<?php
/*
	util.inc
	part of the pfSense project (https://www.pfsense.org)

	originally part of m0n0wall (http://m0n0.ch/wall)
	Copyright (C) 2003-2004 Manuel Kasper <mk@neon1.net>.
	All rights reserved.

	Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
	modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

	1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
	   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

	2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
	   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
	   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

	THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
	INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
	AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
	AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY,
	OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
	SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
	INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
	CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
	ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
	POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/

/*
	pfSense_BUILDER_BINARIES:	/bin/ps	/bin/kill	/usr/bin/killall	/sbin/ifconfig	/usr/bin/netstat
	pfSense_BUILDER_BINARIES:	/usr/bin/awk	/sbin/dmesg		/sbin/ping /usr/local/sbin/gzsig	/usr/sbin/arp
	pfSense_BUILDER_BINARIES:	/sbin/conscontrol	/sbin/devd	/bin/ps
	pfSense_MODULE:	utils
*/

/* kill a process by pid file */
function killbypid($pidfile) {
	return sigkillbypid($pidfile, "TERM");
}

function isvalidpid($pidfile) {
	$output = "";
	if (file_exists($pidfile)) {
		exec("/bin/pgrep -nF {$pidfile}", $output, $retval);
		return (intval($retval) == 0);
	}
	return false;
}

function is_process_running($process) {
	$output = "";
	exec("/bin/pgrep -anx " . escapeshellarg($process), $output, $retval);

	return (intval($retval) == 0);
}

function isvalidproc($proc) {
	return is_process_running($proc);
}

/* sigkill a process by pid file */
/* return 1 for success and 0 for a failure */
function sigkillbypid($pidfile, $sig) {
	if (file_exists($pidfile)) {
		return mwexec("/bin/pkill " . escapeshellarg("-{$sig}") . " -F {$pidfile}", true);
	}

	return 0;
}

/* kill a process by name */
function sigkillbyname($procname, $sig) {
	if (isvalidproc($procname)) {
		return mwexec("/usr/bin/killall " . escapeshellarg("-{$sig}") . " " . escapeshellarg($procname), true);
	}
}

/* kill a process by name */
function killbyname($procname) {
	if (isvalidproc($procname)) {
		mwexec("/usr/bin/killall " . escapeshellarg($procname));
	}
}

function is_subsystem_dirty($subsystem = "") {
	global $g;

	if ($subsystem == "") {
		return false;
	}

	if (file_exists("{$g['varrun_path']}/{$subsystem}.dirty")) {
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

function mark_subsystem_dirty($subsystem = "") {
	global $g;

	if (!file_put_contents("{$g['varrun_path']}/{$subsystem}.dirty", "DIRTY")) {
		log_error(sprintf(gettext("WARNING: Could not mark subsystem: %s dirty"), $subsystem));
	}
}

function clear_subsystem_dirty($subsystem = "") {
	global $g;

	@unlink("{$g['varrun_path']}/{$subsystem}.dirty");
}

function config_lock() {
	return;
}
function config_unlock() {
	return;
}

/* lock configuration file */
function lock($lock, $op = LOCK_SH) {
	global $g, $cfglckkeyconsumers;
	if (!$lock) {
		die(gettext("WARNING: You must give a name as parameter to lock() function."));
	}
	if (!file_exists("{$g['tmp_path']}/{$lock}.lock")) {
		@touch("{$g['tmp_path']}/{$lock}.lock");
		@chmod("{$g['tmp_path']}/{$lock}.lock", 0666);
	}
	$cfglckkeyconsumers++;
	if ($fp = fopen("{$g['tmp_path']}/{$lock}.lock", "w")) {
		if (flock($fp, $op)) {
			return $fp;
		} else {
			fclose($fp);
		}
	}
}

function try_lock($lock, $timeout = 5) {
	global $g, $cfglckkeyconsumers;
	if (!$lock) {
		die(gettext("WARNING: You must give a name as parameter to try_lock() function."));
	}
	if (!file_exists("{$g['tmp_path']}/{$lock}.lock")) {
		@touch("{$g['tmp_path']}/{$lock}.lock");
		@chmod("{$g['tmp_path']}/{$lock}.lock", 0666);
	}
	$cfglckkeyconsumers++;
	if ($fp = fopen("{$g['tmp_path']}/{$lock}.lock", "w")) {
		$trycounter = 0;
		while (!flock($fp, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)) {
			if ($trycounter >= $timeout) {
				fclose($fp);
				return NULL;
			}
			sleep(1);
			$trycounter++;
		}

		return $fp;
	}

	return NULL;
}

/* unlock configuration file */
function unlock($cfglckkey = 0) {
	global $g, $cfglckkeyconsumers;
	flock($cfglckkey, LOCK_UN);
	fclose($cfglckkey);
	return;
}

/* unlock forcefully configuration file */
function unlock_force($lock) {
	global $g;

	@unlink("{$g['tmp_path']}/{$lock}.lock");
}

function send_event($cmd) {
	global $g;

	if (!isset($g['event_address'])) {
		$g['event_address'] = "unix:///var/run/check_reload_status";
	}

	$try = 0;
	while ($try < 3) {
		$fd = @fsockopen($g['event_address']);
		if ($fd) {
			fwrite($fd, $cmd);
			$resp = fread($fd, 4096);
			if ($resp != "OK\n") {
				log_error("send_event: sent {$cmd} got {$resp}");
			}
			fclose($fd);
			$try = 3;
		} else if (!is_process_running("check_reload_status")) {
			mwexec_bg("/usr/bin/nice -n20 /usr/local/sbin/check_reload_status");
		}
		$try++;
	}
}

function send_multiple_events($cmds) {
	global $g;

	if (!isset($g['event_address'])) {
		$g['event_address'] = "unix:///var/run/check_reload_status";
	}

	if (!is_array($cmds)) {
		return;
	}

	while ($try < 3) {
		$fd = @fsockopen($g['event_address']);
		if ($fd) {
			foreach ($cmds as $cmd) {
				fwrite($fd, $cmd);
				$resp = fread($fd, 4096);
				if ($resp != "OK\n") {
					log_error("send_event: sent {$cmd} got {$resp}");
				}
			}
			fclose($fd);
			$try = 3;
		} else if (!is_process_running("check_reload_status")) {
			mwexec_bg("/usr/bin/nice -n20 /usr/local/sbin/check_reload_status");
		}
		$try++;
	}
}

function refcount_init($reference) {
	$shmid = @shmop_open($reference, "c", 0644, 10);
	@shmop_write($shmid, str_pad("0", 10, "\x0", STR_PAD_RIGHT), 0);
	@shmop_close($shmid);
}

function refcount_reference($reference) {
	/* Take out a lock across the shared memory read, increment, write sequence to make it atomic. */
	$shm_lck = lock("shm{$reference}", LOCK_EX);
	try {
		/* NOTE: A warning is generated when shared memory does not exist */
		$shmid = @shmop_open($reference, "w", 0, 0);
		if (!$shmid) {
			refcount_init($reference);
			$shmid = @shmop_open($reference, "w", 0, 0);
			if (!$shmid) {
				log_error(gettext("Could not open shared memory {$reference}"));
				unlock($shm_lck);
				return;
			}
		}
		$shm_data = @shmop_read($shmid, 0, 10);
		$shm_data = intval($shm_data) + 1;
		@shmop_write($shmid, str_pad($shm_data, 10, "\x0", STR_PAD_RIGHT), 0);
		@shmop_close($shmid);
		unlock($shm_lck);
	} catch (Exception $e) {
		log_error($e->getMessage());
		unlock($shm_lck);
	}

	return $shm_data;
}

function refcount_unreference($reference) {
	/* Take out a lock across the shared memory read, decrement, write sequence to make it atomic. */
	$shm_lck = lock("shm{$reference}", LOCK_EX);
	try {
		$shmid = @shmop_open($reference, "w", 0, 0);
		if (!$shmid) {
			refcount_init($reference);
			log_error(gettext("Could not open shared memory {$reference}"));
			unlock($shm_lck);
			return;
		}
		$shm_data = @shmop_read($shmid, 0, 10);
		$shm_data = intval($shm_data) - 1;
		if ($shm_data < 0) {
			//debug_backtrace();
			log_error(sprintf(gettext("Reference %s is going negative, not doing unreference."), $reference));
		} else {
			@shmop_write($shmid, str_pad($shm_data, 10, "\x0", STR_PAD_RIGHT), 0);
		}
		@shmop_close($shmid);
		unlock($shm_lck);
	} catch (Exception $e) {
		log_error($e->getMessage());
		unlock($shm_lck);
	}

	return $shm_data;
}

function refcount_read($reference) {
	/* This function just reads the current value of the refcount for information. */
	/* There is no need for locking. */
	$shmid = @shmop_open($reference, "a", 0, 0);
	if (!$shmid) {
		log_error(gettext("Could not open shared memory for read {$reference}"));
		return -1;
	}
	$shm_data = @shmop_read($shmid, 0, 10);
	@shmop_close($shmid);
	return $shm_data;
}

function is_module_loaded($module_name) {
	$module_name = str_replace(".ko", "", $module_name);
	$running = 0;
	$_gb = exec("/sbin/kldstat -qn {$module_name} 2>&1", $_gb, $running);
	if (intval($running) == 0) {
		return true;
	} else {
		return false;
	}
}

/* validate non-negative numeric string, or equivalent numeric variable */
function is_numericint($arg) {
	return (((is_int($arg) && $arg >= 0) || (is_string($arg) && strlen($arg) > 0 && ctype_digit($arg))) ? true : false);
}

/* Generate the (human readable) ipv4 or ipv6 subnet address (i.e., netmask, or subnet start IP)
   given an (human readable) ipv4 or ipv6 host address and subnet bit count */
function gen_subnet($ipaddr, $bits) {
	if (($sn = gen_subnetv6($ipaddr, $bits)) == '') {
		$sn = gen_subnetv4($ipaddr, $bits);  // try to avoid rechecking IPv4/v6
	}
	return $sn;
}

/* same as gen_subnet() but accepts IPv4 only */
function gen_subnetv4($ipaddr, $bits) {
	if (is_ipaddrv4($ipaddr) && is_numericint($bits) && $bits <= 32) {
		if ($bits == 0) {
			return '0.0.0.0';  // avoids <<32
		}
		return long2ip(ip2long($ipaddr) & ((0xFFFFFFFF << (32 - $bits)) & 0xFFFFFFFF));
	}
	return "";
}

/* same as gen_subnet() but accepts IPv6 only */
function gen_subnetv6($ipaddr, $bits) {
	if (is_ipaddrv6($ipaddr) && is_numericint($bits) && $bits <= 128) {
		return Net_IPv6::compress(Net_IPv6::getNetmask($ipaddr, $bits));
	}
	return "";
}

/* Generate the (human readable) ipv4 or ipv6 subnet end address (i.e., highest address, end IP, or IPv4 broadcast address)
   given an (human readable) ipv4 or ipv6 host address and subnet bit count. */
function gen_subnet_max($ipaddr, $bits) {
	if (($sn = gen_subnetv6_max($ipaddr, $bits)) == '') {
		$sn = gen_subnetv4_max($ipaddr, $bits);  // try to avoid rechecking IPv4/v6
	}
	return $sn;
}

/* same as gen_subnet_max() but validates IPv4 only */
function gen_subnetv4_max($ipaddr, $bits) {
	if (is_ipaddrv4($ipaddr) && is_numericint($bits) && $bits <= 32) {
		if ($bits == 32) {
			return $ipaddr;
		}
		return long2ip32(ip2long($ipaddr) | ~gen_subnet_mask_long($bits));
	}
	return "";
}

/* same as gen_subnet_max() but validates IPv6 only */
function gen_subnetv6_max($ipaddr, $bits) {
	if (is_ipaddrv6($ipaddr) && is_numericint($bits) && $bits <= 128) {
		$endip_bin = substr(Net_IPv6::_ip2Bin($ipaddr), 0, $bits) . str_repeat('1', 128 - $bits);
		return Net_IPv6::compress(Net_IPv6::_bin2Ip($endip_bin));
	}
	return "";
}

/* returns a subnet mask (long given a bit count) */
function gen_subnet_mask_long($bits) {
	$sm = 0;
	for ($i = 0; $i < $bits; $i++) {
		$sm >>= 1;
		$sm |= 0x80000000;
	}
	return $sm;
}

/* same as above but returns a string */
function gen_subnet_mask($bits) {
	return long2ip(gen_subnet_mask_long($bits));
}

/* Convert long int to IP address, truncating to 32-bits. */
function long2ip32($ip) {
	return long2ip($ip & 0xFFFFFFFF);
}

/* Convert IP address to long int, truncated to 32-bits to avoid sign extension on 64-bit platforms. */
function ip2long32($ip) {
	return (ip2long($ip) & 0xFFFFFFFF);
}

/* Convert IP address to unsigned long int. */
function ip2ulong($ip) {
	return sprintf("%u", ip2long32($ip));
}

/* Find out how many IPs are contained within a given IP range
 *  e.g. 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.0.255 returns 256
 */
function ip_range_size_v4($startip, $endip) {
	if (is_ipaddrv4($startip) && is_ipaddrv4($endip)) {
		// Operate as unsigned long because otherwise it wouldn't work
		//   when crossing over from 127.255.255.255 / 128.0.0.0 barrier
		return abs(ip2ulong($startip) - ip2ulong($endip)) + 1;
	}
	return -1;
}

/* Find the smallest possible subnet mask which can contain a given number of IPs
 *  e.g. 512 IPs can fit in a /23, but 513 IPs need a /22
 */
function find_smallest_cidr_v4($number) {
	$smallest = 1;
	for ($b=32; $b > 0; $b--) {
		$smallest = ($number <= pow(2, $b)) ? $b : $smallest;
	}
	return (32-$smallest);
}

/* Return the previous IP address before the given address */
function ip_before($ip, $offset = 1) {
	return long2ip32(ip2long($ip) - $offset);
}

/* Return the next IP address after the given address */
function ip_after($ip, $offset = 1) {
	return long2ip32(ip2long($ip) + $offset);
}

/* Return true if the first IP is 'before' the second */
function ip_less_than($ip1, $ip2) {
	// Compare as unsigned long because otherwise it wouldn't work when
	//   crossing over from 127.255.255.255 / 128.0.0.0 barrier
	return ip2ulong($ip1) < ip2ulong($ip2);
}

/* Return true if the first IP is 'after' the second */
function ip_greater_than($ip1, $ip2) {
	// Compare as unsigned long because otherwise it wouldn't work
	//   when crossing over from 127.255.255.255 / 128.0.0.0 barrier
	return ip2ulong($ip1) > ip2ulong($ip2);
}

/* compare two IP addresses */
function ipcmp($a, $b) {
	if (ip_less_than($a, $b)) {
		return -1;
	} else if (ip_greater_than($a, $b)) {
		return 1;
	} else {
		return 0;
	}
}

/* Convert a range of IPv4 addresses to an array of individual addresses. */
/* Note: IPv6 ranges are not yet supported here. */
function ip_range_to_address_array($startip, $endip, $max_size = 5000) {
	if (!is_ipaddrv4($startip) || !is_ipaddrv4($endip)) {
		return false;
	}

	if (ip_greater_than($startip, $endip)) {
		// Swap start and end so we can process sensibly.
		$temp = $startip;
		$startip = $endip;
		$endip = $temp;
	}

	if (ip_range_size_v4($startip, $endip) > $max_size) {
		return false;
	}

	// Container for IP addresses within this range.
	$rangeaddresses = array();
	$end_int = ip2ulong($endip);
	for ($ip_int = ip2ulong($startip); $ip_int <= $end_int; $ip_int++) {
		$rangeaddresses[] = long2ip($ip_int);
	}

	return $rangeaddresses;
}

/* Convert a range of IPv4 addresses to an array of subnets which can contain the range. */
/* Note: IPv6 ranges are not yet supported here. */
function ip_range_to_subnet_array($startip, $endip) {
	if (!is_ipaddrv4($startip) || !is_ipaddrv4($endip)) {
		return array();
	}

	if (ip_greater_than($startip, $endip)) {
		// Swap start and end so we can process sensibly.
		$temp = $startip;
		$startip = $endip;
		$endip = $temp;
	}

	// Container for subnets within this range.
	$rangesubnets = array();

	// Figure out what the smallest subnet is that holds the number of IPs in the given range.
	$cidr = find_smallest_cidr_v4(ip_range_size_v4($startip, $endip));

	// Loop here to reduce subnet size and retest as needed. We need to make sure
	//   that the target subnet is wholly contained between $startip and $endip.
	for ($cidr; $cidr <= 32; $cidr++) {
		// Find the network and broadcast addresses for the subnet being tested.
		$targetsub_min = gen_subnet($startip, $cidr);
		$targetsub_max = gen_subnet_max($startip, $cidr);

		// Check best case where the range is exactly one subnet.
		if (($targetsub_min == $startip) && ($targetsub_max == $endip)) {
			// Hooray, the range is exactly this subnet!
			return array("{$startip}/{$cidr}");
		}

		// These remaining scenarios will find a subnet that uses the largest
		//  chunk possible of the range being tested, and leave the rest to be
		//  tested recursively after the loop.

		// Check if the subnet begins with $startip and ends before $endip
		if (($targetsub_min == $startip) && ip_less_than($targetsub_max, $endip)) {
			break;
		}

		// Check if the subnet ends at $endip and starts after $startip
		if (ip_greater_than($targetsub_min, $startip) && ($targetsub_max == $endip)) {
			break;
		}

		// Check if the subnet is between $startip and $endip
		if (ip_greater_than($targetsub_min, $startip) && ip_less_than($targetsub_max, $endip)) {
			break;
		}
	}

	// Some logic that will recursively search from $startip to the first IP before the start of the subnet we just found.
	// NOTE: This may never be hit, the way the above algo turned out, but is left for completeness.
	if ($startip != $targetsub_min) {
		$rangesubnets = array_merge($rangesubnets, ip_range_to_subnet_array($startip, ip_before($targetsub_min)));
	}

	// Add in the subnet we found before, to preserve ordering
	$rangesubnets[] = "{$targetsub_min}/{$cidr}";

	// And some more logic that will search after the subnet we found to fill in to the end of the range.
	if ($endip != $targetsub_max) {
		$rangesubnets = array_merge($rangesubnets, ip_range_to_subnet_array(ip_after($targetsub_max), $endip));
	}
	return $rangesubnets;
}

/* returns true if $range is a valid pair of IPv4 or IPv6 addresses separated by a "-"
	false - if not a valid pair
	true (numeric 4 or 6) - if valid, gives type of addresses */
function is_iprange($range) {
	if (substr_count($range, '-') != 1) {
		return false;
	}
	list($ip1, $ip2) = explode ('-', $range);
	if (is_ipaddrv4($ip1) && is_ipaddrv4($ip2)) {
		return 4;
	}
	if (is_ipaddrv6($ip1) && is_ipaddrv6($ip2)) {
		return 6;
	}
	return false;
}

/* returns true if $ipaddr is a valid dotted IPv4 address or a IPv6
	false - not valid
	true (numeric 4 or 6) - if valid, gives type of address */
function is_ipaddr($ipaddr) {
	if (is_ipaddrv4($ipaddr)) {
		return 4;
	}
	if (is_ipaddrv6($ipaddr)) {
		return 6;
	}
	return false;
}

/* returns true if $ipaddr is a valid IPv6 address */
function is_ipaddrv6($ipaddr) {
	if (!is_string($ipaddr) || empty($ipaddr)) {
		return false;
	}
	if (strstr($ipaddr, "%") && is_linklocal($ipaddr)) {
		$tmpip = explode("%", $ipaddr);
		$ipaddr = $tmpip[0];
	}
	return Net_IPv6::checkIPv6($ipaddr);
}

/* returns true if $ipaddr is a valid dotted IPv4 address */
function is_ipaddrv4($ipaddr) {
	if (!is_string($ipaddr) || empty($ipaddr) || ip2long($ipaddr) === FALSE) {
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

/* returns true if $ipaddr is a valid IPv6 linklocal address */
function is_linklocal($ipaddr) {
	return (strtolower(substr($ipaddr, 0, 5)) == "fe80:");
}

/* returns scope of a linklocal address */
function get_ll_scope($addr) {
	if (!is_linklocal($addr) || !strstr($addr, "%")) {
		return "";
	}
	list ($ll, $scope) = explode("%", $addr);
	return $scope;
}

/* returns true if $ipaddr is a valid literal IPv6 address */
function is_literalipaddrv6($ipaddr) {
	if (preg_match("/\[([0-9a-f:]+)\]/i", $ipaddr, $match)) {
		$ipaddr = $match[1];
	} else {
		return false;
	}

	return is_ipaddrv6($ipaddr);
}

/* returns true if $iport is a valid IPv4/IPv6 address + port
	false - not valid
	true (numeric 4 or 6) - if valid, gives type of address */
function is_ipaddrwithport($ipport) {
	$c = strrpos($ipport, ":");
	if ($c === false) {
		return false;  // can't split at final colon if no colon exists
	}

	if (!is_port(substr($ipport, $c + 1))) {
		return false;  // no valid port after last colon
	}

	$ip = substr($ipport, 0, $c);  // else is text before last colon a valid IP
	if (is_literalipaddrv6($ip)) {
		return 6;
	} elseif (is_ipaddrv4($ip)) {
		return 4;
	} else {
		return false;
	}
}

function is_hostnamewithport($hostport) {
	$parts = explode(":", $hostport);
	$port = array_pop($parts);
	if (count($parts) == 1) {
		return is_hostname($parts[0]) && is_port($port);
	} else {
		return false;
	}
}

/* returns true if $ipaddr is a valid dotted IPv4 address or an alias thereof */
function is_ipaddroralias($ipaddr) {
	global $config;

	if (is_alias($ipaddr)) {
		if (is_array($config['aliases']['alias'])) {
			foreach ($config['aliases']['alias'] as $alias) {
				if ($alias['name'] == $ipaddr && !preg_match("/port/i", $alias['type'])) {
					return true;
				}
			}
		}
		return false;
	} else {
		return is_ipaddr($ipaddr);
	}

}

/* returns true if $subnet is a valid IPv4 or IPv6 subnet in CIDR format
	false - if not a valid subnet
	true (numeric 4 or 6) - if valid, gives type of subnet */
function is_subnet($subnet) {
	if (is_string($subnet) && preg_match('/^(?:([0-9.]{7,15})|([0-9a-f:]{2,39}))\/(\d{1,3})$/i', $subnet, $parts)) {
		if (is_ipaddrv4($parts[1]) && $parts[3] <= 32) {
			return 4;
		}
		if (is_ipaddrv6($parts[2]) && $parts[3] <= 128) {
			return 6;
		}
	}
	return false;
}

/* same as is_subnet() but accepts IPv4 only */
function is_subnetv4($subnet) {
	return (is_subnet($subnet) == 4);
}

/* same as is_subnet() but accepts IPv6 only */
function is_subnetv6($subnet) {
	return (is_subnet($subnet) == 6);
}

/* returns true if $subnet is a valid subnet in CIDR format or an alias thereof */
function is_subnetoralias($subnet) {
	global $aliastable;

	if (isset($aliastable[$subnet]) && is_subnet($aliastable[$subnet])) {
		return true;
	} else {
		return is_subnet($subnet);
	}
}

function subnet_size($subnet) {
	if (is_subnetv4($subnet)) {
		list ($ip, $bits) = explode("/", $subnet);
		return round(exp(log(2) * (32 - $bits)));
	}
	else if (is_subnetv6($subnet)) {
		list ($ip, $bits) = explode("/", $subnet);
		return round(exp(log(2) * (128 - $bits)));
	}
	else {
		return 0;
	}
}


function subnet_expand($subnet) {
	if (is_subnetv4($subnet)) {
		return subnetv4_expand($subnet);
	} else if (is_subnetv6($subnet)) {
		return subnetv6_expand($subnet);
	} else {
		return $subnet;
	}
}

function subnetv4_expand($subnet) {
	$result = array();
	list ($ip, $bits) = explode("/", $subnet);
	$net = ip2long($ip);
	$mask = (0xffffffff << (32 - $bits));
	$net &= $mask;
	$size = round(exp(log(2) * (32 - $bits)));
	for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i += 1) {
		$result[] = long2ip($net | $i);
	}
	return $result;
}

/* find out whether two subnets overlap */
function check_subnets_overlap($subnet1, $bits1, $subnet2, $bits2) {

	if (!is_numeric($bits1)) {
		$bits1 = 32;
	}
	if (!is_numeric($bits2)) {
		$bits2 = 32;
	}

	if ($bits1 < $bits2) {
		$relbits = $bits1;
	} else {
		$relbits = $bits2;
	}

	$sn1 = gen_subnet_mask_long($relbits) & ip2long($subnet1);
	$sn2 = gen_subnet_mask_long($relbits) & ip2long($subnet2);

	return ($sn1 == $sn2);
}

/* find out whether two IPv6 subnets overlap */
function check_subnetsv6_overlap($subnet1, $bits1, $subnet2, $bits2) {
	$sub1_min = gen_subnetv6($subnet1, $bits1);
	$sub1_max = gen_subnetv6_max($subnet1, $bits1);
	$sub2_min = gen_subnetv6($subnet2, $bits2);
	$sub2_max = gen_subnetv6_max($subnet2, $bits2);

	return (is_inrange_v6($sub1_min, $sub2_min, $sub2_max) || is_inrange_v6($sub1_max, $sub2_min, $sub2_max) || is_inrange_v6($sub2_min, $sub1_min, $sub1_max));
}

/* return true if $addr is in $subnet, false if not */
function ip_in_subnet($addr, $subnet) {
	if (is_ipaddrv6($addr) && is_subnetv6($subnet)) {
		return (Net_IPv6::isInNetmask($addr, $subnet));
	} else if (is_ipaddrv4($addr) && is_subnetv4($subnet)) {
		list($ip, $mask) = explode('/', $subnet);
		$mask = (0xffffffff << (32 - $mask)) & 0xffffffff;
		return ((ip2long($addr) & $mask) == (ip2long($ip) & $mask));
	}
	return false;
}

/* returns true if $hostname is just a valid hostname (top part without any of the domain part) */
function is_unqualified_hostname($hostname) {
	if (!is_string($hostname)) {
		return false;
	}

	if (preg_match('/^(?:[a-z0-9_]|[a-z0-9_][a-z0-9_\-]*[a-z0-9_])$/i', $hostname)) {
		return true;
	} else {
		return false;
	}
}

/* returns true if $hostname is a valid hostname, with or without being a fully-qualified domain name. */
function is_hostname($hostname) {
	if (!is_string($hostname)) {
		return false;
	}

	if (is_domain($hostname)) {
		if ((substr_count($hostname, ".") == 1) && ($hostname[strlen($hostname)-1] == ".")) {
			/* Only a single dot at the end like "test." - hosts cannot be directly in the root domain. */
			return false;
		} else {
			return true;
		}
	} else {
		return false;
	}
}

/* returns true if $domain is a valid domain name */
function is_domain($domain) {
	if (!is_string($domain)) {
		return false;
	}

	if (preg_match('/^(?:(?:[a-z_0-9]|[a-z_0-9][a-z_0-9\-]*[a-z_0-9])\.)*(?:[a-z_0-9]|[a-z_0-9][a-z_0-9\-]*[a-z_0-9\.])$/i', $domain)) {
		return true;
	} else {
		return false;
	}
}

/* returns true if $macaddr is a valid MAC address */
function is_macaddr($macaddr, $partial=false) {
	$repeat = ($partial) ? '1,5' : '5';
	return preg_match('/^[0-9A-F]{2}(?:[:][0-9A-F]{2}){'.$repeat.'}$/i', $macaddr) == 1 ? true : false;
}

/* returns true if $name is a valid name for an alias
   returns NULL if a reserved word is used
   returns FALSE for bad chars in the name - this allows calling code to determine what the problem was.
   aliases cannot be:
	bad chars: anything except a-z 0-9 and underscore
	bad names: empty string, pure numeric, pure underscore
	reserved words: pre-defined service/protocol/port names which should not be ambiguous, and the words "port" and  "pass" */

function is_validaliasname($name) {
	/* Array of reserved words */
	$reserved = array("port", "pass");

	if (!is_string($name) || strlen($name) >= 32 || preg_match('/(^_*$|^\d*$|[^a-z0-9_])/i', $name)) {
		return false;
	}
	if (in_array($name, $reserved, true) || getservbyname($name, "tcp") || getservbyname($name, "udp") || getprotobyname($name)) {
		return; /* return NULL */
	}
	return true;
}

/* returns true if $port is a valid TCP/UDP port */
function is_port($port) {
	if (ctype_digit($port) && ((intval($port) >= 1) && (intval($port) <= 65535))) {
		return true;
	}
	if (getservbyname($port, "tcp") || getservbyname($port, "udp")) {
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}

/* returns true if $portrange is a valid TCP/UDP portrange ("<port>:<port>") */
function is_portrange($portrange) {
	$ports = explode(":", $portrange);

	return (count($ports) == 2 && is_port($ports[0]) && is_port($ports[1]));
}

/* returns true if $port is a valid port number or an alias thereof */
function is_portoralias($port) {
	global $config;

	if (is_alias($port)) {
		if (is_array($config['aliases']['alias'])) {
			foreach ($config['aliases']['alias'] as $alias) {
				if ($alias['name'] == $port && preg_match("/port/i", $alias['type'])) {
					return true;
				}
			}
		}
		return false;
	} else {
		return is_port($port);
	}
}

/* create ranges of sequential port numbers (200:215) and remove duplicates */
function group_ports($ports) {
	if (!is_array($ports) || empty($ports)) {
		return;
	}

	$uniq = array();
	foreach ($ports as $port) {
		if (is_portrange($port)) {
			list($begin, $end) = explode(":", $port);
			if ($begin > $end) {
				$aux = $begin;
				$begin = $end;
				$end = $aux;
			}
			for ($i = $begin; $i <= $end; $i++) {
				if (!in_array($i, $uniq)) {
					$uniq[] = $i;
				}
			}
		} else if (is_port($port)) {
			if (!in_array($port, $uniq)) {
				$uniq[] = $port;
			}
		}
	}
	sort($uniq, SORT_NUMERIC);

	$result = array();
	foreach ($uniq as $idx => $port) {
		if ($idx == 0) {
			$result[] = $port;
			continue;
		}

		$last = end($result);
		if (is_portrange($last)) {
			list($begin, $end) = explode(":", $last);
		} else {
			$begin = $end = $last;
		}

		if ($port == ($end+1)) {
			$end++;
			$result[count($result)-1] = "{$begin}:{$end}";
		} else {
			$result[] = $port;
		}
	}

	return $result;
}

/* returns true if $val is a valid shaper bandwidth value */
function is_valid_shaperbw($val) {
	return (preg_match("/^(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)([MKG]?b|%)$/", $val));
}

/* returns true if $test is in the range between $start and $end */
function is_inrange_v4($test, $start, $end) {
	if ((ip2ulong($test) <= ip2ulong($end)) && (ip2ulong($test) >= ip2ulong($start))) {
		return true;
	} else {
		return false;
	}
}

/* returns true if $test is in the range between $start and $end */
function is_inrange_v6($test, $start, $end) {
	if ((inet_pton($test) <= inet_pton($end)) && (inet_pton($test) >= inet_pton($start))) {
		return true;
	} else {
		return false;
	}
}

/* returns true if $test is in the range between $start and $end */
function is_inrange($test, $start, $end) {
	return is_ipaddrv6($test) ? is_inrange_v6($test, $start, $end) : is_inrange_v4($test, $start, $end);
}

/* XXX: return the configured carp interface list */
function get_configured_carp_interface_list($carpinterface = '', $family = 'inet', $what = 'ip') {
	global $config;

	$iflist = array();

	if (is_array($config['virtualip']['vip'])) {
		$viparr = &$config['virtualip']['vip'];
		foreach ($viparr as $vip) {
			switch ($vip['mode']) {
				case "carp":
					if (!empty($carpinterface)) {
						if ($carpinterface == "_vip{$vip['uniqid']}") {
							switch ($what) {
								case 'subnet':
									if ($family == 'inet' && is_ipaddrv4($vip['subnet'])) {
										return $vip['subnet_bits'];
									} else if ($family == 'inet6' && is_ipaddrv6($vip['subnet'])) {
										return $vip['subnet_bits'];
									}
									break;
								case 'iface':
									if ($family == 'inet' && is_ipaddrv4($vip['subnet'])) {
										return $vip['interface'];
									} else if ($family == 'inet6' && is_ipaddrv6($vip['subnet'])) {
										return $vip['interface'];
									}
									break;
								case 'vip':
									if ($family == 'inet' && is_ipaddrv4($vip['subnet'])) {
										return $vip;
									} else if ($family == 'inet6' && is_ipaddrv6($vip['subnet'])) {
										return $vip;
									}
									break;
								case 'ip':
								default:
									if ($family == 'inet' && is_ipaddrv4($vip['subnet'])) {
										return $vip['subnet'];
									} else if ($family == 'inet6' && is_ipaddrv6($vip['subnet'])) {
										return $vip['subnet'];
									}
									break;
							}
						}
					} else {
						$iflist["_vip{$vip['uniqid']}"] = $vip['subnet'];
					}
					break;
			}
		}
	}

	return $iflist;
}

/* return the configured IP aliases list */
function get_configured_ip_aliases_list($returnfullentry = false) {
	global $config;

	$alias_list = array();

	if (is_array($config['virtualip']['vip'])) {
		$viparr = &$config['virtualip']['vip'];
		foreach ($viparr as $vip) {
			if ($vip['mode'] == "ipalias") {
				if ($returnfullentry) {
					$alias_list[$vip['subnet']] = $vip;
				} else {
					$alias_list[$vip['subnet']] = $vip['interface'];
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return $alias_list;
}

/* return all configured aliases list (IP, carp, proxyarp and other) */
function get_configured_vips_list() {
	global $config;

	$alias_list = array();

	if (is_array($config['virtualip']['vip'])) {
		$viparr = &$config['virtualip']['vip'];
		foreach ($viparr as $vip) {
			if ($vip['mode'] == "carp") {
				$alias_list[] = array("ipaddr" => $vip['subnet'], "if" => "{$vip['interface']}_vip{$vip['vhid']}");
			} else {
				$alias_list[] = array("ipaddr" => $vip['subnet'], "if" => $vip['interface']);
			}
		}
	}

	return $alias_list;
}

/* comparison function for sorting by the order in which interfaces are normally created */
function compare_interface_friendly_names($a, $b) {
	if ($a == $b) {
		return 0;
	} else if ($a == 'wan') {
		return -1;
	} else if ($b == 'wan') {
		return 1;
	} else if ($a == 'lan') {
		return -1;
	} else if ($b == 'lan') {
		return 1;
	}

	return strnatcmp($a, $b);
}

/* return the configured interfaces list. */
function get_configured_interface_list($only_opt = false, $withdisabled = false) {
	global $config;

	$iflist = array();

	/* if list */
	foreach ($config['interfaces'] as $if => $ifdetail) {
		if ($only_opt && ($if == "wan" || $if == "lan")) {
			continue;
		}
		if (isset($ifdetail['enable']) || $withdisabled == true) {
			$iflist[$if] = $if;
		}
	}

	return $iflist;
}

/* return the configured interfaces list. */
function get_configured_interface_list_by_realif($only_opt = false, $withdisabled = false) {
	global $config;

	$iflist = array();

	/* if list */
	foreach ($config['interfaces'] as $if => $ifdetail) {
		if ($only_opt && ($if == "wan" || $if == "lan")) {
			continue;
		}
		if (isset($ifdetail['enable']) || $withdisabled == true) {
			$tmpif = get_real_interface($if);
			if (!empty($tmpif)) {
				$iflist[$tmpif] = $if;
			}
		}
	}

	return $iflist;
}

/* return the configured interfaces list with their description. */
function get_configured_interface_with_descr($only_opt = false, $withdisabled = false) {
	global $config;

	$iflist = array();

	/* if list */
	foreach ($config['interfaces'] as $if => $ifdetail) {
		if ($only_opt && ($if == "wan" || $if == "lan")) {
			continue;
		}
		if (isset($ifdetail['enable']) || $withdisabled == true) {
			if (empty($ifdetail['descr'])) {
				$iflist[$if] = strtoupper($if);
			} else {
				$iflist[$if] = strtoupper($ifdetail['descr']);
			}
		}
	}

	return $iflist;
}

/*
 *   get_configured_ip_addresses() - Return a list of all configured
 *   interfaces IP Addresses
 *
 */
function get_configured_ip_addresses() {
	global $config;

	if (!function_exists('get_interface_ip')) {
		require_once("interfaces.inc");
	}
	$ip_array = array();
	$interfaces = get_configured_interface_list();
	if (is_array($interfaces)) {
		foreach ($interfaces as $int) {
			$ipaddr = get_interface_ip($int);
			$ip_array[$int] = $ipaddr;
		}
	}
	$interfaces = get_configured_carp_interface_list();
	if (is_array($interfaces)) {
		foreach ($interfaces as $int => $ipaddr) {
			$ip_array[$int] = $ipaddr;
		}
	}

	/* pppoe server */
	if (is_array($config['pppoes']) && is_array($config['pppoes']['pppoe'])) {
		foreach ($config['pppoes']['pppoe'] as $pppoe) {
			if ($pppoe['mode'] == "server") {
				if (is_ipaddr($pppoe['localip'])) {
					$int = "pppoes". $pppoe['pppoeid'];
					$ip_array[$int] = $pppoe['localip'];
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return $ip_array;
}

/*
 *   get_configured_ipv6_addresses() - Return a list of all configured
 *   interfaces IPv6 Addresses
 *
 */
function get_configured_ipv6_addresses() {
	require_once("interfaces.inc");
	$ipv6_array = array();
	$interfaces = get_configured_interface_list();
	if (is_array($interfaces)) {
		foreach ($interfaces as $int) {
			$ipaddrv6 = get_interface_ipv6($int);
			$ipv6_array[$int] = $ipaddrv6;
		}
	}
	$interfaces = get_configured_carp_interface_list();
	if (is_array($interfaces)) {
		foreach ($interfaces as $int => $ipaddrv6) {
			$ipv6_array[$int] = $ipaddrv6;
		}
	}
	return $ipv6_array;
}

/*
 *   get_interface_list() - Return a list of all physical interfaces
 *   along with MAC and status.
 *
 *   $mode = "active" - use ifconfig -lu
 *           "media"  - use ifconfig to check physical connection
 *			status (much slower)
 */
function get_interface_list($mode = "active", $keyby = "physical", $vfaces = "") {
	global $config;
	$upints = array();
	/* get a list of virtual interface types */
	if (!$vfaces) {
		$vfaces = array(
				'bridge',
				'ppp',
				'pppoe',
				'pptp',
				'l2tp',
				'sl',
				'gif',
				'gre',
				'faith',
				'lo',
				'ng',
				'_vlan',
				'_wlan',
				'pflog',
				'plip',
				'pfsync',
				'enc',
				'tun',
				'carp',
				'lagg',
				'vip',
				'ipfw'
		);
	}
	switch ($mode) {
		case "active":
			$upints = pfSense_interface_listget(IFF_UP);
			break;
		case "media":
			$intlist = pfSense_interface_listget();
			$ifconfig = "";
			exec("/sbin/ifconfig -a", $ifconfig);
			$regexp = '/(' . implode('|', $intlist) . '):\s/';
			$ifstatus = preg_grep('/status:/', $ifconfig);
			foreach ($ifstatus as $status) {
				$int = array_shift($intlist);
				if (stristr($status, "active")) {
					$upints[] = $int;
				}
			}
			break;
		default:
			$upints = pfSense_interface_listget();
			break;
	}
	/* build interface list with netstat */
	$linkinfo = "";
	exec("/usr/bin/netstat -inW -f link | awk '{ print $1, $4 }'", $linkinfo);
	array_shift($linkinfo);
	/* build ip address list with netstat */
	$ipinfo = "";
	exec("/usr/bin/netstat -inW -f inet | awk '{ print $1, $4 }'", $ipinfo);
	array_shift($ipinfo);
	foreach ($linkinfo as $link) {
		$friendly = "";
		$alink = explode(" ", $link);
		$ifname = rtrim(trim($alink[0]), '*');
		/* trim out all numbers before checking for vfaces */
		if (!in_array(array_shift(preg_split('/\d/', $ifname)), $vfaces) &&
		    !stristr($ifname, "_vlan") && !stristr($ifname, "_wlan")) {
			$toput = array(
					"mac" => trim($alink[1]),
					"up" => in_array($ifname, $upints)
				);
			foreach ($ipinfo as $ip) {
				$aip = explode(" ", $ip);
				if ($aip[0] == $ifname) {
					$toput['ipaddr'] = $aip[1];
				}
			}
			if (is_array($config['interfaces'])) {
				foreach ($config['interfaces'] as $name => $int) {
					if ($int['if'] == $ifname) {
						$friendly = $name;
					}
				}
			}
			switch ($keyby) {
			case "physical":
				if ($friendly != "") {
					$toput['friendly'] = $friendly;
				}
				$dmesg_arr = array();
				exec("/sbin/dmesg |grep $ifname | head -n1", $dmesg_arr);
				preg_match_all("/<(.*?)>/i", $dmesg_arr[0], $dmesg);
				$toput['dmesg'] = $dmesg[1][0];
				$iflist[$ifname] = $toput;
				break;
			case "ppp":

			case "friendly":
				if ($friendly != "") {
					$toput['if'] = $ifname;
					$iflist[$friendly] = $toput;
				}
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	return $iflist;
}

/****f* util/log_error
* NAME
*   log_error  - Sends a string to syslog.
* INPUTS
*   $error     - string containing the syslog message.
* RESULT
*   null
******/
function log_error($error) {
	global $g;
	$page = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'];
	if (empty($page)) {
		$files = get_included_files();
		$page = basename($files[0]);
	}
	syslog(LOG_ERR, "$page: $error");
	if ($g['debug']) {
		syslog(LOG_WARNING, var_dump(debug_backtrace()));
	}
	return;
}

/****f* util/log_auth
* NAME
*   log_auth   - Sends a string to syslog as LOG_AUTH facility
* INPUTS
*   $error     - string containing the syslog message.
* RESULT
*   null
******/
function log_auth($error) {
	global $g;
	$page = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'];
	syslog(LOG_AUTH, "$page: $error");
	if ($g['debug']) {
		syslog(LOG_WARNING, var_dump(debug_backtrace()));
	}
	return;
}

/****f* util/exec_command
 * NAME
 *   exec_command - Execute a command and return a string of the result.
 * INPUTS
 *   $command   - String of the command to be executed.
 * RESULT
 *   String containing the command's result.
 * NOTES
 *   This function returns the command's stdout and stderr.
 ******/
function exec_command($command) {
	$output = array();
	exec($command . ' 2>&1', $output);
	return(implode("\n", $output));
}

/* wrapper for exec() */
function mwexec($command, $mute = false, $clearsigmask = false) {
	global $g;

	if ($g['debug']) {
		if (!$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) {
			echo "mwexec(): $command\n";
		}
	}
	$oarr = array();
	$retval = 0;

	if ($clearsigmask) {
		$oldset = array();
		pcntl_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, array(), $oldset);
	}
	$garbage = exec("$command 2>&1", $oarr, $retval);
	if ($clearsigmask) {
		pcntl_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, $oldset);
	}

	if (isset($config['system']['developerspew'])) {
		$mute = false;
	}
	if (($retval <> 0) && ($mute === false)) {
		$output = implode(" ", $oarr);
		log_error(sprintf(gettext("The command '%1\$s' returned exit code '%2\$d', the output was '%3\$s' "), $command, $retval, $output));
		unset($output);
	}
	unset($oarr);
	return $retval;
}

/* wrapper for exec() in background */
function mwexec_bg($command, $clearsigmask = false) {
	global $g;

	if ($g['debug']) {
		if (!$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) {
			echo "mwexec(): $command\n";
		}
	}

	if ($clearsigmask) {
		$oldset = array();
		pcntl_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, array(), $oldset);
	}
	$_gb = exec("/usr/bin/nohup $command > /dev/null 2>&1 &");
	if ($clearsigmask) {
		pcntl_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, $oldset);
	}
	unset($_gb);
}

/* unlink a file, if it exists */
function unlink_if_exists($fn) {
	$to_do = glob($fn);
	if (is_array($to_do)) {
		foreach ($to_do as $filename) {
			@unlink($filename);
		}
	} else {
		@unlink($fn);
	}
}
/* make a global alias table (for faster lookups) */
function alias_make_table($config) {
	global $aliastable;

	$aliastable = array();

	if (is_array($config['aliases']['alias'])) {
		foreach ($config['aliases']['alias'] as $alias) {
			if ($alias['name']) {
				$aliastable[$alias['name']] = $alias['address'];
			}
		}
	}
}

/* check if an alias exists */
function is_alias($name) {
	global $aliastable;

	return isset($aliastable[$name]);
}

function alias_get_type($name) {
	global $config;

	if (is_array($config['aliases']['alias'])) {
		foreach ($config['aliases']['alias'] as $alias) {
			if ($name == $alias['name']) {
				return $alias['type'];
			}
		}
	}

	return "";
}

/* expand a host or network alias, if necessary */
function alias_expand($name) {
	global $aliastable;

	if (isset($aliastable[$name])) {
		// alias names cannot be strictly numeric. redmine #4289
		if (is_numericint($name)) {
			return null;
		}
		return "\${$name}";
	} else if (is_ipaddr($name) || is_subnet($name) || is_port($name) || is_portrange($name)) {
		return "{$name}";
	} else {
		return null;
	}
}

function alias_expand_urltable($name) {
	global $config;
	$urltable_prefix = "/var/db/aliastables/";
	$urltable_filename = $urltable_prefix . $name . ".txt";

	if (is_array($config['aliases']['alias'])) {
		foreach ($config['aliases']['alias'] as $alias) {
			if (preg_match("/urltable/i", $alias['type']) && ($alias['name'] == $name)) {
				if (is_URL($alias["url"]) && file_exists($urltable_filename) && filesize($urltable_filename)) {
					return $urltable_filename;
				} else {
					send_event("service sync alias {$name}");
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return null;
}

/* verify (and remove) the digital signature on a file - returns 0 if OK */
function verify_digital_signature($fname) {
	global $g;

	if (!file_exists("/usr/local/sbin/gzsig")) {
		return 4;
	}

	return mwexec("/usr/local/sbin/gzsig verify {$g['etc_path']}/pubkey.pem < " . escapeshellarg($fname));
}

/* obtain MAC address given an IP address by looking at the ARP table */
function arp_get_mac_by_ip($ip) {
	mwexec("/sbin/ping -c 1 -t 1 " . escapeshellarg($ip), true);
	$arpoutput = "";
	exec("/usr/sbin/arp -n " . escapeshellarg($ip), $arpoutput);

	if ($arpoutput[0]) {
		$arpi = explode(" ", $arpoutput[0]);
		$macaddr = $arpi[3];
		if (is_macaddr($macaddr)) {
			return $macaddr;
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}

	return false;
}

/* return a fieldname that is safe for xml usage */
function xml_safe_fieldname($fieldname) {
	$replace = array('/', '-', ' ', '!', '@', '#', '$', '%', '^', '&', '*', '(', ')',
			 '_', '+', '=', '{', '}', '[', ']', '|', '/', '<', '>', '?',
			 ':', ',', '.', '\'', '\\'
		);
	return strtolower(str_replace($replace, "", $fieldname));
}

function mac_format($clientmac) {
	global $config, $cpzone;

	$mac = explode(":", $clientmac);
	$mac_format = $cpzone ? $config['captiveportal'][$cpzone]['radmac_format'] : false;

	switch ($mac_format) {
		case 'singledash':
			return "$mac[0]$mac[1]$mac[2]-$mac[3]$mac[4]$mac[5]";

		case 'ietf':
			return "$mac[0]-$mac[1]-$mac[2]-$mac[3]-$mac[4]-$mac[5]";

		case 'cisco':
			return "$mac[0]$mac[1].$mac[2]$mac[3].$mac[4]$mac[5]";

		case 'unformatted':
			return "$mac[0]$mac[1]$mac[2]$mac[3]$mac[4]$mac[5]";

		default:
			return $clientmac;
	}
}

function resolve_retry($hostname, $retries = 5) {

	if (is_ipaddr($hostname)) {
		return $hostname;
	}

	for ($i = 0; $i < $retries; $i++) {
		// FIXME: gethostbyname does not work for AAAA hostnames, boo, hiss
		$ip = gethostbyname($hostname);

		if ($ip && $ip != $hostname) {
			/* success */
			return $ip;
		}

		sleep(1);
	}

	return false;
}

function format_bytes($bytes) {
	if ($bytes >= 1073741824) {
		return sprintf("%.2f GB", $bytes/1073741824);
	} else if ($bytes >= 1048576) {
		return sprintf("%.2f MB", $bytes/1048576);
	} else if ($bytes >= 1024) {
		return sprintf("%.0f KB", $bytes/1024);
	} else {
		return sprintf("%d bytes", $bytes);
	}
}

function update_filter_reload_status($text) {
	global $g;

	file_put_contents("{$g['varrun_path']}/filter_reload_status", $text);
}

/****** util/return_dir_as_array
 * NAME
 *   return_dir_as_array - Return a directory's contents as an array.
 * INPUTS
 *   $dir          - string containing the path to the desired directory.
 *   $filter_regex - string containing a regular expression to filter file names. Default empty.
 * RESULT
 *   $dir_array - array containing the directory's contents. This array will be empty if the path specified is invalid.
 ******/
function return_dir_as_array($dir, $filter_regex = '') {
	$dir_array = array();
	if (is_dir($dir)) {
		if ($dh = opendir($dir)) {
			while (($file = readdir($dh)) !== false) {
				if (($file == ".") || ($file == "..")) {
					continue;
				}

				if (empty($filter_regex) || preg_match($filter_regex, $file)) {
					array_push($dir_array, $file);
				}
			}
			closedir($dh);
		}
	}
	return $dir_array;
}

function run_plugins($directory) {
	global $config, $g;

	/* process packager manager custom rules */
	$files = return_dir_as_array($directory);
	if (is_array($files)) {
		foreach ($files as $file) {
			if (stristr($file, ".sh") == true) {
				mwexec($directory . $file . " start");
			} else if (!is_dir($directory . "/" . $file) && stristr($file, ".inc")) {
				require_once($directory . "/" . $file);
			}
		}
	}
}

/*
 *    safe_mkdir($path, $mode = 0755)
 *    create directory if it doesn't already exist and isn't a file!
 */
function safe_mkdir($path, $mode = 0755) {
	global $g;

	if (!is_file($path) && !is_dir($path)) {
		return @mkdir($path, $mode, true);
	} else {
		return false;
	}
}

/*
 * get_sysctl($names)
 * Get values of sysctl OID's listed in $names (accepts an array or a single
 * name) and return an array of key/value pairs set for those that exist
 */
function get_sysctl($names) {
	if (empty($names)) {
		return array();
	}

	if (is_array($names)) {
		$name_list = array();
		foreach ($names as $name) {
			$name_list[] = escapeshellarg($name);
		}
	} else {
		$name_list = array(escapeshellarg($names));
	}

	exec("/sbin/sysctl -i " . implode(" ", $name_list), $output);
	$values = array();
	foreach ($output as $line) {
		$line = explode(": ", $line, 2);
		if (count($line) == 2) {
			$values[$line[0]] = $line[1];
		}
	}

	return $values;
}

/*
 * get_single_sysctl($name)
 * Wrapper for get_sysctl() to simplify read of a single sysctl value
 * return the value for sysctl $name or empty string if it doesn't exist
 */
function get_single_sysctl($name) {
	if (empty($name)) {
		return "";
	}

	$value = get_sysctl($name);
	if (empty($value) || !isset($value[$name])) {
		return "";
	}

	return $value[$name];
}

/*
 * set_sysctl($value_list)
 * Set sysctl OID's listed as key/value pairs and return
 * an array with keys set for those that succeeded
 */
function set_sysctl($values) {
	if (empty($values)) {
		return array();
	}

	$value_list = array();
	foreach ($values as $key => $value) {
		$value_list[] = escapeshellarg($key) . "=" . escapeshellarg($value);
	}

	exec("/sbin/sysctl -i " . implode(" ", $value_list), $output, $success);

	/* Retry individually if failed (one or more read-only) */
	if ($success <> 0 && count($value_list) > 1) {
		foreach ($value_list as $value) {
			exec("/sbin/sysctl -i " . $value, $output);
		}
	}

	$ret = array();
	foreach ($output as $line) {
		$line = explode(": ", $line, 2);
		if (count($line) == 2) {
			$ret[$line[0]] = true;
		}
	}

	return $ret;
}

/*
 * set_single_sysctl($name, $value)
 * Wrapper to set_sysctl() to make it simple to set only one sysctl
 * returns boolean meaning if it succeeded
 */
function set_single_sysctl($name, $value) {
	if (empty($name)) {
		return false;
	}

	$result = set_sysctl(array($name => $value));

	if (!isset($result[$name]) || $result[$name] != $value) {
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

/*
 *     get_memory()
 *     returns an array listing the amount of
 *     memory installed in the hardware
 *     [0] net memory available for the OS (FreeBSD) after some is taken by BIOS, video or whatever - e.g. 235 MBytes
 *     [1] real (actual) memory of the system, should be the size of the RAM card/s - e.g. 256 MBytes
 */
function get_memory() {
	$physmem = get_single_sysctl("hw.physmem");
	$realmem = get_single_sysctl("hw.realmem");
	/* convert from bytes to megabytes */
	return array(($physmem/1048576), ($realmem/1048576));
}

function mute_kernel_msgs() {
	global $g, $config;
	// Do not mute serial console.  The kernel gets very very cranky
	// and will start dishing you cannot control tty errors.
	if ($g['platform'] == 'nanobsd') {
		return;
	}
	if ($config['system']['enableserial']) {
		return;
	}
	exec("/sbin/conscontrol mute on");
}

function unmute_kernel_msgs() {
	global $g;
	// Do not mute serial console.  The kernel gets very very cranky
	// and will start dishing you cannot control tty errors.
	if ($g['platform'] == 'nanobsd') {
		return;
	}
	exec("/sbin/conscontrol mute off");
}

function start_devd() {
	/* Use the undocumented -q options of devd to quiet its log spamming */
	$_gb = exec("/sbin/devd -q");
	sleep(1);
	unset($_gb);
}

function is_interface_vlan_mismatch() {
	global $config, $g;

	if (is_array($config['vlans']['vlan'])) {
		foreach ($config['vlans']['vlan'] as $vlan) {
			if (does_interface_exist($vlan['if']) == false) {
				return true;
			}
		}
	}

	return false;
}

function is_interface_mismatch() {
	global $config, $g;

	$do_assign = false;
	$i = 0;
	$missing_interfaces = array();
	if (is_array($config['interfaces'])) {
		foreach ($config['interfaces'] as $ifname => $ifcfg) {
			if (preg_match("/^enc|^cua|^tun|^tap|^l2tp|^pptp|^ppp|^ovpn|^gif|^gre|^lagg|^bridge|vlan|_wlan/i", $ifcfg['if'])) {
				// Do not check these interfaces.
				$i++;
				continue;
			} else if (does_interface_exist($ifcfg['if']) == false) {
				$missing_interfaces[] = $ifcfg['if'];
				$do_assign = true;
			} else {
				$i++;
			}
		}
	}

	if (file_exists("{$g['tmp_path']}/assign_complete")) {
		$do_assign = false;
	}

	if (!empty($missing_interfaces) && $do_assign) {
		file_put_contents("{$g['tmp_path']}/missing_interfaces", implode(' ', $missing_interfaces));
	} else {
		@unlink("{$g['tmp_path']}/missing_interfaces");
	}

	return $do_assign;
}

/* sync carp entries to other firewalls */
function carp_sync_client() {
	global $g;
	send_event("filter sync");
}

/****f* util/isAjax
 * NAME
 *   isAjax - reports if the request is driven from prototype
 * INPUTS
 *   none
 * RESULT
 *   true/false
 ******/
function isAjax() {
	return isset ($_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH']) && $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH'] == 'XMLHttpRequest';
}

/****f* util/timeout
 * NAME
 *   timeout - console input with timeout countdown. Note: erases 2 char of screen for timer. Leave space.
 * INPUTS
 *   optional, seconds to wait before timeout. Default 9 seconds.
 * RESULT
 *   returns 1 char of user input or null if no input.
 ******/
function timeout($timer = 9) {
	while (!isset($key)) {
		if ($timer >= 9) {
			echo chr(8) . chr(8) . ($timer == 9 ? chr(32) : null) . "{$timer}";
		} else {
			echo chr(8). "{$timer}";
		}
		`/bin/stty -icanon min 0 time 25`;
		$key = trim(`KEY=\`dd count=1 2>/dev/null\`; echo \$KEY`);
		`/bin/stty icanon`;
		if ($key == '') {
			unset($key);
		}
		$timer--;
		if ($timer == 0) {
			break;
		}
	}
	return $key;
}

/****f* util/msort
 * NAME
 *   msort - sort array
 * INPUTS
 *   $array to be sorted, field to sort by, direction of sort
 * RESULT
 *   returns newly sorted array
 ******/
function msort($array, $id = "id", $sort_ascending = true) {
	$temp_array = array();
	while (count($array)>0) {
		$lowest_id = 0;
		$index = 0;
		foreach ($array as $item) {
			if (isset($item[$id])) {
				if ($array[$lowest_id][$id]) {
					if (strtolower($item[$id]) < strtolower($array[$lowest_id][$id])) {
						$lowest_id = $index;
					}
				}
			}
			$index++;
		}
		$temp_array[] = $array[$lowest_id];
		$array = array_merge(array_slice($array, 0, $lowest_id), array_slice($array, $lowest_id + 1));
	}
	if ($sort_ascending) {
		return $temp_array;
	} else {
		return array_reverse($temp_array);
	}
}

/****f* util/is_URL
 * NAME
 *   is_URL
 * INPUTS
 *   string to check
 * RESULT
 *   Returns true if item is a URL
 ******/
function is_URL($url) {
	$match = preg_match("'\b(([\w-]+://?|www[.])[^\s()<>]+(?:\([\w\d]+\)|([^[:punct:]\s]|/)))'", $url);
	if ($match) {
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}

function is_file_included($file = "") {
	$files = get_included_files();
	if (in_array($file, $files)) {
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

/*
 * Replace a value on a deep associative array using regex
 */
function array_replace_values_recursive($data, $match, $replace) {
	if (empty($data)) {
		return $data;
	}

	if (is_string($data)) {
		$data = preg_replace("/{$match}/", $replace, $data);
	} else if (is_array($data)) {
		foreach ($data as $k => $v) {
			$data[$k] = array_replace_values_recursive($v, $match, $replace);
		}
	}

	return $data;
}

/*
	This function was borrowed from a comment on PHP.net at the following URL:
	http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.array-merge-recursive.php#73843
 */
function array_merge_recursive_unique($array0, $array1) {

	$arrays = func_get_args();
	$remains = $arrays;

	// We walk through each arrays and put value in the results (without
	// considering previous value).
	$result = array();

	// loop available array
	foreach ($arrays as $array) {

		// The first remaining array is $array. We are processing it. So
		// we remove it from remaining arrays.
		array_shift($remains);

		// We don't care non array param, like array_merge since PHP 5.0.
		if (is_array($array)) {
			// Loop values
			foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
				if (is_array($value)) {
					// we gather all remaining arrays that have such key available
					$args = array();
					foreach ($remains as $remain) {
						if (array_key_exists($key, $remain)) {
							array_push($args, $remain[$key]);
						}
					}

					if (count($args) > 2) {
						// put the recursion
						$result[$key] = call_user_func_array(__FUNCTION__, $args);
					} else {
						foreach ($value as $vkey => $vval) {
							$result[$key][$vkey] = $vval;
						}
					}
				} else {
					// simply put the value
					$result[$key] = $value;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return $result;
}


/*
 * converts a string like "a,b,c,d"
 * into an array like array("a" => "b", "c" => "d")
 */
function explode_assoc($delimiter, $string) {
	$array = explode($delimiter, $string);
	$result = array();
	$numkeys = floor(count($array) / 2);
	for ($i = 0; $i < $numkeys; $i += 1) {
		$result[$array[$i * 2]] = $array[$i * 2 + 1];
	}
	return $result;
}

function get_staticroutes($returnsubnetsonly = false, $returnhostnames = false) {
	global $config, $aliastable;

	/* Bail if there are no routes, but return an array always so callers don't have to check. */
	if (!is_array($config['staticroutes']['route'])) {
		return array();
	}

	$allstaticroutes = array();
	$allsubnets = array();
	/* Loop through routes and expand aliases as we find them. */
	foreach ($config['staticroutes']['route'] as $route) {
		if (is_alias($route['network'])) {
			if (!isset($aliastable[$route['network']])) {
				continue;
			}

			$subnets = preg_split('/\s+/', $aliastable[$route['network']]);
			foreach ($subnets as $net) {
				if (!is_subnet($net)) {
					if (is_ipaddrv4($net)) {
						$net .= "/32";
					} else if (is_ipaddrv6($net)) {
						$net .= "/128";
					} else if ($returnhostnames === false || !is_fqdn($net)) {
						continue;
					}
				}
				$temproute = $route;
				$temproute['network'] = $net;
				$allstaticroutes[] = $temproute;
				$allsubnets[] = $net;
			}
		} elseif (is_subnet($route['network'])) {
			$allstaticroutes[] = $route;
			$allsubnets[] = $route['network'];
		}
	}
	if ($returnsubnetsonly) {
		return $allsubnets;
	} else {
		return $allstaticroutes;
	}
}

/****f* util/get_alias_list
 * NAME
 *   get_alias_list - Provide a list of aliases.
 * INPUTS
 *   $type          - Optional, can be a string or array specifying what type(s) of aliases you need.
 * RESULT
 *   Array containing list of aliases.
 *   If $type is unspecified, all aliases are returned.
 *   If $type is a string, all aliases of the type specified in $type are returned.
 *   If $type is an array, all aliases of any type specified in any element of $type are returned.
 */
function get_alias_list($type = null) {
	global $config;
	$result = array();
	if ($config['aliases']['alias'] <> "" && is_array($config['aliases']['alias'])) {
		foreach ($config['aliases']['alias'] as $alias) {
			if ($type === null) {
				$result[] = $alias['name'];
			} else if (is_array($type)) {
				if (in_array($alias['type'], $type)) {
					$result[] = $alias['name'];
				}
			} else if ($type === $alias['type']) {
				$result[] = $alias['name'];
			}
		}
	}
	return $result;
}

/* returns an array consisting of every element of $haystack that is not equal to $needle. */
function array_exclude($needle, $haystack) {
	$result = array();
	if (is_array($haystack)) {
		foreach ($haystack as $thing) {
			if ($needle !== $thing) {
				$result[] = $thing;
			}
		}
	}
	return $result;
}

function get_current_theme() {
	global $config, $g;
	/*
	 *   if user has selected a custom template, use it.
	 *   otherwise default to pfsense template
	 */
	if (($g["disablethemeselection"] === true) && !empty($g["default_theme"]) && (is_dir($g["www_path"].'/themes/'.$g["default_theme"]))) {
		$theme = $g["default_theme"];
	} elseif ($config['theme'] <> "" && (is_dir($g["www_path"].'/themes/'.$config['theme']))) {
		$theme = $config['theme'];
	} else {
		$theme = "pfsense";
	}
	/*
	 *  If this device is an apple ipod/iphone
	 *  switch the theme to one that works with it.
	 */
	$lowres_ua = array("iPhone", "iPod", "iPad", "Android", "BlackBerry", "Opera Mini", "Opera Mobi", "PlayBook", "IEMobile");
	foreach ($lowres_ua as $useragent) {
		if (strstr($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], $useragent)) {
			$theme = (empty($g['theme_lowres']) && (is_dir($g["www_path"].'/themes/'.$g['theme_lowres']))) ? "pfsense" : $g['theme_lowres'];
		}
	}
	return $theme;
}

/* Define what is preferred, IPv4 or IPv6 */
function prefer_ipv4_or_ipv6() {
	global $config;

	if (isset($config['system']['prefer_ipv4'])) {
		mwexec("/etc/rc.d/ip6addrctl prefer_ipv4");
	} else {
		mwexec("/etc/rc.d/ip6addrctl prefer_ipv6");
	}
}

/* Redirect to page passing parameters via POST */
function post_redirect($page, $params) {
	if (!is_array($params)) {
		return;
	}

	print "<html><body><form action=\"{$page}\" name=\"formredir\" method=\"post\">\n";
	foreach ($params as $key => $value) {
		print "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"{$key}\" value=\"{$value}\" />\n";
	}
	print "</form><script type=\"text/javascript\">document.formredir.submit();</script>\n";
	print "</body></html>\n";
}

/* Locate disks that can be queried for S.M.A.R.T. data. */
function get_smart_drive_list() {
	$disk_list = explode(" ", get_single_sysctl("kern.disks"));
	foreach ($disk_list as $id => $disk) {
		// We only want certain kinds of disks for S.M.A.R.T.
		// 1 is a match, 0 is no match, False is any problem processing the regex
		if (preg_match("/^(ad|da|ada).*[0-9]{1,2}$/", $disk) !== 1) {
			unset($disk_list[$id]);
		}
	}
	sort($disk_list);
	return $disk_list;
}

?>