diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'mm')
| -rw-r--r-- | mm/Kconfig | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | mm/Makefile | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | mm/zbud.c | 527 |
3 files changed, 538 insertions, 0 deletions
@@ -478,6 +478,16 @@ config FRONTSWAP If unsure, say Y to enable frontswap. +config ZBUD + tristate + default n + help + A special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages. + It is designed to store up to two compressed pages per physical + page. While this design limits storage density, it has simple and + deterministic reclaim properties that make it preferable to a higher + density approach when reclaim will be used. + config MEM_SOFT_DIRTY bool "Track memory changes" depends on CHECKPOINT_RESTORE && HAVE_ARCH_SOFT_DIRTY diff --git a/mm/Makefile b/mm/Makefile index 72c5acb..95f0197 100644 --- a/mm/Makefile +++ b/mm/Makefile @@ -58,3 +58,4 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK) += kmemleak.o obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_TEST) += kmemleak-test.o obj-$(CONFIG_CLEANCACHE) += cleancache.o obj-$(CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION) += page_isolation.o +obj-$(CONFIG_ZBUD) += zbud.o diff --git a/mm/zbud.c b/mm/zbud.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9bb4710 --- /dev/null +++ b/mm/zbud.c @@ -0,0 +1,527 @@ +/* + * zbud.c + * + * Copyright (C) 2013, Seth Jennings, IBM + * + * Concepts based on zcache internal zbud allocator by Dan Magenheimer. + * + * zbud is an special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages. Contrary + * to what its name may suggest, zbud is not a buddy allocator, but rather an + * allocator that "buddies" two compressed pages together in a single memory + * page. + * + * While this design limits storage density, it has simple and deterministic + * reclaim properties that make it preferable to a higher density approach when + * reclaim will be used. + * + * zbud works by storing compressed pages, or "zpages", together in pairs in a + * single memory page called a "zbud page". The first buddy is "left + * justifed" at the beginning of the zbud page, and the last buddy is "right + * justified" at the end of the zbud page. The benefit is that if either + * buddy is freed, the freed buddy space, coalesced with whatever slack space + * that existed between the buddies, results in the largest possible free region + * within the zbud page. + * + * zbud also provides an attractive lower bound on density. The ratio of zpages + * to zbud pages can not be less than 1. This ensures that zbud can never "do + * harm" by using more pages to store zpages than the uncompressed zpages would + * have used on their own. + * + * zbud pages are divided into "chunks". The size of the chunks is fixed at + * compile time and determined by NCHUNKS_ORDER below. Dividing zbud pages + * into chunks allows organizing unbuddied zbud pages into a manageable number + * of unbuddied lists according to the number of free chunks available in the + * zbud page. + * + * The zbud API differs from that of conventional allocators in that the + * allocation function, zbud_alloc(), returns an opaque handle to the user, + * not a dereferenceable pointer. The user must map the handle using + * zbud_map() in order to get a usable pointer by which to access the + * allocation data and unmap the handle with zbud_unmap() when operations + * on the allocation data are complete. + */ + +#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt + +#include <linux/atomic.h> +#include <linux/list.h> +#include <linux/mm.h> +#include <linux/module.h> +#include <linux/preempt.h> +#include <linux/slab.h> +#include <linux/spinlock.h> +#include <linux/zbud.h> + +/***************** + * Structures +*****************/ +/* + * NCHUNKS_ORDER determines the internal allocation granularity, effectively + * adjusting internal fragmentation. It also determines the number of + * freelists maintained in each pool. NCHUNKS_ORDER of 6 means that the + * allocation granularity will be in chunks of size PAGE_SIZE/64, and there + * will be 64 freelists per pool. + */ +#define NCHUNKS_ORDER 6 + +#define CHUNK_SHIFT (PAGE_SHIFT - NCHUNKS_ORDER) +#define CHUNK_SIZE (1 << CHUNK_SHIFT) +#define NCHUNKS (PAGE_SIZE >> CHUNK_SHIFT) +#define ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED CHUNK_SIZE + +/** + * struct zbud_pool - stores metadata for each zbud pool + * @lock: protects all pool fields and first|last_chunk fields of any + * zbud page in the pool + * @unbuddied: array of lists tracking zbud pages that only contain one buddy; + * the lists each zbud page is added to depends on the size of + * its free region. + * @buddied: list tracking the zbud pages that contain two buddies; + * these zbud pages are full + * @lru: list tracking the zbud pages in LRU order by most recently + * added buddy. + * @pages_nr: number of zbud pages in the pool. + * @ops: pointer to a structure of user defined operations specified at + * pool creation time. + * + * This structure is allocated at pool creation time and maintains metadata + * pertaining to a particular zbud pool. + */ +struct zbud_pool { + spinlock_t lock; + struct list_head unbuddied[NCHUNKS]; + struct list_head buddied; + struct list_head lru; + u64 pages_nr; + struct zbud_ops *ops; +}; + +/* + * struct zbud_header - zbud page metadata occupying the first chunk of each + * zbud page. + * @buddy: links the zbud page into the unbuddied/buddied lists in the pool + * @lru: links the zbud page into the lru list in the pool + * @first_chunks: the size of the first buddy in chunks, 0 if free + * @last_chunks: the size of the last buddy in chunks, 0 if free + */ +struct zbud_header { + struct list_head buddy; + struct list_head lru; + unsigned int first_chunks; + unsigned int last_chunks; + bool under_reclaim; +}; + +/***************** + * Helpers +*****************/ +/* Just to make the code easier to read */ +enum buddy { + FIRST, + LAST +}; + +/* Converts an allocation size in bytes to size in zbud chunks */ +static int size_to_chunks(int size) +{ + return (size + CHUNK_SIZE - 1) >> CHUNK_SHIFT; +} + +#define for_each_unbuddied_list(_iter, _begin) \ + for ((_iter) = (_begin); (_iter) < NCHUNKS; (_iter)++) + +/* Initializes the zbud header of a newly allocated zbud page */ +static struct zbud_header *init_zbud_page(struct page *page) +{ + struct zbud_header *zhdr = page_address(page); + zhdr->first_chunks = 0; + zhdr->last_chunks = 0; + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zhdr->buddy); + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zhdr->lru); + zhdr->under_reclaim = 0; + return zhdr; +} + +/* Resets the struct page fields and frees the page */ +static void free_zbud_page(struct zbud_header *zhdr) +{ + __free_page(virt_to_page(zhdr)); +} + +/* + * Encodes the handle of a particular buddy within a zbud page + * Pool lock should be held as this function accesses first|last_chunks + */ +static unsigned long encode_handle(struct zbud_header *zhdr, enum buddy bud) +{ + unsigned long handle; + + /* + * For now, the encoded handle is actually just the pointer to the data + * but this might not always be the case. A little information hiding. + * Add CHUNK_SIZE to the handle if it is the first allocation to jump + * over the zbud header in the first chunk. + */ + handle = (unsigned long)zhdr; + if (bud == FIRST) + /* skip over zbud header */ + handle += ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED; + else /* bud == LAST */ + handle += PAGE_SIZE - (zhdr->last_chunks << CHUNK_SHIFT); + return handle; +} + +/* Returns the zbud page where a given handle is stored */ +static struct zbud_header *handle_to_zbud_header(unsigned long handle) +{ + return (struct zbud_header *)(handle & PAGE_MASK); +} + +/* Returns the number of free chunks in a zbud page */ +static int num_free_chunks(struct zbud_header *zhdr) +{ + /* + * Rather than branch for different situations, just use the fact that + * free buddies have a length of zero to simplify everything. -1 at the + * end for the zbud header. + */ + return NCHUNKS - zhdr->first_chunks - zhdr->last_chunks - 1; +} + +/***************** + * API Functions +*****************/ +/** + * zbud_create_pool() - create a new zbud pool + * @gfp: gfp flags when allocating the zbud pool structure + * @ops: user-defined operations for the zbud pool + * + * Return: pointer to the new zbud pool or NULL if the metadata allocation + * failed. + */ +struct zbud_pool *zbud_create_pool(gfp_t gfp, struct zbud_ops *ops) +{ + struct zbud_pool *pool; + int i; + + pool = kmalloc(sizeof(struct zbud_pool), gfp); + if (!pool) + return NULL; + spin_lock_init(&pool->lock); + for_each_unbuddied_list(i, 0) + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pool->unbuddied[i]); + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pool->buddied); + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pool->lru); + pool->pages_nr = 0; + pool->ops = ops; + return pool; +} + +/** + * zbud_destroy_pool() - destroys an existing zbud pool + * @pool: the zbud pool to be destroyed + * + * The pool should be emptied before this function is called. + */ +void zbud_destroy_pool(struct zbud_pool *pool) +{ + kfree(pool); +} + +/** + * zbud_alloc() - allocates a region of a given size + * @pool: zbud pool from which to allocate + * @size: size in bytes of the desired allocation + * @gfp: gfp flags used if the pool needs to grow + * @handle: handle of the new allocation + * + * This function will attempt to find a free region in the pool large enough to + * satisfy the allocation request. A search of the unbuddied lists is + * performed first. If no suitable free region is found, then a new page is + * allocated and added to the pool to satisfy the request. + * + * gfp should not set __GFP_HIGHMEM as highmem pages cannot be used + * as zbud pool pages. + * + * Return: 0 if success and handle is set, otherwise -EINVAL is the size or + * gfp arguments are invalid or -ENOMEM if the pool was unable to allocate + * a new page. + */ +int zbud_alloc(struct zbud_pool *pool, int size, gfp_t gfp, + unsigned long *handle) +{ + int chunks, i, freechunks; + struct zbud_header *zhdr = NULL; + enum buddy bud; + struct page *page; + + if (size <= 0 || gfp & __GFP_HIGHMEM) + return -EINVAL; + if (size > PAGE_SIZE - ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED) + return -ENOSPC; + chunks = size_to_chunks(size); + spin_lock(&pool->lock); + + /* First, try to find an unbuddied zbud page. */ + zhdr = NULL; + for_each_unbuddied_list(i, chunks) { + if (!list_empty(&pool->unbuddied[i])) { + zhdr = list_first_entry(&pool->unbuddied[i], + struct zbud_header, buddy); + list_del(&zhdr->buddy); + if (zhdr->first_chunks == 0) + bud = FIRST; + else + bud = LAST; + goto found; + } + } + + /* Couldn't find unbuddied zbud page, create new one */ + spin_unlock(&pool->lock); + page = alloc_page(gfp); + if (!page) + return -ENOMEM; + spin_lock(&pool->lock); + pool->pages_nr++; + zhdr = init_zbud_page(page); + bud = FIRST; + +found: + if (bud == FIRST) + zhdr->first_chunks = chunks; + else + zhdr->last_chunks = chunks; + + if (zhdr->first_chunks == 0 || zhdr->last_chunks == 0) { + /* Add to unbuddied list */ + freechunks = num_free_chunks(zhdr); + list_add(&zhdr->buddy, &pool->unbuddied[freechunks]); + } else { + /* Add to buddied list */ + list_add(&zhdr->buddy, &pool->buddied); + } + + /* Add/move zbud page to beginning of LRU */ + if (!list_empty(&zhdr->lru)) + list_del(&zhdr->lru); + list_add(&zhdr->lru, &pool->lru); + + *handle = encode_handle(zhdr, bud); + spin_unlock(&pool->lock); + + return 0; +} + +/** + * zbud_free() - frees the allocation associated with the given handle + * @pool: pool in which the allocation resided + * @handle: handle associated with the allocation returned by zbud_alloc() + * + * In the case that the zbud page in which the allocation resides is under + * reclaim, as indicated by the PG_reclaim flag being set, this function + * only sets the first|last_chunks to 0. The page is actually freed + * once both buddies are evicted (see zbud_reclaim_page() below). + */ +void zbud_free(struct zbud_pool *pool, unsigned long handle) +{ + struct zbud_header *zhdr; + int freechunks; + + spin_lock(&pool->lock); + zhdr = handle_to_zbud_header(handle); + + /* If first buddy, handle will be page aligned */ + if ((handle - ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED) & ~PAGE_MASK) + zhdr->last_chunks = 0; + else + zhdr->first_chunks = 0; + + if (zhdr->under_reclaim) { + /* zbud page is under reclaim, reclaim will free */ + spin_unlock(&pool->lock); + return; + } + + /* Remove from existing buddy list */ + list_del(&zhdr->buddy); + + if (zhdr->first_chunks == 0 && zhdr->last_chunks == 0) { + /* zbud page is empty, free */ + list_del(&zhdr->lru); + free_zbud_page(zhdr); + pool->pages_nr--; + } else { + /* Add to unbuddied list */ + freechunks = num_free_chunks(zhdr); + list_add(&zhdr->buddy, &pool->unbuddied[freechunks]); + } + + spin_unlock(&pool->lock); +} + +#define list_tail_entry(ptr, type, member) \ + list_entry((ptr)->prev, type, member) + +/** + * zbud_reclaim_page() - evicts allocations from a pool page and frees it + * @pool: pool from which a page will attempt to be evicted + * @retires: number of pages on the LRU list for which eviction will + * be attempted before failing + * + * zbud reclaim is different from normal system reclaim in that the reclaim is + * done from the bottom, up. This is because only the bottom layer, zbud, has + * information on how the allocations are organized within each zbud page. This + * has the potential to create interesting locking situations between zbud and + * the user, however. + * + * To avoid these, this is how zbud_reclaim_page() should be called: + + * The user detects a page should be reclaimed and calls zbud_reclaim_page(). + * zbud_reclaim_page() will remove a zbud page from the pool LRU list and call + * the user-defined eviction handler with the pool and handle as arguments. + * + * If the handle can not be evicted, the eviction handler should return + * non-zero. zbud_reclaim_page() will add the zbud page back to the + * appropriate list and try the next zbud page on the LRU up to + * a user defined number of retries. + * + * If the handle is successfully evicted, the eviction handler should + * return 0 _and_ should have called zbud_free() on the handle. zbud_free() + * contains logic to delay freeing the page if the page is under reclaim, + * as indicated by the setting of the PG_reclaim flag on the underlying page. + * + * If all buddies in the zbud page are successfully evicted, then the + * zbud page can be freed. + * + * Returns: 0 if page is successfully freed, otherwise -EINVAL if there are + * no pages to evict or an eviction handler is not registered, -EAGAIN if + * the retry limit was hit. + */ +int zbud_reclaim_page(struct zbud_pool *pool, unsigned int retries) +{ + int i, ret, freechunks; + struct zbud_header *zhdr; + unsigned long first_handle = 0, last_handle = 0; + + spin_lock(&pool->lock); + if (!pool->ops || !pool->ops->evict || list_empty(&pool->lru) || + retries == 0) { + spin_unlock(&pool->lock); + return -EINVAL; + } + for (i = 0; i < retries; i++) { + zhdr = list_tail_entry(&pool->lru, struct zbud_header, lru); + list_del(&zhdr->lru); + list_del(&zhdr->buddy); + /* Protect zbud page against free */ + zhdr->under_reclaim = true; + /* + * We need encode the handles before unlocking, since we can + * race with free that will set (first|last)_chunks to 0 + */ + first_handle = 0; + last_handle = 0; + if (zhdr->first_chunks) + first_handle = encode_handle(zhdr, FIRST); + if (zhdr->last_chunks) + last_handle = encode_handle(zhdr, LAST); + spin_unlock(&pool->lock); + + /* Issue the eviction callback(s) */ + if (first_handle) { + ret = pool->ops->evict(pool, first_handle); + if (ret) + goto next; + } + if (last_handle) { + ret = pool->ops->evict(pool, last_handle); + if (ret) + goto next; + } +next: + spin_lock(&pool->lock); + zhdr->under_reclaim = false; + if (zhdr->first_chunks == 0 && zhdr->last_chunks == 0) { + /* + * Both buddies are now free, free the zbud page and + * return success. + */ + free_zbud_page(zhdr); + pool->pages_nr--; + spin_unlock(&pool->lock); + return 0; + } else if (zhdr->first_chunks == 0 || + zhdr->last_chunks == 0) { + /* add to unbuddied list */ + freechunks = num_free_chunks(zhdr); + list_add(&zhdr->buddy, &pool->unbuddied[freechunks]); + } else { + /* add to buddied list */ + list_add(&zhdr->buddy, &pool->buddied); + } + + /* add to beginning of LRU */ + list_add(&zhdr->lru, &pool->lru); + } + spin_unlock(&pool->lock); + return -EAGAIN; +} + +/** + * zbud_map() - maps the allocation associated with the given handle + * @pool: pool in which the allocation resides + * @handle: handle associated with the allocation to be mapped + * + * While trivial for zbud, the mapping functions for others allocators + * implementing this allocation API could have more complex information encoded + * in the handle and could create temporary mappings to make the data + * accessible to the user. + * + * Returns: a pointer to the mapped allocation + */ +void *zbud_map(struct zbud_pool *pool, unsigned long handle) +{ + return (void *)(handle); +} + +/** + * zbud_unmap() - maps the allocation associated with the given handle + * @pool: pool in which the allocation resides + * @handle: handle associated with the allocation to be unmapped + */ +void zbud_unmap(struct zbud_pool *pool, unsigned long handle) +{ +} + +/** + * zbud_get_pool_size() - gets the zbud pool size in pages + * @pool: pool whose size is being queried + * + * Returns: size in pages of the given pool. The pool lock need not be + * taken to access pages_nr. + */ +u64 zbud_get_pool_size(struct zbud_pool *pool) +{ + return pool->pages_nr; +} + +static int __init init_zbud(void) +{ + /* Make sure the zbud header will fit in one chunk */ + BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct zbud_header) > ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED); + pr_info("loaded\n"); + return 0; +} + +static void __exit exit_zbud(void) +{ + pr_info("unloaded\n"); +} + +module_init(init_zbud); +module_exit(exit_zbud); + +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); +MODULE_AUTHOR("Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>"); +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Buddy Allocator for Compressed Pages"); |
