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* Merge branch 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2013-03-213-1/+9
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull perf fixes from Ingo Molnar: "A fair chunk of the linecount comes from a fix for a tracing bug that corrupts latency tracing buffers when the overwrite mode is changed on the fly - the rest is mostly assorted fewliner fixlets." * 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: perf/x86: Add SNB/SNB-EP scheduling constraints for cycle_activity event kprobes/x86: Check Interrupt Flag modifier when registering probe kprobes: Make hash_64() as always inlined perf: Generate EXIT event only once per task context perf: Reset hwc->last_period on sw clock events tracing: Prevent buffer overwrite disabled for latency tracers tracing: Keep overwrite in sync between regular and snapshot buffers tracing: Protect tracer flags with trace_types_lock perf tools: Fix LIBNUMA build with glibc 2.12 and older. tracing: Fix free of probe entry by calling call_rcu_sched() perf/POWER7: Create a sysfs format entry for Power7 events perf probe: Fix segfault libtraceevent: Remove hard coded include to /usr/local/include in Makefile perf record: Fix -C option perf tools: check if -DFORTIFY_SOURCE=2 is allowed perf report: Fix build with NO_NEWT=1 perf annotate: Fix build with NO_NEWT=1 tracing: Fix race in snapshot swapping
| * perf/x86: Add SNB/SNB-EP scheduling constraints for cycle_activity eventStephane Eranian2013-03-181-0/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add scheduling constraints for SNB/SNB-EP CYCLE_ACTIVITY event as defined by SDM Jan 2013 edition. The STALLS umasks are combinations with the NO_DISPATCH umask. Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@gmail.com> Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: ak@linux.intel.com Cc: jolsa@redhat.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130317134957.GA8550@quad Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
| * kprobes/x86: Check Interrupt Flag modifier when registering probeMasami Hiramatsu2013-03-182-1/+5
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Currently kprobes check whether the copied instruction modifies IF (interrupt flag) on each probe hit. This results not only in introducing overhead but also involving inat_get_opcode_attribute into the kprobes hot path, and it can cause an infinite recursive call (and kernel panic in the end). Actually, since the copied instruction itself can never be modified on the buffer, it is needless to analyze the instruction on every probe hit. To fix this issue, we check it only once when registering probe and store the result on ainsn->if_modifier. Reported-by: Timo Juhani Lindfors <timo.lindfors@iki.fi> Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Acked-by: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: yrl.pp-manager.tt@hitachi.com Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130314115242.19690.33573.stgit@mhiramat-M0-7522 Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
* | Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvmLinus Torvalds2013-03-192-35/+33
|\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pull kvm fixes from Marcelo Tosatti. * git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: KVM: Fix bounds checking in ioapic indirect register reads (CVE-2013-1798) KVM: x86: Convert MSR_KVM_SYSTEM_TIME to use gfn_to_hva_cache functions (CVE-2013-1797) KVM: x86: fix for buffer overflow in handling of MSR_KVM_SYSTEM_TIME (CVE-2013-1796) KVM: x86: fix deadlock in clock-in-progress request handling KVM: allow host header to be included even for !CONFIG_KVM
| * | KVM: x86: Convert MSR_KVM_SYSTEM_TIME to use gfn_to_hva_cache functions ↵Andy Honig2013-03-192-29/+22
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (CVE-2013-1797) There is a potential use after free issue with the handling of MSR_KVM_SYSTEM_TIME. If the guest specifies a GPA in a movable or removable memory such as frame buffers then KVM might continue to write to that address even after it's removed via KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION. KVM pins the page in memory so it's unlikely to cause an issue, but if the user space component re-purposes the memory previously used for the guest, then the guest will be able to corrupt that memory. Tested: Tested against kvmclock unit test Signed-off-by: Andrew Honig <ahonig@google.com> Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
| * | KVM: x86: fix for buffer overflow in handling of MSR_KVM_SYSTEM_TIME ↵Andy Honig2013-03-191-0/+5
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (CVE-2013-1796) If the guest sets the GPA of the time_page so that the request to update the time straddles a page then KVM will write onto an incorrect page. The write is done byusing kmap atomic to get a pointer to the page for the time structure and then performing a memcpy to that page starting at an offset that the guest controls. Well behaved guests always provide a 32-byte aligned address, however a malicious guest could use this to corrupt host kernel memory. Tested: Tested against kvmclock unit test. Signed-off-by: Andrew Honig <ahonig@google.com> Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
| * | KVM: x86: fix deadlock in clock-in-progress request handlingMarcelo Tosatti2013-03-181-9/+9
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | There is a deadlock in pvclock handling: cpu0: cpu1: kvm_gen_update_masterclock() kvm_guest_time_update() spin_lock(pvclock_gtod_sync_lock) local_irq_save(flags) spin_lock(pvclock_gtod_sync_lock) kvm_make_mclock_inprogress_request(kvm) make_all_cpus_request() smp_call_function_many() Now if smp_call_function_many() called by cpu0 tries to call function on cpu1 there will be a deadlock. Fix by moving pvclock_gtod_sync_lock protected section outside irq disabled section. Analyzed by Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com> Acked-by: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com> Reported-and-Tested-by: Yongjie Ren <yongjie.ren@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
* | | perf,x86: fix wrmsr_on_cpu() warning on suspend/resumeLinus Torvalds2013-03-171-1/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commit 1d9d8639c063 ("perf,x86: fix kernel crash with PEBS/BTS after suspend/resume") fixed a crash when doing PEBS performance profiling after resuming, but in using init_debug_store_on_cpu() to restore the DS_AREA mtrr it also resulted in a new WARN_ON() triggering. init_debug_store_on_cpu() uses "wrmsr_on_cpu()", which in turn uses CPU cross-calls to do the MSR update. Which is not really valid at the early resume stage, and the warning is quite reasonable. Now, it all happens to _work_, for the simple reason that smp_call_function_single() ends up just doing the call directly on the CPU when the CPU number matches, but we really should just do the wrmsr() directly instead. This duplicates the wrmsr() logic, but hopefully we can just remove the wrmsr_on_cpu() version eventually. Reported-and-tested-by: Parag Warudkar <parag.lkml@gmail.com> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | | perf,x86: fix kernel crash with PEBS/BTS after suspend/resumeStephane Eranian2013-03-152-0/+10
| |/ |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch fixes a kernel crash when using precise sampling (PEBS) after a suspend/resume. Turns out the CPU notifier code is not invoked on CPU0 (BP). Therefore, the DS_AREA (used by PEBS) is not restored properly by the kernel and keeps it power-on/resume value of 0 causing any PEBS measurement to crash when running on CPU0. The workaround is to add a hook in the actual resume code to restore the DS Area MSR value. It is invoked for all CPUS. So for all but CPU0, the DS_AREA will be restored twice but this is harmless. Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | Select VIRT_TO_BUS directly where neededStephen Rothwell2013-03-121-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | In commit 887cbce0adea ("arch Kconfig: centralise ARCH_NO_VIRT_TO_BUS") I introduced the config sybmol HAVE_VIRT_TO_BUS and selected that where needed. I am not sure what I was thinking. Instead, just directly select VIRT_TO_BUS where it is needed. Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | x86: Do not try to sync identity map for non-mapped pagesDave Hansen2013-03-071-0/+7
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kernel_map_sync_memtype() is called from a variety of contexts. The pat.c code that calls it seems to ensure that it is not called for non-ram areas by checking via pat_pagerange_is_ram(). It is important that it only be called on the actual identity map because there *IS* no map to sync for highmem pages, or for memory holes. The ioremap.c uses are not as careful as those from pat.c, and call kernel_map_sync_memtype() on PCI space which is in the middle of the kernel identity map _range_, but is not actually mapped. This patch adds a check to kernel_map_sync_memtype() which probably duplicates some of the checks already in pat.c. But, it is necessary for the ioremap.c uses and shouldn't hurt other callers. I have reproduced this bug and this patch fixes it for me and the original bug reporter: https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/2/5/396 Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130307163151.D9B58C4E@kernel.stglabs.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net> Tested-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
* | x86, doc: Be explicit about what the x86 struct boot_params requiresPeter Jones2013-03-061-1/+15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | If the sentinel triggers, we do not want the boot loader authors to just poke it and make the error go away, we want them to actually fix the problem. This should help avoid making the incorrect change in non-compliant bootloaders. [ hpa: dropped the Documentation/x86/boot.txt hunk pending clarifications ] Signed-off-by: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1362592823-28967-1-git-send-email-pjones@redhat.com Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
* | x86: Don't clear efi_info even if the sentinel hitsJosh Boyer2013-03-061-1/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | When boot_params->sentinel is set, all we really know is that some undefined set of fields in struct boot_params contain garbage. In the particular case of efi_info, however, there is a private magic for that substructure, so it is generally safe to leave it even if the bootloader is broken. kexec (for which we did the initial analysis) did not initialize this field, but of course all the EFI bootloaders do, and most EFI bootloaders are broken in this respect (and should be fixed.) Reported-by: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CA%2B5PVA51-FT14p4CRYKbicykugVb=PiaEycdQ57CK2km_OQuRQ@mail.gmail.com Tested-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
* | x86, mm: Make sure to find a 2M free block for the first mapped areaYinghai Lu2013-03-061-3/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Henrik reported that his MacAir 3.1 would not boot with | commit 8d57470d8f859635deffe3919d7d4867b488b85a | Date: Fri Nov 16 19:38:58 2012 -0800 | | x86, mm: setup page table in top-down It turns out that we do not calculate the real_end properly: We try to get 2M size with 4K alignment, and later will round down to 2M, so we will get less then 2M for first mapping, in extreme case could be only 4K only. In Henrik's system it has (1M-32K) as last usable rage is [mem 0x7f9db000-0x7fef8fff]. The problem is exposed when EFI booting have several holes and it will force mapping to use PTE instead as we only map usable areas. To fix it, just make it be 2M aligned, so we can be guaranteed to be able to use large pages to map it. Reported-by: Henrik Rydberg <rydberg@euromail.se> Bisected-by: Henrik Rydberg <rydberg@euromail.se> Tested-by: Henrik Rydberg <rydberg@euromail.se> Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAE9FiQX4nQ7_1kg5RL_vh56rmcSHXUi1ExrZX7CwED4NGMnHfg@mail.gmail.com Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
* | x86: Fix 32-bit *_cpu_data initializersKrzysztof Mazur2013-03-061-2/+8
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The commit 27be457000211a6903968dfce06d5f73f051a217 ('x86 idle: remove 32-bit-only "no-hlt" parameter, hlt_works_ok flag') removed the hlt_works_ok flag from struct cpuinfo_x86, but boot_cpu_data and new_cpu_data initializers were not changed causing setting f00f_bug flag, instead of fdiv_bug. If CONFIG_X86_F00F_BUG is not set the f00f_bug flag is never cleared. To avoid such problems in future C99-style initialization is now used. Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Mazur <krzysiek@podlesie.net> Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Cc: len.brown@intel.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1362266082-2227-1-git-send-email-krzysiek@podlesie.net Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
* | x86, smpboot: Remove unused variableBorislav Petkov2013-03-051-2/+1
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | The cpuinfo_x86 ptr is unused now. Drop it. Got obsolete by 69fb3676df33 ("x86 idle: remove mwait_idle() and "idle=mwait" cmdline param") removing its only user. [ hpa: fixes gcc warning ] Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1362428180-8865-2-git-send-email-bp@alien8.de Cc: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
* Merge tag 'stable/for-linus-3.9-rc1-tag' of ↵Linus Torvalds2013-03-032-1/+18
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/konrad/xen Pull Xen bug-fixes from Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk: - Update the Xen ACPI memory and CPU hotplug locking mechanism. - Fix PAT issues wherein various applications would not start - Fix handling of multiple MSI as AHCI now does it. - Fix ARM compile failures. * tag 'stable/for-linus-3.9-rc1-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/konrad/xen: xenbus: fix compile failure on ARM with Xen enabled xen/pci: We don't do multiple MSI's. xen/pat: Disable PAT using pat_enabled value. xen/acpi: xen cpu hotplug minor updates xen/acpi: xen memory hotplug minor updates
| * xen/pci: We don't do multiple MSI's.Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk2013-03-011-0/+9
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | There is no hypercall to setup multiple MSI per PCI device. As such with these two new commits: - 08261d87f7d1b6253ab3223756625a5c74532293 PCI/MSI: Enable multiple MSIs with pci_enable_msi_block_auto() - 5ca72c4f7c412c2002363218901eba5516c476b1 AHCI: Support multiple MSIs we would call the PHYSDEVOP_map_pirq 'nvec' times with the same contents of the PCI device. Sander discovered that we would get the same PIRQ value 'nvec' times and return said values to the caller. That of course meant that the device was configured only with one MSI and AHCI would fail with: ahci 0000:00:11.0: version 3.0 xen: registering gsi 19 triggering 0 polarity 1 xen: --> pirq=19 -> irq=19 (gsi=19) (XEN) [2013-02-27 19:43:07] IOAPIC[0]: Set PCI routing entry (6-19 -> 0x99 -> IRQ 19 Mode:1 Active:1) ahci 0000:00:11.0: AHCI 0001.0200 32 slots 4 ports 6 Gbps 0xf impl SATA mode ahci 0000:00:11.0: flags: 64bit ncq sntf ilck pm led clo pmp pio slum part ahci: probe of 0000:00:11.0 failed with error -22 That is b/c in ahci_host_activate the second call to devm_request_threaded_irq would return -EINVAL as we passed in (on the second run) an IRQ that was never initialized. CC: stable@vger.kernel.org Reported-and-Tested-by: Sander Eikelenboom <linux@eikelenboom.it> Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
| * xen/pat: Disable PAT using pat_enabled value.Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk2013-02-281-1/+9
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The git commit 8eaffa67b43e99ae581622c5133e20b0f48bcef1 (xen/pat: Disable PAT support for now) explains in details why we want to disable PAT for right now. However that change was not enough and we should have also disabled the pat_enabled value. Otherwise we end up with: mmap-example:3481 map pfn expected mapping type write-back for [mem 0x00010000-0x00010fff], got uncached-minus ------------[ cut here ]------------ WARNING: at /build/buildd/linux-3.8.0/arch/x86/mm/pat.c:774 untrack_pfn+0xb8/0xd0() mem 0x00010000-0x00010fff], got uncached-minus ------------[ cut here ]------------ WARNING: at /build/buildd/linux-3.8.0/arch/x86/mm/pat.c:774 untrack_pfn+0xb8/0xd0() ... Pid: 3481, comm: mmap-example Tainted: GF 3.8.0-6-generic #13-Ubuntu Call Trace: [<ffffffff8105879f>] warn_slowpath_common+0x7f/0xc0 [<ffffffff810587fa>] warn_slowpath_null+0x1a/0x20 [<ffffffff8104bcc8>] untrack_pfn+0xb8/0xd0 [<ffffffff81156c1c>] unmap_single_vma+0xac/0x100 [<ffffffff81157459>] unmap_vmas+0x49/0x90 [<ffffffff8115f808>] exit_mmap+0x98/0x170 [<ffffffff810559a4>] mmput+0x64/0x100 [<ffffffff810560f5>] dup_mm+0x445/0x660 [<ffffffff81056d9f>] copy_process.part.22+0xa5f/0x1510 [<ffffffff81057931>] do_fork+0x91/0x350 [<ffffffff81057c76>] sys_clone+0x16/0x20 [<ffffffff816ccbf9>] stub_clone+0x69/0x90 [<ffffffff816cc89d>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x1a/0x1f ---[ end trace 4918cdd0a4c9fea4 ]--- (a similar message shows up if you end up launching 'mcelog') The call chain is (as analyzed by Liu, Jinsong): do_fork --> copy_process --> dup_mm --> dup_mmap --> copy_page_range --> track_pfn_copy --> reserve_pfn_range --> line 624: flags != want_flags It comes from different memory types of page table (_PAGE_CACHE_WB) and MTRR (_PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS). Stefan Bader dug in this deep and found out that: "That makes it clearer as this will do reserve_memtype(...) --> pat_x_mtrr_type --> mtrr_type_lookup --> __mtrr_type_lookup And that can return -1/0xff in case of MTRR not being enabled/initialized. Which is not the case (given there are no messages for it in dmesg). This is not equal to MTRR_TYPE_WRBACK and thus becomes _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS. It looks like the problem starts early in reserve_memtype: if (!pat_enabled) { /* This is identical to page table setting without PAT */ if (new_type) { if (req_type == _PAGE_CACHE_WC) *new_type = _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS; else *new_type = req_type & _PAGE_CACHE_MASK; } return 0; } This would be what we want, that is clearing the PWT and PCD flags from the supported flags - if pat_enabled is disabled." This patch does that - disabling PAT. CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # 3.3 and further Reported-by: Sander Eikelenboom <linux@eikelenboom.it> Reported-and-Tested-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Reported-and-Tested-by: Stefan Bader <stefan.bader@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
* | Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2013-03-031-5/+4
|\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull more VFS bits from Al Viro: "Unfortunately, it looks like xattr series will have to wait until the next cycle ;-/ This pile contains 9p cleanups and fixes (races in v9fs_fid_add() etc), fixup for nommu breakage in shmem.c, several cleanups and a bit more file_inode() work" * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: constify path_get/path_put and fs_struct.c stuff fix nommu breakage in shmem.c cache the value of file_inode() in struct file 9p: if v9fs_fid_lookup() gets to asking server, it'd better have hashed dentry 9p: make sure ->lookup() adds fid to the right dentry 9p: untangle ->lookup() a bit 9p: double iput() in ->lookup() if d_materialise_unique() fails 9p: v9fs_fid_add() can't fail now v9fs: get rid of v9fs_dentry 9p: turn fid->dlist into hlist 9p: don't bother with private lock in ->d_fsdata; dentry->d_lock will do just fine more file_inode() open-coded instances selinux: opened file can't have NULL or negative ->f_path.dentry (In the meantime, the hlist traversal macros have changed, so this required a semantic conflict fixup for the newly hlistified fid->dlist)
| * | more file_inode() open-coded instancesAl Viro2013-02-271-5/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* | | x86, ACPI, mm: Revert movablemem_map supportYinghai Lu2013-03-023-137/+12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tim found: WARNING: at arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c:324 topology_sane.isra.2+0x6f/0x80() Hardware name: S2600CP sched: CPU #1's llc-sibling CPU #0 is not on the same node! [node: 1 != 0]. Ignoring dependency. smpboot: Booting Node 1, Processors #1 Modules linked in: Pid: 0, comm: swapper/1 Not tainted 3.9.0-0-generic #1 Call Trace: set_cpu_sibling_map+0x279/0x449 start_secondary+0x11d/0x1e5 Don Morris reproduced on a HP z620 workstation, and bisected it to commit e8d195525809 ("acpi, memory-hotplug: parse SRAT before memblock is ready") It turns out movable_map has some problems, and it breaks several things 1. numa_init is called several times, NOT just for srat. so those nodes_clear(numa_nodes_parsed) memset(&numa_meminfo, 0, sizeof(numa_meminfo)) can not be just removed. Need to consider sequence is: numaq, srat, amd, dummy. and make fall back path working. 2. simply split acpi_numa_init to early_parse_srat. a. that early_parse_srat is NOT called for ia64, so you break ia64. b. for (i = 0; i < MAX_LOCAL_APIC; i++) set_apicid_to_node(i, NUMA_NO_NODE) still left in numa_init. So it will just clear result from early_parse_srat. it should be moved before that.... c. it breaks ACPI_TABLE_OVERIDE...as the acpi table scan is moved early before override from INITRD is settled. 3. that patch TITLE is total misleading, there is NO x86 in the title, but it changes critical x86 code. It caused x86 guys did not pay attention to find the problem early. Those patches really should be routed via tip/x86/mm. 4. after that commit, following range can not use movable ram: a. real_mode code.... well..funny, legacy Node0 [0,1M) could be hot-removed? b. initrd... it will be freed after booting, so it could be on movable... c. crashkernel for kdump...: looks like we can not put kdump kernel above 4G anymore. d. init_mem_mapping: can not put page table high anymore. e. initmem_init: vmemmap can not be high local node anymore. That is not good. If node is hotplugable, the mem related range like page table and vmemmap could be on the that node without problem and should be on that node. We have workaround patch that could fix some problems, but some can not be fixed. So just remove that offending commit and related ones including: f7210e6c4ac7 ("mm/memblock.c: use CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP to protect movablecore_map in memblock_overlaps_region().") 01a178a94e8e ("acpi, memory-hotplug: support getting hotplug info from SRAT") 27168d38fa20 ("acpi, memory-hotplug: extend movablemem_map ranges to the end of node") e8d195525809 ("acpi, memory-hotplug: parse SRAT before memblock is ready") fb06bc8e5f42 ("page_alloc: bootmem limit with movablecore_map") 42f47e27e761 ("page_alloc: make movablemem_map have higher priority") 6981ec31146c ("page_alloc: introduce zone_movable_limit[] to keep movable limit for nodes") 34b71f1e04fc ("page_alloc: add movable_memmap kernel parameter") 4d59a75125d5 ("x86: get pg_data_t's memory from other node") Later we should have patches that will make sure kernel put page table and vmemmap on local node ram instead of push them down to node0. Also need to find way to put other kernel used ram to local node ram. Reported-by: Tim Gardner <tim.gardner@canonical.com> Reported-by: Don Morris <don.morris@hp.com> Bisected-by: Don Morris <don.morris@hp.com> Tested-by: Don Morris <don.morris@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | | Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2013-03-023-9/+3
|\ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/signal Pull signal/compat fixes from Al Viro: "Fixes for several regressions introduced in the last signal.git pile, along with fixing bugs in truncate and ftruncate compat (on just about anything biarch at least one of those two had been done wrong)." * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/signal: compat: restore timerfd settime and gettime compat syscalls [regression] braino in "sparc: convert to ksignal" fix compat truncate/ftruncate switch lseek to COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE lseek() and truncate() on sparc really need sign extension
| * | | fix compat truncate/ftruncateAl Viro2013-02-251-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
| * | | switch lseek to COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINEAl Viro2013-02-243-7/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* | | | Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvmLinus Torvalds2013-02-281-1/+1
|\ \ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pull one kvm bugfix from Gleb Natapov. * git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: x86/kvm: Fix pvclock vsyscall fixmap
| * | | | x86/kvm: Fix pvclock vsyscall fixmapPeter Hurley2013-02-281-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The physical memory fixmapped for the pvclock clock_gettime vsyscall was allocated, and thus is not a kernel symbol. __pa() is the proper method to use in this case. Fixes the crash below when booting a next-20130204+ smp guest on a 3.8-rc5+ KVM host. [ 0.666410] udevd[97]: starting version 175 [ 0.674043] udevd[97]: udevd:[97]: segfault at ffffffffff5fd020 ip 00007fff069e277f sp 00007fff068c9ef8 error d Acked-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com> Signed-off-by: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
* | | | | Merge branch 'release' of ↵Linus Torvalds2013-02-281-0/+1
|\ \ \ \ \ | |/ / / / |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rzhang/linux Pull thermal management updates from Zhang Rui: "Highlights: - introduction of Dove thermal sensor driver. - introduction of Kirkwood thermal sensor driver. - introduction of intel_powerclamp thermal cooling device driver. - add interrupt and DT support for rcar thermal driver. - add thermal emulation support which allows platform thermal driver to do software/hardware emulation for thermal issues." * 'release' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rzhang/linux: (36 commits) thermal: rcar: remove __devinitconst thermal: return an error on failure to register thermal class Thermal: rename thermal governor Kconfig option to avoid generic naming thermal: exynos: Use the new thermal trend type for quick cooling action. Thermal: exynos: Add support for temperature falling interrupt. Thermal: Dove: Add Themal sensor support for Dove. thermal: Add support for the thermal sensor on Kirkwood SoCs thermal: rcar: add Device Tree support thermal: rcar: remove machine_power_off() from rcar_thermal_notify() thermal: rcar: add interrupt support thermal: rcar: add read/write functions for common/priv data thermal: rcar: multi channel support thermal: rcar: use mutex lock instead of spin lock thermal: rcar: enable CPCTL to use hardware TSC deciding thermal: rcar: use parenthesis on macro Thermal: fix a build warning when CONFIG_THERMAL_EMULATION cleared Thermal: fix a wrong comment thermal: sysfs: Add a new sysfs node emul_temp for thermal emulation PM: intel_powerclamp: off by one in start_power_clamp() thermal: exynos: Miscellaneous fixes to support falling threshold interrupt ...
| * | | | x86/nmi: export local_touch_nmi() symbol for modulesJacob Pan2013-01-171-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
* | | | | Merge branch 'akpm' (final batch from Andrew)Linus Torvalds2013-02-273-20/+15
|\ \ \ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Merge third patch-bumb from Andrew Morton: "This wraps me up for -rc1. - Lots of misc stuff and things which were deferred/missed from patchbombings 1 & 2. - ocfs2 things - lib/scatterlist - hfsplus - fatfs - documentation - signals - procfs - lockdep - coredump - seqfile core - kexec - Tejun's large IDR tree reworkings - ipmi - partitions - nbd - random() things - kfifo - tools/testing/selftests updates - Sasha's large and pointless hlist cleanup" * emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (163 commits) hlist: drop the node parameter from iterators kcmp: make it depend on CHECKPOINT_RESTORE selftests: add a simple doc tools/testing/selftests/Makefile: rearrange targets selftests/efivarfs: add create-read test selftests/efivarfs: add empty file creation test selftests: add tests for efivarfs kfifo: fix kfifo_alloc() and kfifo_init() kfifo: move kfifo.c from kernel/ to lib/ arch Kconfig: centralise CONFIG_ARCH_NO_VIRT_TO_BUS w1: add support for DS2413 Dual Channel Addressable Switch memstick: move the dereference below the NULL test drivers/pps/clients/pps-gpio.c: use devm_kzalloc Documentation/DMA-API-HOWTO.txt: fix typo include/linux/eventfd.h: fix incorrect filename is a comment mtd: mtd_stresstest: use prandom_bytes() mtd: mtd_subpagetest: convert to use prandom library mtd: mtd_speedtest: use prandom_bytes mtd: mtd_pagetest: convert to use prandom library mtd: mtd_oobtest: convert to use prandom library ...
| * | | | | hlist: drop the node parameter from iteratorsSasha Levin2013-02-272-20/+14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | I'm not sure why, but the hlist for each entry iterators were conceived list_for_each_entry(pos, head, member) The hlist ones were greedy and wanted an extra parameter: hlist_for_each_entry(tpos, pos, head, member) Why did they need an extra pos parameter? I'm not quite sure. Not only they don't really need it, it also prevents the iterator from looking exactly like the list iterator, which is unfortunate. Besides the semantic patch, there was some manual work required: - Fix up the actual hlist iterators in linux/list.h - Fix up the declaration of other iterators based on the hlist ones. - A very small amount of places were using the 'node' parameter, this was modified to use 'obj->member' instead. - Coccinelle didn't handle the hlist_for_each_entry_safe iterator properly, so those had to be fixed up manually. The semantic patch which is mostly the work of Peter Senna Tschudin is here: @@ iterator name hlist_for_each_entry, hlist_for_each_entry_continue, hlist_for_each_entry_from, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh, for_each_busy_worker, ax25_uid_for_each, ax25_for_each, inet_bind_bucket_for_each, sctp_for_each_hentry, sk_for_each, sk_for_each_rcu, sk_for_each_from, sk_for_each_safe, sk_for_each_bound, hlist_for_each_entry_safe, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu, nr_neigh_for_each, nr_neigh_for_each_safe, nr_node_for_each, nr_node_for_each_safe, for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp, for_each_gfn_sp, for_each_host; type T; expression a,c,d,e; identifier b; statement S; @@ -T b; <+... when != b ( hlist_for_each_entry(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_from(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh(a, - b, c) S | for_each_busy_worker(a, c, - b, d) S | ax25_uid_for_each(a, - b, c) S | ax25_for_each(a, - b, c) S | inet_bind_bucket_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sctp_for_each_hentry(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_rcu(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_from -(a, b) +(a) S + sk_for_each_from(a) S | sk_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | sk_for_each_bound(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_safe(a, - b, c, d, e) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | nr_node_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_node_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d) S | for_each_host(a, - b, c) S | for_each_host_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | for_each_mesh_entry(a, - b, c, d) S ) ...+> [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus change from net/ipv4/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus hunk from net/ipv6/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings] [akpm@linux-foudnation.org: redo intrusive kvm changes] Tested-by: Peter Senna Tschudin <peter.senna@gmail.com> Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
| * | | | | arch Kconfig: centralise CONFIG_ARCH_NO_VIRT_TO_BUSStephen Rothwell2013-02-271-0/+1
| | |_|/ / | |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Change it to CONFIG_HAVE_VIRT_TO_BUS and set it in all architecures that already provide virt_to_bus(). Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Reviewed-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com> Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com> Cc: H Hartley Sweeten <hartleys@visionengravers.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: Vineet Gupta <Vineet.Gupta1@synopsys.com> Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com> Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | | | | Merge branch 'x86-efi-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2013-02-274-15/+28
|\ \ \ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86/EFI changes from Peter Anvin: - Improve the initrd handling in the EFI boot stub by allowing forward slashes in the pathname - from Chun-Yi Lee. - Cleanup code duplication in the EFI mixed kernel/firmware code - from Satoru Takeuchi. - efivarfs bug fixes for more strict filename validation, with lots of input from Al Viro. * 'x86-efi-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86, efi: remove duplicate code in setup_arch() by using, efi_is_native() efivarfs: guid part of filenames are case-insensitive efivarfs: Validate filenames much more aggressively efivarfs: Use sizeof() instead of magic number x86, efi: Allow slash in file path of initrd
| * | | | | x86, efi: remove duplicate code in setup_arch() by using, efi_is_native()Satoru Takeuchi2013-02-143-8/+9
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The check, "IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64) != efi_enabled(EFI_64BIT)", in setup_arch() can be replaced by efi_is_enabled(). This change remove duplicate code and improve readability. Signed-off-by: Satoru Takeuchi <takeuchi_satoru@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net> Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
| * | | | | x86, efi: Allow slash in file path of initrdLee, Chun-Yi2013-01-311-7/+19
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | When initrd file didn't put at the same place with stub kernel, we need give the file path of initrd, but need use backslash to separate directory and file. It's not friendly to unix/linux user, and not so intuitive for bootloader forward paramters to efi stub kernel by chainloading. This patch add support to handle_ramdisks for allow slash in file path of initrd, it convert slash to backlash when parsing path. In additional, this patch also separates print code of efi_char16_t from efi_printk, and print out the path/filename of initrd when failed to open initrd file. It's good for debug and discover typo. Cc: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@srcf.ucam.org> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Signed-off-by: Lee, Chun-Yi <jlee@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
* | | | | | Merge branch 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2013-02-273-22/+37
|\ \ \ \ \ \ | |_|/ / / / |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull more x86 fixes from Peter Anvin: "Additional x86 fixes. Three of these patches are pure documentation, two are pretty trivial; the remaining one fixes boot problems on some non-BIOS machines." * 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86: Make sure we can boot in the case the BDA contains pure garbage x86, efi: Mark disable_runtime as __initdata x86, doc: Fix incorrect comment about 64-bit code segment descriptors doc, kernel-parameters: Document 'console=hvc<n>' doc, xen: Mention 'earlyprintk=xen' in the documentation. ACPI: Overriding ACPI tables via initrd only works with an initrd and on X86
| * | | | | x86: Make sure we can boot in the case the BDA contains pure garbageH. Peter Anvin2013-02-271-19/+34
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | On non-BIOS platforms it is possible that the BIOS data area contains garbage instead of being zeroed or something equivalent (firmware people: we are talking of 1.5K here, so please do the sane thing.) We need on the order of 20-30K of low memory in order to boot, which may grow up to < 64K in the future. We probably want to avoid the lowest of the low memory. At the same time, it seems extremely unlikely that a legitimate EBDA would ever reach down to the 128K (which would require it to be over half a megabyte in size.) Thus, pick 128K as the cutoff for "this is insane, ignore." We may still end up reserving a bunch of extra memory on the low megabyte, but that is not really a major issue these days. In the worst case we lose 512K of RAM. This code really should be merged with trim_bios_range() in arch/x86/kernel/setup.c, but that is a bigger patch for a later merge window. Reported-by: Darren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com> Cc: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-oebml055yyfm8yxmria09rja@git.kernel.org
| * | | | | x86, efi: Mark disable_runtime as __initdataMatt Fleming2013-02-251-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | disable_runtime is only referenced from __init functions, so mark it as __initdata. Reported-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Satoru Takeuchi <takeuchi_satoru@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1361545427-26393-1-git-send-email-matt@console-pimps.org Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
| * | | | | x86, doc: Fix incorrect comment about 64-bit code segment descriptorsKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk2013-02-251-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual Volume 2, on page 89 mentions: "If the processor is running in 64-bit mode (L=1), the only valid setting of the D bit is 0." This matches with what the code does. Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1361825650-14031-4-git-send-email-konrad.wilk@oracle.com Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
* | | | | | Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2013-02-262-6/+4
|\ \ \ \ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull vfs pile (part one) from Al Viro: "Assorted stuff - cleaning namei.c up a bit, fixing ->d_name/->d_parent locking violations, etc. The most visible changes here are death of FS_REVAL_DOT (replaced with "has ->d_weak_revalidate()") and a new helper getting from struct file to inode. Some bits of preparation to xattr method interface changes. Misc patches by various people sent this cycle *and* ocfs2 fixes from several cycles ago that should've been upstream right then. PS: the next vfs pile will be xattr stuff." * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (46 commits) saner proc_get_inode() calling conventions proc: avoid extra pde_put() in proc_fill_super() fs: change return values from -EACCES to -EPERM fs/exec.c: make bprm_mm_init() static ocfs2/dlm: use GFP_ATOMIC inside a spin_lock ocfs2: fix possible use-after-free with AIO ocfs2: Fix oops in ocfs2_fast_symlink_readpage() code path get_empty_filp()/alloc_file() leave both ->f_pos and ->f_version zero target: writev() on single-element vector is pointless export kernel_write(), convert open-coded instances fs: encode_fh: return FILEID_INVALID if invalid fid_type kill f_vfsmnt vfs: kill FS_REVAL_DOT by adding a d_weak_revalidate dentry op nfsd: handle vfs_getattr errors in acl protocol switch vfs_getattr() to struct path default SET_PERSONALITY() in linux/elf.h ceph: prepopulate inodes only when request is aborted d_hash_and_lookup(): export, switch open-coded instances 9p: switch v9fs_set_create_acl() to inode+fid, do it before d_instantiate() 9p: split dropping the acls from v9fs_set_create_acl() ...
| * | | | | | new helper: file_inode(file)Al Viro2013-02-222-6/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* | | | | | | Merge branch 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2013-02-265-15/+53
|\ \ \ \ \ \ \ | | |/ / / / / | |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 fixes from Ingo Molnar. * 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86/mm/pageattr: Prevent PSE and GLOABL leftovers to confuse pmd/pte_present and pmd_huge Revert "x86, mm: Make spurious_fault check explicitly check explicitly check the PRESENT bit" x86/mm/numa: Don't check if node is NUMA_NO_NODE x86, efi: Make "noefi" really disable EFI runtime serivces x86/apic: Fix parsing of the 'lapic' cmdline option
| * | | | | | x86/mm/pageattr: Prevent PSE and GLOABL leftovers to confuse pmd/pte_present ↵Andrea Arcangeli2013-02-241-3/+47
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | and pmd_huge Without this patch any kernel code that reads kernel memory in non present kernel pte/pmds (as set by pageattr.c) will crash. With this kernel code: static struct page *crash_page; static unsigned long *crash_address; [..] crash_page = alloc_pages(GFP_KERNEL, 9); crash_address = page_address(crash_page); if (set_memory_np((unsigned long)crash_address, 1)) printk("set_memory_np failure\n"); [..] The kernel will crash if inside the "crash tool" one would try to read the memory at the not present address. crash> p crash_address crash_address = $8 = (long unsigned int *) 0xffff88023c000000 crash> rd 0xffff88023c000000 [ *lockup* ] The lockup happens because _PAGE_GLOBAL and _PAGE_PROTNONE shares the same bit, and pageattr leaves _PAGE_GLOBAL set on a kernel pte which is then mistaken as _PAGE_PROTNONE (so pte_present returns true by mistake and the kernel fault then gets confused and loops). With THP the same can happen after we taught pmd_present to check _PAGE_PROTNONE and _PAGE_PSE in commit 027ef6c87853b0a9df5317 ("mm: thp: fix pmd_present for split_huge_page and PROT_NONE with THP"). THP has the same problem with _PAGE_GLOBAL as the 4k pages, but it also has a problem with _PAGE_PSE, which must be cleared too. After the patch is applied copy_user correctly returns -EFAULT and doesn't lockup anymore. crash> p crash_address crash_address = $9 = (long unsigned int *) 0xffff88023c000000 crash> rd 0xffff88023c000000 rd: read error: kernel virtual address: ffff88023c000000 type: "64-bit KVADDR" Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
| * | | | | | Revert "x86, mm: Make spurious_fault check explicitly check explicitly check ↵Andrea Arcangeli2013-02-241-7/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | the PRESENT bit" I got a report for a minor regression introduced by commit 027ef6c87853b ("mm: thp: fix pmd_present for split_huge_page and PROT_NONE with THP"). So the problem is, pageattr creates kernel pagetables (pte and pmds) that breaks pte_present/pmd_present and the patch above exposed this invariant breakage for pmd_present. The same problem already existed for the pte and pte_present and it was fixed by commit 660a293ea9be709 ("x86, mm: Make spurious_fault check explicitly check the PRESENT bit") (if it wasn't for that commit, it wouldn't even be a regression). That fix avoids the pagefault to use pte_present. I could follow through by stopping using pmd_present/pmd_huge too. However I think it's more robust to fix pageattr and to clear the PSE/GLOBAL bitflags too in addition to the present bitflag. So the kernel page fault can keep using the regular pte_present/pmd_present/pmd_huge. The confusion arises because _PAGE_GLOBAL and _PAGE_PROTNONE are sharing the same bit, and in the pmd case we pretend _PAGE_PSE to be set only in present pmds (to facilitate split_huge_page final tlb flush). Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
| * | | | | | x86/mm/numa: Don't check if node is NUMA_NO_NODEWen Congyang2013-02-241-2/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | If we aren't debugging per_cpu maps, the cpu's node is stored in per_cpu variable numa_node. If `node' is NUMA_NO_NODE, it means the caller wants to clear the cpu's node. So we should also call set_cpu_numa_node() in this case. Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com> Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
| * | | | | | x86, efi: Make "noefi" really disable EFI runtime serivcesMatt Fleming2013-02-201-2/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | commit 1de63d60cd5b ("efi: Clear EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES rather than EFI_BOOT by "noefi" boot parameter") attempted to make "noefi" true to its documentation and disable EFI runtime services to prevent the bricking bug described in commit e0094244e41c ("samsung-laptop: Disable on EFI hardware"). However, it's not possible to clear EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES from an early param function because EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES is set in efi_init() *after* parse_early_param(). This resulted in "noefi" effectively becoming a no-op and no longer providing users with a way to disable EFI, which is bad for those users that have buggy machines. Reported-by: Walt Nelson Jr <walt0924@gmail.com> Cc: Satoru Takeuchi <takeuchi_satoru@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1361392572-25657-1-git-send-email-matt@console-pimps.org Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
| * | | | | | x86/apic: Fix parsing of the 'lapic' cmdline optionMathias Krause2013-02-201-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Including " lapic " in the kernel cmdline on an x86-64 kernel makes it panic while parsing early params -- e.g. with no user visible output. Fix this bug by ensuring arg is non-NULL before passing it to strncmp(). Reported-by: PaX Team <pageexec@freemail.hu> Signed-off-by: Mathias Krause <minipli@googlemail.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1361303227-13174-1-git-send-email-minipli@googlemail.com Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v3.8 Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
* | | | | | | Merge branch 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2013-02-263-2/+46
|\ \ \ \ \ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull perf fixes from Ingo Molnar. * 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: perf/x86: Add Intel IvyBridge event scheduling constraints ftrace: Call ftrace cleanup module notifier after all other notifiers tracing/syscalls: Allow archs to ignore tracing compat syscalls
| * \ \ \ \ \ \ Merge branch 'tip/perf/core' of ↵Ingo Molnar2013-02-202-1/+24
| |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace into perf/urgent Pull two fixes from Steven Rostedt. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
| | * | | | | | | tracing/syscalls: Allow archs to ignore tracing compat syscallsSteven Rostedt2013-02-122-1/+24
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The tracing of ia32 compat system calls has been a bit of a pain as they use different system call numbers than the 64bit equivalents. I wrote a simple 'lls' program that lists files. I compiled it as a i686 ELF binary and ran it under a x86_64 box. This is the result: echo 0 > /debug/tracing/tracing_on echo 1 > /debug/tracing/events/syscalls/enable echo 1 > /debug/tracing/tracing_on ; ./lls ; echo 0 > /debug/tracing/tracing_on grep lls /debug/tracing/trace [.. skipping calls before TS_COMPAT is set ...] lls-1127 [005] d... 936.409188: sys_recvfrom(fd: 0, ubuf: 4d560fc4, size: 0, flags: 8048034, addr: 8, addr_len: f7700420) lls-1127 [005] d... 936.409190: sys_recvfrom -> 0x8a77000 lls-1127 [005] d... 936.409211: sys_lgetxattr(pathname: 0, name: 1000, value: 3, size: 22) lls-1127 [005] d... 936.409215: sys_lgetxattr -> 0xf76ff000 lls-1127 [005] d... 936.409223: sys_dup2(oldfd: 4d55ae9b, newfd: 4) lls-1127 [005] d... 936.409228: sys_dup2 -> 0xfffffffffffffffe lls-1127 [005] d... 936.409236: sys_newfstat(fd: 4d55b085, statbuf: 80000) lls-1127 [005] d... 936.409242: sys_newfstat -> 0x3 lls-1127 [005] d... 936.409243: sys_removexattr(pathname: 3, name: ffcd0060) lls-1127 [005] d... 936.409244: sys_removexattr -> 0x0 lls-1127 [005] d... 936.409245: sys_lgetxattr(pathname: 0, name: 19614, value: 1, size: 2) lls-1127 [005] d... 936.409248: sys_lgetxattr -> 0xf76e5000 lls-1127 [005] d... 936.409248: sys_newlstat(filename: 3, statbuf: 19614) lls-1127 [005] d... 936.409249: sys_newlstat -> 0x0 lls-1127 [005] d... 936.409262: sys_newfstat(fd: f76fb588, statbuf: 80000) lls-1127 [005] d... 936.409279: sys_newfstat -> 0x3 lls-1127 [005] d... 936.409279: sys_close(fd: 3) lls-1127 [005] d... 936.421550: sys_close -> 0x200 lls-1127 [005] d... 936.421558: sys_removexattr(pathname: 3, name: ffcd00d0) lls-1127 [005] d... 936.421560: sys_removexattr -> 0x0 lls-1127 [005] d... 936.421569: sys_lgetxattr(pathname: 4d564000, name: 1b1abc, value: 5, size: 802) lls-1127 [005] d... 936.421574: sys_lgetxattr -> 0x4d564000 lls-1127 [005] d... 936.421575: sys_capget(header: 4d70f000, dataptr: 1000) lls-1127 [005] d... 936.421580: sys_capget -> 0x0 lls-1127 [005] d... 936.421580: sys_lgetxattr(pathname: 4d710000, name: 3000, value: 3, size: 812) lls-1127 [005] d... 936.421589: sys_lgetxattr -> 0x4d710000 lls-1127 [005] d... 936.426130: sys_lgetxattr(pathname: 4d713000, name: 2abc, value: 3, size: 32) lls-1127 [005] d... 936.426141: sys_lgetxattr -> 0x4d713000 lls-1127 [005] d... 936.426145: sys_newlstat(filename: 3, statbuf: f76ff3f0) lls-1127 [005] d... 936.426146: sys_newlstat -> 0x0 lls-1127 [005] d... 936.431748: sys_lgetxattr(pathname: 0, name: 1000, value: 3, size: 22) Obviously I'm not calling newfstat with a fd of 4d55b085. The calls are obviously incorrect, and confusing. Other efforts have been made to fix this: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/3/26/367 But the real solution is to rewrite the syscall internals and come up with a fixed solution. One that doesn't require all the kluge that the current solution has. Thus for now, instead of outputting incorrect data, simply ignore them. With this patch the changes now have: #> grep lls /debug/tracing/trace #> Compat system calls simply are not traced. If users need compat syscalls, then they should just use the raw syscall tracepoints. For an architecture to make their compat syscalls ignored, it must define ARCH_TRACE_IGNORE_COMPAT_SYSCALLS (done in asm/ftrace.h) and also define an arch_trace_is_compat_syscall() function that will return true if the current task should ignore tracing the syscall. I want to stress that this change does not affect actual syscalls in any way, shape or form. It is only used within the tracing system and doesn't interfere with the syscall logic at all. The changes are consolidated nicely into trace_syscalls.c and asm/ftrace.h. I had to make one small modification to asm/thread_info.h and that was to remove the include of asm/ftrace.h. As asm/ftrace.h required the current_thread_info() it was causing include hell. That include was added back in 2008 when the function graph tracer was added: commit caf4b323 "tracing, x86: add low level support for ftrace return tracing" It does not need to be included there. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1360703939.21867.99.camel@gandalf.local.home Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
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