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* lib: make memzero_explicit more robust against dead store eliminationDaniel Borkmann2015-05-041-1/+15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | In commit 0b053c951829 ("lib: memzero_explicit: use barrier instead of OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR"), we made memzero_explicit() more robust in case LTO would decide to inline memzero_explicit() and eventually find out it could be elimiated as dead store. While using barrier() works well for the case of gcc, recent efforts from LLVMLinux people suggest to use llvm as an alternative to gcc, and there, Stephan found in a simple stand-alone user space example that llvm could nevertheless optimize and thus elimitate the memset(). A similar issue has been observed in the referenced llvm bug report, which is regarded as not-a-bug. Based on some experiments, icc is a bit special on its own, while it doesn't seem to eliminate the memset(), it could do so with an own implementation, and then result in similar findings as with llvm. The fix in this patch now works for all three compilers (also tested with more aggressive optimization levels). Arguably, in the current kernel tree it's more of a theoretical issue, but imho, it's better to be pedantic about it. It's clearly visible with gcc/llvm though, with the below code: if we would have used barrier() only here, llvm would have omitted clearing, not so with barrier_data() variant: static inline void memzero_explicit(void *s, size_t count) { memset(s, 0, count); barrier_data(s); } int main(void) { char buff[20]; memzero_explicit(buff, sizeof(buff)); return 0; } $ gcc -O2 test.c $ gdb a.out (gdb) disassemble main Dump of assembler code for function main: 0x0000000000400400 <+0>: lea -0x28(%rsp),%rax 0x0000000000400405 <+5>: movq $0x0,-0x28(%rsp) 0x000000000040040e <+14>: movq $0x0,-0x20(%rsp) 0x0000000000400417 <+23>: movl $0x0,-0x18(%rsp) 0x000000000040041f <+31>: xor %eax,%eax 0x0000000000400421 <+33>: retq End of assembler dump. $ clang -O2 test.c $ gdb a.out (gdb) disassemble main Dump of assembler code for function main: 0x00000000004004f0 <+0>: xorps %xmm0,%xmm0 0x00000000004004f3 <+3>: movaps %xmm0,-0x18(%rsp) 0x00000000004004f8 <+8>: movl $0x0,-0x8(%rsp) 0x0000000000400500 <+16>: lea -0x18(%rsp),%rax 0x0000000000400505 <+21>: xor %eax,%eax 0x0000000000400507 <+23>: retq End of assembler dump. As gcc, clang, but also icc defines __GNUC__, it's sufficient to define this in compiler-gcc.h only to be picked up. For a fallback or otherwise unsupported compiler, we define it as a barrier. Similarly, for ecc which does not support gcc inline asm. Reference: https://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=15495 Reported-by: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de> Tested-by: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de> Cc: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org> Cc: mancha security <mancha1@zoho.com> Cc: Mark Charlebois <charlebm@gmail.com> Cc: Behan Webster <behanw@converseincode.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
* compiler: introduce __alias(symbol) shortcutAndrey Ryabinin2015-02-131-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | To be consistent with other compiler attributes introduce __alias(symbol) macro expanding into __attribute__((alias(#symbol))) Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <a.ryabinin@samsung.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Chernenkov <dmitryc@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com> Cc: Yuri Gribov <tetra2005@gmail.com> Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* crypto: more robust crypto_memneqCesar Eduardo Barros2013-12-051-0/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Disabling compiler optimizations can be fragile, since a new optimization could be added to -O0 or -Os that breaks the assumptions the code is making. Instead of disabling compiler optimizations, use a dummy inline assembly (based on RELOC_HIDE) to block the problematic kinds of optimization, while still allowing other optimizations to be applied to the code. The dummy inline assembly is added after every OR, and has the accumulator variable as its input and output. The compiler is forced to assume that the dummy inline assembly could both depend on the accumulator variable and change the accumulator variable, so it is forced to compute the value correctly before the inline assembly, and cannot assume anything about its value after the inline assembly. This change should be enough to make crypto_memneq work correctly (with data-independent timing) even if it is inlined at its call sites. That can be done later in a followup patch. Compile-tested on x86_64. Signed-off-by: Cesar Eduardo Barros <cesarb@cesarb.eti.br> Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
* compiler-gcc.h: Add gcc-recommended GCC_VERSION macroDaniel Santos2013-02-211-0/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Throughout compiler*.h, many version checks are made. These can be simplified by using the macro that gcc's documentation recommends. However, my primary reason for adding this is that I need bug-check macros that are enabled at certain gcc versions and it's cleaner to use this macro than the tradition method: #if __GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ => 2) If you add patch level, it gets this ugly: #if __GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && (__GNUC_MINOR__ > 2 || \ __GNUC_MINOR__ == 2 __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ >= 1)) As opposed to: #if GCC_VERSION >= 40201 While having separate headers for gcc 3 & 4 eliminates some of this verbosity, they can still be cleaned up by this. See also: http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cpp/Common-Predefined-Macros.html Signed-off-by: Daniel Santos <daniel.santos@pobox.com> Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* ftrace: Make all inline tags also include notraceSteven Rostedt2012-06-181-3/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commit 5963e317b1e9d2a ("ftrace/x86: Do not change stacks in DEBUG when calling lockdep") prevented lockdep calls from the int3 breakpoint handler from reseting the stack if a function that was called was in the process of being converted for tracing and had a breakpoint on it. The idea is, before calling the lockdep code, do a load_idt() to the special IDT that kept the breakpoint stack from reseting. This worked well as a quick fix for this kernel release, until a certain config caused a lockup in the function tracer start up tests. Investigating it, I found that the load_idt that was used to prevent the int3 from changing stacks was itself being traced! Even though the config had CONFIG_OPTIMIZE_INLINING disabled, and all 'inline' tags were set to always inline, there were still cases that it did not inline! This was caused by CONFIG_PARAVIRT_GUEST, where it would add a pointer to the native_load_idt() which made that function to be traced. Commit 45959ee7aa645815a ("ftrace: Do not function trace inlined functions") only touched the 'inline' tags when CONFIG_OPMITIZE_INLINING was enabled. PARAVIRT_GUEST shows that this was not enough and we need to also mark always_inline with notrace as well. Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <wfg@linux.intel.com> Tested-by: Fengguang Wu <wfg@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
* include/ and checkpatch: prefer __scanf to __attribute__((format(scanf,...)Joe Perches2012-03-231-1/+2
| | | | | | | | It's equivalent to __printf, so prefer __scanf. Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* ftrace: Do not function trace inlined functionsSteven Rostedt2011-12-211-0/+5
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | When gcc inlines a function, it does not mark it with the mcount prologue, which in turn means that inlined functions are not traced by the function tracer. But if CONFIG_OPTIMIZE_INLINING is set, then gcc is allowed not to inline a function that is marked inline. Depending on the options and the compiler, a function may or may not be traced by the function tracer, depending on whether gcc decides to inline a function or not. This has caused several problems in the pass becaues gcc is not always consistent with what it decides to inline between different gcc versions. Some places should not be traced (like paravirt native_* functions) and these are mostly marked as inline. When gcc decides not to inline the function, and if that function should not be traced, then the ftrace function tracer will suddenly break when it use to work fine. This becomes even harder to debug when different versions of gcc will not inline that function, making the same kernel and config work for some gcc versions and not work for others. By making all functions marked inline to not be traced will remove the ambiguity that gcc adds when it comes to tracing functions marked inline. All gcc versions will be consistent with what functions are traced and having volatile working code will be removed. Note, only the inline macro when CONFIG_OPTIMIZE_INLINING is set needs to have notrace added, as the attribute __always_inline will force the function to be inlined and then not traced. Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
* sparse: define __must_be_array() for __CHECKER__KOSAKI Motohiro2011-05-251-0/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit c5e631cf65f ("ARRAY_SIZE: check for type") added __must_be_array(). But sparse can't parse this gcc extention. Now make C=2 makes following sparse errors a lot. kernel/futex.c:2699:25: error: No right hand side of '+'-expression Because __must_be_array() is used for ARRAY_SIZE() macro and it is used very widely. This patch fixes it. Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* include/linux/compiler-gcc*.h: unify macro definitionsBorislav Petkov2011-03-221-0/+8
| | | | | | | | Unify identical gcc3.x and gcc4.x macros. Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* include/linux/compiler-gcc.h: use __same_type() in __must_be_array()Rusty Russell2010-08-091-2/+1
| | | | | | | | | We should use the __same_type() helper in __must_be_array(). Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Reported-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* compiler-gcc.h: gcc-4.5 needs noclone and noinline on __naked functionsMikael Pettersson2010-06-291-1/+9
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A __naked function is defined in C but with a body completely implemented by asm(), including any prologue and epilogue. These asm() bodies expect standard calling conventions for parameter passing. Older GCCs implement that correctly, but 4.[56] currently do not, see GCC PR44290. In the Linux kernel this breaks ARM, causing most arch/arm/mm/copypage-*.c modules to get miscompiled, resulting in kernel crashes during bootup. Part of the kernel fix is to augment the __naked function attribute to also imply noinline and noclone. This patch implements that, and has been verified to fix boot failures with gcc-4.5 compiled 2.6.34 and 2.6.35-rc1 kernels. The patch is a no-op with older GCCs. Signed-off-by: Mikael Pettersson <mikpe@it.uu.se> Signed-off-by: Khem Raj <raj.khem@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* compiler: Introduce __always_unusedLi Zefan2009-11-021-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | I wrote some code which is used as compile-time checker, and the code should be elided after compile. So I need to annotate the code as "always unused", compared to "maybe unused". Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> LKML-Reference: <4AEE2CEC.8040206@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* [ARM] 5421/1: ftrace: fix crash due to tracing of __naked functionsUwe Kleine-König2009-03-121-1/+9
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This is a fix for the following crash observed in 2.6.29-rc3: http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/1/29/150 On ARM it doesn't make sense to trace a naked function because then mcount is called without stack and frame pointer being set up and there is no chance to restore the lr register to the value before mcount was called. Reported-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <matthias@kaehlcke.net> Tested-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <matthias@kaehlcke.net> Cc: Abhishek Sagar <sagar.abhishek@gmail.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@home.goodmis.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
* compiler-gcc.h: add more comments to RELOC_HIDEAndi Kleen2009-01-091-2/+12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Requested by C. Lameter Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Sanitize gcc version header includesLinus Torvalds2009-01-021-0/+5
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - include the gcc version-dependent header files from the generic gcc header file, rather than the other way around (iow: don't make the non-gcc header file have to know about gcc versions) - don't include compiler-gcc4.h for gcc 5 (for whenever it gets released). That's just confusing and made us do odd things in the gcc4 header file (testing that we really had version 4!) - generate the name from the __GNUC__ version directly, rather than having a mess of #if conditionals. Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* inlining: do not allow gcc below version 4 to optimize inliningIngo Molnar2008-04-301-2/+3
| | | | | | | | | | fix the condition to match intention: always use the old inlining behavior on all gcc versions below 4. this should solve the UML build problem. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* generic: make optimized inlining arch-opt-inIngo Molnar2008-04-261-1/+2
| | | | | | | | | Stephen Rothwell reported that linux-next did not build on powerpc64. make optimized inlining dependent on architecture opt-in. Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* x86: add optimized inliningIngo Molnar2008-04-261-3/+9
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | add CONFIG_OPTIMIZE_INLINING=y. allow gcc to optimize the kernel image's size by uninlining functions that have been marked 'inline'. Previously gcc was forced by Linux to always-inline these functions via a gcc attribute: #define inline inline __attribute__((always_inline)) Especially when the user has already selected CONFIG_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE=y this can make a huge difference in kernel image size (using a standard Fedora .config): text data bss dec hex filename 5613924 562708 3854336 10030968 990f78 vmlinux.before 5486689 562708 3854336 9903733 971e75 vmlinux.after that's a 2.3% text size reduction (!). Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* Replace __attribute_pure__ with __pureRalf Baechle2007-10-181-1/+11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | To be consistent with the use of attributes in the rest of the kernel replace all use of __attribute_pure__ with __pure and delete the definition of __attribute_pure__. Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org> Cc: Bryan Wu <bryan.wu@analog.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Force erroneous inclusions of compiler-*.h files to be errorsRobert P. J. Day2007-10-171-1/+3
| | | | | | | | | | Replace worthless comments with actual preprocessor errors when including the wrong versions of the compiler.h files. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: make it work] Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* compiler: introduce __used and __maybe_unusedDavid Rientjes2007-05-091-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | __used is defined to be __attribute__((unused)) for all pre-3.3 gcc compilers to suppress warnings for unused functions because perhaps they are referenced only in inline assembly. It is defined to be __attribute__((used)) for gcc 3.3 and later so that the code is still emitted for such functions. __maybe_unused is defined to be __attribute__((unused)) for both function and variable use if it could possibly be unreferenced due to the evaluation of preprocessor macros. Function prototypes shall be marked with __maybe_unused if the actual definition of the function is dependant on preprocessor macros. No update to compiler-intel.h is necessary because ICC supports both __attribute__((used)) and __attribute__((unused)) as specified by the gcc manual. __attribute_used__ is deprecated and will be removed once all current code is converted to using __used. Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* ARRAY_SIZE: check for typeRusty Russell2007-05-071-0/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | We can use a gcc extension to ensure that ARRAY_SIZE() is handed an array, not a pointer. This is especially important when code is changed from a fixed array to a pointer. I assume the Intel compiler doesn't support __builtin_types_compatible_p. [jdike@addtoit.com: uml: update UML definition of ARRAY_SIZE] Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* [PATCH] extend the set of "__attribute__" shortcut macrosRobert P. J. Day2007-02-111-0/+7
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Extend the set of "__attribute__" shortcut macros, and remove identical (and now superfluous) definitions from a couple of source files. based on a page at robert love's blog: http://rlove.org/log/2005102601 extend the set of shortcut macros defined in compiler-gcc.h with the following: #define __packed __attribute__((packed)) #define __weak __attribute__((weak)) #define __naked __attribute__((naked)) #define __noreturn __attribute__((noreturn)) #define __pure __attribute__((pure)) #define __aligned(x) __attribute__((aligned(x))) #define __printf(a,b) __attribute__((format(printf,a,b))) Once these are in place, it's up to subsystem maintainers to decide if they want to take advantage of them. there is already a strong precedent for using shortcuts like this in the source tree. The ones that might give people pause are "__aligned" and "__printf", but shortcuts for both of those are already in use, and in some ways very confusingly. note the two very different definitions for a macro named "ALIGNED": drivers/net/sgiseeq.c:#define ALIGNED(x) ((((unsigned long)(x)) + 0xf) & ~(0xf)) drivers/scsi/ultrastor.c:#define ALIGNED(x) __attribute__((aligned(x))) also: include/acpi/platform/acgcc.h: #define ACPI_PRINTF_LIKE(c) __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, c, c+1))) Given the precedent, then, it seems logical to at least standardize on a consistent set of these macros. Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com> Acked-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* [PATCH] Work around ppc64 compiler bugAnton Blanchard2006-01-101-1/+7
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | In the process of optimising our per cpu data code, I found a ppc64 compiler bug that has been around forever. Basically the current RELOC_HIDE can end up trashing r30. Details of the bug can be found at http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=25572 This bug is present in all compilers before 4.1. It is masked by the fact that our current per cpu data code is inefficient and causes other loads that end up marking r30 as used. A workaround identified by Alan Modra is to use the =r asm constraint instead of =g. Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org> [ Verified that this makes no real difference on x86[-64] */ Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] remove gcc-2 checksAndrew Morton2006-01-081-0/+9
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Remove various things which were checking for gcc-1.x and gcc-2.x compilers. From: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Some documentation updates and removes some code paths for gcc < 3.2. Acked-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* Linux-2.6.12-rc2v2.6.12-rc2Linus Torvalds2005-04-161-0/+17
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history, even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about 3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good infrastructure for it. Let it rip!
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