/* * Resizable, Scalable, Concurrent Hash Table * * Copyright (c) 2014 Thomas Graf * Copyright (c) 2008-2014 Patrick McHardy * * Based on the following paper by Josh Triplett, Paul E. McKenney * and Jonathan Walpole: * https://www.usenix.org/legacy/event/atc11/tech/final_files/Triplett.pdf * * Code partially derived from nft_hash * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as * published by the Free Software Foundation. */ #ifndef _LINUX_RHASHTABLE_H #define _LINUX_RHASHTABLE_H #include #include #include #include #include /* * The end of the chain is marked with a special nulls marks which has * the following format: * * +-------+-----------------------------------------------------+-+ * | Base | Hash |1| * +-------+-----------------------------------------------------+-+ * * Base (4 bits) : Reserved to distinguish between multiple tables. * Specified via &struct rhashtable_params.nulls_base. * Hash (27 bits): Full hash (unmasked) of first element added to bucket * 1 (1 bit) : Nulls marker (always set) * * The remaining bits of the next pointer remain unused for now. */ #define RHT_BASE_BITS 4 #define RHT_HASH_BITS 27 #define RHT_BASE_SHIFT RHT_HASH_BITS /* Base bits plus 1 bit for nulls marker */ #define RHT_HASH_RESERVED_SPACE (RHT_BASE_BITS + 1) struct rhash_head { struct rhash_head __rcu *next; }; /** * struct bucket_table - Table of hash buckets * @size: Number of hash buckets * @rehash: Current bucket being rehashed * @hash_rnd: Random seed to fold into hash * @locks_mask: Mask to apply before accessing locks[] * @locks: Array of spinlocks protecting individual buckets * @walkers: List of active walkers * @rcu: RCU structure for freeing the table * @future_tbl: Table under construction during rehashing * @buckets: size * hash buckets */ struct bucket_table { unsigned int size; unsigned int rehash; u32 hash_rnd; unsigned int locks_mask; spinlock_t *locks; struct list_head walkers; struct rcu_head rcu; struct bucket_table __rcu *future_tbl; struct rhash_head __rcu *buckets[] ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp; }; /** * struct rhashtable_compare_arg - Key for the function rhashtable_compare * @ht: Hash table * @key: Key to compare against */ struct rhashtable_compare_arg { struct rhashtable *ht; const void *key; }; typedef u32 (*rht_hashfn_t)(const void *data, u32 len, u32 seed); typedef u32 (*rht_obj_hashfn_t)(const void *data, u32 seed); typedef int (*rht_obj_cmpfn_t)(struct rhashtable_compare_arg *arg, const void *obj); struct rhashtable; /** * struct rhashtable_params - Hash table construction parameters * @nelem_hint: Hint on number of elements, should be 75% of desired size * @key_len: Length of key * @key_offset: Offset of key in struct to be hashed * @head_offset: Offset of rhash_head in struct to be hashed * @max_size: Maximum size while expanding * @min_size: Minimum size while shrinking * @nulls_base: Base value to generate nulls marker * @locks_mul: Number of bucket locks to allocate per cpu (default: 128) * @hashfn: Function to hash key * @obj_hashfn: Function to hash object * @obj_cmpfn: Function to compare key with object */ struct rhashtable_params { size_t nelem_hint; size_t key_len; size_t key_offset; size_t head_offset; unsigned int max_size; unsigned int min_size; u32 nulls_base; size_t locks_mul; rht_hashfn_t hashfn; rht_obj_hashfn_t obj_hashfn; rht_obj_cmpfn_t obj_cmpfn; }; /** * struct rhashtable - Hash table handle * @tbl: Bucket table * @nelems: Number of elements in table * @p: Configuration parameters * @run_work: Deferred worker to expand/shrink asynchronously * @mutex: Mutex to protect current/future table swapping * @being_destroyed: True if table is set up for destruction */ struct rhashtable { struct bucket_table __rcu *tbl; atomic_t nelems; bool being_destroyed; struct rhashtable_params p; struct work_struct run_work; struct mutex mutex; }; /** * struct rhashtable_walker - Hash table walker * @list: List entry on list of walkers * @tbl: The table that we were walking over */ struct rhashtable_walker { struct list_head list; struct bucket_table *tbl; }; /** * struct rhashtable_iter - Hash table iterator, fits into netlink cb * @ht: Table to iterate through * @p: Current pointer * @walker: Associated rhashtable walker * @slot: Current slot * @skip: Number of entries to skip in slot */ struct rhashtable_iter { struct rhashtable *ht; struct rhash_head *p; struct rhashtable_walker *walker; unsigned int slot; unsigned int skip; }; static inline unsigned long rht_marker(const struct rhashtable *ht, u32 hash) { return NULLS_MARKER(ht->p.nulls_base + hash); } #define INIT_RHT_NULLS_HEAD(ptr, ht, hash) \ ((ptr) = (typeof(ptr)) rht_marker(ht, hash)) static inline bool rht_is_a_nulls(const struct rhash_head *ptr) { return ((unsigned long) ptr & 1); } static inline unsigned long rht_get_nulls_value(const struct rhash_head *ptr) { return ((unsigned long) ptr) >> 1; } static inline void *rht_obj(const struct rhashtable *ht, const struct rhash_head *he) { return (char *)he - ht->p.head_offset; } static inline unsigned int rht_bucket_index(const struct bucket_table *tbl, unsigned int hash) { return (hash >> RHT_HASH_RESERVED_SPACE) & (tbl->size - 1); } static inline unsigned int rht_key_hashfn( struct rhashtable *ht, const struct bucket_table *tbl, const void *key, const struct rhashtable_params params) { return rht_bucket_index(tbl, params.hashfn(key, params.key_len ?: ht->p.key_len, tbl->hash_rnd)); } static inline unsigned int rht_head_hashfn( struct rhashtable *ht, const struct bucket_table *tbl, const struct rhash_head *he, const struct rhashtable_params params) { const char *ptr = rht_obj(ht, he); return likely(params.obj_hashfn) ? rht_bucket_index(tbl, params.obj_hashfn(ptr, tbl->hash_rnd)) : rht_key_hashfn(ht, tbl, ptr + params.key_offset, params); } /** * rht_grow_above_75 - returns true if nelems > 0.75 * table-size * @ht: hash table * @tbl: current table */ static inline bool rht_grow_above_75(const struct rhashtable *ht, const struct bucket_table *tbl) { /* Expand table when exceeding 75% load */ return atomic_read(&ht->nelems) > (tbl->size / 4 * 3) && (!ht->p.max_size || tbl->size < ht->p.max_size); } /** * rht_shrink_below_30 - returns true if nelems < 0.3 * table-size * @ht: hash table * @tbl: current table */ static inline bool rht_shrink_below_30(const struct rhashtable *ht, const struct bucket_table *tbl) { /* Shrink table beneath 30% load */ return atomic_read(&ht->nelems) < (tbl->size * 3 / 10) && tbl->size > ht->p.min_size; } /* The bucket lock is selected based on the hash and protects mutations * on a group of hash buckets. * * A maximum of tbl->size/2 bucket locks is allocated. This ensures that * a single lock always covers both buckets which may both contains * entries which link to the same bucket of the old table during resizing. * This allows to simplify the locking as locking the bucket in both * tables during resize always guarantee protection. * * IMPORTANT: When holding the bucket lock of both the old and new table * during expansions and shrinking, the old bucket lock must always be * acquired first. */ static inline spinlock_t *rht_bucket_lock(const struct bucket_table *tbl, unsigned int hash) { return &tbl->locks[hash & tbl->locks_mask]; } #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING int lockdep_rht_mutex_is_held(struct rhashtable *ht); int lockdep_rht_bucket_is_held(const struct bucket_table *tbl, u32 hash); #else static inline int lockdep_rht_mutex_is_held(struct rhashtable *ht) { return 1; } static inline int lockdep_rht_bucket_is_held(const struct bucket_table *tbl, u32 hash) { return 1; } #endif /* CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING */ int rhashtable_init(struct rhashtable *ht, const struct rhashtable_params *params); int rhashtable_insert_slow(struct rhashtable *ht, const void *key, struct rhash_head *obj, struct bucket_table *old_tbl); void rhashtable_insert(struct rhashtable *ht, struct rhash_head *node); bool rhashtable_remove(struct rhashtable *ht, struct rhash_head *node); int rhashtable_expand(struct rhashtable *ht); int rhashtable_shrink(struct rhashtable *ht); void *rhashtable_lookup(struct rhashtable *ht, const void *key); void *rhashtable_lookup_compare(struct rhashtable *ht, const void *key, bool (*compare)(void *, void *), void *arg); bool rhashtable_lookup_insert(struct rhashtable *ht, struct rhash_head *obj); bool rhashtable_lookup_compare_insert(struct rhashtable *ht, struct rhash_head *obj, bool (*compare)(void *, void *), void *arg); int rhashtable_walk_init(struct rhashtable *ht, struct rhashtable_iter *iter); void rhashtable_walk_exit(struct rhashtable_iter *iter); int rhashtable_walk_start(struct rhashtable_iter *iter) __acquires(RCU); void *rhashtable_walk_next(struct rhashtable_iter *iter); void rhashtable_walk_stop(struct rhashtable_iter *iter) __releases(RCU); void rhashtable_destroy(struct rhashtable *ht); #define rht_dereference(p, ht) \ rcu_dereference_protected(p, lockdep_rht_mutex_is_held(ht)) #define rht_dereference_rcu(p, ht) \ rcu_dereference_check(p, lockdep_rht_mutex_is_held(ht)) #define rht_dereference_bucket(p, tbl, hash) \ rcu_dereference_protected(p, lockdep_rht_bucket_is_held(tbl, hash)) #define rht_dereference_bucket_rcu(p, tbl, hash) \ rcu_dereference_check(p, lockdep_rht_bucket_is_held(tbl, hash)) #define rht_entry(tpos, pos, member) \ ({ tpos = container_of(pos, typeof(*tpos), member); 1; }) /** * rht_for_each_continue - continue iterating over hash chain * @pos: the &struct rhash_head to use as a loop cursor. * @head: the previous &struct rhash_head to continue from * @tbl: the &struct bucket_table * @hash: the hash value / bucket index */ #define rht_for_each_continue(pos, head, tbl, hash) \ for (pos = rht_dereference_bucket(head, tbl, hash); \ !rht_is_a_nulls(pos); \ pos = rht_dereference_bucket((pos)->next, tbl, hash)) /** * rht_for_each - iterate over hash chain * @pos: the &struct rhash_head to use as a loop cursor. * @tbl: the &struct bucket_table * @hash: the hash value / bucket index */ #define rht_for_each(pos, tbl, hash) \ rht_for_each_continue(pos, (tbl)->buckets[hash], tbl, hash) /** * rht_for_each_entry_continue - continue iterating over hash chain * @tpos: the type * to use as a loop cursor. * @pos: the &struct rhash_head to use as a loop cursor. * @head: the previous &struct rhash_head to continue from * @tbl: the &struct bucket_table * @hash: the hash value / bucket index * @member: name of the &struct rhash_head within the hashable struct. */ #define rht_for_each_entry_continue(tpos, pos, head, tbl, hash, member) \ for (pos = rht_dereference_bucket(head, tbl, hash); \ (!rht_is_a_nulls(pos)) && rht_entry(tpos, pos, member); \ pos = rht_dereference_bucket((pos)->next, tbl, hash)) /** * rht_for_each_entry - iterate over hash chain of given type * @tpos: the type * to use as a loop cursor. * @pos: the &struct rhash_head to use as a loop cursor. * @tbl: the &struct bucket_table * @hash: the hash value / bucket index * @member: name of the &struct rhash_head within the hashable struct. */ #define rht_for_each_entry(tpos, pos, tbl, hash, member) \ rht_for_each_entry_continue(tpos, pos, (tbl)->buckets[hash], \ tbl, hash, member) /** * rht_for_each_entry_safe - safely iterate over hash chain of given type * @tpos: the type * to use as a loop cursor. * @pos: the &struct rhash_head to use as a loop cursor. * @next: the &struct rhash_head to use as next in loop cursor. * @tbl: the &struct bucket_table * @hash: the hash value / bucket index * @member: name of the &struct rhash_head within the hashable struct. * * This hash chain list-traversal primitive allows for the looped code to * remove the loop cursor from the list. */ #define rht_for_each_entry_safe(tpos, pos, next, tbl, hash, member) \ for (pos = rht_dereference_bucket((tbl)->buckets[hash], tbl, hash), \ next = !rht_is_a_nulls(pos) ? \ rht_dereference_bucket(pos->next, tbl, hash) : NULL; \ (!rht_is_a_nulls(pos)) && rht_entry(tpos, pos, member); \ pos = next, \ next = !rht_is_a_nulls(pos) ? \ rht_dereference_bucket(pos->next, tbl, hash) : NULL) /** * rht_for_each_rcu_continue - continue iterating over rcu hash chain * @pos: the &struct rhash_head to use as a loop cursor. * @head: the previous &struct rhash_head to continue from * @tbl: the &struct bucket_table * @hash: the hash value / bucket index * * This hash chain list-traversal primitive may safely run concurrently with * the _rcu mutation primitives such as rhashtable_insert() as long as the * traversal is guarded by rcu_read_lock(). */ #define rht_for_each_rcu_continue(pos, head, tbl, hash) \ for (({barrier(); }), \ pos = rht_dereference_bucket_rcu(head, tbl, hash); \ !rht_is_a_nulls(pos); \ pos = rcu_dereference_raw(pos->next)) /** * rht_for_each_rcu - iterate over rcu hash chain * @pos: the &struct rhash_head to use as a loop cursor. * @tbl: the &struct bucket_table * @hash: the hash value / bucket index * * This hash chain list-traversal primitive may safely run concurrently with * the _rcu mutation primitives such as rhashtable_insert() as long as the * traversal is guarded by rcu_read_lock(). */ #define rht_for_each_rcu(pos, tbl, hash) \ rht_for_each_rcu_continue(pos, (tbl)->buckets[hash], tbl, hash) /** * rht_for_each_entry_rcu_continue - continue iterating over rcu hash chain * @tpos: the type * to use as a loop cursor. * @pos: the &struct rhash_head to use as a loop cursor. * @head: the previous &struct rhash_head to continue from * @tbl: the &struct bucket_table * @hash: the hash value / bucket index * @member: name of the &struct rhash_head within the hashable struct. * * This hash chain list-traversal primitive may safely run concurrently with * the _rcu mutation primitives such as rhashtable_insert() as long as the * traversal is guarded by rcu_read_lock(). */ #define rht_for_each_entry_rcu_continue(tpos, pos, head, tbl, hash, member) \ for (({barrier(); }), \ pos = rht_dereference_bucket_rcu(head, tbl, hash); \ (!rht_is_a_nulls(pos)) && rht_entry(tpos, pos, member); \ pos = rht_dereference_bucket_rcu(pos->next, tbl, hash)) /** * rht_for_each_entry_rcu - iterate over rcu hash chain of given type * @tpos: the type * to use as a loop cursor. * @pos: the &struct rhash_head to use as a loop cursor. * @tbl: the &struct bucket_table * @hash: the hash value / bucket index * @member: name of the &struct rhash_head within the hashable struct. * * This hash chain list-traversal primitive may safely run concurrently with * the _rcu mutation primitives such as rhashtable_insert() as long as the * traversal is guarded by rcu_read_lock(). */ #define rht_for_each_entry_rcu(tpos, pos, tbl, hash, member) \ rht_for_each_entry_rcu_continue(tpos, pos, (tbl)->buckets[hash],\ tbl, hash, member) static inline int rhashtable_compare(struct rhashtable_compare_arg *arg, const void *obj) { struct rhashtable *ht = arg->ht; const char *ptr = obj; return memcmp(ptr + ht->p.key_offset, arg->key, ht->p.key_len); } /** * rhashtable_lookup_fast - search hash table, inlined version * @ht: hash table * @key: the pointer to the key * @params: hash table parameters * * Computes the hash value for the key and traverses the bucket chain looking * for a entry with an identical key. The first matching entry is returned. * * Returns the first entry on which the compare function returned true. */ static inline void *rhashtable_lookup_fast( struct rhashtable *ht, const void *key, const struct rhashtable_params params) { struct rhashtable_compare_arg arg = { .ht = ht, .key = key, }; const struct bucket_table *tbl; struct rhash_head *he; unsigned hash; rcu_read_lock(); tbl = rht_dereference_rcu(ht->tbl, ht); restart: hash = rht_key_hashfn(ht, tbl, key, params); rht_for_each_rcu(he, tbl, hash) { if (params.obj_cmpfn ? params.obj_cmpfn(&arg, rht_obj(ht, he)) : rhashtable_compare(&arg, rht_obj(ht, he))) continue; rcu_read_unlock(); return rht_obj(ht, he); } /* Ensure we see any new tables. */ smp_rmb(); tbl = rht_dereference_rcu(tbl->future_tbl, ht); if (unlikely(tbl)) goto restart; rcu_read_unlock(); return NULL; } static inline int __rhashtable_insert_fast( struct rhashtable *ht, const void *key, struct rhash_head *obj, const struct rhashtable_params params) { struct rhashtable_compare_arg arg = { .ht = ht, .key = key, }; int err = -EEXIST; struct bucket_table *tbl, *new_tbl; struct rhash_head *head; spinlock_t *lock; unsigned hash; rcu_read_lock(); tbl = rht_dereference_rcu(ht->tbl, ht); hash = rht_head_hashfn(ht, tbl, obj, params); lock = rht_bucket_lock(tbl, hash); spin_lock_bh(lock); /* Because we have already taken the bucket lock in tbl, * if we find that future_tbl is not yet visible then * that guarantees all other insertions of the same entry * will also grab the bucket lock in tbl because until * the rehash completes ht->tbl won't be changed. */ new_tbl = rht_dereference_rcu(tbl->future_tbl, ht); if (unlikely(new_tbl)) { err = rhashtable_insert_slow(ht, key, obj, new_tbl); goto out; } if (!key) goto skip_lookup; rht_for_each(head, tbl, hash) { if (unlikely(!(params.obj_cmpfn ? params.obj_cmpfn(&arg, rht_obj(ht, head)) : rhashtable_compare(&arg, rht_obj(ht, head))))) goto out; } skip_lookup: err = 0; head = rht_dereference_bucket(tbl->buckets[hash], tbl, hash); RCU_INIT_POINTER(obj->next, head); rcu_assign_pointer(tbl->buckets[hash], obj); atomic_inc(&ht->nelems); if (rht_grow_above_75(ht, tbl)) schedule_work(&ht->run_work); out: spin_unlock_bh(lock); rcu_read_unlock(); return err; } /** * rhashtable_insert_fast - insert object into hash table * @ht: hash table * @obj: pointer to hash head inside object * @params: hash table parameters * * Will take a per bucket spinlock to protect against mutual mutations * on the same bucket. Multiple insertions may occur in parallel unless * they map to the same bucket lock. * * It is safe to call this function from atomic context. * * Will trigger an automatic deferred table resizing if the size grows * beyond the watermark indicated by grow_decision() which can be passed * to rhashtable_init(). */ static inline int rhashtable_insert_fast( struct rhashtable *ht, struct rhash_head *obj, const struct rhashtable_params params) { return __rhashtable_insert_fast(ht, NULL, obj, params); } /** * rhashtable_lookup_insert_fast - lookup and insert object into hash table * @ht: hash table * @obj: pointer to hash head inside object * @params: hash table parameters * * Locks down the bucket chain in both the old and new table if a resize * is in progress to ensure that writers can't remove from the old table * and can't insert to the new table during the atomic operation of search * and insertion. Searches for duplicates in both the old and new table if * a resize is in progress. * * This lookup function may only be used for fixed key hash table (key_len * parameter set). It will BUG() if used inappropriately. * * It is safe to call this function from atomic context. * * Will trigger an automatic deferred table resizing if the size grows * beyond the watermark indicated by grow_decision() which can be passed * to rhashtable_init(). */ static inline int rhashtable_lookup_insert_fast( struct rhashtable *ht, struct rhash_head *obj, const struct rhashtable_params params) { const char *key = rht_obj(ht, obj); BUG_ON(ht->p.obj_hashfn); return __rhashtable_insert_fast(ht, key + ht->p.key_offset, obj, params); } /** * rhashtable_lookup_insert_key - search and insert object to hash table * with explicit key * @ht: hash table * @key: key * @obj: pointer to hash head inside object * @params: hash table parameters * * Locks down the bucket chain in both the old and new table if a resize * is in progress to ensure that writers can't remove from the old table * and can't insert to the new table during the atomic operation of search * and insertion. Searches for duplicates in both the old and new table if * a resize is in progress. * * Lookups may occur in parallel with hashtable mutations and resizing. * * Will trigger an automatic deferred table resizing if the size grows * beyond the watermark indicated by grow_decision() which can be passed * to rhashtable_init(). * * Returns zero on success. */ static inline int rhashtable_lookup_insert_key( struct rhashtable *ht, const void *key, struct rhash_head *obj, const struct rhashtable_params params) { BUG_ON(!ht->p.obj_hashfn || !key); return __rhashtable_insert_fast(ht, key, obj, params); } static inline int __rhashtable_remove_fast( struct rhashtable *ht, struct bucket_table *tbl, struct rhash_head *obj, const struct rhashtable_params params) { struct rhash_head __rcu **pprev; struct rhash_head *he; spinlock_t * lock; unsigned hash; int err = -ENOENT; hash = rht_head_hashfn(ht, tbl, obj, params); lock = rht_bucket_lock(tbl, hash); spin_lock_bh(lock); pprev = &tbl->buckets[hash]; rht_for_each(he, tbl, hash) { if (he != obj) { pprev = &he->next; continue; } rcu_assign_pointer(*pprev, obj->next); err = 0; break; } spin_unlock_bh(lock); return err; } /** * rhashtable_remove_fast - remove object from hash table * @ht: hash table * @obj: pointer to hash head inside object * @params: hash table parameters * * Since the hash chain is single linked, the removal operation needs to * walk the bucket chain upon removal. The removal operation is thus * considerable slow if the hash table is not correctly sized. * * Will automatically shrink the table via rhashtable_expand() if the * shrink_decision function specified at rhashtable_init() returns true. * * Returns zero on success, -ENOENT if the entry could not be found. */ static inline int rhashtable_remove_fast( struct rhashtable *ht, struct rhash_head *obj, const struct rhashtable_params params) { struct bucket_table *tbl; int err; rcu_read_lock(); tbl = rht_dereference_rcu(ht->tbl, ht); /* Because we have already taken (and released) the bucket * lock in old_tbl, if we find that future_tbl is not yet * visible then that guarantees the entry to still be in * the old tbl if it exists. */ while ((err = __rhashtable_remove_fast(ht, tbl, obj, params)) && (tbl = rht_dereference_rcu(tbl->future_tbl, ht))) ; if (err) goto out; atomic_dec(&ht->nelems); if (rht_shrink_below_30(ht, tbl)) schedule_work(&ht->run_work); out: rcu_read_unlock(); return err; } #endif /* _LINUX_RHASHTABLE_H */