/* * kexec.c - kexec system call * Copyright (C) 2002-2004 Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> * * This source code is licensed under the GNU General Public License, * Version 2. See the file COPYING for more details. */ #define pr_fmt(fmt) "kexec: " fmt #include <linux/capability.h> #include <linux/mm.h> #include <linux/file.h> #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/kexec.h> #include <linux/mutex.h> #include <linux/list.h> #include <linux/highmem.h> #include <linux/syscalls.h> #include <linux/reboot.h> #include <linux/ioport.h> #include <linux/hardirq.h> #include <linux/elf.h> #include <linux/elfcore.h> #include <linux/utsname.h> #include <linux/numa.h> #include <linux/suspend.h> #include <linux/device.h> #include <linux/freezer.h> #include <linux/pm.h> #include <linux/cpu.h> #include <linux/console.h> #include <linux/vmalloc.h> #include <linux/swap.h> #include <linux/syscore_ops.h> #include <linux/compiler.h> #include <linux/hugetlb.h> #include <asm/page.h> #include <asm/uaccess.h> #include <asm/io.h> #include <asm/sections.h> #include <crypto/hash.h> #include <crypto/sha.h> /* Per cpu memory for storing cpu states in case of system crash. */ note_buf_t __percpu *crash_notes; /* vmcoreinfo stuff */ static unsigned char vmcoreinfo_data[VMCOREINFO_BYTES]; u32 vmcoreinfo_note[VMCOREINFO_NOTE_SIZE/4]; size_t vmcoreinfo_size; size_t vmcoreinfo_max_size = sizeof(vmcoreinfo_data); /* Flag to indicate we are going to kexec a new kernel */ bool kexec_in_progress = false; /* * Declare these symbols weak so that if architecture provides a purgatory, * these will be overridden. */ char __weak kexec_purgatory[0]; size_t __weak kexec_purgatory_size = 0; #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE static int kexec_calculate_store_digests(struct kimage *image); #endif /* Location of the reserved area for the crash kernel */ struct resource crashk_res = { .name = "Crash kernel", .start = 0, .end = 0, .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM }; struct resource crashk_low_res = { .name = "Crash kernel", .start = 0, .end = 0, .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM }; int kexec_should_crash(struct task_struct *p) { if (in_interrupt() || !p->pid || is_global_init(p) || panic_on_oops) return 1; return 0; } /* * When kexec transitions to the new kernel there is a one-to-one * mapping between physical and virtual addresses. On processors * where you can disable the MMU this is trivial, and easy. For * others it is still a simple predictable page table to setup. * * In that environment kexec copies the new kernel to its final * resting place. This means I can only support memory whose * physical address can fit in an unsigned long. In particular * addresses where (pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) > ULONG_MAX cannot be handled. * If the assembly stub has more restrictive requirements * KEXEC_SOURCE_MEMORY_LIMIT and KEXEC_DEST_MEMORY_LIMIT can be * defined more restrictively in <asm/kexec.h>. * * The code for the transition from the current kernel to the * the new kernel is placed in the control_code_buffer, whose size * is given by KEXEC_CONTROL_PAGE_SIZE. In the best case only a single * page of memory is necessary, but some architectures require more. * Because this memory must be identity mapped in the transition from * virtual to physical addresses it must live in the range * 0 - TASK_SIZE, as only the user space mappings are arbitrarily * modifiable. * * The assembly stub in the control code buffer is passed a linked list * of descriptor pages detailing the source pages of the new kernel, * and the destination addresses of those source pages. As this data * structure is not used in the context of the current OS, it must * be self-contained. * * The code has been made to work with highmem pages and will use a * destination page in its final resting place (if it happens * to allocate it). The end product of this is that most of the * physical address space, and most of RAM can be used. * * Future directions include: * - allocating a page table with the control code buffer identity * mapped, to simplify machine_kexec and make kexec_on_panic more * reliable. */ /* * KIMAGE_NO_DEST is an impossible destination address..., for * allocating pages whose destination address we do not care about. */ #define KIMAGE_NO_DEST (-1UL) static int kimage_is_destination_range(struct kimage *image, unsigned long start, unsigned long end); static struct page *kimage_alloc_page(struct kimage *image, gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned long dest); static int copy_user_segment_list(struct kimage *image, unsigned long nr_segments, struct kexec_segment __user *segments) { int ret; size_t segment_bytes; /* Read in the segments */ image->nr_segments = nr_segments; segment_bytes = nr_segments * sizeof(*segments); ret = copy_from_user(image->segment, segments, segment_bytes); if (ret) ret = -EFAULT; return ret; } static int sanity_check_segment_list(struct kimage *image) { int result, i; unsigned long nr_segments = image->nr_segments; /* * Verify we have good destination addresses. The caller is * responsible for making certain we don't attempt to load * the new image into invalid or reserved areas of RAM. This * just verifies it is an address we can use. * * Since the kernel does everything in page size chunks ensure * the destination addresses are page aligned. Too many * special cases crop of when we don't do this. The most * insidious is getting overlapping destination addresses * simply because addresses are changed to page size * granularity. */ result = -EADDRNOTAVAIL; for (i = 0; i < nr_segments; i++) { unsigned long mstart, mend; mstart = image->segment[i].mem; mend = mstart + image->segment[i].memsz; if ((mstart & ~PAGE_MASK) || (mend & ~PAGE_MASK)) return result; if (mend >= KEXEC_DESTINATION_MEMORY_LIMIT) return result; } /* Verify our destination addresses do not overlap. * If we alloed overlapping destination addresses * through very weird things can happen with no * easy explanation as one segment stops on another. */ result = -EINVAL; for (i = 0; i < nr_segments; i++) { unsigned long mstart, mend; unsigned long j; mstart = image->segment[i].mem; mend = mstart + image->segment[i].memsz; for (j = 0; j < i; j++) { unsigned long pstart, pend; pstart = image->segment[j].mem; pend = pstart + image->segment[j].memsz; /* Do the segments overlap ? */ if ((mend > pstart) && (mstart < pend)) return result; } } /* Ensure our buffer sizes are strictly less than * our memory sizes. This should always be the case, * and it is easier to check up front than to be surprised * later on. */ result = -EINVAL; for (i = 0; i < nr_segments; i++) { if (image->segment[i].bufsz > image->segment[i].memsz) return result; } /* * Verify we have good destination addresses. Normally * the caller is responsible for making certain we don't * attempt to load the new image into invalid or reserved * areas of RAM. But crash kernels are preloaded into a * reserved area of ram. We must ensure the addresses * are in the reserved area otherwise preloading the * kernel could corrupt things. */ if (image->type == KEXEC_TYPE_CRASH) { result = -EADDRNOTAVAIL; for (i = 0; i < nr_segments; i++) { unsigned long mstart, mend; mstart = image->segment[i].mem; mend = mstart + image->segment[i].memsz - 1; /* Ensure we are within the crash kernel limits */ if ((mstart < crashk_res.start) || (mend > crashk_res.end)) return result; } } return 0; } static struct kimage *do_kimage_alloc_init(void) { struct kimage *image; /* Allocate a controlling structure */ image = kzalloc(sizeof(*image), GFP_KERNEL); if (!image) return NULL; image->head = 0; image->entry = &image->head; image->last_entry = &image->head; image->control_page = ~0; /* By default this does not apply */ image->type = KEXEC_TYPE_DEFAULT; /* Initialize the list of control pages */ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&image->control_pages); /* Initialize the list of destination pages */ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&image->dest_pages); /* Initialize the list of unusable pages */ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&image->unusable_pages); return image; } static void kimage_free_page_list(struct list_head *list); static int kimage_alloc_init(struct kimage **rimage, unsigned long entry, unsigned long nr_segments, struct kexec_segment __user *segments, unsigned long flags) { int ret; struct kimage *image; bool kexec_on_panic = flags & KEXEC_ON_CRASH; if (kexec_on_panic) { /* Verify we have a valid entry point */ if ((entry < crashk_res.start) || (entry > crashk_res.end)) return -EADDRNOTAVAIL; } /* Allocate and initialize a controlling structure */ image = do_kimage_alloc_init(); if (!image) return -ENOMEM; image->start = entry; ret = copy_user_segment_list(image, nr_segments, segments); if (ret) goto out_free_image; ret = sanity_check_segment_list(image); if (ret) goto out_free_image; /* Enable the special crash kernel control page allocation policy. */ if (kexec_on_panic) { image->control_page = crashk_res.start; image->type = KEXEC_TYPE_CRASH; } /* * Find a location for the control code buffer, and add it * the vector of segments so that it's pages will also be * counted as destination pages. */ ret = -ENOMEM; image->control_code_page = kimage_alloc_control_pages(image, get_order(KEXEC_CONTROL_PAGE_SIZE)); if (!image->control_code_page) { pr_err("Could not allocate control_code_buffer\n"); goto out_free_image; } if (!kexec_on_panic) { image->swap_page = kimage_alloc_control_pages(image, 0); if (!image->swap_page) { pr_err("Could not allocate swap buffer\n"); goto out_free_control_pages; } } *rimage = image; return 0; out_free_control_pages: kimage_free_page_list(&image->control_pages); out_free_image: kfree(image); return ret; } #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE static int copy_file_from_fd(int fd, void **buf, unsigned long *buf_len) { struct fd f = fdget(fd); int ret; struct kstat stat; loff_t pos; ssize_t bytes = 0; if (!f.file) return -EBADF; ret = vfs_getattr(&f.file->f_path, &stat); if (ret) goto out; if (stat.size > INT_MAX) { ret = -EFBIG; goto out; } /* Don't hand 0 to vmalloc, it whines. */ if (stat.size == 0) { ret = -EINVAL; goto out; } *buf = vmalloc(stat.size); if (!*buf) { ret = -ENOMEM; goto out; } pos = 0; while (pos < stat.size) { bytes = kernel_read(f.file, pos, (char *)(*buf) + pos, stat.size - pos); if (bytes < 0) { vfree(*buf); ret = bytes; goto out; } if (bytes == 0) break; pos += bytes; } if (pos != stat.size) { ret = -EBADF; vfree(*buf); goto out; } *buf_len = pos; out: fdput(f); return ret; } /* Architectures can provide this probe function */ int __weak arch_kexec_kernel_image_probe(struct kimage *image, void *buf, unsigned long buf_len) { return -ENOEXEC; } void * __weak arch_kexec_kernel_image_load(struct kimage *image) { return ERR_PTR(-ENOEXEC); } void __weak arch_kimage_file_post_load_cleanup(struct kimage *image) { } int __weak arch_kexec_kernel_verify_sig(struct kimage *image, void *buf, unsigned long buf_len) { return -EKEYREJECTED; } /* Apply relocations of type RELA */ int __weak arch_kexec_apply_relocations_add(const Elf_Ehdr *ehdr, Elf_Shdr *sechdrs, unsigned int relsec) { pr_err("RELA relocation unsupported.\n"); return -ENOEXEC; } /* Apply relocations of type REL */ int __weak arch_kexec_apply_relocations(const Elf_Ehdr *ehdr, Elf_Shdr *sechdrs, unsigned int relsec) { pr_err("REL relocation unsupported.\n"); return -ENOEXEC; } /* * Free up memory used by kernel, initrd, and comand line. This is temporary * memory allocation which is not needed any more after these buffers have * been loaded into separate segments and have been copied elsewhere. */ static void kimage_file_post_load_cleanup(struct kimage *image) { struct purgatory_info *pi = &image->purgatory_info; vfree(image->kernel_buf); image->kernel_buf = NULL; vfree(image->initrd_buf); image->initrd_buf = NULL; kfree(image->cmdline_buf); image->cmdline_buf = NULL; vfree(pi->purgatory_buf); pi->purgatory_buf = NULL; vfree(pi->sechdrs); pi->sechdrs = NULL; /* See if architecture has anything to cleanup post load */ arch_kimage_file_post_load_cleanup(image); /* * Above call should have called into bootloader to free up * any data stored in kimage->image_loader_data. It should * be ok now to free it up. */ kfree(image->image_loader_data); image->image_loader_data = NULL; } /* * In file mode list of segments is prepared by kernel. Copy relevant * data from user space, do error checking, prepare segment list */ static int kimage_file_prepare_segments(struct kimage *image, int kernel_fd, int initrd_fd, const char __user *cmdline_ptr, unsigned long cmdline_len, unsigned flags) { int ret = 0; void *ldata; ret = copy_file_from_fd(kernel_fd, &image->kernel_buf, &image->kernel_buf_len); if (ret) return ret; /* Call arch image probe handlers */ ret = arch_kexec_kernel_image_probe(image, image->kernel_buf, image->kernel_buf_len); if (ret) goto out; #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_VERIFY_SIG ret = arch_kexec_kernel_verify_sig(image, image->kernel_buf, image->kernel_buf_len); if (ret) { pr_debug("kernel signature verification failed.\n"); goto out; } pr_debug("kernel signature verification successful.\n"); #endif /* It is possible that there no initramfs is being loaded */ if (!(flags & KEXEC_FILE_NO_INITRAMFS)) { ret = copy_file_from_fd(initrd_fd, &image->initrd_buf, &image->initrd_buf_len); if (ret) goto out; } if (cmdline_len) { image->cmdline_buf = kzalloc(cmdline_len, GFP_KERNEL); if (!image->cmdline_buf) { ret = -ENOMEM; goto out; } ret = copy_from_user(image->cmdline_buf, cmdline_ptr, cmdline_len); if (ret) { ret = -EFAULT; goto out; } image->cmdline_buf_len = cmdline_len; /* command line should be a string with last byte null */ if (image->cmdline_buf[cmdline_len - 1] != '\0') { ret = -EINVAL; goto out; } } /* Call arch image load handlers */ ldata = arch_kexec_kernel_image_load(image); if (IS_ERR(ldata)) { ret = PTR_ERR(ldata); goto out; } image->image_loader_data = ldata; out: /* In case of error, free up all allocated memory in this function */ if (ret) kimage_file_post_load_cleanup(image); return ret; } static int kimage_file_alloc_init(struct kimage **rimage, int kernel_fd, int initrd_fd, const char __user *cmdline_ptr, unsigned long cmdline_len, unsigned long flags) { int ret; struct kimage *image; bool kexec_on_panic = flags & KEXEC_FILE_ON_CRASH; image = do_kimage_alloc_init(); if (!image) return -ENOMEM; image->file_mode = 1; if (kexec_on_panic) { /* Enable special crash kernel control page alloc policy. */ image->control_page = crashk_res.start; image->type = KEXEC_TYPE_CRASH; } ret = kimage_file_prepare_segments(image, kernel_fd, initrd_fd, cmdline_ptr, cmdline_len, flags); if (ret) goto out_free_image; ret = sanity_check_segment_list(image); if (ret) goto out_free_post_load_bufs; ret = -ENOMEM; image->control_code_page = kimage_alloc_control_pages(image, get_order(KEXEC_CONTROL_PAGE_SIZE)); if (!image->control_code_page) { pr_err("Could not allocate control_code_buffer\n"); goto out_free_post_load_bufs; } if (!kexec_on_panic) { image->swap_page = kimage_alloc_control_pages(image, 0); if (!image->swap_page) { pr_err(KERN_ERR "Could not allocate swap buffer\n"); goto out_free_control_pages; } } *rimage = image; return 0; out_free_control_pages: kimage_free_page_list(&image->control_pages); out_free_post_load_bufs: kimage_file_post_load_cleanup(image); out_free_image: kfree(image); return ret; } #else /* CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE */ static inline void kimage_file_post_load_cleanup(struct kimage *image) { } #endif /* CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE */ static int kimage_is_destination_range(struct kimage *image, unsigned long start, unsigned long end) { unsigned long i; for (i = 0; i < image->nr_segments; i++) { unsigned long mstart, mend; mstart = image->segment[i].mem; mend = mstart + image->segment[i].memsz; if ((end > mstart) && (start < mend)) return 1; } return 0; } static struct page *kimage_alloc_pages(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order) { struct page *pages; pages = alloc_pages(gfp_mask, order); if (pages) { unsigned int count, i; pages->mapping = NULL; set_page_private(pages, order); count = 1 << order; for (i = 0; i < count; i++) SetPageReserved(pages + i); } return pages; } static void kimage_free_pages(struct page *page) { unsigned int order, count, i; order = page_private(page); count = 1 << order; for (i = 0; i < count; i++) ClearPageReserved(page + i); __free_pages(page, order); } static void kimage_free_page_list(struct list_head *list) { struct list_head *pos, *next; list_for_each_safe(pos, next, list) { struct page *page; page = list_entry(pos, struct page, lru); list_del(&page->lru); kimage_free_pages(page); } } static struct page *kimage_alloc_normal_control_pages(struct kimage *image, unsigned int order) { /* Control pages are special, they are the intermediaries * that are needed while we copy the rest of the pages * to their final resting place. As such they must * not conflict with either the destination addresses * or memory the kernel is already using. * * The only case where we really need more than one of * these are for architectures where we cannot disable * the MMU and must instead generate an identity mapped * page table for all of the memory. * * At worst this runs in O(N) of the image size. */ struct list_head extra_pages; struct page *pages; unsigned int count; count = 1 << order; INIT_LIST_HEAD(&extra_pages); /* Loop while I can allocate a page and the page allocated * is a destination page. */ do { unsigned long pfn, epfn, addr, eaddr; pages = kimage_alloc_pages(GFP_KERNEL, order); if (!pages) break; pfn = page_to_pfn(pages); epfn = pfn + count; addr = pfn << PAGE_SHIFT; eaddr = epfn << PAGE_SHIFT; if ((epfn >= (KEXEC_CONTROL_MEMORY_LIMIT >> PAGE_SHIFT)) || kimage_is_destination_range(image, addr, eaddr)) { list_add(&pages->lru, &extra_pages); pages = NULL; } } while (!pages); if (pages) { /* Remember the allocated page... */ list_add(&pages->lru, &image->control_pages); /* Because the page is already in it's destination * location we will never allocate another page at * that address. Therefore kimage_alloc_pages * will not return it (again) and we don't need * to give it an entry in image->segment[]. */ } /* Deal with the destination pages I have inadvertently allocated. * * Ideally I would convert multi-page allocations into single * page allocations, and add everything to image->dest_pages. * * For now it is simpler to just free the pages. */ kimage_free_page_list(&extra_pages); return pages; } static struct page *kimage_alloc_crash_control_pages(struct kimage *image, unsigned int order) { /* Control pages are special, they are the intermediaries * that are needed while we copy the rest of the pages * to their final resting place. As such they must * not conflict with either the destination addresses * or memory the kernel is already using. * * Control pages are also the only pags we must allocate * when loading a crash kernel. All of the other pages * are specified by the segments and we just memcpy * into them directly. * * The only case where we really need more than one of * these are for architectures where we cannot disable * the MMU and must instead generate an identity mapped * page table for all of the memory. * * Given the low demand this implements a very simple * allocator that finds the first hole of the appropriate * size in the reserved memory region, and allocates all * of the memory up to and including the hole. */ unsigned long hole_start, hole_end, size; struct page *pages; pages = NULL; size = (1 << order) << PAGE_SHIFT; hole_start = (image->control_page + (size - 1)) & ~(size - 1); hole_end = hole_start + size - 1; while (hole_end <= crashk_res.end) { unsigned long i; if (hole_end > KEXEC_CRASH_CONTROL_MEMORY_LIMIT) break; /* See if I overlap any of the segments */ for (i = 0; i < image->nr_segments; i++) { unsigned long mstart, mend; mstart = image->segment[i].mem; mend = mstart + image->segment[i].memsz - 1; if ((hole_end >= mstart) && (hole_start <= mend)) { /* Advance the hole to the end of the segment */ hole_start = (mend + (size - 1)) & ~(size - 1); hole_end = hole_start + size - 1; break; } } /* If I don't overlap any segments I have found my hole! */ if (i == image->nr_segments) { pages = pfn_to_page(hole_start >> PAGE_SHIFT); break; } } if (pages) image->control_page = hole_end; return pages; } struct page *kimage_alloc_control_pages(struct kimage *image, unsigned int order) { struct page *pages = NULL; switch (image->type) { case KEXEC_TYPE_DEFAULT: pages = kimage_alloc_normal_control_pages(image, order); break; case KEXEC_TYPE_CRASH: pages = kimage_alloc_crash_control_pages(image, order); break; } return pages; } static int kimage_add_entry(struct kimage *image, kimage_entry_t entry) { if (*image->entry != 0) image->entry++; if (image->entry == image->last_entry) { kimage_entry_t *ind_page; struct page *page; page = kimage_alloc_page(image, GFP_KERNEL, KIMAGE_NO_DEST); if (!page) return -ENOMEM; ind_page = page_address(page); *image->entry = virt_to_phys(ind_page) | IND_INDIRECTION; image->entry = ind_page; image->last_entry = ind_page + ((PAGE_SIZE/sizeof(kimage_entry_t)) - 1); } *image->entry = entry; image->entry++; *image->entry = 0; return 0; } static int kimage_set_destination(struct kimage *image, unsigned long destination) { int result; destination &= PAGE_MASK; result = kimage_add_entry(image, destination | IND_DESTINATION); if (result == 0) image->destination = destination; return result; } static int kimage_add_page(struct kimage *image, unsigned long page) { int result; page &= PAGE_MASK; result = kimage_add_entry(image, page | IND_SOURCE); if (result == 0) image->destination += PAGE_SIZE; return result; } static void kimage_free_extra_pages(struct kimage *image) { /* Walk through and free any extra destination pages I may have */ kimage_free_page_list(&image->dest_pages); /* Walk through and free any unusable pages I have cached */ kimage_free_page_list(&image->unusable_pages); } static void kimage_terminate(struct kimage *image) { if (*image->entry != 0) image->entry++; *image->entry = IND_DONE; } #define for_each_kimage_entry(image, ptr, entry) \ for (ptr = &image->head; (entry = *ptr) && !(entry & IND_DONE); \ ptr = (entry & IND_INDIRECTION) ? \ phys_to_virt((entry & PAGE_MASK)) : ptr + 1) static void kimage_free_entry(kimage_entry_t entry) { struct page *page; page = pfn_to_page(entry >> PAGE_SHIFT); kimage_free_pages(page); } static void kimage_free(struct kimage *image) { kimage_entry_t *ptr, entry; kimage_entry_t ind = 0; if (!image) return; kimage_free_extra_pages(image); for_each_kimage_entry(image, ptr, entry) { if (entry & IND_INDIRECTION) { /* Free the previous indirection page */ if (ind & IND_INDIRECTION) kimage_free_entry(ind); /* Save this indirection page until we are * done with it. */ ind = entry; } else if (entry & IND_SOURCE) kimage_free_entry(entry); } /* Free the final indirection page */ if (ind & IND_INDIRECTION) kimage_free_entry(ind); /* Handle any machine specific cleanup */ machine_kexec_cleanup(image); /* Free the kexec control pages... */ kimage_free_page_list(&image->control_pages); /* * Free up any temporary buffers allocated. This might hit if * error occurred much later after buffer allocation. */ if (image->file_mode) kimage_file_post_load_cleanup(image); kfree(image); } static kimage_entry_t *kimage_dst_used(struct kimage *image, unsigned long page) { kimage_entry_t *ptr, entry; unsigned long destination = 0; for_each_kimage_entry(image, ptr, entry) { if (entry & IND_DESTINATION) destination = entry & PAGE_MASK; else if (entry & IND_SOURCE) { if (page == destination) return ptr; destination += PAGE_SIZE; } } return NULL; } static struct page *kimage_alloc_page(struct kimage *image, gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned long destination) { /* * Here we implement safeguards to ensure that a source page * is not copied to its destination page before the data on * the destination page is no longer useful. * * To do this we maintain the invariant that a source page is * either its own destination page, or it is not a * destination page at all. * * That is slightly stronger than required, but the proof * that no problems will not occur is trivial, and the * implementation is simply to verify. * * When allocating all pages normally this algorithm will run * in O(N) time, but in the worst case it will run in O(N^2) * time. If the runtime is a problem the data structures can * be fixed. */ struct page *page; unsigned long addr; /* * Walk through the list of destination pages, and see if I * have a match. */ list_for_each_entry(page, &image->dest_pages, lru) { addr = page_to_pfn(page) << PAGE_SHIFT; if (addr == destination) { list_del(&page->lru); return page; } } page = NULL; while (1) { kimage_entry_t *old; /* Allocate a page, if we run out of memory give up */ page = kimage_alloc_pages(gfp_mask, 0); if (!page) return NULL; /* If the page cannot be used file it away */ if (page_to_pfn(page) > (KEXEC_SOURCE_MEMORY_LIMIT >> PAGE_SHIFT)) { list_add(&page->lru, &image->unusable_pages); continue; } addr = page_to_pfn(page) << PAGE_SHIFT; /* If it is the destination page we want use it */ if (addr == destination) break; /* If the page is not a destination page use it */ if (!kimage_is_destination_range(image, addr, addr + PAGE_SIZE)) break; /* * I know that the page is someones destination page. * See if there is already a source page for this * destination page. And if so swap the source pages. */ old = kimage_dst_used(image, addr); if (old) { /* If so move it */ unsigned long old_addr; struct page *old_page; old_addr = *old & PAGE_MASK; old_page = pfn_to_page(old_addr >> PAGE_SHIFT); copy_highpage(page, old_page); *old = addr | (*old & ~PAGE_MASK); /* The old page I have found cannot be a * destination page, so return it if it's * gfp_flags honor the ones passed in. */ if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_HIGHMEM) && PageHighMem(old_page)) { kimage_free_pages(old_page); continue; } addr = old_addr; page = old_page; break; } else { /* Place the page on the destination list I * will use it later. */ list_add(&page->lru, &image->dest_pages); } } return page; } static int kimage_load_normal_segment(struct kimage *image, struct kexec_segment *segment) { unsigned long maddr; size_t ubytes, mbytes; int result; unsigned char __user *buf = NULL; unsigned char *kbuf = NULL; result = 0; if (image->file_mode) kbuf = segment->kbuf; else buf = segment->buf; ubytes = segment->bufsz; mbytes = segment->memsz; maddr = segment->mem; result = kimage_set_destination(image, maddr); if (result < 0) goto out; while (mbytes) { struct page *page; char *ptr; size_t uchunk, mchunk; page = kimage_alloc_page(image, GFP_HIGHUSER, maddr); if (!page) { result = -ENOMEM; goto out; } result = kimage_add_page(image, page_to_pfn(page) << PAGE_SHIFT); if (result < 0) goto out; ptr = kmap(page); /* Start with a clear page */ clear_page(ptr); ptr += maddr & ~PAGE_MASK; mchunk = min_t(size_t, mbytes, PAGE_SIZE - (maddr & ~PAGE_MASK)); uchunk = min(ubytes, mchunk); /* For file based kexec, source pages are in kernel memory */ if (image->file_mode) memcpy(ptr, kbuf, uchunk); else result = copy_from_user(ptr, buf, uchunk); kunmap(page); if (result) { result = -EFAULT; goto out; } ubytes -= uchunk; maddr += mchunk; if (image->file_mode) kbuf += mchunk; else buf += mchunk; mbytes -= mchunk; } out: return result; } static int kimage_load_crash_segment(struct kimage *image, struct kexec_segment *segment) { /* For crash dumps kernels we simply copy the data from * user space to it's destination. * We do things a page at a time for the sake of kmap. */ unsigned long maddr; size_t ubytes, mbytes; int result; unsigned char __user *buf = NULL; unsigned char *kbuf = NULL; result = 0; if (image->file_mode) kbuf = segment->kbuf; else buf = segment->buf; ubytes = segment->bufsz; mbytes = segment->memsz; maddr = segment->mem; while (mbytes) { struct page *page; char *ptr; size_t uchunk, mchunk; page = pfn_to_page(maddr >> PAGE_SHIFT); if (!page) { result = -ENOMEM; goto out; } ptr = kmap(page); ptr += maddr & ~PAGE_MASK; mchunk = min_t(size_t, mbytes, PAGE_SIZE - (maddr & ~PAGE_MASK)); uchunk = min(ubytes, mchunk); if (mchunk > uchunk) { /* Zero the trailing part of the page */ memset(ptr + uchunk, 0, mchunk - uchunk); } /* For file based kexec, source pages are in kernel memory */ if (image->file_mode) memcpy(ptr, kbuf, uchunk); else result = copy_from_user(ptr, buf, uchunk); kexec_flush_icache_page(page); kunmap(page); if (result) { result = -EFAULT; goto out; } ubytes -= uchunk; maddr += mchunk; if (image->file_mode) kbuf += mchunk; else buf += mchunk; mbytes -= mchunk; } out: return result; } static int kimage_load_segment(struct kimage *image, struct kexec_segment *segment) { int result = -ENOMEM; switch (image->type) { case KEXEC_TYPE_DEFAULT: result = kimage_load_normal_segment(image, segment); break; case KEXEC_TYPE_CRASH: result = kimage_load_crash_segment(image, segment); break; } return result; } /* * Exec Kernel system call: for obvious reasons only root may call it. * * This call breaks up into three pieces. * - A generic part which loads the new kernel from the current * address space, and very carefully places the data in the * allocated pages. * * - A generic part that interacts with the kernel and tells all of * the devices to shut down. Preventing on-going dmas, and placing * the devices in a consistent state so a later kernel can * reinitialize them. * * - A machine specific part that includes the syscall number * and then copies the image to it's final destination. And * jumps into the image at entry. * * kexec does not sync, or unmount filesystems so if you need * that to happen you need to do that yourself. */ struct kimage *kexec_image; struct kimage *kexec_crash_image; int kexec_load_disabled; static DEFINE_MUTEX(kexec_mutex); SYSCALL_DEFINE4(kexec_load, unsigned long, entry, unsigned long, nr_segments, struct kexec_segment __user *, segments, unsigned long, flags) { struct kimage **dest_image, *image; int result; /* We only trust the superuser with rebooting the system. */ if (!capable(CAP_SYS_BOOT) || kexec_load_disabled) return -EPERM; /* * Verify we have a legal set of flags * This leaves us room for future extensions. */ if ((flags & KEXEC_FLAGS) != (flags & ~KEXEC_ARCH_MASK)) return -EINVAL; /* Verify we are on the appropriate architecture */ if (((flags & KEXEC_ARCH_MASK) != KEXEC_ARCH) && ((flags & KEXEC_ARCH_MASK) != KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT)) return -EINVAL; /* Put an artificial cap on the number * of segments passed to kexec_load. */ if (nr_segments > KEXEC_SEGMENT_MAX) return -EINVAL; image = NULL; result = 0; /* Because we write directly to the reserved memory * region when loading crash kernels we need a mutex here to * prevent multiple crash kernels from attempting to load * simultaneously, and to prevent a crash kernel from loading * over the top of a in use crash kernel. * * KISS: always take the mutex. */ if (!mutex_trylock(&kexec_mutex)) return -EBUSY; dest_image = &kexec_image; if (flags & KEXEC_ON_CRASH) dest_image = &kexec_crash_image; if (nr_segments > 0) { unsigned long i; /* Loading another kernel to reboot into */ if ((flags & KEXEC_ON_CRASH) == 0) result = kimage_alloc_init(&image, entry, nr_segments, segments, flags); /* Loading another kernel to switch to if this one crashes */ else if (flags & KEXEC_ON_CRASH) { /* Free any current crash dump kernel before * we corrupt it. */ kimage_free(xchg(&kexec_crash_image, NULL)); result = kimage_alloc_init(&image, entry, nr_segments, segments, flags); crash_map_reserved_pages(); } if (result) goto out; if (flags & KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT) image->preserve_context = 1; result = machine_kexec_prepare(image); if (result) goto out; for (i = 0; i < nr_segments; i++) { result = kimage_load_segment(image, &image->segment[i]); if (result) goto out; } kimage_terminate(image); if (flags & KEXEC_ON_CRASH) crash_unmap_reserved_pages(); } /* Install the new kernel, and Uninstall the old */ image = xchg(dest_image, image); out: mutex_unlock(&kexec_mutex); kimage_free(image); return result; } /* * Add and remove page tables for crashkernel memory * * Provide an empty default implementation here -- architecture * code may override this */ void __weak crash_map_reserved_pages(void) {} void __weak crash_unmap_reserved_pages(void) {} #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE4(kexec_load, compat_ulong_t, entry, compat_ulong_t, nr_segments, struct compat_kexec_segment __user *, segments, compat_ulong_t, flags) { struct compat_kexec_segment in; struct kexec_segment out, __user *ksegments; unsigned long i, result; /* Don't allow clients that don't understand the native * architecture to do anything. */ if ((flags & KEXEC_ARCH_MASK) == KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT) return -EINVAL; if (nr_segments > KEXEC_SEGMENT_MAX) return -EINVAL; ksegments = compat_alloc_user_space(nr_segments * sizeof(out)); for (i = 0; i < nr_segments; i++) { result = copy_from_user(&in, &segments[i], sizeof(in)); if (result) return -EFAULT; out.buf = compat_ptr(in.buf); out.bufsz = in.bufsz; out.mem = in.mem; out.memsz = in.memsz; result = copy_to_user(&ksegments[i], &out, sizeof(out)); if (result) return -EFAULT; } return sys_kexec_load(entry, nr_segments, ksegments, flags); } #endif #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE SYSCALL_DEFINE5(kexec_file_load, int, kernel_fd, int, initrd_fd, unsigned long, cmdline_len, const char __user *, cmdline_ptr, unsigned long, flags) { int ret = 0, i; struct kimage **dest_image, *image; /* We only trust the superuser with rebooting the system. */ if (!capable(CAP_SYS_BOOT) || kexec_load_disabled) return -EPERM; /* Make sure we have a legal set of flags */ if (flags != (flags & KEXEC_FILE_FLAGS)) return -EINVAL; image = NULL; if (!mutex_trylock(&kexec_mutex)) return -EBUSY; dest_image = &kexec_image; if (flags & KEXEC_FILE_ON_CRASH) dest_image = &kexec_crash_image; if (flags & KEXEC_FILE_UNLOAD) goto exchange; /* * In case of crash, new kernel gets loaded in reserved region. It is * same memory where old crash kernel might be loaded. Free any * current crash dump kernel before we corrupt it. */ if (flags & KEXEC_FILE_ON_CRASH) kimage_free(xchg(&kexec_crash_image, NULL)); ret = kimage_file_alloc_init(&image, kernel_fd, initrd_fd, cmdline_ptr, cmdline_len, flags); if (ret) goto out; ret = machine_kexec_prepare(image); if (ret) goto out; ret = kexec_calculate_store_digests(image); if (ret) goto out; for (i = 0; i < image->nr_segments; i++) { struct kexec_segment *ksegment; ksegment = &image->segment[i]; pr_debug("Loading segment %d: buf=0x%p bufsz=0x%zx mem=0x%lx memsz=0x%zx\n", i, ksegment->buf, ksegment->bufsz, ksegment->mem, ksegment->memsz); ret = kimage_load_segment(image, &image->segment[i]); if (ret) goto out; } kimage_terminate(image); /* * Free up any temporary buffers allocated which are not needed * after image has been loaded */ kimage_file_post_load_cleanup(image); exchange: image = xchg(dest_image, image); out: mutex_unlock(&kexec_mutex); kimage_free(image); return ret; } #endif /* CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE */ void crash_kexec(struct pt_regs *regs) { /* Take the kexec_mutex here to prevent sys_kexec_load * running on one cpu from replacing the crash kernel * we are using after a panic on a different cpu. * * If the crash kernel was not located in a fixed area * of memory the xchg(&kexec_crash_image) would be * sufficient. But since I reuse the memory... */ if (mutex_trylock(&kexec_mutex)) { if (kexec_crash_image) { struct pt_regs fixed_regs; crash_setup_regs(&fixed_regs, regs); crash_save_vmcoreinfo(); machine_crash_shutdown(&fixed_regs); machine_kexec(kexec_crash_image); } mutex_unlock(&kexec_mutex); } } size_t crash_get_memory_size(void) { size_t size = 0; mutex_lock(&kexec_mutex); if (crashk_res.end != crashk_res.start) size = resource_size(&crashk_res); mutex_unlock(&kexec_mutex); return size; } void __weak crash_free_reserved_phys_range(unsigned long begin, unsigned long end) { unsigned long addr; for (addr = begin; addr < end; addr += PAGE_SIZE) free_reserved_page(pfn_to_page(addr >> PAGE_SHIFT)); } int crash_shrink_memory(unsigned long new_size) { int ret = 0; unsigned long start, end; unsigned long old_size; struct resource *ram_res; mutex_lock(&kexec_mutex); if (kexec_crash_image) { ret = -ENOENT; goto unlock; } start = crashk_res.start; end = crashk_res.end; old_size = (end == 0) ? 0 : end - start + 1; if (new_size >= old_size) { ret = (new_size == old_size) ? 0 : -EINVAL; goto unlock; } ram_res = kzalloc(sizeof(*ram_res), GFP_KERNEL); if (!ram_res) { ret = -ENOMEM; goto unlock; } start = roundup(start, KEXEC_CRASH_MEM_ALIGN); end = roundup(start + new_size, KEXEC_CRASH_MEM_ALIGN); crash_map_reserved_pages(); crash_free_reserved_phys_range(end, crashk_res.end); if ((start == end) && (crashk_res.parent != NULL)) release_resource(&crashk_res); ram_res->start = end; ram_res->end = crashk_res.end; ram_res->flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM; ram_res->name = "System RAM"; crashk_res.end = end - 1; insert_resource(&iomem_resource, ram_res); crash_unmap_reserved_pages(); unlock: mutex_unlock(&kexec_mutex); return ret; } static u32 *append_elf_note(u32 *buf, char *name, unsigned type, void *data, size_t data_len) { struct elf_note note; note.n_namesz = strlen(name) + 1; note.n_descsz = data_len; note.n_type = type; memcpy(buf, ¬e, sizeof(note)); buf += (sizeof(note) + 3)/4; memcpy(buf, name, note.n_namesz); buf += (note.n_namesz + 3)/4; memcpy(buf, data, note.n_descsz); buf += (note.n_descsz + 3)/4; return buf; } static void final_note(u32 *buf) { struct elf_note note; note.n_namesz = 0; note.n_descsz = 0; note.n_type = 0; memcpy(buf, ¬e, sizeof(note)); } void crash_save_cpu(struct pt_regs *regs, int cpu) { struct elf_prstatus prstatus; u32 *buf; if ((cpu < 0) || (cpu >= nr_cpu_ids)) return; /* Using ELF notes here is opportunistic. * I need a well defined structure format * for the data I pass, and I need tags * on the data to indicate what information I have * squirrelled away. ELF notes happen to provide * all of that, so there is no need to invent something new. */ buf = (u32 *)per_cpu_ptr(crash_notes, cpu); if (!buf) return; memset(&prstatus, 0, sizeof(prstatus)); prstatus.pr_pid = current->pid; elf_core_copy_kernel_regs(&prstatus.pr_reg, regs); buf = append_elf_note(buf, KEXEC_CORE_NOTE_NAME, NT_PRSTATUS, &prstatus, sizeof(prstatus)); final_note(buf); } static int __init crash_notes_memory_init(void) { /* Allocate memory for saving cpu registers. */ crash_notes = alloc_percpu(note_buf_t); if (!crash_notes) { pr_warn("Kexec: Memory allocation for saving cpu register states failed\n"); return -ENOMEM; } return 0; } subsys_initcall(crash_notes_memory_init); /* * parsing the "crashkernel" commandline * * this code is intended to be called from architecture specific code */ /* * This function parses command lines in the format * * crashkernel=ramsize-range:size[,...][@offset] * * The function returns 0 on success and -EINVAL on failure. */ static int __init parse_crashkernel_mem(char *cmdline, unsigned long long system_ram, unsigned long long *crash_size, unsigned long long *crash_base) { char *cur = cmdline, *tmp; /* for each entry of the comma-separated list */ do { unsigned long long start, end = ULLONG_MAX, size; /* get the start of the range */ start = memparse(cur, &tmp); if (cur == tmp) { pr_warn("crashkernel: Memory value expected\n"); return -EINVAL; } cur = tmp; if (*cur != '-') { pr_warn("crashkernel: '-' expected\n"); return -EINVAL; } cur++; /* if no ':' is here, than we read the end */ if (*cur != ':') { end = memparse(cur, &tmp); if (cur == tmp) { pr_warn("crashkernel: Memory value expected\n"); return -EINVAL; } cur = tmp; if (end <= start) { pr_warn("crashkernel: end <= start\n"); return -EINVAL; } } if (*cur != ':') { pr_warn("crashkernel: ':' expected\n"); return -EINVAL; } cur++; size = memparse(cur, &tmp); if (cur == tmp) { pr_warn("Memory value expected\n"); return -EINVAL; } cur = tmp; if (size >= system_ram) { pr_warn("crashkernel: invalid size\n"); return -EINVAL; } /* match ? */ if (system_ram >= start && system_ram < end) { *crash_size = size; break; } } while (*cur++ == ','); if (*crash_size > 0) { while (*cur && *cur != ' ' && *cur != '@') cur++; if (*cur == '@') { cur++; *crash_base = memparse(cur, &tmp); if (cur == tmp) { pr_warn("Memory value expected after '@'\n"); return -EINVAL; } } } return 0; } /* * That function parses "simple" (old) crashkernel command lines like * * crashkernel=size[@offset] * * It returns 0 on success and -EINVAL on failure. */ static int __init parse_crashkernel_simple(char *cmdline, unsigned long long *crash_size, unsigned long long *crash_base) { char *cur = cmdline; *crash_size = memparse(cmdline, &cur); if (cmdline == cur) { pr_warn("crashkernel: memory value expected\n"); return -EINVAL; } if (*cur == '@') *crash_base = memparse(cur+1, &cur); else if (*cur != ' ' && *cur != '\0') { pr_warn("crashkernel: unrecognized char\n"); return -EINVAL; } return 0; } #define SUFFIX_HIGH 0 #define SUFFIX_LOW 1 #define SUFFIX_NULL 2 static __initdata char *suffix_tbl[] = { [SUFFIX_HIGH] = ",high", [SUFFIX_LOW] = ",low", [SUFFIX_NULL] = NULL, }; /* * That function parses "suffix" crashkernel command lines like * * crashkernel=size,[high|low] * * It returns 0 on success and -EINVAL on failure. */ static int __init parse_crashkernel_suffix(char *cmdline, unsigned long long *crash_size, unsigned long long *crash_base, const char *suffix) { char *cur = cmdline; *crash_size = memparse(cmdline, &cur); if (cmdline == cur) { pr_warn("crashkernel: memory value expected\n"); return -EINVAL; } /* check with suffix */ if (strncmp(cur, suffix, strlen(suffix))) { pr_warn("crashkernel: unrecognized char\n"); return -EINVAL; } cur += strlen(suffix); if (*cur != ' ' && *cur != '\0') { pr_warn("crashkernel: unrecognized char\n"); return -EINVAL; } return 0; } static __init char *get_last_crashkernel(char *cmdline, const char *name, const char *suffix) { char *p = cmdline, *ck_cmdline = NULL; /* find crashkernel and use the last one if there are more */ p = strstr(p, name); while (p) { char *end_p = strchr(p, ' '); char *q; if (!end_p) end_p = p + strlen(p); if (!suffix) { int i; /* skip the one with any known suffix */ for (i = 0; suffix_tbl[i]; i++) { q = end_p - strlen(suffix_tbl[i]); if (!strncmp(q, suffix_tbl[i], strlen(suffix_tbl[i]))) goto next; } ck_cmdline = p; } else { q = end_p - strlen(suffix); if (!strncmp(q, suffix, strlen(suffix))) ck_cmdline = p; } next: p = strstr(p+1, name); } if (!ck_cmdline) return NULL; return ck_cmdline; } static int __init __parse_crashkernel(char *cmdline, unsigned long long system_ram, unsigned long long *crash_size, unsigned long long *crash_base, const char *name, const char *suffix) { char *first_colon, *first_space; char *ck_cmdline; BUG_ON(!crash_size || !crash_base); *crash_size = 0; *crash_base = 0; ck_cmdline = get_last_crashkernel(cmdline, name, suffix); if (!ck_cmdline) return -EINVAL; ck_cmdline += strlen(name); if (suffix) return parse_crashkernel_suffix(ck_cmdline, crash_size, crash_base, suffix); /* * if the commandline contains a ':', then that's the extended * syntax -- if not, it must be the classic syntax */ first_colon = strchr(ck_cmdline, ':'); first_space = strchr(ck_cmdline, ' '); if (first_colon && (!first_space || first_colon < first_space)) return parse_crashkernel_mem(ck_cmdline, system_ram, crash_size, crash_base); return parse_crashkernel_simple(ck_cmdline, crash_size, crash_base); } /* * That function is the entry point for command line parsing and should be * called from the arch-specific code. */ int __init parse_crashkernel(char *cmdline, unsigned long long system_ram, unsigned long long *crash_size, unsigned long long *crash_base) { return __parse_crashkernel(cmdline, system_ram, crash_size, crash_base, "crashkernel=", NULL); } int __init parse_crashkernel_high(char *cmdline, unsigned long long system_ram, unsigned long long *crash_size, unsigned long long *crash_base) { return __parse_crashkernel(cmdline, system_ram, crash_size, crash_base, "crashkernel=", suffix_tbl[SUFFIX_HIGH]); } int __init parse_crashkernel_low(char *cmdline, unsigned long long system_ram, unsigned long long *crash_size, unsigned long long *crash_base) { return __parse_crashkernel(cmdline, system_ram, crash_size, crash_base, "crashkernel=", suffix_tbl[SUFFIX_LOW]); } static void update_vmcoreinfo_note(void) { u32 *buf = vmcoreinfo_note; if (!vmcoreinfo_size) return; buf = append_elf_note(buf, VMCOREINFO_NOTE_NAME, 0, vmcoreinfo_data, vmcoreinfo_size); final_note(buf); } void crash_save_vmcoreinfo(void) { vmcoreinfo_append_str("CRASHTIME=%ld\n", get_seconds()); update_vmcoreinfo_note(); } void vmcoreinfo_append_str(const char *fmt, ...) { va_list args; char buf[0x50]; size_t r; va_start(args, fmt); r = vscnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args); va_end(args); r = min(r, vmcoreinfo_max_size - vmcoreinfo_size); memcpy(&vmcoreinfo_data[vmcoreinfo_size], buf, r); vmcoreinfo_size += r; } /* * provide an empty default implementation here -- architecture * code may override this */ void __weak arch_crash_save_vmcoreinfo(void) {} unsigned long __weak paddr_vmcoreinfo_note(void) { return __pa((unsigned long)(char *)&vmcoreinfo_note); } static int __init crash_save_vmcoreinfo_init(void) { VMCOREINFO_OSRELEASE(init_uts_ns.name.release); VMCOREINFO_PAGESIZE(PAGE_SIZE); VMCOREINFO_SYMBOL(init_uts_ns); VMCOREINFO_SYMBOL(node_online_map); #ifdef CONFIG_MMU VMCOREINFO_SYMBOL(swapper_pg_dir); #endif VMCOREINFO_SYMBOL(_stext); VMCOREINFO_SYMBOL(vmap_area_list); #ifndef CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES VMCOREINFO_SYMBOL(mem_map); VMCOREINFO_SYMBOL(contig_page_data); #endif #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM VMCOREINFO_SYMBOL(mem_section); VMCOREINFO_LENGTH(mem_section, NR_SECTION_ROOTS); VMCOREINFO_STRUCT_SIZE(mem_section); VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(mem_section, section_mem_map); #endif VMCOREINFO_STRUCT_SIZE(page); VMCOREINFO_STRUCT_SIZE(pglist_data); VMCOREINFO_STRUCT_SIZE(zone); VMCOREINFO_STRUCT_SIZE(free_area); VMCOREINFO_STRUCT_SIZE(list_head); VMCOREINFO_SIZE(nodemask_t); VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(page, flags); VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(page, _count); VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(page, mapping); VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(page, lru); VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(page, _mapcount); VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(page, private); VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(pglist_data, node_zones); VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(pglist_data, nr_zones); #ifdef CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(pglist_data, node_mem_map); #endif VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(pglist_data, node_start_pfn); VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(pglist_data, node_spanned_pages); VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(pglist_data, node_id); VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(zone, free_area); VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(zone, vm_stat); VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(zone, spanned_pages); VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(free_area, free_list); VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(list_head, next); VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(list_head, prev); VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(vmap_area, va_start); VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(vmap_area, list); VMCOREINFO_LENGTH(zone.free_area, MAX_ORDER); log_buf_kexec_setup(); VMCOREINFO_LENGTH(free_area.free_list, MIGRATE_TYPES); VMCOREINFO_NUMBER(NR_FREE_PAGES); VMCOREINFO_NUMBER(PG_lru); VMCOREINFO_NUMBER(PG_private); VMCOREINFO_NUMBER(PG_swapcache); VMCOREINFO_NUMBER(PG_slab); #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE VMCOREINFO_NUMBER(PG_hwpoison); #endif VMCOREINFO_NUMBER(PG_head_mask); VMCOREINFO_NUMBER(PAGE_BUDDY_MAPCOUNT_VALUE); #ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLBFS VMCOREINFO_SYMBOL(free_huge_page); #endif arch_crash_save_vmcoreinfo(); update_vmcoreinfo_note(); return 0; } subsys_initcall(crash_save_vmcoreinfo_init); #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE static int __kexec_add_segment(struct kimage *image, char *buf, unsigned long bufsz, unsigned long mem, unsigned long memsz) { struct kexec_segment *ksegment; ksegment = &image->segment[image->nr_segments]; ksegment->kbuf = buf; ksegment->bufsz = bufsz; ksegment->mem = mem; ksegment->memsz = memsz; image->nr_segments++; return 0; } static int locate_mem_hole_top_down(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, struct kexec_buf *kbuf) { struct kimage *image = kbuf->image; unsigned long temp_start, temp_end; temp_end = min(end, kbuf->buf_max); temp_start = temp_end - kbuf->memsz; do { /* align down start */ temp_start = temp_start & (~(kbuf->buf_align - 1)); if (temp_start < start || temp_start < kbuf->buf_min) return 0; temp_end = temp_start + kbuf->memsz - 1; /* * Make sure this does not conflict with any of existing * segments */ if (kimage_is_destination_range(image, temp_start, temp_end)) { temp_start = temp_start - PAGE_SIZE; continue; } /* We found a suitable memory range */ break; } while (1); /* If we are here, we found a suitable memory range */ __kexec_add_segment(image, kbuf->buffer, kbuf->bufsz, temp_start, kbuf->memsz); /* Success, stop navigating through remaining System RAM ranges */ return 1; } static int locate_mem_hole_bottom_up(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, struct kexec_buf *kbuf) { struct kimage *image = kbuf->image; unsigned long temp_start, temp_end; temp_start = max(start, kbuf->buf_min); do { temp_start = ALIGN(temp_start, kbuf->buf_align); temp_end = temp_start + kbuf->memsz - 1; if (temp_end > end || temp_end > kbuf->buf_max) return 0; /* * Make sure this does not conflict with any of existing * segments */ if (kimage_is_destination_range(image, temp_start, temp_end)) { temp_start = temp_start + PAGE_SIZE; continue; } /* We found a suitable memory range */ break; } while (1); /* If we are here, we found a suitable memory range */ __kexec_add_segment(image, kbuf->buffer, kbuf->bufsz, temp_start, kbuf->memsz); /* Success, stop navigating through remaining System RAM ranges */ return 1; } static int locate_mem_hole_callback(u64 start, u64 end, void *arg) { struct kexec_buf *kbuf = (struct kexec_buf *)arg; unsigned long sz = end - start + 1; /* Returning 0 will take to next memory range */ if (sz < kbuf->memsz) return 0; if (end < kbuf->buf_min || start > kbuf->buf_max) return 0; /* * Allocate memory top down with-in ram range. Otherwise bottom up * allocation. */ if (kbuf->top_down) return locate_mem_hole_top_down(start, end, kbuf); return locate_mem_hole_bottom_up(start, end, kbuf); } /* * Helper function for placing a buffer in a kexec segment. This assumes * that kexec_mutex is held. */ int kexec_add_buffer(struct kimage *image, char *buffer, unsigned long bufsz, unsigned long memsz, unsigned long buf_align, unsigned long buf_min, unsigned long buf_max, bool top_down, unsigned long *load_addr) { struct kexec_segment *ksegment; struct kexec_buf buf, *kbuf; int ret; /* Currently adding segment this way is allowed only in file mode */ if (!image->file_mode) return -EINVAL; if (image->nr_segments >= KEXEC_SEGMENT_MAX) return -EINVAL; /* * Make sure we are not trying to add buffer after allocating * control pages. All segments need to be placed first before * any control pages are allocated. As control page allocation * logic goes through list of segments to make sure there are * no destination overlaps. */ if (!list_empty(&image->control_pages)) { WARN_ON(1); return -EINVAL; } memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(struct kexec_buf)); kbuf = &buf; kbuf->image = image; kbuf->buffer = buffer; kbuf->bufsz = bufsz; kbuf->memsz = ALIGN(memsz, PAGE_SIZE); kbuf->buf_align = max(buf_align, PAGE_SIZE); kbuf->buf_min = buf_min; kbuf->buf_max = buf_max; kbuf->top_down = top_down; /* Walk the RAM ranges and allocate a suitable range for the buffer */ if (image->type == KEXEC_TYPE_CRASH) ret = walk_iomem_res("Crash kernel", IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_BUSY, crashk_res.start, crashk_res.end, kbuf, locate_mem_hole_callback); else ret = walk_system_ram_res(0, -1, kbuf, locate_mem_hole_callback); if (ret != 1) { /* A suitable memory range could not be found for buffer */ return -EADDRNOTAVAIL; } /* Found a suitable memory range */ ksegment = &image->segment[image->nr_segments - 1]; *load_addr = ksegment->mem; return 0; } /* Calculate and store the digest of segments */ static int kexec_calculate_store_digests(struct kimage *image) { struct crypto_shash *tfm; struct shash_desc *desc; int ret = 0, i, j, zero_buf_sz, sha_region_sz; size_t desc_size, nullsz; char *digest; void *zero_buf; struct kexec_sha_region *sha_regions; struct purgatory_info *pi = &image->purgatory_info; zero_buf = __va(page_to_pfn(ZERO_PAGE(0)) << PAGE_SHIFT); zero_buf_sz = PAGE_SIZE; tfm = crypto_alloc_shash("sha256", 0, 0); if (IS_ERR(tfm)) { ret = PTR_ERR(tfm); goto out; } desc_size = crypto_shash_descsize(tfm) + sizeof(*desc); desc = kzalloc(desc_size, GFP_KERNEL); if (!desc) { ret = -ENOMEM; goto out_free_tfm; } sha_region_sz = KEXEC_SEGMENT_MAX * sizeof(struct kexec_sha_region); sha_regions = vzalloc(sha_region_sz); if (!sha_regions) goto out_free_desc; desc->tfm = tfm; desc->flags = 0; ret = crypto_shash_init(desc); if (ret < 0) goto out_free_sha_regions; digest = kzalloc(SHA256_DIGEST_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL); if (!digest) { ret = -ENOMEM; goto out_free_sha_regions; } for (j = i = 0; i < image->nr_segments; i++) { struct kexec_segment *ksegment; ksegment = &image->segment[i]; /* * Skip purgatory as it will be modified once we put digest * info in purgatory. */ if (ksegment->kbuf == pi->purgatory_buf) continue; ret = crypto_shash_update(desc, ksegment->kbuf, ksegment->bufsz); if (ret) break; /* * Assume rest of the buffer is filled with zero and * update digest accordingly. */ nullsz = ksegment->memsz - ksegment->bufsz; while (nullsz) { unsigned long bytes = nullsz; if (bytes > zero_buf_sz) bytes = zero_buf_sz; ret = crypto_shash_update(desc, zero_buf, bytes); if (ret) break; nullsz -= bytes; } if (ret) break; sha_regions[j].start = ksegment->mem; sha_regions[j].len = ksegment->memsz; j++; } if (!ret) { ret = crypto_shash_final(desc, digest); if (ret) goto out_free_digest; ret = kexec_purgatory_get_set_symbol(image, "sha_regions", sha_regions, sha_region_sz, 0); if (ret) goto out_free_digest; ret = kexec_purgatory_get_set_symbol(image, "sha256_digest", digest, SHA256_DIGEST_SIZE, 0); if (ret) goto out_free_digest; } out_free_digest: kfree(digest); out_free_sha_regions: vfree(sha_regions); out_free_desc: kfree(desc); out_free_tfm: kfree(tfm); out: return ret; } /* Actually load purgatory. Lot of code taken from kexec-tools */ static int __kexec_load_purgatory(struct kimage *image, unsigned long min, unsigned long max, int top_down) { struct purgatory_info *pi = &image->purgatory_info; unsigned long align, buf_align, bss_align, buf_sz, bss_sz, bss_pad; unsigned long memsz, entry, load_addr, curr_load_addr, bss_addr, offset; unsigned char *buf_addr, *src; int i, ret = 0, entry_sidx = -1; const Elf_Shdr *sechdrs_c; Elf_Shdr *sechdrs = NULL; void *purgatory_buf = NULL; /* * sechdrs_c points to section headers in purgatory and are read * only. No modifications allowed. */ sechdrs_c = (void *)pi->ehdr + pi->ehdr->e_shoff; /* * We can not modify sechdrs_c[] and its fields. It is read only. * Copy it over to a local copy where one can store some temporary * data and free it at the end. We need to modify ->sh_addr and * ->sh_offset fields to keep track of permanent and temporary * locations of sections. */ sechdrs = vzalloc(pi->ehdr->e_shnum * sizeof(Elf_Shdr)); if (!sechdrs) return -ENOMEM; memcpy(sechdrs, sechdrs_c, pi->ehdr->e_shnum * sizeof(Elf_Shdr)); /* * We seem to have multiple copies of sections. First copy is which * is embedded in kernel in read only section. Some of these sections * will be copied to a temporary buffer and relocated. And these * sections will finally be copied to their final destination at * segment load time. * * Use ->sh_offset to reflect section address in memory. It will * point to original read only copy if section is not allocatable. * Otherwise it will point to temporary copy which will be relocated. * * Use ->sh_addr to contain final address of the section where it * will go during execution time. */ for (i = 0; i < pi->ehdr->e_shnum; i++) { if (sechdrs[i].sh_type == SHT_NOBITS) continue; sechdrs[i].sh_offset = (unsigned long)pi->ehdr + sechdrs[i].sh_offset; } /* * Identify entry point section and make entry relative to section * start. */ entry = pi->ehdr->e_entry; for (i = 0; i < pi->ehdr->e_shnum; i++) { if (!(sechdrs[i].sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC)) continue; if (!(sechdrs[i].sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR)) continue; /* Make entry section relative */ if (sechdrs[i].sh_addr <= pi->ehdr->e_entry && ((sechdrs[i].sh_addr + sechdrs[i].sh_size) > pi->ehdr->e_entry)) { entry_sidx = i; entry -= sechdrs[i].sh_addr; break; } } /* Determine how much memory is needed to load relocatable object. */ buf_align = 1; bss_align = 1; buf_sz = 0; bss_sz = 0; for (i = 0; i < pi->ehdr->e_shnum; i++) { if (!(sechdrs[i].sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC)) continue; align = sechdrs[i].sh_addralign; if (sechdrs[i].sh_type != SHT_NOBITS) { if (buf_align < align) buf_align = align; buf_sz = ALIGN(buf_sz, align); buf_sz += sechdrs[i].sh_size; } else { /* bss section */ if (bss_align < align) bss_align = align; bss_sz = ALIGN(bss_sz, align); bss_sz += sechdrs[i].sh_size; } } /* Determine the bss padding required to align bss properly */ bss_pad = 0; if (buf_sz & (bss_align - 1)) bss_pad = bss_align - (buf_sz & (bss_align - 1)); memsz = buf_sz + bss_pad + bss_sz; /* Allocate buffer for purgatory */ purgatory_buf = vzalloc(buf_sz); if (!purgatory_buf) { ret = -ENOMEM; goto out; } if (buf_align < bss_align) buf_align = bss_align; /* Add buffer to segment list */ ret = kexec_add_buffer(image, purgatory_buf, buf_sz, memsz, buf_align, min, max, top_down, &pi->purgatory_load_addr); if (ret) goto out; /* Load SHF_ALLOC sections */ buf_addr = purgatory_buf; load_addr = curr_load_addr = pi->purgatory_load_addr; bss_addr = load_addr + buf_sz + bss_pad; for (i = 0; i < pi->ehdr->e_shnum; i++) { if (!(sechdrs[i].sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC)) continue; align = sechdrs[i].sh_addralign; if (sechdrs[i].sh_type != SHT_NOBITS) { curr_load_addr = ALIGN(curr_load_addr, align); offset = curr_load_addr - load_addr; /* We already modifed ->sh_offset to keep src addr */ src = (char *) sechdrs[i].sh_offset; memcpy(buf_addr + offset, src, sechdrs[i].sh_size); /* Store load address and source address of section */ sechdrs[i].sh_addr = curr_load_addr; /* * This section got copied to temporary buffer. Update * ->sh_offset accordingly. */ sechdrs[i].sh_offset = (unsigned long)(buf_addr + offset); /* Advance to the next address */ curr_load_addr += sechdrs[i].sh_size; } else { bss_addr = ALIGN(bss_addr, align); sechdrs[i].sh_addr = bss_addr; bss_addr += sechdrs[i].sh_size; } } /* Update entry point based on load address of text section */ if (entry_sidx >= 0) entry += sechdrs[entry_sidx].sh_addr; /* Make kernel jump to purgatory after shutdown */ image->start = entry; /* Used later to get/set symbol values */ pi->sechdrs = sechdrs; /* * Used later to identify which section is purgatory and skip it * from checksumming. */ pi->purgatory_buf = purgatory_buf; return ret; out: vfree(sechdrs); vfree(purgatory_buf); return ret; } static int kexec_apply_relocations(struct kimage *image) { int i, ret; struct purgatory_info *pi = &image->purgatory_info; Elf_Shdr *sechdrs = pi->sechdrs; /* Apply relocations */ for (i = 0; i < pi->ehdr->e_shnum; i++) { Elf_Shdr *section, *symtab; if (sechdrs[i].sh_type != SHT_RELA && sechdrs[i].sh_type != SHT_REL) continue; /* * For section of type SHT_RELA/SHT_REL, * ->sh_link contains section header index of associated * symbol table. And ->sh_info contains section header * index of section to which relocations apply. */ if (sechdrs[i].sh_info >= pi->ehdr->e_shnum || sechdrs[i].sh_link >= pi->ehdr->e_shnum) return -ENOEXEC; section = &sechdrs[sechdrs[i].sh_info]; symtab = &sechdrs[sechdrs[i].sh_link]; if (!(section->sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC)) continue; /* * symtab->sh_link contain section header index of associated * string table. */ if (symtab->sh_link >= pi->ehdr->e_shnum) /* Invalid section number? */ continue; /* * Respective archicture needs to provide support for applying * relocations of type SHT_RELA/SHT_REL. */ if (sechdrs[i].sh_type == SHT_RELA) ret = arch_kexec_apply_relocations_add(pi->ehdr, sechdrs, i); else if (sechdrs[i].sh_type == SHT_REL) ret = arch_kexec_apply_relocations(pi->ehdr, sechdrs, i); if (ret) return ret; } return 0; } /* Load relocatable purgatory object and relocate it appropriately */ int kexec_load_purgatory(struct kimage *image, unsigned long min, unsigned long max, int top_down, unsigned long *load_addr) { struct purgatory_info *pi = &image->purgatory_info; int ret; if (kexec_purgatory_size <= 0) return -EINVAL; if (kexec_purgatory_size < sizeof(Elf_Ehdr)) return -ENOEXEC; pi->ehdr = (Elf_Ehdr *)kexec_purgatory; if (memcmp(pi->ehdr->e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG) != 0 || pi->ehdr->e_type != ET_REL || !elf_check_arch(pi->ehdr) || pi->ehdr->e_shentsize != sizeof(Elf_Shdr)) return -ENOEXEC; if (pi->ehdr->e_shoff >= kexec_purgatory_size || (pi->ehdr->e_shnum * sizeof(Elf_Shdr) > kexec_purgatory_size - pi->ehdr->e_shoff)) return -ENOEXEC; ret = __kexec_load_purgatory(image, min, max, top_down); if (ret) return ret; ret = kexec_apply_relocations(image); if (ret) goto out; *load_addr = pi->purgatory_load_addr; return 0; out: vfree(pi->sechdrs); vfree(pi->purgatory_buf); return ret; } static Elf_Sym *kexec_purgatory_find_symbol(struct purgatory_info *pi, const char *name) { Elf_Sym *syms; Elf_Shdr *sechdrs; Elf_Ehdr *ehdr; int i, k; const char *strtab; if (!pi->sechdrs || !pi->ehdr) return NULL; sechdrs = pi->sechdrs; ehdr = pi->ehdr; for (i = 0; i < ehdr->e_shnum; i++) { if (sechdrs[i].sh_type != SHT_SYMTAB) continue; if (sechdrs[i].sh_link >= ehdr->e_shnum) /* Invalid strtab section number */ continue; strtab = (char *)sechdrs[sechdrs[i].sh_link].sh_offset; syms = (Elf_Sym *)sechdrs[i].sh_offset; /* Go through symbols for a match */ for (k = 0; k < sechdrs[i].sh_size/sizeof(Elf_Sym); k++) { if (ELF_ST_BIND(syms[k].st_info) != STB_GLOBAL) continue; if (strcmp(strtab + syms[k].st_name, name) != 0) continue; if (syms[k].st_shndx == SHN_UNDEF || syms[k].st_shndx >= ehdr->e_shnum) { pr_debug("Symbol: %s has bad section index %d.\n", name, syms[k].st_shndx); return NULL; } /* Found the symbol we are looking for */ return &syms[k]; } } return NULL; } void *kexec_purgatory_get_symbol_addr(struct kimage *image, const char *name) { struct purgatory_info *pi = &image->purgatory_info; Elf_Sym *sym; Elf_Shdr *sechdr; sym = kexec_purgatory_find_symbol(pi, name); if (!sym) return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL); sechdr = &pi->sechdrs[sym->st_shndx]; /* * Returns the address where symbol will finally be loaded after * kexec_load_segment() */ return (void *)(sechdr->sh_addr + sym->st_value); } /* * Get or set value of a symbol. If "get_value" is true, symbol value is * returned in buf otherwise symbol value is set based on value in buf. */ int kexec_purgatory_get_set_symbol(struct kimage *image, const char *name, void *buf, unsigned int size, bool get_value) { Elf_Sym *sym; Elf_Shdr *sechdrs; struct purgatory_info *pi = &image->purgatory_info; char *sym_buf; sym = kexec_purgatory_find_symbol(pi, name); if (!sym) return -EINVAL; if (sym->st_size != size) { pr_err("symbol %s size mismatch: expected %lu actual %u\n", name, (unsigned long)sym->st_size, size); return -EINVAL; } sechdrs = pi->sechdrs; if (sechdrs[sym->st_shndx].sh_type == SHT_NOBITS) { pr_err("symbol %s is in a bss section. Cannot %s\n", name, get_value ? "get" : "set"); return -EINVAL; } sym_buf = (unsigned char *)sechdrs[sym->st_shndx].sh_offset + sym->st_value; if (get_value) memcpy((void *)buf, sym_buf, size); else memcpy((void *)sym_buf, buf, size); return 0; } #endif /* CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE */ /* * Move into place and start executing a preloaded standalone * executable. If nothing was preloaded return an error. */ int kernel_kexec(void) { int error = 0; if (!mutex_trylock(&kexec_mutex)) return -EBUSY; if (!kexec_image) { error = -EINVAL; goto Unlock; } #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP if (kexec_image->preserve_context) { lock_system_sleep(); pm_prepare_console(); error = freeze_processes(); if (error) { error = -EBUSY; goto Restore_console; } suspend_console(); error = dpm_suspend_start(PMSG_FREEZE); if (error) goto Resume_console; /* At this point, dpm_suspend_start() has been called, * but *not* dpm_suspend_end(). We *must* call * dpm_suspend_end() now. Otherwise, drivers for * some devices (e.g. interrupt controllers) become * desynchronized with the actual state of the * hardware at resume time, and evil weirdness ensues. */ error = dpm_suspend_end(PMSG_FREEZE); if (error) goto Resume_devices; error = disable_nonboot_cpus(); if (error) goto Enable_cpus; local_irq_disable(); error = syscore_suspend(); if (error) goto Enable_irqs; } else #endif { kexec_in_progress = true; kernel_restart_prepare(NULL); migrate_to_reboot_cpu(); /* * migrate_to_reboot_cpu() disables CPU hotplug assuming that * no further code needs to use CPU hotplug (which is true in * the reboot case). However, the kexec path depends on using * CPU hotplug again; so re-enable it here. */ cpu_hotplug_enable(); pr_emerg("Starting new kernel\n"); machine_shutdown(); } machine_kexec(kexec_image); #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP if (kexec_image->preserve_context) { syscore_resume(); Enable_irqs: local_irq_enable(); Enable_cpus: enable_nonboot_cpus(); dpm_resume_start(PMSG_RESTORE); Resume_devices: dpm_resume_end(PMSG_RESTORE); Resume_console: resume_console(); thaw_processes(); Restore_console: pm_restore_console(); unlock_system_sleep(); } #endif Unlock: mutex_unlock(&kexec_mutex); return error; }