summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/Documentation/acpi/enumeration.txt
blob: 15dfce708ebf6ec3263ac0d66ff2b6f3a57471d4 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
ACPI based device enumeration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ACPI 5 introduced a set of new resources (UartTSerialBus, I2cSerialBus,
SpiSerialBus, GpioIo and GpioInt) which can be used in enumerating slave
devices behind serial bus controllers.

In addition we are starting to see peripherals integrated in the
SoC/Chipset to appear only in ACPI namespace. These are typically devices
that are accessed through memory-mapped registers.

In order to support this and re-use the existing drivers as much as
possible we decided to do following:

	o Devices that have no bus connector resource are represented as
	  platform devices.

	o Devices behind real busses where there is a connector resource
	  are represented as struct spi_device or struct i2c_device
	  (standard UARTs are not busses so there is no struct uart_device).

As both ACPI and Device Tree represent a tree of devices (and their
resources) this implementation follows the Device Tree way as much as
possible.

The ACPI implementation enumerates devices behind busses (platform, SPI and
I2C), creates the physical devices and binds them to their ACPI handle in
the ACPI namespace.

This means that when ACPI_HANDLE(dev) returns non-NULL the device was
enumerated from ACPI namespace. This handle can be used to extract other
device-specific configuration. There is an example of this below.

Platform bus support
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Since we are using platform devices to represent devices that are not
connected to any physical bus we only need to implement a platform driver
for the device and add supported ACPI IDs. If this same IP-block is used on
some other non-ACPI platform, the driver might work out of the box or needs
some minor changes.

Adding ACPI support for an existing driver should be pretty
straightforward. Here is the simplest example:

	#ifdef CONFIG_ACPI
	static struct acpi_device_id mydrv_acpi_match[] = {
		/* ACPI IDs here */
		{ }
	};
	MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(acpi, mydrv_acpi_match);
	#endif

	static struct platform_driver my_driver = {
		...
		.driver = {
			.acpi_match_table = ACPI_PTR(mydrv_acpi_match),
		},
	};

If the driver needs to perform more complex initialization like getting and
configuring GPIOs it can get its ACPI handle and extract this information
from ACPI tables.

DMA support
~~~~~~~~~~~
DMA controllers enumerated via ACPI should be registered in the system to
provide generic access to their resources. For example, a driver that would
like to be accessible to slave devices via generic API call
dma_request_slave_channel() must register itself at the end of the probe
function like this:

	err = devm_acpi_dma_controller_register(dev, xlate_func, dw);
	/* Handle the error if it's not a case of !CONFIG_ACPI */

and implement custom xlate function if needed (usually acpi_dma_simple_xlate()
is enough) which converts the FixedDMA resource provided by struct
acpi_dma_spec into the corresponding DMA channel. A piece of code for that case
could look like:

	#ifdef CONFIG_ACPI
	struct filter_args {
		/* Provide necessary information for the filter_func */
		...
	};

	static bool filter_func(struct dma_chan *chan, void *param)
	{
		/* Choose the proper channel */
		...
	}

	static struct dma_chan *xlate_func(struct acpi_dma_spec *dma_spec,
			struct acpi_dma *adma)
	{
		dma_cap_mask_t cap;
		struct filter_args args;

		/* Prepare arguments for filter_func */
		...
		return dma_request_channel(cap, filter_func, &args);
	}
	#else
	static struct dma_chan *xlate_func(struct acpi_dma_spec *dma_spec,
			struct acpi_dma *adma)
	{
		return NULL;
	}
	#endif

dma_request_slave_channel() will call xlate_func() for each registered DMA
controller. In the xlate function the proper channel must be chosen based on
information in struct acpi_dma_spec and the properties of the controller
provided by struct acpi_dma.

Clients must call dma_request_slave_channel() with the string parameter that
corresponds to a specific FixedDMA resource. By default "tx" means the first
entry of the FixedDMA resource array, "rx" means the second entry. The table
below shows a layout:

	Device (I2C0)
	{
		...
		Method (_CRS, 0, NotSerialized)
		{
			Name (DBUF, ResourceTemplate ()
			{
				FixedDMA (0x0018, 0x0004, Width32bit, _Y48)
				FixedDMA (0x0019, 0x0005, Width32bit, )
			})
		...
		}
	}

So, the FixedDMA with request line 0x0018 is "tx" and next one is "rx" in
this example.

In robust cases the client unfortunately needs to call
acpi_dma_request_slave_chan_by_index() directly and therefore choose the
specific FixedDMA resource by its index.

SPI serial bus support
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Slave devices behind SPI bus have SpiSerialBus resource attached to them.
This is extracted automatically by the SPI core and the slave devices are
enumerated once spi_register_master() is called by the bus driver.

Here is what the ACPI namespace for a SPI slave might look like:

	Device (EEP0)
	{
		Name (_ADR, 1)
		Name (_CID, Package() {
			"ATML0025",
			"AT25",
		})
		...
		Method (_CRS, 0, NotSerialized)
		{
			SPISerialBus(1, PolarityLow, FourWireMode, 8,
				ControllerInitiated, 1000000, ClockPolarityLow,
				ClockPhaseFirst, "\\_SB.PCI0.SPI1",)
		}
		...

The SPI device drivers only need to add ACPI IDs in a similar way than with
the platform device drivers. Below is an example where we add ACPI support
to at25 SPI eeprom driver (this is meant for the above ACPI snippet):

	#ifdef CONFIG_ACPI
	static struct acpi_device_id at25_acpi_match[] = {
		{ "AT25", 0 },
		{ },
	};
	MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(acpi, at25_acpi_match);
	#endif

	static struct spi_driver at25_driver = {
		.driver = {
			...
			.acpi_match_table = ACPI_PTR(at25_acpi_match),
		},
	};

Note that this driver actually needs more information like page size of the
eeprom etc. but at the time writing this there is no standard way of
passing those. One idea is to return this in _DSM method like:

	Device (EEP0)
	{
		...
		Method (_DSM, 4, NotSerialized)
		{
			Store (Package (6)
			{
				"byte-len", 1024,
				"addr-mode", 2,
				"page-size, 32
			}, Local0)

			// Check UUIDs etc.

			Return (Local0)
		}

Then the at25 SPI driver can get this configuration by calling _DSM on its
ACPI handle like:

	struct acpi_buffer output = { ACPI_ALLOCATE_BUFFER, NULL };
	struct acpi_object_list input;
	acpi_status status;

	/* Fill in the input buffer */

	status = acpi_evaluate_object(ACPI_HANDLE(&spi->dev), "_DSM",
				      &input, &output);
	if (ACPI_FAILURE(status))
		/* Handle the error */

	/* Extract the data here */

	kfree(output.pointer);

I2C serial bus support
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The slaves behind I2C bus controller only need to add the ACPI IDs like
with the platform and SPI drivers. The I2C core automatically enumerates
any slave devices behind the controller device once the adapter is
registered.

Below is an example of how to add ACPI support to the existing mpu3050
input driver:

	#ifdef CONFIG_ACPI
	static struct acpi_device_id mpu3050_acpi_match[] = {
		{ "MPU3050", 0 },
		{ },
	};
	MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(acpi, mpu3050_acpi_match);
	#endif

	static struct i2c_driver mpu3050_i2c_driver = {
		.driver	= {
			.name	= "mpu3050",
			.owner	= THIS_MODULE,
			.pm	= &mpu3050_pm,
			.of_match_table = mpu3050_of_match,
			.acpi_match_table = ACPI_PTR(mpu3050_acpi_match),
		},
		.probe		= mpu3050_probe,
		.remove		= mpu3050_remove,
		.id_table	= mpu3050_ids,
	};

GPIO support
~~~~~~~~~~~~
ACPI 5 introduced two new resources to describe GPIO connections: GpioIo
and GpioInt. These resources can be used to pass GPIO numbers used by
the device to the driver. ACPI 5.1 extended this with _DSD (Device
Specific Data) which made it possible to name the GPIOs among other things.

For example:

Device (DEV)
{
	Method (_CRS, 0, NotSerialized)
	{
		Name (SBUF, ResourceTemplate()
		{
			...
			// Used to power on/off the device
			GpioIo (Exclusive, PullDefault, 0x0000, 0x0000,
				IoRestrictionOutputOnly, "\\_SB.PCI0.GPI0",
				0x00, ResourceConsumer,,)
			{
				// Pin List
				0x0055
			}

			// Interrupt for the device
			GpioInt (Edge, ActiveHigh, ExclusiveAndWake, PullNone,
				 0x0000, "\\_SB.PCI0.GPI0", 0x00, ResourceConsumer,,)
			{
				// Pin list
				0x0058
			}

			...

		}

		Return (SBUF)
	}

	// ACPI 5.1 _DSD used for naming the GPIOs
	Name (_DSD, Package ()
	{
		ToUUID("daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301"),
		Package ()
		{
			Package () {"power-gpios", Package() {^DEV, 0, 0, 0 }},
			Package () {"irq-gpios", Package() {^DEV, 1, 0, 0 }},
		}
	})
	...

These GPIO numbers are controller relative and path "\\_SB.PCI0.GPI0"
specifies the path to the controller. In order to use these GPIOs in Linux
we need to translate them to the corresponding Linux GPIO descriptors.

There is a standard GPIO API for that and is documented in
Documentation/gpio/.

In the above example we can get the corresponding two GPIO descriptors with
a code like this:

	#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
	...

	struct gpio_desc *irq_desc, *power_desc;

	irq_desc = gpiod_get(dev, "irq");
	if (IS_ERR(irq_desc))
		/* handle error */

	power_desc = gpiod_get(dev, "power");
	if (IS_ERR(power_desc))
		/* handle error */

	/* Now we can use the GPIO descriptors */

There are also devm_* versions of these functions which release the
descriptors once the device is released.

See Documentation/acpi/gpio-properties.txt for more information about the
_DSD binding related to GPIOs.

MFD devices
~~~~~~~~~~~
The MFD devices register their children as platform devices. For the child
devices there needs to be an ACPI handle that they can use to reference
parts of the ACPI namespace that relate to them. In the Linux MFD subsystem
we provide two ways:

	o The children share the parent ACPI handle.
	o The MFD cell can specify the ACPI id of the device.

For the first case, the MFD drivers do not need to do anything. The
resulting child platform device will have its ACPI_COMPANION() set to point
to the parent device.

If the ACPI namespace has a device that we can match using an ACPI id,
the id should be set like:

	static struct mfd_cell my_subdevice_cell = {
		.name = "my_subdevice",
		/* set the resources relative to the parent */
		.acpi_pnpid = "XYZ0001",
	};

The ACPI id "XYZ0001" is then used to lookup an ACPI device directly under
the MFD device and if found, that ACPI companion device is bound to the
resulting child platform device.
OpenPOWER on IntegriCloud