {
		return false;
	}
	if (strstr($ipaddr, "%") && is_linklocal($ipaddr)) {
		$tmpip = explode("%", $ipaddr);
		$ipaddr = $tmpip[0];
	}
	return Net_IPv6::checkIPv6($ipaddr);
}

/* returns true if $ipaddr is a valid dotted IPv4 address */
function is_ipaddrv4($ipaddr) {
	if (!is_string($ipaddr) || empty($ipaddr) || ip2long($ipaddr) === FALSE) {
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

/* returns true if $ipaddr is a valid IPv6 linklocal address */
function is_linklocal($ipaddr) {
	return (strtolower(substr($ipaddr, 0, 5)) == "fe80:");
}

/* returns scope of a linklocal address */
function get_ll_scope($addr) {
	if (!is_linklocal($addr) || !strstr($addr, "%")) {
		return "";
	}
	list ($ll, $scope) = explode("%", $addr);
	return $scope;
}

/* returns true if $ipaddr is a valid literal IPv6 address */
function is_literalipaddrv6($ipaddr) {
	if (preg_match("/\[([0-9a-f:]+)\]/i", $ipaddr, $match)) {
		$ipaddr = $match[1];
	} else {
		return false;
	}

	return is_ipaddrv6($ipaddr);
}

/* returns true if $iport is a valid IPv4/IPv6 address + port
	false - not valid
	true (numeric 4 or 6) - if valid, gives type of address */
function is_ipaddrwithport($ipport) {
	$c = strrpos($ipport, ":");
	if ($c === false) {
		return false;  // can't split at final colon if no colon exists
	}

	if (!is_port(substr($ipport, $c + 1))) {
		return false;  // no valid port after last colon
	}

	$ip = substr($ipport, 0, $c);  // else is text before last colon a valid IP
	if (is_literalipaddrv6($ip)) {
		return 6;
	} elseif (is_ipaddrv4($ip)) {
		return 4;
	} else {
		return false;
	}
}

function is_hostnamewithport($hostport) {
	$parts = explode(":", $hostport);
	$port = array_pop($parts);
	if (count($parts) == 1) {
		return is_hostname($parts[0]) && is_port($port);
	} else {
		return false;
	}
}

/* returns true if $ipaddr is a valid dotted IPv4 address or an alias thereof */
function is_ipaddroralias($ipaddr) {
	global $config;

	if (is_alias($ipaddr)) {
		if (is_array($config['aliases']['alias'])) {
			foreach ($config['aliases']['alias'] as $alias) {
				if ($alias['name'] == $ipaddr && !preg_match("/port/i", $alias['type'])) {
					return true;
				}
			}
		}
		return false;
	} else {
		return is_ipaddr($ipaddr);
	}

}

/* returns true if $subnet is a valid IPv4 or IPv6 subnet in CIDR format
	false - if not a valid subnet
	true (numeric 4 or 6) - if valid, gives type of subnet */
function is_subnet($subnet) {
	if (is_string($subnet) && preg_match('/^(?:([0-9.]{7,15})|([0-9a-f:]{2,39}))\/(\d{1,3})$/i', $subnet, $parts)) {
		if (is_ipaddrv4($parts[1]) && $parts[3] <= 32) {
			return 4;
		}
		if (is_ipaddrv6($parts[2]) && $parts[3] <= 128) {
			return 6;
		}
	}
	return false;
}

/* same as is_subnet() but accepts IPv4 only */
function is_subnetv4($subnet) {
	return (is_subnet($subnet) == 4);
}

/* same as is_subnet() but accepts IPv6 only */
function is_subnetv6($subnet) {
	return (is_subnet($subnet) == 6);
}

/* returns true if $subnet is a valid subnet in CIDR format or an alias thereof */
function is_subnetoralias($subnet) {
	global $aliastable;

	if (isset($aliastable[$subnet]) && is_subnet($aliastable[$subnet])) {
		return true;
	} else {
		return is_subnet($subnet);
	}
}

function subnet_size($subnet) {
	if (is_subnetv4($subnet)) {
		list ($ip, $bits) = explode("/", $subnet);
		return round(exp(log(2) * (32 - $bits)));
	} else if (is_subnetv6($subnet)) {
		list ($ip, $bits) = explode("/", $subnet);
		return round(exp(log(2) * (128 - $bits)));
	} else {
		return 0;
	}
}


function subnet_expand($subnet) {
	if (is_subnetv4($subnet)) {
		return subnetv4_expand($subnet);
	} else if (is_subnetv6($subnet)) {
		return subnetv6_expand($subnet);
	} else {
		return $subnet;
	}
}

function subnetv4_expand($subnet) {
	$result = array();
	list ($ip, $bits) = explode("/", $subnet);
	$net = ip2long($ip);
	$mask = (0xffffffff << (32 - $bits));
	$net &= $mask;
	$size = round(exp(log(2) * (32 - $bits)));
	for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i += 1) {
		$result[] = long2ip($net | $i);
	}
	return $result;
}

/* find out whether two IPv4/IPv6 CIDR subnets overlap.
   Note: CIDR overlap implies one is identical or included so largest sn will be the same */
function check_subnets_overlap($subnet1, $bits1, $subnet2, $bits2) {
	if (is_ipaddrv4($subnet1)) {
		return check_subnetsv4_overlap($subnet1, $bits1, $subnet2, $bits2);
	} else {
		return check_subnetsv6_overlap($subnet1, $bits1, $subnet2, $bits2);
	}
}

/* find out whether two IPv4 CIDR subnets overlap.
   Note: CIDR overlap means sn1/sn2 are identical or one is included in other. So sn using largest $bits will be the same  */
function check_subnetsv4_overlap($subnet1, $bits1, $subnet2, $bits2) {
	$largest_sn = min($bits1, $bits2);
	$subnetv4_start1 = gen_subnetv4($subnet1, $largest_sn);
	$subnetv4_start2 = gen_subnetv4($subnet2, $largest_sn);
	
	if($subnetv4_start1 == '' || $subnetv4_start2 == '') {
		// One or both args is not a valid IPv4 subnet
		//FIXME: needs to return "bad data" not true/false if bad. For now return false, best we can do until fixed
		return false;
	}
	return ($subnetv4_start1 == $subnetv4_start2);
}

/* find out whether two IPv6 CIDR subnets overlap.
   Note: CIDR overlap means sn1/sn2 are identical or one is included in other. So sn using largest $bits will be the same  */
function check_subnetsv6_overlap($subnet1, $bits1, $subnet2, $bits2) {
	$largest_sn = min($bits1, $bits2);
	$subnetv6_start1 = gen_subnetv6($subnet1, $largest_sn);
	$subnetv6_start2 = gen_subnetv6($subnet2, $largest_sn);
	
	if($subnetv6_start1 == '' || $subnetv6_start2 == '') {
		// One or both args is not a valid IPv6 subnet
		//FIXME: needs to return "bad data" not true/false if bad. For now return false, best we can do until fixed
		return false;
	}
	return ($subnetv6_start1 == $subnetv6_start2);
}

/* return true if $addr is in $subnet, false if not */
function ip_in_subnet($addr, $subnet) {
	if (is_ipaddrv6($addr) && is_subnetv6($subnet)) {
		return (Net_IPv6::isInNetmask($addr, $subnet));
	} else if (is_ipaddrv4($addr) && is_subnetv4($subnet)) {
		list($ip, $mask) = explode('/', $subnet);
		$mask = (0xffffffff << (32 - $mask)) & 0xffffffff;
		return ((ip2long($addr) & $mask) == (ip2long($ip) & $mask));
	}
	return false;
}

/* returns true if $hostname is just a valid hostname (top part without any of the domain part) */
function is_unqualified_hostname($hostname) {
	if (!is_string($hostname)) {
		return false;
	}

	if (preg_match('/^(?:[a-z0-9_]|[a-z0-9_][a-z0-9_\-]*[a-z0-9_])$/i', $hostname)) {
		return true;
	} else {
		return false;
	}
}

/* returns true if $hostname is a valid hostname, with or without being a fully-qualified domain name. */
function is_hostname($hostname, $allow_wildcard=false) {
	if (!is_string($hostname)) {
		return false;
	}

	if (is_domain($hostname, $allow_wildcard)) {
		if ((substr_count($hostname, ".") == 1) && ($hostname[strlen($hostname)-1] == ".")) {
			/* Only a single dot at the end like "test." - hosts cannot be directly in the root domain. */
			return false;
		} else {
			return true;
		}
	} else {
		return false;
	}
}

/* returns true if $domain is a valid domain name */
function is_domain($domain, $allow_wildcard=false) {
	if (!is_string($domain)) {
		return false;
	}
	if ($allow_wildcard) {
		$domain_regex = '/^(?:(?:[a-z_0-9\*]|[a-z_0-9][a-z_0-9\-]*[a-z_0-9])\.)*(?:[a-z_0-9]|[a-z_0-9][a-z_0-9\-]*[a-z_0-9\.])$/i';
	} else {
		$domain_regex = '/^(?:(?:[a-z_0-9]|[a-z_0-9][a-z_0-9\-]*[a-z_0-9])\.)*(?:[a-z_0-9]|[a-z_0-9][a-z_0-9\-]*[a-z_0-9\.])$/i';
	}

	if (preg_match($domain_regex, $domain)) {
		return true;
	} else {
		return false;
	}
}

/* returns true if $macaddr is a valid MAC address */
function is_macaddr($macaddr, $partial=false) {
	$repeat = ($partial) ? '1,5' : '5';
	return preg_match('/^[0-9A-F]{2}(?:[:][0-9A-F]{2}){'.$repeat.'}$/i', $macaddr) == 1 ? true : false;
}

/* returns true if $name is a valid name for an alias
   returns NULL if a reserved word is used
   returns FALSE for bad chars in the name - this allows calling code to determine what the problem was.
   aliases cannot be:
	bad chars: anything except a-z 0-9 and underscore
	bad names: empty string, pure numeric, pure underscore
	reserved words: pre-defined service/protocol/port names which should not be ambiguous, and the words "port" and  "pass" */

function is_validaliasname($name) {
	/* Array of reserved words */
	$reserved = array("port", "pass");

	if (!is_string($name) || strlen($name) >= 32 || preg_match('/(^_*$|^\d*$|[^a-z0-9_])/i', $name)) {
		return false;
	}
	if (in_array($name, $reserved, true) || getservbyname($name, "tcp") || getservbyname($name, "udp") || getprotobyname($name)) {
		return; /* return NULL */
	}
	return true;
}

/* returns true if $port is a valid TCP/UDP port */
function is_port($port) {
	if (ctype_digit($port) && ((intval($port) >= 1) && (intval($port) <= 65535))) {
		return true;
	}
	if (getservbyname($port, "tcp") || getservbyname($port, "udp")) {
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}

/* returns true if $portrange is a valid TCP/UDP portrange ("<port>:<port>") */
function is_portrange($portrange) {
	$ports = explode(":", $portrange);

	return (count($ports) == 2 && is_port($ports[0]) && is_port($ports[1]));
}

/* returns true if $port is a valid port number or an alias thereof */
function is_portoralias($port) {
	global $config;

	if (is_alias($port)) {
		if (is_array($config['aliases']['alias'])) {
			foreach ($config['aliases']['alias'] as $alias) {
				if ($alias['name'] == $port && preg_match("/port/i", $alias['type'])) {
					return true;
				}
			}
		}
		return false;
	} else {
		return is_port($port);
	}
}

/* create ranges of sequential port numbers (200:215) and remove duplicates */
function group_ports($ports) {
	if (!is_array($ports) || empty($ports)) {
		return;
	}

	$uniq = array();
	foreach ($ports as $port) {
		if (is_portrange($port)) {
			list($begin, $end) = explode(":", $port);
			if ($begin > $end) {
				$aux = $begin;
				$begin = $end;
				$end = $aux;
			}
			for ($i = $begin; $i <= $end; $i++) {
				if (!in_array($i, $uniq)) {
					$uniq[] = $i;
				}
			}
		} else if (is_port($port)) {
			if (!in_array($port, $uniq)) {
				$uniq[] = $port;
			}
		}
	}
	sort($uniq, SORT_NUMERIC);

	$result = array();
	foreach ($uniq as $idx => $port) {
		if ($idx == 0) {
			$result[] = $port;
			continue;
		}

		$last = end($result);
		if (is_portrange($last)) {
			list($begin, $end) = explode(":", $last);
		} else {
			$begin = $end = $last;
		}

		if ($port == ($end+1)) {
			$end++;
			$result[count($result)-1] = "{$begin}:{$end}";
		} else {
			$result[] = $port;
		}
	}

	return $result;
}

/* returns true if $val is a valid shaper bandwidth value */
function is_valid_shaperbw($val) {
	return (preg_match("/^(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)([MKG]?b|%)$/", $val));
}

/* returns true if $test is in the range between $start and $end */
function is_inrange_v4($test, $start, $end) {
	if ((ip2ulong($test) <= ip2ulong($end)) && (ip2ulong($test) >= ip2ulong($start))) {
		return true;
	} else {
		return false;
	}
}

/* returns true if $test is in the range between $start and $end */
function is_inrange_v6($test, $start, $end) {
	if ((inet_pton($test) <= inet_pton($end)) && (inet_pton($test) >= inet_pton($start))) {
		return true;
	} else {
		return false;
	}
}

/* returns true if $test is in the range between $start and $end */
function is_inrange($test, $start, $end) {
	return is_ipaddrv6($test) ? is_inrange_v6($test, $start, $end) : is_inrange_v4($test, $start, $end);
}

/* XXX: return the configured carp interface list */
function get_configured_carp_interface_list($carpinterface = '', $family = 'inet', $what = 'ip') {
	global $config;

	$iflist = array();

	if (!is_array($config['virtualip']['vip']) || empty($config['virtualip']['vip'])) {
		return $iflist;
	}

	$viparr = &$config['virtualip']['vip'];
	foreach ($viparr as $vip) {
		if ($vip['mode'] != "carp") {
			continue;
		}

		if (empty($carpinterface)) {
			$iflist["_vip{$vip['uniqid']}"] = $vip['subnet'];
			continue;
		}

		if ($carpinterface != "_vip{$vip['uniqid']}") {
			continue;
		}

		switch ($what) {
			case 'subnet':
				if ($family == 'inet' && is_ipaddrv4($vip['subnet'])) {
					return $vip['subnet_bits'];
				} else if ($family == 'inet6' && is_ipaddrv6($vip['subnet'])) {
					return $vip['subnet_bits'];
				}
				break;
			case 'iface':
				if ($family == 'inet' && is_ipaddrv4($vip['subnet'])) {
					return $vip['interface'];
				} else if ($family == 'inet6' && is_ipaddrv6($vip['subnet'])) {
					return $vip['interface'];
				}
				break;
			case 'vip':
				if ($family == 'inet' && is_ipaddrv4($vip['subnet'])) {
					return $vip;
				} else if ($family == 'inet6' && is_ipaddrv6($vip['subnet'])) {
					return $vip;
				}
				break;
			case 'ip':
			default:
				if ($family == 'inet' && is_ipaddrv4($vip['subnet'])) {
					return $vip['subnet'];
				} else if ($family == 'inet6' && is_ipaddrv6($vip['subnet'])) {
					return $vip['subnet'];
				}
				break;
		}
		break;
	}

	return $iflist;
}

/* return the configured IP aliases list */
function get_configured_ip_aliases_list($returnfullentry = false) {
	global $config;

	$alias_list = array();

	if (is_array($config['virtualip']['vip'])) {
		$viparr = &$config['virtualip']['vip'];
		foreach ($viparr as $vip) {
			if ($vip['mode'] == "ipalias") {
				if ($returnfullentry) {
					$alias_list[$vip['subnet']] = $vip;
				} else {
					$alias_list[$vip['subnet']] = $vip['interface'];
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return $alias_list;
}

/* return all configured aliases list (IP, carp, proxyarp and other) */
function get_configured_vips_list() {
	global $config;

	$alias_list = array();

	if (is_array($config['virtualip']['vip'])) {
		$viparr = &$config['virtualip']['vip'];
		foreach ($viparr as $vip) {
			if ($vip['mode'] == "carp") {
				$alias_list[] = array("ipaddr" => $vip['subnet'], "if" => "_vip{$vip['uniqid']}");
			} else {
				$alias_list[] = array("ipaddr" => $vip['subnet'], "if" => $vip['interface']);
			}
		}
	}

	return $alias_list;
}

/* comparison function for sorting by the order in which interfaces are normally created */
function compare_interface_friendly_names($a, $b) {
	if ($a == $b) {
		return 0;
	} else if ($a == 'wan') {
		return -1;
	} else if ($b == 'wan') {
		return 1;
	} else if ($a == 'lan') {
		return -1;
	} else if ($b == 'lan') {
		return 1;
	}

	return strnatcmp($a, $b);
}

/* return the configured interfaces list. */
function get_configured_interface_list($only_opt = false, $withdisabled = false) {
	global $config;

	$iflist = array();

	/* if list */
	foreach ($config['interfaces'] as $if => $ifdetail) {
		if ($only_opt && ($if == "wan" || $if == "lan")) {
			continue;
		}
		if (isset($ifdetail['enable']) || $withdisabled == true) {
			$iflist[$if] = $if;
		}
	}

	return $iflist;
}

/* return the configured interfaces list. */
function get_configured_interface_list_by_realif($only_opt = false, $withdisabled = false) {
	global $config;

	$iflist = array();

	/* if list */
	foreach ($config['interfaces'] as $if => $ifdetail) {
		if ($only_opt && ($if == "wan" || $if == "lan")) {
			continue;
		}
		if (isset($ifdetail['enable']) || $withdisabled == true) {
			$tmpif = get_real_interface($if);
			if (!empty($tmpif)) {
				$iflist[$tmpif] = $if;
			}
		}
	}

	return $iflist;
}

/* return the configured interfaces list with their description. */
function get_configured_interface_with_descr($only_opt = false, $withdisabled = false) {
	global $config;

	$iflist = array();

	/* if list */
	foreach ($config['interfaces'] as $if => $ifdetail) {
		if ($only_opt && ($if == "wan" || $if == "lan")) {
			continue;
		}
		if (isset($ifdetail['enable']) || $withdisabled == true) {
			if (empty($ifdetail['descr'])) {
				$iflist[$if] = strtoupper($if);
			} else {
				$iflist[$if] = strtoupper($ifdetail['descr']);
			}
		}
	}

	return $iflist;
}

/*
 *   get_configured_ip_addresses() - Return a list of all configured
 *   interfaces IP Addresses
 *
 */
function get_configured_ip_addresses() {
	global $config;

	if (!function_exists('get_interface_ip')) {
		require_once("interfaces.inc");
	}
	$ip_array = array();
	$interfaces = get_configured_interface_list();
	if (is_array($interfaces)) {
		foreach ($interfaces as $int) {
			$ipaddr = get_interface_ip($int);
			$ip_array[$int] = $ipaddr;
		}
	}
	$interfaces = get_configured_carp_interface_list();
	if (is_array($interfaces)) {
		foreach ($interfaces as $int => $ipaddr) {
			$ip_array[$int] = $ipaddr;
		}
	}

	/* pppoe server */
	if (is_array($config['pppoes']) && is_array($config['pppoes']['pppoe'])) {
		foreach ($config['pppoes']['pppoe'] as $pppoe) {
			if ($pppoe['mode'] == "server") {
				if (is_ipaddr($pppoe['localip'])) {
					$int = "pppoes". $pppoe['pppoeid'];
					$ip_array[$int] = $pppoe['localip'];
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return $ip_array;
}

/*
 *   get_configured_ipv6_addresses() - Return a list of all configured
 *   interfaces IPv6 Addresses
 *
 */
function get_configured_ipv6_addresses() {
	require_once("interfaces.inc");
	$ipv6_array = array();
	$interfaces = get_configured_interface_list();
	if (is_array($interfaces)) {
		foreach ($interfaces as $int) {
			$ipaddrv6 = get_interface_ipv6($int);
			$ipv6_array[$int] = $ipaddrv6;
		}
	}
	$interfaces = get_configured_carp_interface_list();
	if (is_array($interfaces)) {
		foreach ($interfaces as $int => $ipaddrv6) {
			$ipv6_array[$int] = $ipaddrv6;
		}
	}
	return $ipv6_array;
}

/*
 *   get_interface_list() - Return a list of all physical interfaces
 *   along with MAC and status.
 *
 *   $mode = "active" - use ifconfig -lu
 *           "media"  - use ifconfig to check physical connection
 *			status (much slower)
 */
function get_interface_list($mode = "active", $keyby = "physical", $vfaces = "") {
	global $config;
	$upints = array();
	/* get a list of virtual interface types */
	if (!$vfaces) {
		$vfaces = array(
				'bridge',
				'ppp',
				'pppoe',
				'pptp',
				'l2tp',
				'sl',
				'gif',
				'gre',
				'faith',
				'lo',
				'ng',
				'_vlan',
				'_wlan',
				'pflog',
				'plip',
				'pfsync',
				'enc',
				'tun',
				'carp',
				'lagg',
				'vip',
				'ipfw'
		);
	}
	switch ($mode) {
		case "active":
			$upints = pfSense_interface_listget(IFF_UP);
			break;
		case "media":
			$intlist = pfSense_interface_listget();
			$ifconfig = "";
			exec("/sbin/ifconfig -a", $ifconfig);
			$regexp = '/(' . implode('|', $intlist) . '):\s/';
			$ifstatus = preg_grep('/status:/', $ifconfig);
			foreach ($ifstatus as $status) {
				$int = array_shift($intlist);
				if (stristr($status, "active")) {
					$upints[] = $int;
				}
			}
			break;
		default:
			$upints = pfSense_interface_listget();
			break;
	}
	/* build interface list with netstat */
	$linkinfo = "";
	exec("/usr/bin/netstat -inW -f link | awk '{ print $1, $4 }'", $linkinfo);
	array_shift($linkinfo);
	/* build ip address list with netstat */
	$ipinfo = "";
	exec("/usr/bin/netstat -inW -f inet | awk '{ print $1, $4 }'", $ipinfo);
	array_shift($ipinfo);
	foreach ($linkinfo as $link) {
		$friendly = "";
		$alink = explode(" ", $link);
		$ifname = rtrim(trim($alink[0]), '*');
		/* trim out all numbers before checking for vfaces */
		if (!in_array(array_shift(preg_split('/\d/', $ifname)), $vfaces) &&
		    !stristr($ifname, "_vlan") && !stristr($ifname, "_wlan")) {
			$toput = array(
					"mac" => trim($alink[1]),
					"up" => in_array($ifname, $upints)
				);
			foreach ($ipinfo as $ip) {
				$aip = explode(" ", $ip);
				if ($aip[0] == $ifname) {
					$toput['ipaddr'] = $aip[1];
				}
			}
			if (is_array($config['interfaces'])) {
				foreach ($config['interfaces'] as $name => $int) {
					if ($int['if'] == $ifname) {
						$friendly = $name;
					}
				}
			}
			switch ($keyby) {
			case "physical":
				if ($friendly != "") {
					$toput['friendly'] = $friendly;
				}
				$dmesg_arr = array();
				exec("/sbin/dmesg |grep $ifname | head -n1", $dmesg_arr);
				preg_match_all("/<(.*?)>/i", $dmesg_arr[0], $dmesg);
				$toput['dmesg'] = $dmesg[1][0];
				$iflist[$ifname] = $toput;
				break;
			case "ppp":

			case "friendly":
				if ($friendly != "") {
					$toput['if'] = $ifname;
					$iflist[$friendly] = $toput;
				}
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	return $iflist;
}

/****f* util/log_error
* NAME
*   log_error  - Sends a string to syslog.
* INPUTS
*   $error     - string containing the syslog message.
* RESULT
*   null
******/
function log_error($error) {
	global $g;
	$page = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'];
	if (empty($page)) {
		$files = get_included_files();
		$page = basename($files[0]);
	}
	syslog(LOG_ERR, "$page: $error");
	if ($g['debug']) {
		syslog(LOG_WARNING, var_dump(debug_backtrace()));
	}
	return;
}

/****f* util/log_auth
* NAME
*   log_auth   - Sends a string to syslog as LOG_AUTH facility
* INPUTS
*   $error     - string containing the syslog message.
* RESULT
*   null
******/
function log_auth($error) {
	global $g;
	$page = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'];
	syslog(LOG_AUTH, "$page: $error");
	if ($g['debug']) {
		syslog(LOG_WARNING, var_dump(debug_backtrace()));
	}
	return;
}

/****f* util/exec_command
 * NAME
 *   exec_command - Execute a command and return a string of the result.
 * INPUTS
 *   $command   - String of the command to be executed.
 * RESULT
 *   String containing the command's result.
 * NOTES
 *   This function returns the command's stdout and stderr.
 ******/
function exec_command($command) {
	$output = array();
	exec($command . ' 2>&1', $output);
	return(implode("\n", $output));
}

/* wrapper for exec()
   Executes in background or foreground.
   For background execution, returns PID of background process to allow calling code control */
function mwexec($command, $nologentry = false, $clearsigmask = false, $background = false) {
	global $g;
	$retval = 0;

	if ($g['debug']) {
		if (!$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) {
			echo "mwexec(): $command" . ($background ? " [BG]":"") . "\n";
		}
	}
	if ($clearsigmask) {
		$oldset = array();
		pcntl_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, array(), $oldset);
	}

	if ($background) {
		// start background process and return PID
		$retval = exec("/usr/bin/nohup $command > /dev/null 2>&1 & echo $!");
	} else {
		// run in foreground, and (optionally) log if nonzero return
		$outputarray = array();
		exec("$command 2>&1", $outputarray, $retval);
		if (($retval <> 0) && (!$nologentry || isset($config['system']['developerspew']))) {
			log_error(sprintf(gettext("The command '%1\$s' returned exit code '%2\$d', the output was '%3\$s' "), $command, $retval, implode(" ", $outputarray)));
		}
	}

	if ($clearsigmask) {
		pcntl_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, $oldset);
	}

	return $retval;
}

/* wrapper for exec() in background */
function mwexec_bg($command, $clearsigmask = false) {
	return mwexec($command, false, $clearsigmask, true);
}

/* unlink a file, or pattern-match of a file, if it exists
   if the file/path contains glob() compatible wildcards, all matching files will be unlinked
   if no matches, no error occurs */
function unlink_if_exists($fn) {
	$to_do = glob($fn);
	if (is_array($to_do) && count($to_do) > 0) {
		@array_map("unlink", $to_do);
	} else {
		@unlink($fn);
	}
}
/* make a global alias table (for faster lookups) */
function alias_make_table($config) {
	global $aliastable;

	$aliastable = array();

	if (is_array($config['aliases']['alias'])) {
		foreach ($config['aliases']['alias'] as $alias) {
			if ($alias['name']) {
				$aliastable[$alias['name']] = $alias['address'];
			}
		}
	}
}

/* check if an alias exists */
function is_alias($name) {
	global $aliastable;

	return isset($aliastable[$name]);
}

function alias_get_type($name) {
	global $config;

	if (is_array($config['aliases']['alias'])) {
		foreach ($config['aliases']['alias'] as $alias) {
			if ($name == $alias['name']) {
				return $alias['type'];
			}
		}
	}

	return "";
}

/* expand a host or network alias, if necessary */
function alias_expand($name) {
	global $aliastable;

	if (isset($aliastable[$name])) {
		// alias names cannot be strictly numeric. redmine #4289
		if (is_numericint($name)) {
			return null;
		}
		return "\${$name}";
	} else if (is_ipaddr($name) || is_subnet($name) || is_port($name) || is_portrange($name)) {
		return "{$name}";
	} else {
		return null;
	}
}

function alias_expand_urltable($name) {
	global $config;
	$urltable_prefix = "/var/db/aliastables/";
	$urltable_filename = $urltable_prefix . $name . ".txt";

	if (is_array($config['aliases']['alias'])) {
		foreach ($config['aliases']['alias'] as $alias) {
			if (preg_match("/urltable/i", $alias['type']) && ($alias['name'] == $name)) {
				if (is_URL($alias["url"]) && file_exists($urltable_filename) && filesize($urltable_filename)) {
					return $urltable_filename;
				} else {
					send_event("service sync alias {$name}");
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return null;
}

/* obtain MAC address given an IP address by looking at the ARP table */
function arp_get_mac_by_ip($ip) {
	mwexec("/sbin/ping -c 1 -t 1 " . escapeshellarg($ip), true);
	$arpoutput = "";
	exec("/usr/sbin/arp -n " . escapeshellarg($ip), $arpoutput);

	if ($arpoutput[0]) {
		$arpi = explode(" ", $arpoutput[0]);
		$macaddr = $arpi[3];
		if (is_macaddr($macaddr)) {
			return $macaddr;
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}

	return false;
}

/* return a fieldname that is safe for xml usage */
function xml_safe_fieldname($fieldname) {
	$replace = array('/', '-', ' ', '!', '@', '#', '$', '%', '^', '&', '*', '(', ')',
			 '_', '+', '=', '{', '}', '[', ']', '|', '/', '<', '>', '?',
			 ':', ',', '.', '\'', '\\'
		);
	return strtolower(str_replace($replace, "", $fieldname));
}

function mac_format($clientmac) {
	global $config, $cpzone;

	$mac = explode(":", $clientmac);
	$mac_format = $cpzone ? $config['captiveportal'][$cpzone]['radmac_format'] : false;

	switch ($mac_format) {
		case 'singledash':
			return "$mac[0]$mac[1]$mac[2]-$mac[3]$mac[4]$mac[5]";

		case 'ietf':
			return "$mac[0]-$mac[1]-$mac[2]-$mac[3]-$mac[4]-$mac[5]";

		case 'cisco':
			return "$mac[0]$mac[1].$mac[2]$mac[3].$mac[4]$mac[5]";

		case 'unformatted':
			return "$mac[0]$mac[1]$mac[2]$mac[3]$mac[4]$mac[5]";

		default:
			return $clientmac;
	}
}

function resolve_retry($hostname, $retries = 5) {

	if (is_ipaddr($hostname)) {
		return $hostname;
	}

	for ($i = 0; $i < $retries; $i++) {
		// FIXME: gethostbyname does not work for AAAA hostnames, boo, hiss
		$ip = gethostbyname($hostname);

		if ($ip && $ip != $hostname) {
			/* success */
			return $ip;
		}

		sleep(1);
	}

	return false;
}

function format_bytes($bytes) {
	if ($bytes >= 1073741824) {
		return sprintf("%.2f GB", $bytes/1073741824);
	} else if ($bytes >= 1048576) {
		return sprintf("%.2f MB", $bytes/1048576);
	} else if ($bytes >= 1024) {
		return sprintf("%.0f KB", $bytes/1024);
	} else {
		return sprintf("%d B", $bytes);
	}
}

function format_number($num, $precision = 3) {
	$units = array('', 'K', 'M', 'G', 'T');

	$i = 0;
	while ($num > 1000 && $i < count($units)) {
		$num /= 1000;
		$i++;
	}
	round($num, $precision);

	return ("$num {$units[$i]}");
}

function update_filter_reload_status($text) {
	global $g;

	file_put_contents("{$g['varrun_path']}/filter_reload_status", $text);
}

/****** util/return_dir_as_array
 * NAME
 *   return_dir_as_array - Return a directory's contents as an array.
 * INPUTS
 *   $dir          - string containing the path to the desired directory.
 *   $filter_regex - string containing a regular expression to filter file names. Default empty.
 * RESULT
 *   $dir_array - array containing the directory's contents. This array will be empty if the path specified is invalid.
 ******/
function return_dir_as_array($dir, $filter_regex = '') {
	$dir_array = array();
	if (is_dir($dir)) {
		if ($dh = opendir($dir)) {
			while (($file = readdir($dh)) !== false) {
				if (($file == ".") || ($file == "..")) {
					continue;
				}

				if (empty($filter_regex) || preg_match($filter_regex, $file)) {
					array_push($dir_array, $file);
				}
			}
			closedir($dh);
		}
	}
	return $dir_array;
}

function run_plugins($directory) {
	global $config, $g;

	/* process packager manager custom rules */
	$files = return_dir_as_array($directory);
	if (is_array($files)) {
		foreach ($files as $file) {
			if (stristr($file, ".sh") == true) {
				mwexec($directory . $file . " start");
			} else if (!is_dir($directory . "/" . $file) && stristr($file, ".inc")) {
				require_once($directory . "/" . $file);
			}
		}
	}
}

/*
 *    safe_mkdir($path, $mode = 0755)
 *    create directory if it doesn't already exist and isn't a file!
 */
function safe_mkdir($path, $mode = 0755) {
	global $g;

	if (!is_file($path) && !is_dir($path)) {
		return @mkdir($path, $mode, true);
	} else {
		return false;
	}
}

/*
 * get_sysctl($names)
 * Get values of sysctl OID's listed in $names (accepts an array or a single
 * name) and return an array of key/value pairs set for those that exist
 */
function get_sysctl($names) {
	if (empty($names)) {
		return array();
	}

	if (is_array($names)) {
		$name_list = array();
		foreach ($names as $name) {
			$name_list[] = escapeshellarg($name);
		}
	} else {
		$name_list = array(escapeshellarg($names));
	}

	exec("/sbin/sysctl -i " . implode(" ", $name_list), $output);
	$values = array();
	foreach ($output as $line) {
		$line = explode(": ", $line, 2);
		if (count($line) == 2) {
			$values[$line[0]] = $line[1];
		}
	}

	return $values;
}

/*
 * get_single_sysctl($name)
 * Wrapper for get_sysctl() to simplify read of a single sysctl value
 * return the value for sysctl $name or empty string if it doesn't exist
 */
function get_single_sysctl($name) {
	if (empty($name)) {
		return "";
	}

	$value = get_sysctl($name);
	if (empty($value) || !isset($value[$name])) {
		return "";
	}

	return $value[$name];
}

/*
 * set_sysctl($value_list)
 * Set sysctl OID's listed as key/value pairs and return
 * an array with keys set for those that succeeded
 */
function set_sysctl($values) {
	if (empty($values)) {
		return array();
	}

	$value_list = array();
	foreach ($values as $key => $value) {
		$value_list[] = escapeshellarg($key) . "=" . escapeshellarg($value);
	}

	exec("/sbin/sysctl -i " . implode(" ", $value_list), $output, $success);

	/* Retry individually if failed (one or more read-only) */
	if ($success <> 0 && count($value_list) > 1) {
		foreach ($value_list as $value) {
			exec("/sbin/sysctl -i " . $value, $output);
		}
	}

	$ret = array();
	foreach ($output as $line) {
		$line = explode(": ", $line, 2);
		if (count($line) == 2) {
			$ret[$line[0]] = true;
		}
	}

	return $ret;
}

/*
 * set_single_sysctl($name, $value)
 * Wrapper to set_sysctl() to make it simple to set only one sysctl
 * returns boolean meaning if it succeeded
 */
function set_single_sysctl($name, $value) {
	if (empty($name)) {
		return false;
	}

	$result = set_sysctl(array($name => $value));

	if (!isset($result[$name]) || $result[$name] != $value) {
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

/*
 *     get_memory()
 *     returns an array listing the amount of
 *     memory installed in the hardware
 *     [0] net memory available for the OS (FreeBSD) after some is taken by BIOS, video or whatever - e.g. 235 MBytes
 *     [1] real (actual) memory of the system, should be the size of the RAM card/s - e.g. 256 MBytes
 */
function get_memory() {
	$physmem = get_single_sysctl("hw.physmem");
	$realmem = get_single_sysctl("hw.realmem");
	/* convert from bytes to megabytes */
	return array(($physmem/1048576), ($realmem/1048576));
}

function mute_kernel_msgs() {
	global $g, $config;
	// Do not mute serial console.  The kernel gets very very cranky
	// and will start dishing you cannot control tty errors.
	if ($g['platform'] == 'nanobsd') {
		return;
	}
	if ($config['system']['enableserial']) {
		return;
	}
	exec("/sbin/conscontrol mute on");
}

function unmute_kernel_msgs() {
	global $g;
	// Do not mute serial console.  The kernel gets very very cranky
	// and will start dishing you cannot control tty errors.
	if ($g['platform'] == 'nanobsd') {
		return;
	}
	exec("/sbin/conscontrol mute off");
}

function start_devd() {
	/* Use the undocumented -q options of devd to quiet its log spamming */
	$_gb = exec("/sbin/devd -q");
	sleep(1);
	unset($_gb);
}

function is_interface_vlan_mismatch() {
	global $config, $g;

	if (is_array($config['vlans']['vlan'])) {
		foreach ($config['vlans']['vlan'] as $vlan) {
			if (does_interface_exist($vlan['if']) == false) {
				return true;
			}
		}
	}

	return false;
}

function is_interface_mismatch() {
	global $config, $g;

	$do_assign = false;
	$i = 0;
	$missing_interfaces = array();
	if (is_array($config['interfaces'])) {
		foreach ($config['interfaces'] as $ifname => $ifcfg) {
			if (preg_match("/^enc|^cua|^tun|^tap|^l2tp|^pptp|^ppp|^ovpn|^gif|^gre|^lagg|^bridge|vlan|_wlan/i", $ifcfg['if'])) {
				// Do not check these interfaces.
				$i++;
				continue;
			} else if (does_interface_exist($ifcfg['if']) == false) {
				$missing_interfaces[] = $ifcfg['if'];
				$do_assign = true;
			} else {
				$i++;
			}
		}
	}

	if (file_exists("{$g['tmp_path']}/assign_complete")) {
		$do_assign = false;
	}

	if (!empty($missing_interfaces) && $do_assign) {
		file_put_contents("{$g['tmp_path']}/missing_interfaces", implode(' ', $missing_interfaces));
	} else {
		@unlink("{$g['tmp_path']}/missing_interfaces");
	}

	return $do_assign;
}

/* sync carp entries to other firewalls */
function carp_sync_client() {
	global $g;
	send_event("filter sync");
}

/****f* util/isAjax
 * NAME
 *   isAjax - reports if the request is driven from prototype
 * INPUTS
 *   none
 * RESULT
 *   true/false
 ******/
function isAjax() {
	return isset ($_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH']) && $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH'] == 'XMLHttpRequest';
}

/****f* util/timeout
 * NAME
 *   timeout - console input with timeout countdown. Note: erases 2 char of screen for timer. Leave space.
 * INPUTS
 *   optional, seconds to wait before timeout. Default 9 seconds.
 * RESULT
 *   returns 1 char of user input or null if no input.
 ******/
function timeout($timer = 9) {
	while (!isset($key)) {
		if ($timer >= 9) {
			echo chr(8) . chr(8) . ($timer == 9 ? chr(32) : null) . "{$timer}";
		} else {
			echo chr(8). "{$timer}";
		}
		`/bin/stty -icanon min 0 time 25`;
		$key = trim(`KEY=\`dd count=1 2>/dev/null\`; echo \$KEY`);
		`/bin/stty icanon`;
		if ($key == '') {
			unset($key);
		}
		$timer--;
		if ($timer == 0) {
			break;
		}
	}
	return $key;
}

/****f* util/msort
 * NAME
 *   msort - sort array
 * INPUTS
 *   $array to be sorted, field to sort by, direction of sort
 * RESULT
 *   returns newly sorted array
 ******/
function msort($array, $id = "id", $sort_ascending = true) {
	$temp_array = array();
	while (count($array)>0) {
		$lowest_id = 0;
		$index = 0;
		foreach ($array as $item) {
			if (isset($item[$id])) {
				if ($array[$lowest_id][$id]) {
					if (strtolower($item[$id]) < strtolower($array[$lowest_id][$id])) {
						$lowest_id = $index;
					}
				}
			}
			$index++;
		}
		$temp_array[] = $array[$lowest_id];
		$array = array_merge(array_slice($array, 0, $lowest_id), array_slice($array, $lowest_id + 1));
	}
	if ($sort_ascending) {
		return $temp_array;
	} else {
		return array_reverse($temp_array);
	}
}

/****f* util/is_URL
 * NAME
 *   is_URL
 * INPUTS
 *   string to check
 * RESULT
 *   Returns true if item is a URL
 ******/
function is_URL($url) {
	$match = preg_match("'\b(([\w-]+://?|www[.])[^\s()<>]+(?:\([\w\d]+\)|([^[:punct:]\s]|/)))'", $url);
	if ($match) {
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}

function is_file_included($file = "") {
	$files = get_included_files();
	if (in_array($file, $files)) {
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

/*
 * Replace a value on a deep associative array using regex
 */
function array_replace_values_recursive($data, $match, $replace) {
	if (empty($data)) {
		return $data;
	}

	if (is_string($data)) {
		$data = preg_replace("/{$match}/", $replace, $data);
	} else if (is_array($data)) {
		foreach ($data as $k => $v) {
			$data[$k] = array_replace_values_recursive($v, $match, $replace);
		}
	}

	return $data;
}

/*
	This function was borrowed from a comment on PHP.net at the following URL:
	http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.array-merge-recursive.php#73843
 */
function array_merge_recursive_unique($array0, $array1) {

	$arrays = func_get_args();
	$remains = $arrays;

	// We walk through each arrays and put value in the results (without
	// considering previous value).
	$result = array();

	// loop available array
	foreach ($arrays as $array) {

		// The first remaining array is $array. We are processing it. So
		// we remove it from remaining arrays.
		array_shift($remains);

		// We don't care non array param, like array_merge since PHP 5.0.
		if (is_array($array)) {
			// Loop values
			foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
				if (is_array($value)) {
					// we gather all remaining arrays that have such key available
					$args = array();
					foreach ($remains as $remain) {
						if (array_key_exists($key, $remain)) {
							array_push($args, $remain[$key]);
						}
					}

					if (count($args) > 2) {
						// put the recursion
						$result[$key] = call_user_func_array(__FUNCTION__, $args);
					} else {
						foreach ($value as $vkey => $vval) {
							$result[$key][$vkey] = $vval;
						}
					}
				} else {
					// simply put the value
					$result[$key] = $value;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return $result;
}


/*
 * converts a string like "a,b,c,d"
 * into an array like array("a" => "b", "c" => "d")
 */
function explode_assoc($delimiter, $string) {
	$array = explode($delimiter, $string);
	$result = array();
	$numkeys = floor(count($array) / 2);
	for ($i = 0; $i < $numkeys; $i += 1) {
		$result[$array[$i * 2]] = $array[$i * 2 + 1];
	}
	return $result;
}

function get_staticroutes($returnsubnetsonly = false, $returnhostnames = false) {
	global $config, $aliastable;

	/* Bail if there are no routes, but return an array always so callers don't have to check. */
	if (!is_array($config['staticroutes']['route'])) {
		return array();
	}

	$allstaticroutes = array();
	$allsubnets = array();
	/* Loop through routes and expand aliases as we find them. */
	foreach ($config['staticroutes']['route'] as $route) {
		if (is_alias($route['network'])) {
			if (!isset($aliastable[$route['network']])) {
				continue;
			}

			$subnets = preg_split('/\s+/', $aliastable[$route['network']]);
			foreach ($subnets as $net) {
				if (!is_subnet($net)) {
					if (is_ipaddrv4($net)) {
						$net .= "/32";
					} else if (is_ipaddrv6($net)) {
						$net .= "/128";
					} else if ($returnhostnames === false || !is_fqdn($net)) {
						continue;
					}
				}
				$temproute = $route;
				$temproute['network'] = $net;
				$allstaticroutes[] = $temproute;
				$allsubnets[] = $net;
			}
		} elseif (is_subnet($route['network'])) {
			$allstaticroutes[] = $route;
			$allsubnets[] = $route['network'];
		}
	}
	if ($returnsubnetsonly) {
		return $allsubnets;
	} else {
		return $allstaticroutes;
	}
}

/****f* util/get_alias_list
 * NAME
 *   get_alias_list - Provide a list of aliases.
 * INPUTS
 *   $type          - Optional, can be a string or array specifying what type(s) of aliases you need.
 * RESULT
 *   Array containing list of aliases.
 *   If $type is unspecified, all aliases are returned.
 *   If $type is a string, all aliases of the type specified in $type are returned.
 *   If $type is an array, all aliases of any type specified in any element of $type are returned.
 */
function get_alias_list($type = null) {
	global $config;
	$result = array();
	if ($config['aliases']['alias'] <> "" && is_array($config['aliases']['alias'])) {
		foreach ($config['aliases']['alias'] as $alias) {
			if ($type === null) {
				$result[] = $alias['name'];
			} else if (is_array($type)) {
				if (in_array($alias['type'], $type)) {
					$result[] = $alias['name'];
				}
			} else if ($type === $alias['type']) {
				$result[] = $alias['name'];
			}
		}
	}
	return $result;
}

/* returns an array consisting of every element of $haystack that is not equal to $needle. */
function array_exclude($needle, $haystack) {
	$result = array();
	if (is_array($haystack)) {
		foreach ($haystack as $thing) {
			if ($needle !== $thing) {
				$result[] = $thing;
			}
		}
	}
	return $result;
}

/* Define what is preferred, IPv4 or IPv6 */
function prefer_ipv4_or_ipv6() {
	global $config;

	if (isset($config['system']['prefer_ipv4'])) {
		mwexec("/etc/rc.d/ip6addrctl prefer_ipv4");
	} else {
		mwexec("/etc/rc.d/ip6addrctl prefer_ipv6");
	}
}

/* Redirect to page passing parameters via POST */
function post_redirect($page, $params) {
	if (!is_array($params)) {
		return;
	}

	print "<html><body><form action=\"{$page}\" name=\"formredir\" method=\"post\">\n";
	foreach ($params as $key => $value) {
		print "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"{$key}\" value=\"{$value}\" />\n";
	}
	print "</form>\n";
	print "<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n";
	print "//<![CDATA[\n";
	print "document.formredir.submit();\n";
	print "//]]>\n";
	print "</script>\n";
	print "</body></html>\n";
}

/* Locate disks that can be queried for S.M.A.R.T. data. */
function get_smart_drive_list() {
	$disk_list = explode(" ", get_single_sysctl("kern.disks"));
	foreach ($disk_list as $id => $disk) {
		// We only want certain kinds of disks for S.M.A.R.T.
		// 1 is a match, 0 is no match, False is any problem processing the regex
		if (preg_match("/^(ad|da|ada).*[0-9]{1,2}$/", $disk) !== 1) {
			unset($disk_list[$id]);
		}
	}
	sort($disk_list);
	return $disk_list;
}

?>