diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
395 files changed, 15444 insertions, 3955 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/.gitignore b/Documentation/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bcd907b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +filesystems/dnotify_test +laptops/dslm +timers/hpet_example +vm/hugepage-mmap +vm/hugepage-shm +vm/map_hugetlb + diff --git a/Documentation/00-INDEX b/Documentation/00-INDEX index 06b982a..9e642c5 100644 --- a/Documentation/00-INDEX +++ b/Documentation/00-INDEX @@ -32,8 +32,6 @@ DocBook/ - directory with DocBook templates etc. for kernel documentation. HOWTO - the process and procedures of how to do Linux kernel development. -IO-mapping.txt - - how to access I/O mapped memory from within device drivers. IPMI.txt - info on Linux Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) Driver. IRQ-affinity.txt @@ -84,6 +82,8 @@ blockdev/ - info on block devices & drivers btmrvl.txt - info on Marvell Bluetooth driver usage. +bus-virt-phys-mapping.txt + - how to access I/O mapped memory from within device drivers. cachetlb.txt - describes the cache/TLB flushing interfaces Linux uses. cdrom/ @@ -130,8 +130,6 @@ edac.txt - information on EDAC - Error Detection And Correction eisa.txt - info on EISA bus support. -exception.txt - - how Linux v2.2 handles exceptions without verify_area etc. fault-injection/ - dir with docs about the fault injection capabilities infrastructure. fb/ @@ -168,6 +166,8 @@ initrd.txt - how to use the RAM disk as an initial/temporary root filesystem. input/ - info on Linux input device support. +io-mapping.txt + - description of io_mapping functions in linux/io-mapping.h io_ordering.txt - info on ordering I/O writes to memory-mapped addresses. ioctl/ @@ -250,6 +250,8 @@ numastat.txt - info on how to read Numa policy hit/miss statistics in sysfs. oops-tracing.txt - how to decode those nasty internal kernel error dump messages. +padata.txt + - An introduction to the "padata" parallel execution API parisc/ - directory with info on using Linux on PA-RISC architecture. parport.txt diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-bus-usb b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-bus-usb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bd096d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-bus-usb @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../power/level +Date: March 2007 +KernelVersion: 2.6.21 +Contact: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> +Description: + Each USB device directory will contain a file named + power/level. This file holds a power-level setting for + the device, either "on" or "auto". + + "on" means that the device is not allowed to autosuspend, + although normal suspends for system sleep will still + be honored. "auto" means the device will autosuspend + and autoresume in the usual manner, according to the + capabilities of its driver. + + During normal use, devices should be left in the "auto" + level. The "on" level is meant for administrative uses. + If you want to suspend a device immediately but leave it + free to wake up in response to I/O requests, you should + write "0" to power/autosuspend. + + Device not capable of proper suspend and resume should be + left in the "on" level. Although the USB spec requires + devices to support suspend/resume, many of them do not. + In fact so many don't that by default, the USB core + initializes all non-hub devices in the "on" level. Some + drivers may change this setting when they are bound. + + This file is deprecated and will be removed after 2010. + Use the power/control file instead; it does exactly the + same thing. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-class-rfkill b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-class-rfkill new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4201d5b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-class-rfkill @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +rfkill - radio frequency (RF) connector kill switch support + +For details to this subsystem look at Documentation/rfkill.txt. + +What: /sys/class/rfkill/rfkill[0-9]+/state +Date: 09-Jul-2007 +KernelVersion v2.6.22 +Contact: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org +Description: Current state of the transmitter. + This file is deprecated and sheduled to be removed in 2014, + because its not possible to express the 'soft and hard block' + state of the rfkill driver. +Values: A numeric value. + 0: RFKILL_STATE_SOFT_BLOCKED + transmitter is turned off by software + 1: RFKILL_STATE_UNBLOCKED + transmitter is (potentially) active + 2: RFKILL_STATE_HARD_BLOCKED + transmitter is forced off by something outside of + the driver's control. + +What: /sys/class/rfkill/rfkill[0-9]+/claim +Date: 09-Jul-2007 +KernelVersion v2.6.22 +Contact: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org +Description: This file is deprecated because there no longer is a way to + claim just control over a single rfkill instance. + This file is scheduled to be removed in 2012. +Values: 0: Kernel handles events diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-rfkill b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-rfkill new file mode 100644 index 0000000..097f522 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-rfkill @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +rfkill - radio frequency (RF) connector kill switch support + +For details to this subsystem look at Documentation/rfkill.txt. + +For the deprecated /sys/class/rfkill/*/state and +/sys/class/rfkill/*/claim knobs of this interface look in +Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-class-rfkill. + +What: /sys/class/rfkill +Date: 09-Jul-2007 +KernelVersion: v2.6.22 +Contact: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org, +Description: The rfkill class subsystem folder. + Each registered rfkill driver is represented by an rfkillX + subfolder (X being an integer > 0). + + +What: /sys/class/rfkill/rfkill[0-9]+/name +Date: 09-Jul-2007 +KernelVersion v2.6.22 +Contact: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org +Description: Name assigned by driver to this key (interface or driver name). +Values: arbitrary string. + + +What: /sys/class/rfkill/rfkill[0-9]+/type +Date: 09-Jul-2007 +KernelVersion v2.6.22 +Contact: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org +Description: Driver type string ("wlan", "bluetooth", etc). +Values: See include/linux/rfkill.h. + + +What: /sys/class/rfkill/rfkill[0-9]+/persistent +Date: 09-Jul-2007 +KernelVersion v2.6.22 +Contact: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org +Description: Whether the soft blocked state is initialised from non-volatile + storage at startup. +Values: A numeric value. + 0: false + 1: true + + +What: /sys/class/rfkill/rfkill[0-9]+/hard +Date: 12-March-2010 +KernelVersion v2.6.34 +Contact: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org +Description: Current hardblock state. This file is read only. +Values: A numeric value. + 0: inactive + The transmitter is (potentially) active. + 1: active + The transmitter is forced off by something outside of + the driver's control. + + +What: /sys/class/rfkill/rfkill[0-9]+/soft +Date: 12-March-2010 +KernelVersion v2.6.34 +Contact: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org +Description: Current softblock state. This file is read and write. +Values: A numeric value. + 0: inactive + The transmitter is (potentially) active. + 1: active + The transmitter is turned off by software. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-ec b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-ec new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6546115 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-ec @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +What: /sys/kernel/debug/ec/*/{gpe,use_global_lock,io} +Date: July 2010 +Contact: Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de> +Description: + +General information like which GPE is assigned to the EC and whether +the global lock should get used. +Knowing the EC GPE one can watch the amount of HW events related to +the EC here (XY -> GPE number from /sys/kernel/debug/ec/*/gpe): +/sys/firmware/acpi/interrupts/gpeXY + +The io file is binary and a userspace tool located here: +ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/people/trenn/sources/ec/ +should get used to read out the 256 Embedded Controller registers +or writing to them. + +CAUTION: Do not write to the Embedded Controller if you don't know +what you are doing! Rebooting afterwards also is a good idea. +This can influence the way your machine is cooled and fans may +not get switched on again after you did a wrong write. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-kmemtrace b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-kmemtrace deleted file mode 100644 index 5e6a92a..0000000 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-kmemtrace +++ /dev/null @@ -1,71 +0,0 @@ -What: /sys/kernel/debug/kmemtrace/ -Date: July 2008 -Contact: Eduard - Gabriel Munteanu <eduard.munteanu@linux360.ro> -Description: - -In kmemtrace-enabled kernels, the following files are created: - -/sys/kernel/debug/kmemtrace/ - cpu<n> (0400) Per-CPU tracing data, see below. (binary) - total_overruns (0400) Total number of bytes which were dropped from - cpu<n> files because of full buffer condition, - non-binary. (text) - abi_version (0400) Kernel's kmemtrace ABI version. (text) - -Each per-CPU file should be read according to the relay interface. That is, -the reader should set affinity to that specific CPU and, as currently done by -the userspace application (though there are other methods), use poll() with -an infinite timeout before every read(). Otherwise, erroneous data may be -read. The binary data has the following _core_ format: - - Event ID (1 byte) Unsigned integer, one of: - 0 - represents an allocation (KMEMTRACE_EVENT_ALLOC) - 1 - represents a freeing of previously allocated memory - (KMEMTRACE_EVENT_FREE) - Type ID (1 byte) Unsigned integer, one of: - 0 - this is a kmalloc() / kfree() - 1 - this is a kmem_cache_alloc() / kmem_cache_free() - 2 - this is a __get_free_pages() et al. - Event size (2 bytes) Unsigned integer representing the - size of this event. Used to extend - kmemtrace. Discard the bytes you - don't know about. - Sequence number (4 bytes) Signed integer used to reorder data - logged on SMP machines. Wraparound - must be taken into account, although - it is unlikely. - Caller address (8 bytes) Return address to the caller. - Pointer to mem (8 bytes) Pointer to target memory area. Can be - NULL, but not all such calls might be - recorded. - -In case of KMEMTRACE_EVENT_ALLOC events, the next fields follow: - - Requested bytes (8 bytes) Total number of requested bytes, - unsigned, must not be zero. - Allocated bytes (8 bytes) Total number of actually allocated - bytes, unsigned, must not be lower - than requested bytes. - Requested flags (4 bytes) GFP flags supplied by the caller. - Target CPU (4 bytes) Signed integer, valid for event id 1. - If equal to -1, target CPU is the same - as origin CPU, but the reverse might - not be true. - -The data is made available in the same endianness the machine has. - -Other event ids and type ids may be defined and added. Other fields may be -added by increasing event size, but see below for details. -Every modification to the ABI, including new id definitions, are followed -by bumping the ABI version by one. - -Adding new data to the packet (features) is done at the end of the mandatory -data: - Feature size (2 byte) - Feature ID (1 byte) - Feature data (Feature size - 3 bytes) - - -Users: - kmemtrace-user - git://repo.or.cz/kmemtrace-user.git - diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-hm6352 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-hm6352 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..feb2e4a --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-hm6352 @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +Where: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/.../heading0_input +Date: April 2010 +Kernel Version: 2.6.36? +Contact: alan.cox@intel.com +Description: Reports the current heading from the compass as a floating + point value in degrees. + +Where: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/.../power_state +Date: April 2010 +Kernel Version: 2.6.36? +Contact: alan.cox@intel.com +Description: Sets the power state of the device. 0 sets the device into + sleep mode, 1 wakes it up. + +Where: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/.../calibration +Date: April 2010 +Kernel Version: 2.6.36? +Contact: alan.cox@intel.com +Description: Sets the calibration on or off (1 = on, 0 = off). See the + chip data sheet. + diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci index 25be325..f979d82 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci @@ -139,3 +139,30 @@ Contact: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org Description: This symbolic link points to the PCI hotplug controller driver module that manages the hotplug slot. + +What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../label +Date: July 2010 +Contact: Narendra K <narendra_k@dell.com>, linux-bugs@dell.com +Description: + Reading this attribute will provide the firmware + given name(SMBIOS type 41 string) of the PCI device. + The attribute will be created only if the firmware + has given a name to the PCI device. +Users: + Userspace applications interested in knowing the + firmware assigned name of the PCI device. + +What: /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../index +Date: July 2010 +Contact: Narendra K <narendra_k@dell.com>, linux-bugs@dell.com +Description: + Reading this attribute will provide the firmware + given instance(SMBIOS type 41 device type instance) + of the PCI device. The attribute will be created + only if the firmware has given a device type instance + to the PCI device. +Users: + Userspace applications interested in knowing the + firmware assigned device type instance of the PCI + device that can help in understanding the firmware + intended order of the PCI device. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-usb b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-usb index bcebb9e..294aa86 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-usb +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-usb @@ -14,34 +14,6 @@ Description: The autosuspend delay for newly-created devices is set to the value of the usbcore.autosuspend module parameter. -What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../power/level -Date: March 2007 -KernelVersion: 2.6.21 -Contact: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> -Description: - Each USB device directory will contain a file named - power/level. This file holds a power-level setting for - the device, either "on" or "auto". - - "on" means that the device is not allowed to autosuspend, - although normal suspends for system sleep will still - be honored. "auto" means the device will autosuspend - and autoresume in the usual manner, according to the - capabilities of its driver. - - During normal use, devices should be left in the "auto" - level. The "on" level is meant for administrative uses. - If you want to suspend a device immediately but leave it - free to wake up in response to I/O requests, you should - write "0" to power/autosuspend. - - Device not capable of proper suspend and resume should be - left in the "on" level. Although the USB spec requires - devices to support suspend/resume, many of them do not. - In fact so many don't that by default, the USB core - initializes all non-hub devices in the "on" level. Some - drivers may change this setting when they are bound. - What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../power/persist Date: May 2007 KernelVersion: 2.6.23 diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power new file mode 100644 index 0000000..78c7bac --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +What: /sys/class/power/ds2760-battery.*/charge_now +Date: May 2010 +KernelVersion: 2.6.35 +Contact: Daniel Mack <daniel@caiaq.de> +Description: + This file is writeable and can be used to set the current + coloumb counter value inside the battery monitor chip. This + is needed for unavoidable corrections of aging batteries. + A userspace daemon can monitor the battery charging logic + and once the counter drops out of considerable bounds, take + appropriate action. + +What: /sys/class/power/ds2760-battery.*/charge_full +Date: May 2010 +KernelVersion: 2.6.35 +Contact: Daniel Mack <daniel@caiaq.de> +Description: + This file is writeable and can be used to set the assumed + battery 'full level'. As batteries age, this value has to be + amended over time. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-memory b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-memory index bf1627b..7405de2 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-memory +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-memory @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Description: added or removed dynamically to represent hot-add/remove operations. Users: hotplug memory add/remove tools - https://w3.opensource.ibm.com/projects/powerpc-utils/ + http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/wikis/display/LinuxP/powerpc-utils What: /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryX/removable Date: June 2008 @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Description: identify removable sections of the memory before attempting potentially expensive hot-remove memory operation Users: hotplug memory remove tools - https://w3.opensource.ibm.com/projects/powerpc-utils/ + http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/wikis/display/LinuxP/powerpc-utils What: /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryX/phys_device Date: September 2008 @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Date: September 2008 Contact: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com> Description: The file /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryX/state - is read-write. When read, it's contents show the + is read-write. When read, its contents show the online/offline state of the memory section. When written, root can toggle the the online/offline state of a removable memory section (see removable file description above) @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Description: by root to offline that section. # echo offline > /sys/devices/system/memory/memory22/state Users: hotplug memory remove tools - https://w3.opensource.ibm.com/projects/powerpc-utils/ + http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/wikis/display/LinuxP/powerpc-utils What: /sys/devices/system/memoryX/nodeY diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-node b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-node new file mode 100644 index 0000000..453a210 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-node @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +What: /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/compact +Date: February 2010 +Contact: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> +Description: + When this file is written to, all memory within that node + will be compacted. When it completes, memory will be freed + into blocks which have as many contiguous pages as possible diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-_UDC_-gadget b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-_UDC_-gadget new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d548eaa --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-platform-_UDC_-gadget @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +What: /sys/devices/platform/_UDC_/gadget/suspended +Date: April 2010 +Contact: Fabien Chouteau <fabien.chouteau@barco.com> +Description: + Show the suspend state of an USB composite gadget. + 1 -> suspended + 0 -> resumed + + (_UDC_ is the name of the USB Device Controller driver) + +What: /sys/devices/platform/_UDC_/gadget/gadget-lunX/nofua +Date: July 2010 +Contact: Andy Shevchenko <andy.shevchenko@gmail.com> +Description: + Show or set the reaction on the FUA (Force Unit Access) bit in + the SCSI WRITE(10,12) commands when a gadget in USB Mass + Storage mode. + + Possible values are: + 1 -> ignore the FUA flag + 0 -> obey the FUA flag diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-cpu b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-cpu index 84a710f..7564e88 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-cpu +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-cpu @@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ Description: These files exist in every cpu's cache index directories. Currently, only AMD Family 10h Processors support cache index disable, and only for their L3 caches. See the BIOS and Kernel Developer's Guide at - http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/white_papers_and_tech_docs/31116-Public-GH-BKDG_3.20_2-4-09.pdf + http://support.amd.com/us/Embedded_TechDocs/31116-Public-GH-BKDG_3-28_5-28-09.pdf for formatting information and other details on the cache index disable. Users: joachim.deguara@amd.com diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-picolcd b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-picolcd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..08579e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-picolcd @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/operation_mode +Date: March 2010 +Contact: Bruno Prémont <bonbons@linux-vserver.org> +Description: Make it possible to switch the PicoLCD device between LCD + (firmware) and bootloader (flasher) operation modes. + + Reading: returns list of available modes, the active mode being + enclosed in brackets ('[' and ']') + + Writing: causes operation mode switch. Permitted values are + the non-active mode names listed when read. + + Note: when switching mode the current PicoLCD HID device gets + disconnected and reconnects after above delay (see attribute + operation_mode_delay for its value). + + +What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/operation_mode_delay +Date: April 2010 +Contact: Bruno Prémont <bonbons@linux-vserver.org> +Description: Delay PicoLCD waits before restarting in new mode when + operation_mode has changed. + + Reading/Writing: It is expressed in ms and permitted range is + 0..30000ms. + + +What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/<hid-bus>:<vendor-id>:<product-id>.<num>/fb_update_rate +Date: March 2010 +Contact: Bruno Prémont <bonbons@linux-vserver.org> +Description: Make it possible to adjust defio refresh rate. + + Reading: returns list of available refresh rates (expressed in Hz), + the active refresh rate being enclosed in brackets ('[' and ']') + + Writing: accepts new refresh rate expressed in integer Hz + within permitted rates. + + Note: As device can barely do 2 complete refreshes a second + it only makes sense to adjust this value if only one or two + tiles get changed and it's not appropriate to expect the application + to flush it's tiny changes explicitely at higher than default rate. + diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-prodikeys b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-prodikeys new file mode 100644 index 0000000..05d988c --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-prodikeys @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/prodikeys/.../channel +Date: April 2010 +KernelVersion: 2.6.34 +Contact: Don Prince <dhprince.devel@yahoo.co.uk> +Description: + Allows control (via software) the midi channel to which + that the pc-midi keyboard will output.midi data. + Range: 0..15 + Type: Read/write +What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/prodikeys/.../sustain +Date: April 2010 +KernelVersion: 2.6.34 +Contact: Don Prince <dhprince.devel@yahoo.co.uk> +Description: + Allows control (via software) the sustain duration of a + note held by the pc-midi driver. + 0 means sustain mode is disabled. + Range: 0..5000 (milliseconds) + Type: Read/write +What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/prodikeys/.../octave +Date: April 2010 +KernelVersion: 2.6.34 +Contact: Don Prince <dhprince.devel@yahoo.co.uk> +Description: + Controls the octave shift modifier in the pc-midi driver. + The octave can be shifted via software up/down 2 octaves. + 0 means the no ocatve shift. + Range: -2..2 (minus 2 to plus 2) + Type: Read/Write diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-kone b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-kone new file mode 100644 index 0000000..063bda7 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-roccat-kone @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/actual_dpi +Date: March 2010 +Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net> +Description: It is possible to switch the dpi setting of the mouse with the + press of a button. + When read, this file returns the raw number of the actual dpi + setting reported by the mouse. This number has to be further + processed to receive the real dpi value. + + VALUE DPI + 1 800 + 2 1200 + 3 1600 + 4 2000 + 5 2400 + 6 3200 + + This file is readonly. + +What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/actual_profile +Date: March 2010 +Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net> +Description: When read, this file returns the number of the actual profile. + This file is readonly. + +What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/firmware_version +Date: March 2010 +Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net> +Description: When read, this file returns the raw integer version number of the + firmware reported by the mouse. Using the integer value eases + further usage in other programs. To receive the real version + number the decimal point has to be shifted 2 positions to the + left. E.g. a returned value of 138 means 1.38 + This file is readonly. + +What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/profile[1-5] +Date: March 2010 +Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net> +Description: The mouse can store 5 profiles which can be switched by the + press of a button. A profile holds informations like button + mappings, sensitivity, the colors of the 5 leds and light + effects. + When read, these files return the respective profile. The + returned data is 975 bytes in size. + When written, this file lets one write the respective profile + data back to the mouse. The data has to be 975 bytes long. + The mouse will reject invalid data, whereas the profile number + stored in the profile doesn't need to fit the number of the + store. + +What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/settings +Date: March 2010 +Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net> +Description: When read, this file returns the settings stored in the mouse. + The size of the data is 36 bytes and holds information like the + startup_profile, tcu state and calibration_data. + When written, this file lets write settings back to the mouse. + The data has to be 36 bytes long. The mouse will reject invalid + data. + +What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/startup_profile +Date: March 2010 +Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net> +Description: The integer value of this attribute ranges from 1 to 5. + When read, this attribute returns the number of the profile + that's active when the mouse is powered on. + When written, this file sets the number of the startup profile + and the mouse activates this profile immediately. + +What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/tcu +Date: March 2010 +Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net> +Description: The mouse has a "Tracking Control Unit" which lets the user + calibrate the laser power to fit the mousepad surface. + When read, this file returns the current state of the TCU, + where 0 means off and 1 means on. + Writing 0 in this file will switch the TCU off. + Writing 1 in this file will start the calibration which takes + around 6 seconds to complete and activates the TCU. + +What: /sys/bus/usb/devices/<busnum>-<devnum>:<config num>.<interface num>/weight +Date: March 2010 +Contact: Stefan Achatz <erazor_de@users.sourceforge.net> +Description: The mouse can be equipped with one of four supplied weights + ranging from 5 to 20 grams which are recognized by the mouse + and its value can be read out. When read, this file returns the + raw value returned by the mouse which eases further processing + in other software. + The values map to the weights as follows: + + VALUE WEIGHT + 0 none + 1 5g + 2 10g + 3 15g + 4 20g + + This file is readonly. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-sfi b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-sfi new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4be7d44 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-sfi @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +What: /sys/firmware/sfi/tables/ +Date: May 2010 +Contact: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org> +Description: + SFI defines a number of small static memory tables + so the kernel can get platform information from firmware. + + The tables are defined in the latest SFI specification: + http://simplefirmware.org/documentation + + While the tables are used by the kernel, user-space + can observe them this way: + + # cd /sys/firmware/sfi/tables + # cat $TABLENAME > $TABLENAME.bin diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-i2c-bmp085 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-i2c-bmp085 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..585962a --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-i2c-bmp085 @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<busnum>-<devaddr>/pressure0_input +Date: June 2010 +Contact: Christoph Mair <christoph.mair@gmail.com> +Description: Start a pressure measurement and read the result. Values + represent the ambient air pressure in pascal (0.01 millibar). + + Reading: returns the current air pressure. + + +What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<busnum>-<devaddr>/temp0_input +Date: June 2010 +Contact: Christoph Mair <christoph.mair@gmail.com> +Description: Measure the ambient temperature. The returned value represents + the ambient temperature in units of 0.1 degree celsius. + + Reading: returns the current temperature. + + +What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<busnum>-<devaddr>/oversampling +Date: June 2010 +Contact: Christoph Mair <christoph.mair@gmail.com> +Description: Tell the bmp085 to use more samples to calculate a pressure + value. When writing to this file the chip will use 2^x samples + to calculate the next pressure value with x being the value + written. Using this feature will decrease RMS noise and + increase the measurement time. + + Reading: returns the current oversampling setting. + + Writing: sets a new oversampling setting. + Accepted values: 0..3. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-power b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-power index d6a801f..2875f1f 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-power +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-power @@ -114,3 +114,18 @@ Description: if this file contains "1", which is the default. It may be disabled by writing "0" to this file, in which case all devices will be suspended and resumed synchronously. + +What: /sys/power/wakeup_count +Date: July 2010 +Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> +Description: + The /sys/power/wakeup_count file allows user space to put the + system into a sleep state while taking into account the + concurrent arrival of wakeup events. Reading from it returns + the current number of registered wakeup events and it blocks if + some wakeup events are being processed at the time the file is + read from. Writing to it will only succeed if the current + number of wakeup events is equal to the written value and, if + successful, will make the kernel abort a subsequent transition + to a sleep state if any wakeup events are reported after the + write has returned. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-wacom b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-wacom new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1517976 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-wacom @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +What: /sys/class/hidraw/hidraw*/device/speed +Date: April 2010 +Kernel Version: 2.6.35 +Contact: linux-bluetooth@vger.kernel.org +Description: + The /sys/class/hidraw/hidraw*/device/speed file controls + reporting speed of wacom bluetooth tablet. Reading from + this file returns 1 if tablet reports in high speed mode + or 0 otherwise. Writing to this file one of these values + switches reporting speed. diff --git a/Documentation/Changes b/Documentation/Changes index f08b313..4fb88f1 100644 --- a/Documentation/Changes +++ b/Documentation/Changes @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version o udev 081 # udevinfo -V o grub 0.93 # grub --version o mcelog 0.6 -o iptables 1.4.1 # iptables -V +o iptables 1.4.2 # iptables -V Kernel compilation @@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/> Mkinitrd -------- -o <ftp://rawhide.redhat.com/pub/rawhide/SRPMS/SRPMS/> +o <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main> E2fsprogs --------- @@ -343,11 +343,11 @@ o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/> Reiserfsprogs ------------- -o <http://www.namesys.com/pub/reiserfsprogs/reiserfsprogs-3.6.3.tar.gz> +o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/> Xfsprogs -------- -o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/download/> +o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/> Pcmciautils ----------- @@ -387,18 +387,18 @@ o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse> mcelog ------ -o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/cpu/mce/mcelog/> +o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/cpu/mce/> Networking ********** PPP --- -o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/ppp-2.4.0.tar.gz> +o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/> Isdn4k-utils ------------ -o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/isdn4k-utils.v3.1pre1.tar.gz> +o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/> NFS-utils --------- diff --git a/Documentation/DMA-API-HOWTO.txt b/Documentation/DMA-API-HOWTO.txt index 52618ab..3c4e071 100644 --- a/Documentation/DMA-API-HOWTO.txt +++ b/Documentation/DMA-API-HOWTO.txt @@ -639,6 +639,36 @@ is planned to completely remove virt_to_bus() and bus_to_virt() as they are entirely deprecated. Some ports already do not provide these as it is impossible to correctly support them. + Handling Errors + +DMA address space is limited on some architectures and an allocation +failure can be determined by: + +- checking if dma_alloc_coherent returns NULL or dma_map_sg returns 0 + +- checking the returned dma_addr_t of dma_map_single and dma_map_page + by using dma_mapping_error(): + + dma_addr_t dma_handle; + + dma_handle = dma_map_single(dev, addr, size, direction); + if (dma_mapping_error(dev, dma_handle)) { + /* + * reduce current DMA mapping usage, + * delay and try again later or + * reset driver. + */ + } + +Networking drivers must call dev_kfree_skb to free the socket buffer +and return NETDEV_TX_OK if the DMA mapping fails on the transmit hook +(ndo_start_xmit). This means that the socket buffer is just dropped in +the failure case. + +SCSI drivers must return SCSI_MLQUEUE_HOST_BUSY if the DMA mapping +fails in the queuecommand hook. This means that the SCSI subsystem +passes the command to the driver again later. + Optimizing Unmap State Space Consumption On many platforms, dma_unmap_{single,page}() is simply a nop. @@ -703,46 +733,39 @@ to "Closing". 1) Struct scatterlist requirements. - Struct scatterlist must contain, at a minimum, the following - members: - - struct page *page; - unsigned int offset; - unsigned int length; - - The base address is specified by a "page+offset" pair. + Don't invent the architecture specific struct scatterlist; just use + <asm-generic/scatterlist.h>. You need to enable + CONFIG_NEED_SG_DMA_LENGTH if the architecture supports IOMMUs + (including software IOMMU). - Previous versions of struct scatterlist contained a "void *address" - field that was sometimes used instead of page+offset. As of Linux - 2.5., page+offset is always used, and the "address" field has been - deleted. +2) ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN -2) More to come... + Architectures must ensure that kmalloc'ed buffer is + DMA-safe. Drivers and subsystems depend on it. If an architecture + isn't fully DMA-coherent (i.e. hardware doesn't ensure that data in + the CPU cache is identical to data in main memory), + ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN must be set so that the memory allocator + makes sure that kmalloc'ed buffer doesn't share a cache line with + the others. See arch/arm/include/asm/cache.h as an example. - Handling Errors + Note that ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN is about DMA memory alignment + constraints. You don't need to worry about the architecture data + alignment constraints (e.g. the alignment constraints about 64-bit + objects). -DMA address space is limited on some architectures and an allocation -failure can be determined by: - -- checking if dma_alloc_coherent returns NULL or dma_map_sg returns 0 - -- checking the returned dma_addr_t of dma_map_single and dma_map_page - by using dma_mapping_error(): +3) Supporting multiple types of IOMMUs - dma_addr_t dma_handle; - - dma_handle = dma_map_single(dev, addr, size, direction); - if (dma_mapping_error(dev, dma_handle)) { - /* - * reduce current DMA mapping usage, - * delay and try again later or - * reset driver. - */ - } + If your architecture needs to support multiple types of IOMMUs, you + can use include/linux/asm-generic/dma-mapping-common.h. It's a + library to support the DMA API with multiple types of IOMMUs. Lots + of architectures (x86, powerpc, sh, alpha, ia64, microblaze and + sparc) use it. Choose one to see how it can be used. If you need to + support multiple types of IOMMUs in a single system, the example of + x86 or powerpc helps. Closing -This document, and the API itself, would not be in it's current +This document, and the API itself, would not be in its current form without the feedback and suggestions from numerous individuals. We would like to specifically mention, in no particular order, the following people: diff --git a/Documentation/DMA-API.txt b/Documentation/DMA-API.txt index 05e2ae2..fe23269 100644 --- a/Documentation/DMA-API.txt +++ b/Documentation/DMA-API.txt @@ -456,12 +456,6 @@ be identical to those passed in (and returned by dma_alloc_noncoherent()). int -dma_is_consistent(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_handle) - -Returns true if the device dev is performing consistent DMA on the memory -area pointed to by the dma_handle. - -int dma_get_cache_alignment(void) Returns the processor cache alignment. This is the absolute minimum diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile b/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile index 325cfd1..34929f2 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ DOCBOOKS := z8530book.xml mcabook.xml device-drivers.xml \ genericirq.xml s390-drivers.xml uio-howto.xml scsi.xml \ mac80211.xml debugobjects.xml sh.xml regulator.xml \ alsa-driver-api.xml writing-an-alsa-driver.xml \ - tracepoint.xml media.xml + tracepoint.xml media.xml drm.xml ### # The build process is as follows (targets): @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ PS_METHOD = $(prefer-db2x) PHONY += xmldocs sgmldocs psdocs pdfdocs htmldocs mandocs installmandocs cleandocs xmldoclinks BOOKS := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(DOCBOOKS)) -xmldocs: $(BOOKS) xmldoclinks +xmldocs: $(BOOKS) sgmldocs: xmldocs PS := $(patsubst %.xml, %.ps, $(BOOKS)) @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ PDF := $(patsubst %.xml, %.pdf, $(BOOKS)) pdfdocs: $(PDF) HTML := $(sort $(patsubst %.xml, %.html, $(BOOKS))) -htmldocs: $(HTML) +htmldocs: $(HTML) xmldoclinks $(call build_main_index) $(call build_images) @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ define rule_docproc ) > $(dir $@).$(notdir $@).cmd endef -%.xml: %.tmpl FORCE +%.xml: %.tmpl xmldoclinks FORCE $(call if_changed_rule,docproc) ### diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/device-drivers.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/device-drivers.tmpl index 1b2dd4f..ecd35e9 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/device-drivers.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/device-drivers.tmpl @@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ X!Edrivers/base/attribute_container.c <!-- X!Edrivers/base/interface.c --> +!Iinclude/linux/platform_device.h !Edrivers/base/platform.c !Edrivers/base/bus.c </sect1> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/drm.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/drm.tmpl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..910c923 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/drm.tmpl @@ -0,0 +1,839 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" + "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []> + +<book id="drmDevelopersGuide"> + <bookinfo> + <title>Linux DRM Developer's Guide</title> + + <copyright> + <year>2008-2009</year> + <holder> + Intel Corporation (Jesse Barnes <jesse.barnes@intel.com>) + </holder> + </copyright> + + <legalnotice> + <para> + The contents of this file may be used under the terms of the GNU + General Public License version 2 (the "GPL") as distributed in + the kernel source COPYING file. + </para> + </legalnotice> + </bookinfo> + +<toc></toc> + + <!-- Introduction --> + + <chapter id="drmIntroduction"> + <title>Introduction</title> + <para> + The Linux DRM layer contains code intended to support the needs + of complex graphics devices, usually containing programmable + pipelines well suited to 3D graphics acceleration. Graphics + drivers in the kernel can make use of DRM functions to make + tasks like memory management, interrupt handling and DMA easier, + and provide a uniform interface to applications. + </para> + <para> + A note on versions: this guide covers features found in the DRM + tree, including the TTM memory manager, output configuration and + mode setting, and the new vblank internals, in addition to all + the regular features found in current kernels. + </para> + <para> + [Insert diagram of typical DRM stack here] + </para> + </chapter> + + <!-- Internals --> + + <chapter id="drmInternals"> + <title>DRM Internals</title> + <para> + This chapter documents DRM internals relevant to driver authors + and developers working to add support for the latest features to + existing drivers. + </para> + <para> + First, we'll go over some typical driver initialization + requirements, like setting up command buffers, creating an + initial output configuration, and initializing core services. + Subsequent sections will cover core internals in more detail, + providing implementation notes and examples. + </para> + <para> + The DRM layer provides several services to graphics drivers, + many of them driven by the application interfaces it provides + through libdrm, the library that wraps most of the DRM ioctls. + These include vblank event handling, memory + management, output management, framebuffer management, command + submission & fencing, suspend/resume support, and DMA + services. + </para> + <para> + The core of every DRM driver is struct drm_device. Drivers + will typically statically initialize a drm_device structure, + then pass it to drm_init() at load time. + </para> + + <!-- Internals: driver init --> + + <sect1> + <title>Driver initialization</title> + <para> + Before calling the DRM initialization routines, the driver must + first create and fill out a struct drm_device structure. + </para> + <programlisting> + static struct drm_driver driver = { + /* don't use mtrr's here, the Xserver or user space app should + * deal with them for intel hardware. + */ + .driver_features = + DRIVER_USE_AGP | DRIVER_REQUIRE_AGP | + DRIVER_HAVE_IRQ | DRIVER_IRQ_SHARED | DRIVER_MODESET, + .load = i915_driver_load, + .unload = i915_driver_unload, + .firstopen = i915_driver_firstopen, + .lastclose = i915_driver_lastclose, + .preclose = i915_driver_preclose, + .save = i915_save, + .restore = i915_restore, + .device_is_agp = i915_driver_device_is_agp, + .get_vblank_counter = i915_get_vblank_counter, + .enable_vblank = i915_enable_vblank, + .disable_vblank = i915_disable_vblank, + .irq_preinstall = i915_driver_irq_preinstall, + .irq_postinstall = i915_driver_irq_postinstall, + .irq_uninstall = i915_driver_irq_uninstall, + .irq_handler = i915_driver_irq_handler, + .reclaim_buffers = drm_core_reclaim_buffers, + .get_map_ofs = drm_core_get_map_ofs, + .get_reg_ofs = drm_core_get_reg_ofs, + .fb_probe = intelfb_probe, + .fb_remove = intelfb_remove, + .fb_resize = intelfb_resize, + .master_create = i915_master_create, + .master_destroy = i915_master_destroy, +#if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS) + .debugfs_init = i915_debugfs_init, + .debugfs_cleanup = i915_debugfs_cleanup, +#endif + .gem_init_object = i915_gem_init_object, + .gem_free_object = i915_gem_free_object, + .gem_vm_ops = &i915_gem_vm_ops, + .ioctls = i915_ioctls, + .fops = { + .owner = THIS_MODULE, + .open = drm_open, + .release = drm_release, + .ioctl = drm_ioctl, + .mmap = drm_mmap, + .poll = drm_poll, + .fasync = drm_fasync, +#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT + .compat_ioctl = i915_compat_ioctl, +#endif + }, + .pci_driver = { + .name = DRIVER_NAME, + .id_table = pciidlist, + .probe = probe, + .remove = __devexit_p(drm_cleanup_pci), + }, + .name = DRIVER_NAME, + .desc = DRIVER_DESC, + .date = DRIVER_DATE, + .major = DRIVER_MAJOR, + .minor = DRIVER_MINOR, + .patchlevel = DRIVER_PATCHLEVEL, + }; + </programlisting> + <para> + In the example above, taken from the i915 DRM driver, the driver + sets several flags indicating what core features it supports. + We'll go over the individual callbacks in later sections. Since + flags indicate which features your driver supports to the DRM + core, you need to set most of them prior to calling drm_init(). Some, + like DRIVER_MODESET can be set later based on user supplied parameters, + but that's the exception rather than the rule. + </para> + <variablelist> + <title>Driver flags</title> + <varlistentry> + <term>DRIVER_USE_AGP</term> + <listitem><para> + Driver uses AGP interface + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>DRIVER_REQUIRE_AGP</term> + <listitem><para> + Driver needs AGP interface to function. + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>DRIVER_USE_MTRR</term> + <listitem> + <para> + Driver uses MTRR interface for mapping memory. Deprecated. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>DRIVER_PCI_DMA</term> + <listitem><para> + Driver is capable of PCI DMA. Deprecated. + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>DRIVER_SG</term> + <listitem><para> + Driver can perform scatter/gather DMA. Deprecated. + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>DRIVER_HAVE_DMA</term> + <listitem><para>Driver supports DMA. Deprecated.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>DRIVER_HAVE_IRQ</term><term>DRIVER_IRQ_SHARED</term> + <listitem> + <para> + DRIVER_HAVE_IRQ indicates whether the driver has a IRQ + handler, DRIVER_IRQ_SHARED indicates whether the device & + handler support shared IRQs (note that this is required of + PCI drivers). + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>DRIVER_DMA_QUEUE</term> + <listitem> + <para> + If the driver queues DMA requests and completes them + asynchronously, this flag should be set. Deprecated. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>DRIVER_FB_DMA</term> + <listitem> + <para> + Driver supports DMA to/from the framebuffer. Deprecated. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>DRIVER_MODESET</term> + <listitem> + <para> + Driver supports mode setting interfaces. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + <para> + In this specific case, the driver requires AGP and supports + IRQs. DMA, as we'll see, is handled by device specific ioctls + in this case. It also supports the kernel mode setting APIs, though + unlike in the actual i915 driver source, this example unconditionally + exports KMS capability. + </para> + </sect1> + + <!-- Internals: driver load --> + + <sect1> + <title>Driver load</title> + <para> + In the previous section, we saw what a typical drm_driver + structure might look like. One of the more important fields in + the structure is the hook for the load function. + </para> + <programlisting> + static struct drm_driver driver = { + ... + .load = i915_driver_load, + ... + }; + </programlisting> + <para> + The load function has many responsibilities: allocating a driver + private structure, specifying supported performance counters, + configuring the device (e.g. mapping registers & command + buffers), initializing the memory manager, and setting up the + initial output configuration. + </para> + <para> + Note that the tasks performed at driver load time must not + conflict with DRM client requirements. For instance, if user + level mode setting drivers are in use, it would be problematic + to perform output discovery & configuration at load time. + Likewise, if pre-memory management aware user level drivers are + in use, memory management and command buffer setup may need to + be omitted. These requirements are driver specific, and care + needs to be taken to keep both old and new applications and + libraries working. The i915 driver supports the "modeset" + module parameter to control whether advanced features are + enabled at load time or in legacy fashion. If compatibility is + a concern (e.g. with drivers converted over to the new interfaces + from the old ones), care must be taken to prevent incompatible + device initialization and control with the currently active + userspace drivers. + </para> + + <sect2> + <title>Driver private & performance counters</title> + <para> + The driver private hangs off the main drm_device structure and + can be used for tracking various device specific bits of + information, like register offsets, command buffer status, + register state for suspend/resume, etc. At load time, a + driver can simply allocate one and set drm_device.dev_priv + appropriately; at unload the driver can free it and set + drm_device.dev_priv to NULL. + </para> + <para> + The DRM supports several counters which can be used for rough + performance characterization. Note that the DRM stat counter + system is not often used by applications, and supporting + additional counters is completely optional. + </para> + <para> + These interfaces are deprecated and should not be used. If performance + monitoring is desired, the developer should investigate and + potentially enhance the kernel perf and tracing infrastructure to export + GPU related performance information to performance monitoring + tools and applications. + </para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>Configuring the device</title> + <para> + Obviously, device configuration will be device specific. + However, there are several common operations: finding a + device's PCI resources, mapping them, and potentially setting + up an IRQ handler. + </para> + <para> + Finding & mapping resources is fairly straightforward. The + DRM wrapper functions, drm_get_resource_start() and + drm_get_resource_len() can be used to find BARs on the given + drm_device struct. Once those values have been retrieved, the + driver load function can call drm_addmap() to create a new + mapping for the BAR in question. Note you'll probably want a + drm_local_map_t in your driver private structure to track any + mappings you create. +<!-- !Fdrivers/gpu/drm/drm_bufs.c drm_get_resource_* --> +<!-- !Finclude/drm/drmP.h drm_local_map_t --> + </para> + <para> + if compatibility with other operating systems isn't a concern + (DRM drivers can run under various BSD variants and OpenSolaris), + native Linux calls can be used for the above, e.g. pci_resource_* + and iomap*/iounmap. See the Linux device driver book for more + info. + </para> + <para> + Once you have a register map, you can use the DRM_READn() and + DRM_WRITEn() macros to access the registers on your device, or + use driver specific versions to offset into your MMIO space + relative to a driver specific base pointer (see I915_READ for + example). + </para> + <para> + If your device supports interrupt generation, you may want to + setup an interrupt handler at driver load time as well. This + is done using the drm_irq_install() function. If your device + supports vertical blank interrupts, it should call + drm_vblank_init() to initialize the core vblank handling code before + enabling interrupts on your device. This ensures the vblank related + structures are allocated and allows the core to handle vblank events. + </para> +<!--!Fdrivers/char/drm/drm_irq.c drm_irq_install--> + <para> + Once your interrupt handler is registered (it'll use your + drm_driver.irq_handler as the actual interrupt handling + function), you can safely enable interrupts on your device, + assuming any other state your interrupt handler uses is also + initialized. + </para> + <para> + Another task that may be necessary during configuration is + mapping the video BIOS. On many devices, the VBIOS describes + device configuration, LCD panel timings (if any), and contains + flags indicating device state. Mapping the BIOS can be done + using the pci_map_rom() call, a convenience function that + takes care of mapping the actual ROM, whether it has been + shadowed into memory (typically at address 0xc0000) or exists + on the PCI device in the ROM BAR. Note that once you've + mapped the ROM and extracted any necessary information, be + sure to unmap it; on many devices the ROM address decoder is + shared with other BARs, so leaving it mapped can cause + undesired behavior like hangs or memory corruption. +<!--!Fdrivers/pci/rom.c pci_map_rom--> + </para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>Memory manager initialization</title> + <para> + In order to allocate command buffers, cursor memory, scanout + buffers, etc., as well as support the latest features provided + by packages like Mesa and the X.Org X server, your driver + should support a memory manager. + </para> + <para> + If your driver supports memory management (it should!), you'll + need to set that up at load time as well. How you initialize + it depends on which memory manager you're using, TTM or GEM. + </para> + <sect3> + <title>TTM initialization</title> + <para> + TTM (for Translation Table Manager) manages video memory and + aperture space for graphics devices. TTM supports both UMA devices + and devices with dedicated video RAM (VRAM), i.e. most discrete + graphics devices. If your device has dedicated RAM, supporting + TTM is desirable. TTM also integrates tightly with your + driver specific buffer execution function. See the radeon + driver for examples. + </para> + <para> + The core TTM structure is the ttm_bo_driver struct. It contains + several fields with function pointers for initializing the TTM, + allocating and freeing memory, waiting for command completion + and fence synchronization, and memory migration. See the + radeon_ttm.c file for an example of usage. + </para> + <para> + The ttm_global_reference structure is made up of several fields: + </para> + <programlisting> + struct ttm_global_reference { + enum ttm_global_types global_type; + size_t size; + void *object; + int (*init) (struct ttm_global_reference *); + void (*release) (struct ttm_global_reference *); + }; + </programlisting> + <para> + There should be one global reference structure for your memory + manager as a whole, and there will be others for each object + created by the memory manager at runtime. Your global TTM should + have a type of TTM_GLOBAL_TTM_MEM. The size field for the global + object should be sizeof(struct ttm_mem_global), and the init and + release hooks should point at your driver specific init and + release routines, which will probably eventually call + ttm_mem_global_init and ttm_mem_global_release respectively. + </para> + <para> + Once your global TTM accounting structure is set up and initialized + (done by calling ttm_global_item_ref on the global object you + just created), you'll need to create a buffer object TTM to + provide a pool for buffer object allocation by clients and the + kernel itself. The type of this object should be TTM_GLOBAL_TTM_BO, + and its size should be sizeof(struct ttm_bo_global). Again, + driver specific init and release functions can be provided, + likely eventually calling ttm_bo_global_init and + ttm_bo_global_release, respectively. Also like the previous + object, ttm_global_item_ref is used to create an initial reference + count for the TTM, which will call your initialization function. + </para> + </sect3> + <sect3> + <title>GEM initialization</title> + <para> + GEM is an alternative to TTM, designed specifically for UMA + devices. It has simpler initialization and execution requirements + than TTM, but has no VRAM management capability. Core GEM + initialization is comprised of a basic drm_mm_init call to create + a GTT DRM MM object, which provides an address space pool for + object allocation. In a KMS configuration, the driver will + need to allocate and initialize a command ring buffer following + basic GEM initialization. Most UMA devices have a so-called + "stolen" memory region, which provides space for the initial + framebuffer and large, contiguous memory regions required by the + device. This space is not typically managed by GEM, and must + be initialized separately into its own DRM MM object. + </para> + <para> + Initialization will be driver specific, and will depend on + the architecture of the device. In the case of Intel + integrated graphics chips like 965GM, GEM initialization can + be done by calling the internal GEM init function, + i915_gem_do_init(). Since the 965GM is a UMA device + (i.e. it doesn't have dedicated VRAM), GEM will manage + making regular RAM available for GPU operations. Memory set + aside by the BIOS (called "stolen" memory by the i915 + driver) will be managed by the DRM memrange allocator; the + rest of the aperture will be managed by GEM. + <programlisting> + /* Basic memrange allocator for stolen space (aka vram) */ + drm_memrange_init(&dev_priv->vram, 0, prealloc_size); + /* Let GEM Manage from end of prealloc space to end of aperture */ + i915_gem_do_init(dev, prealloc_size, agp_size); + </programlisting> +<!--!Edrivers/char/drm/drm_memrange.c--> + </para> + <para> + Once the memory manager has been set up, we can allocate the + command buffer. In the i915 case, this is also done with a + GEM function, i915_gem_init_ringbuffer(). + </para> + </sect3> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>Output configuration</title> + <para> + The final initialization task is output configuration. This involves + finding and initializing the CRTCs, encoders and connectors + for your device, creating an initial configuration and + registering a framebuffer console driver. + </para> + <sect3> + <title>Output discovery and initialization</title> + <para> + Several core functions exist to create CRTCs, encoders and + connectors, namely drm_crtc_init(), drm_connector_init() and + drm_encoder_init(), along with several "helper" functions to + perform common tasks. + </para> + <para> + Connectors should be registered with sysfs once they've been + detected and initialized, using the + drm_sysfs_connector_add() function. Likewise, when they're + removed from the system, they should be destroyed with + drm_sysfs_connector_remove(). + </para> + <programlisting> +<![CDATA[ +void intel_crt_init(struct drm_device *dev) +{ + struct drm_connector *connector; + struct intel_output *intel_output; + + intel_output = kzalloc(sizeof(struct intel_output), GFP_KERNEL); + if (!intel_output) + return; + + connector = &intel_output->base; + drm_connector_init(dev, &intel_output->base, + &intel_crt_connector_funcs, DRM_MODE_CONNECTOR_VGA); + + drm_encoder_init(dev, &intel_output->enc, &intel_crt_enc_funcs, + DRM_MODE_ENCODER_DAC); + + drm_mode_connector_attach_encoder(&intel_output->base, + &intel_output->enc); + + /* Set up the DDC bus. */ + intel_output->ddc_bus = intel_i2c_create(dev, GPIOA, "CRTDDC_A"); + if (!intel_output->ddc_bus) { + dev_printk(KERN_ERR, &dev->pdev->dev, "DDC bus registration " + "failed.\n"); + return; + } + + intel_output->type = INTEL_OUTPUT_ANALOG; + connector->interlace_allowed = 0; + connector->doublescan_allowed = 0; + + drm_encoder_helper_add(&intel_output->enc, &intel_crt_helper_funcs); + drm_connector_helper_add(connector, &intel_crt_connector_helper_funcs); + + drm_sysfs_connector_add(connector); +} +]]> + </programlisting> + <para> + In the example above (again, taken from the i915 driver), a + CRT connector and encoder combination is created. A device + specific i2c bus is also created, for fetching EDID data and + performing monitor detection. Once the process is complete, + the new connector is registered with sysfs, to make its + properties available to applications. + </para> + <sect4> + <title>Helper functions and core functions</title> + <para> + Since many PC-class graphics devices have similar display output + designs, the DRM provides a set of helper functions to make + output management easier. The core helper routines handle + encoder re-routing and disabling of unused functions following + mode set. Using the helpers is optional, but recommended for + devices with PC-style architectures (i.e. a set of display planes + for feeding pixels to encoders which are in turn routed to + connectors). Devices with more complex requirements needing + finer grained management can opt to use the core callbacks + directly. + </para> + <para> + [Insert typical diagram here.] [Insert OMAP style config here.] + </para> + </sect4> + <para> + For each encoder, CRTC and connector, several functions must + be provided, depending on the object type. Encoder objects + need to provide a DPMS (basically on/off) function, mode fixup + (for converting requested modes into native hardware timings), + and prepare, set and commit functions for use by the core DRM + helper functions. Connector helpers need to provide mode fetch and + validity functions as well as an encoder matching function for + returning an ideal encoder for a given connector. The core + connector functions include a DPMS callback, (deprecated) + save/restore routines, detection, mode probing, property handling, + and cleanup functions. + </para> +<!--!Edrivers/char/drm/drm_crtc.h--> +<!--!Edrivers/char/drm/drm_crtc.c--> +<!--!Edrivers/char/drm/drm_crtc_helper.c--> + </sect3> + </sect2> + </sect1> + + <!-- Internals: vblank handling --> + + <sect1> + <title>VBlank event handling</title> + <para> + The DRM core exposes two vertical blank related ioctls: + DRM_IOCTL_WAIT_VBLANK and DRM_IOCTL_MODESET_CTL. +<!--!Edrivers/char/drm/drm_irq.c--> + </para> + <para> + DRM_IOCTL_WAIT_VBLANK takes a struct drm_wait_vblank structure + as its argument, and is used to block or request a signal when a + specified vblank event occurs. + </para> + <para> + DRM_IOCTL_MODESET_CTL should be called by application level + drivers before and after mode setting, since on many devices the + vertical blank counter will be reset at that time. Internally, + the DRM snapshots the last vblank count when the ioctl is called + with the _DRM_PRE_MODESET command so that the counter won't go + backwards (which is dealt with when _DRM_POST_MODESET is used). + </para> + <para> + To support the functions above, the DRM core provides several + helper functions for tracking vertical blank counters, and + requires drivers to provide several callbacks: + get_vblank_counter(), enable_vblank() and disable_vblank(). The + core uses get_vblank_counter() to keep the counter accurate + across interrupt disable periods. It should return the current + vertical blank event count, which is often tracked in a device + register. The enable and disable vblank callbacks should enable + and disable vertical blank interrupts, respectively. In the + absence of DRM clients waiting on vblank events, the core DRM + code will use the disable_vblank() function to disable + interrupts, which saves power. They'll be re-enabled again when + a client calls the vblank wait ioctl above. + </para> + <para> + Devices that don't provide a count register can simply use an + internal atomic counter incremented on every vertical blank + interrupt, and can make their enable and disable vblank + functions into no-ops. + </para> + </sect1> + + <sect1> + <title>Memory management</title> + <para> + The memory manager lies at the heart of many DRM operations, and + is also required to support advanced client features like OpenGL + pbuffers. The DRM currently contains two memory managers, TTM + and GEM. + </para> + + <sect2> + <title>The Translation Table Manager (TTM)</title> + <para> + TTM was developed by Tungsten Graphics, primarily by Thomas + Hellström, and is intended to be a flexible, high performance + graphics memory manager. + </para> + <para> + Drivers wishing to support TTM must fill out a drm_bo_driver + structure. + </para> + <para> + TTM design background and information belongs here. + </para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>The Graphics Execution Manager (GEM)</title> + <para> + GEM is an Intel project, authored by Eric Anholt and Keith + Packard. It provides simpler interfaces than TTM, and is well + suited for UMA devices. + </para> + <para> + GEM-enabled drivers must provide gem_init_object() and + gem_free_object() callbacks to support the core memory + allocation routines. They should also provide several driver + specific ioctls to support command execution, pinning, buffer + read & write, mapping, and domain ownership transfers. + </para> + <para> + On a fundamental level, GEM involves several operations: memory + allocation and freeing, command execution, and aperture management + at command execution time. Buffer object allocation is relatively + straightforward and largely provided by Linux's shmem layer, which + provides memory to back each object. When mapped into the GTT + or used in a command buffer, the backing pages for an object are + flushed to memory and marked write combined so as to be coherent + with the GPU. Likewise, when the GPU finishes rendering to an object, + if the CPU accesses it, it must be made coherent with the CPU's view + of memory, usually involving GPU cache flushing of various kinds. + This core CPU<->GPU coherency management is provided by the GEM + set domain function, which evaluates an object's current domain and + performs any necessary flushing or synchronization to put the object + into the desired coherency domain (note that the object may be busy, + i.e. an active render target; in that case the set domain function + will block the client and wait for rendering to complete before + performing any necessary flushing operations). + </para> + <para> + Perhaps the most important GEM function is providing a command + execution interface to clients. Client programs construct command + buffers containing references to previously allocated memory objects + and submit them to GEM. At that point, GEM will take care to bind + all the objects into the GTT, execute the buffer, and provide + necessary synchronization between clients accessing the same buffers. + This often involves evicting some objects from the GTT and re-binding + others (a fairly expensive operation), and providing relocation + support which hides fixed GTT offsets from clients. Clients must + take care not to submit command buffers that reference more objects + than can fit in the GTT or GEM will reject them and no rendering + will occur. Similarly, if several objects in the buffer require + fence registers to be allocated for correct rendering (e.g. 2D blits + on pre-965 chips), care must be taken not to require more fence + registers than are available to the client. Such resource management + should be abstracted from the client in libdrm. + </para> + </sect2> + + </sect1> + + <!-- Output management --> + <sect1> + <title>Output management</title> + <para> + At the core of the DRM output management code is a set of + structures representing CRTCs, encoders and connectors. + </para> + <para> + A CRTC is an abstraction representing a part of the chip that + contains a pointer to a scanout buffer. Therefore, the number + of CRTCs available determines how many independent scanout + buffers can be active at any given time. The CRTC structure + contains several fields to support this: a pointer to some video + memory, a display mode, and an (x, y) offset into the video + memory to support panning or configurations where one piece of + video memory spans multiple CRTCs. + </para> + <para> + An encoder takes pixel data from a CRTC and converts it to a + format suitable for any attached connectors. On some devices, + it may be possible to have a CRTC send data to more than one + encoder. In that case, both encoders would receive data from + the same scanout buffer, resulting in a "cloned" display + configuration across the connectors attached to each encoder. + </para> + <para> + A connector is the final destination for pixel data on a device, + and usually connects directly to an external display device like + a monitor or laptop panel. A connector can only be attached to + one encoder at a time. The connector is also the structure + where information about the attached display is kept, so it + contains fields for display data, EDID data, DPMS & + connection status, and information about modes supported on the + attached displays. + </para> +<!--!Edrivers/char/drm/drm_crtc.c--> + </sect1> + + <sect1> + <title>Framebuffer management</title> + <para> + In order to set a mode on a given CRTC, encoder and connector + configuration, clients need to provide a framebuffer object which + will provide a source of pixels for the CRTC to deliver to the encoder(s) + and ultimately the connector(s) in the configuration. A framebuffer + is fundamentally a driver specific memory object, made into an opaque + handle by the DRM addfb function. Once an fb has been created this + way it can be passed to the KMS mode setting routines for use in + a configuration. + </para> + </sect1> + + <sect1> + <title>Command submission & fencing</title> + <para> + This should cover a few device specific command submission + implementations. + </para> + </sect1> + + <sect1> + <title>Suspend/resume</title> + <para> + The DRM core provides some suspend/resume code, but drivers + wanting full suspend/resume support should provide save() and + restore() functions. These will be called at suspend, + hibernate, or resume time, and should perform any state save or + restore required by your device across suspend or hibernate + states. + </para> + </sect1> + + <sect1> + <title>DMA services</title> + <para> + This should cover how DMA mapping etc. is supported by the core. + These functions are deprecated and should not be used. + </para> + </sect1> + </chapter> + + <!-- External interfaces --> + + <chapter id="drmExternals"> + <title>Userland interfaces</title> + <para> + The DRM core exports several interfaces to applications, + generally intended to be used through corresponding libdrm + wrapper functions. In addition, drivers export device specific + interfaces for use by userspace drivers & device aware + applications through ioctls and sysfs files. + </para> + <para> + External interfaces include: memory mapping, context management, + DMA operations, AGP management, vblank control, fence + management, memory management, and output management. + </para> + <para> + Cover generic ioctls and sysfs layout here. Only need high + level info, since man pages will cover the rest. + </para> + </chapter> + + <!-- API reference --> + + <appendix id="drmDriverApi"> + <title>DRM Driver API</title> + <para> + Include auto-generated API reference here (need to reference it + from paragraphs above too). + </para> + </appendix> + +</book> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/dvb/dvbapi.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/dvb/dvbapi.xml index 63c528f..e3a97fd 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/dvb/dvbapi.xml +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/dvb/dvbapi.xml @@ -12,10 +12,12 @@ <othername role="mi">O. C.</othername> <affiliation><address><email>rjkm@metzlerbros.de</email></address></affiliation> </author> +</authorgroup> +<authorgroup> <author> <firstname>Mauro</firstname> -<surname>Chehab</surname> <othername role="mi">Carvalho</othername> +<surname>Chehab</surname> <affiliation><address><email>mchehab@redhat.com</email></address></affiliation> <contrib>Ported document to Docbook XML.</contrib> </author> @@ -23,13 +25,24 @@ <copyright> <year>2002</year> <year>2003</year> - <year>2009</year> <holder>Convergence GmbH</holder> </copyright> +<copyright> + <year>2009-2010</year> + <holder>Mauro Carvalho Chehab</holder> +</copyright> <revhistory> <!-- Put document revisions here, newest first. --> <revision> + <revnumber>2.0.3</revnumber> + <date>2010-07-03</date> + <authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials> + <revremark> + Add some frontend capabilities flags, present on kernel, but missing at the specs. + </revremark> +</revision> +<revision> <revnumber>2.0.2</revnumber> <date>2009-10-25</date> <authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials> @@ -63,7 +76,7 @@ Added ISDB-T test originally written by Patrick Boettcher <title>LINUX DVB API</title> -<subtitle>Version 3</subtitle> +<subtitle>Version 5.2</subtitle> <!-- ADD THE CHAPTERS HERE --> <chapter id="dvb_introdution"> &sub-intro; diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/dvb/frontend.h.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/dvb/frontend.h.xml index b99644f..d08e0d4 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/dvb/frontend.h.xml +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/dvb/frontend.h.xml @@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ typedef enum fe_caps { FE_CAN_8VSB = 0x200000, FE_CAN_16VSB = 0x400000, FE_HAS_EXTENDED_CAPS = 0x800000, /* We need more bitspace for newer APIs, indicate this. */ + FE_CAN_TURBO_FEC = 0x8000000, /* frontend supports "turbo fec modulation" */ FE_CAN_2G_MODULATION = 0x10000000, /* frontend supports "2nd generation modulation" (DVB-S2) */ FE_NEEDS_BENDING = 0x20000000, /* not supported anymore, don't use (frontend requires frequency bending) */ FE_CAN_RECOVER = 0x40000000, /* frontend can recover from a cable unplug automatically */ diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/dvb/frontend.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/dvb/frontend.xml index 300ba1f..78d756d 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/dvb/frontend.xml +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/dvb/frontend.xml @@ -64,8 +64,14 @@ a specific frontend type.</para> FE_CAN_BANDWIDTH_AUTO = 0x40000, FE_CAN_GUARD_INTERVAL_AUTO = 0x80000, FE_CAN_HIERARCHY_AUTO = 0x100000, - FE_CAN_MUTE_TS = 0x80000000, - FE_CAN_CLEAN_SETUP = 0x40000000 + FE_CAN_8VSB = 0x200000, + FE_CAN_16VSB = 0x400000, + FE_HAS_EXTENDED_CAPS = 0x800000, + FE_CAN_TURBO_FEC = 0x8000000, + FE_CAN_2G_MODULATION = 0x10000000, + FE_NEEDS_BENDING = 0x20000000, + FE_CAN_RECOVER = 0x40000000, + FE_CAN_MUTE_TS = 0x80000000 } fe_caps_t; </programlisting> </section> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl index 44b3def..a20c6f6 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl @@ -132,7 +132,6 @@ X!Ilib/string.c <title>FIFO Buffer</title> <sect1><title>kfifo interface</title> !Iinclude/linux/kfifo.h -!Ekernel/kfifo.c </sect1> </chapter> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/kgdb.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/kgdb.tmpl index 5cff41a..490d862 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/kgdb.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/kgdb.tmpl @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ <book id="kgdbOnLinux"> <bookinfo> - <title>Using kgdb and the kgdb Internals</title> + <title>Using kgdb, kdb and the kernel debugger internals</title> <authorgroup> <author> @@ -17,33 +17,8 @@ </affiliation> </author> </authorgroup> - - <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Tom</firstname> - <surname>Rini</surname> - <affiliation> - <address> - <email>trini@kernel.crashing.org</email> - </address> - </affiliation> - </author> - </authorgroup> - - <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Amit S.</firstname> - <surname>Kale</surname> - <affiliation> - <address> - <email>amitkale@linsyssoft.com</email> - </address> - </affiliation> - </author> - </authorgroup> - <copyright> - <year>2008</year> + <year>2008,2010</year> <holder>Wind River Systems, Inc.</holder> </copyright> <copyright> @@ -69,41 +44,76 @@ <chapter id="Introduction"> <title>Introduction</title> <para> - kgdb is a source level debugger for linux kernel. It is used along - with gdb to debug a linux kernel. The expectation is that gdb can - be used to "break in" to the kernel to inspect memory, variables - and look through call stack information similar to what an - application developer would use gdb for. It is possible to place - breakpoints in kernel code and perform some limited execution - stepping. + The kernel has two different debugger front ends (kdb and kgdb) + which interface to the debug core. It is possible to use either + of the debugger front ends and dynamically transition between them + if you configure the kernel properly at compile and runtime. + </para> + <para> + Kdb is simplistic shell-style interface which you can use on a + system console with a keyboard or serial console. You can use it + to inspect memory, registers, process lists, dmesg, and even set + breakpoints to stop in a certain location. Kdb is not a source + level debugger, although you can set breakpoints and execute some + basic kernel run control. Kdb is mainly aimed at doing some + analysis to aid in development or diagnosing kernel problems. You + can access some symbols by name in kernel built-ins or in kernel + modules if the code was built + with <symbol>CONFIG_KALLSYMS</symbol>. + </para> + <para> + Kgdb is intended to be used as a source level debugger for the + Linux kernel. It is used along with gdb to debug a Linux kernel. + The expectation is that gdb can be used to "break in" to the + kernel to inspect memory, variables and look through call stack + information similar to the way an application developer would use + gdb to debug an application. It is possible to place breakpoints + in kernel code and perform some limited execution stepping. </para> <para> - Two machines are required for using kgdb. One of these machines is a - development machine and the other is a test machine. The kernel - to be debugged runs on the test machine. The development machine - runs an instance of gdb against the vmlinux file which contains - the symbols (not boot image such as bzImage, zImage, uImage...). - In gdb the developer specifies the connection parameters and - connects to kgdb. The type of connection a developer makes with - gdb depends on the availability of kgdb I/O modules compiled as - builtin's or kernel modules in the test machine's kernel. + Two machines are required for using kgdb. One of these machines is + a development machine and the other is the target machine. The + kernel to be debugged runs on the target machine. The development + machine runs an instance of gdb against the vmlinux file which + contains the symbols (not boot image such as bzImage, zImage, + uImage...). In gdb the developer specifies the connection + parameters and connects to kgdb. The type of connection a + developer makes with gdb depends on the availability of kgdb I/O + modules compiled as built-ins or loadable kernel modules in the test + machine's kernel. </para> </chapter> <chapter id="CompilingAKernel"> - <title>Compiling a kernel</title> + <title>Compiling a kernel</title> + <para> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>In order to enable compilation of kdb, you must first enable kgdb.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>The kgdb test compile options are described in the kgdb test suite chapter.</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </para> + <sect1 id="CompileKGDB"> + <title>Kernel config options for kgdb</title> <para> To enable <symbol>CONFIG_KGDB</symbol> you should first turn on "Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers" (CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL) in "General setup", then under the - "Kernel debugging" select "KGDB: kernel debugging with remote gdb". + "Kernel debugging" select "KGDB: kernel debugger". + </para> + <para> + While it is not a hard requirement that you have symbols in your + vmlinux file, gdb tends not to be very useful without the symbolic + data, so you will want to turn + on <symbol>CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO</symbol> which is called "Compile the + kernel with debug info" in the config menu. </para> <para> It is advised, but not required that you turn on the - CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER kernel option. This option inserts code to - into the compiled executable which saves the frame information in - registers or on the stack at different points which will allow a - debugger such as gdb to more accurately construct stack back traces - while debugging the kernel. + <symbol>CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER</symbol> kernel option which is called "Compile the + kernel with frame pointers" in the config menu. This option + inserts code to into the compiled executable which saves the frame + information in registers or on the stack at different points which + allows a debugger such as gdb to more accurately construct + stack back traces while debugging the kernel. </para> <para> If the architecture that you are using supports the kernel option @@ -116,38 +126,192 @@ this option. </para> <para> - Next you should choose one of more I/O drivers to interconnect debugging - host and debugged target. Early boot debugging requires a KGDB - I/O driver that supports early debugging and the driver must be - built into the kernel directly. Kgdb I/O driver configuration - takes place via kernel or module parameters, see following - chapter. + Next you should choose one of more I/O drivers to interconnect + debugging host and debugged target. Early boot debugging requires + a KGDB I/O driver that supports early debugging and the driver + must be built into the kernel directly. Kgdb I/O driver + configuration takes place via kernel or module parameters which + you can learn more about in the in the section that describes the + parameter "kgdboc". </para> - <para> - The kgdb test compile options are described in the kgdb test suite chapter. + <para>Here is an example set of .config symbols to enable or + disable for kgdb: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para># CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA is not set</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER=y</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>CONFIG_KGDB=y</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>CONFIG_KGDB_SERIAL_CONSOLE=y</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> </para> - + </sect1> + <sect1 id="CompileKDB"> + <title>Kernel config options for kdb</title> + <para>Kdb is quite a bit more complex than the simple gdbstub + sitting on top of the kernel's debug core. Kdb must implement a + shell, and also adds some helper functions in other parts of the + kernel, responsible for printing out interesting data such as what + you would see if you ran "lsmod", or "ps". In order to build kdb + into the kernel you follow the same steps as you would for kgdb. + </para> + <para>The main config option for kdb + is <symbol>CONFIG_KGDB_KDB</symbol> which is called "KGDB_KDB: + include kdb frontend for kgdb" in the config menu. In theory you + would have already also selected an I/O driver such as the + CONFIG_KGDB_SERIAL_CONSOLE interface if you plan on using kdb on a + serial port, when you were configuring kgdb. + </para> + <para>If you want to use a PS/2-style keyboard with kdb, you would + select CONFIG_KDB_KEYBOARD which is called "KGDB_KDB: keyboard as + input device" in the config menu. The CONFIG_KDB_KEYBOARD option + is not used for anything in the gdb interface to kgdb. The + CONFIG_KDB_KEYBOARD option only works with kdb. + </para> + <para>Here is an example set of .config symbols to enable/disable kdb: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para># CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA is not set</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER=y</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>CONFIG_KGDB=y</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>CONFIG_KGDB_SERIAL_CONSOLE=y</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>CONFIG_KGDB_KDB=y</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>CONFIG_KDB_KEYBOARD=y</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </para> + </sect1> </chapter> - <chapter id="EnableKGDB"> - <title>Enable kgdb for debugging</title> - <para> - In order to use kgdb you must activate it by passing configuration - information to one of the kgdb I/O drivers. If you do not pass any - configuration information kgdb will not do anything at all. Kgdb - will only actively hook up to the kernel trap hooks if a kgdb I/O - driver is loaded and configured. If you unconfigure a kgdb I/O - driver, kgdb will unregister all the kernel hook points. + <chapter id="kgdbKernelArgs"> + <title>Kernel Debugger Boot Arguments</title> + <para>This section describes the various runtime kernel + parameters that affect the configuration of the kernel debugger. + The following chapter covers using kdb and kgdb as well as + provides some examples of the configuration parameters.</para> + <sect1 id="kgdboc"> + <title>Kernel parameter: kgdboc</title> + <para>The kgdboc driver was originally an abbreviation meant to + stand for "kgdb over console". Today it is the primary mechanism + to configure how to communicate from gdb to kgdb as well as the + devices you want to use to interact with the kdb shell. + </para> + <para>For kgdb/gdb, kgdboc is designed to work with a single serial + port. It is intended to cover the circumstance where you want to + use a serial console as your primary console as well as using it to + perform kernel debugging. It is also possible to use kgdb on a + serial port which is not designated as a system console. Kgdboc + may be configured as a kernel built-in or a kernel loadable module. + You can only make use of <constant>kgdbwait</constant> and early + debugging if you build kgdboc into the kernel as a built-in. + <para>Optionally you can elect to activate kms (Kernel Mode + Setting) integration. When you use kms with kgdboc and you have a + video driver that has atomic mode setting hooks, it is possible to + enter the debugger on the graphics console. When the kernel + execution is resumed, the previous graphics mode will be restored. + This integration can serve as a useful tool to aid in diagnosing + crashes or doing analysis of memory with kdb while allowing the + full graphics console applications to run. + </para> + </para> + <sect2 id="kgdbocArgs"> + <title>kgdboc arguments</title> + <para>Usage: <constant>kgdboc=[kms][[,]kbd][[,]serial_device][,baud]</constant></para> + <para>The order listed above must be observed if you use any of the + optional configurations together. </para> + <para>Abbreviations: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>kms = Kernel Mode Setting</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>kbd = Keyboard</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </para> + <para>You can configure kgdboc to use the keyboard, and or a serial + device depending on if you are using kdb and or kgdb, in one of the + following scenarios. The order listed above must be observed if + you use any of the optional configurations together. Using kms + + only gdb is generally not a useful combination.</para> + <sect3 id="kgdbocArgs1"> + <title>Using loadable module or built-in</title> <para> - All drivers can be reconfigured at run time, if - <symbol>CONFIG_SYSFS</symbol> and <symbol>CONFIG_MODULES</symbol> - are enabled, by echo'ing a new config string to - <constant>/sys/module/<driver>/parameter/<option></constant>. - The driver can be unconfigured by passing an empty string. You cannot - change the configuration while the debugger is attached. Make sure - to detach the debugger with the <constant>detach</constant> command - prior to trying unconfigure a kgdb I/O driver. + <orderedlist> + <listitem><para>As a kernel built-in:</para> + <para>Use the kernel boot argument: <constant>kgdboc=<tty-device>,[baud]</constant></para></listitem> + <listitem> + <para>As a kernel loadable module:</para> + <para>Use the command: <constant>modprobe kgdboc kgdboc=<tty-device>,[baud]</constant></para> + <para>Here are two examples of how you might format the kgdboc + string. The first is for an x86 target using the first serial port. + The second example is for the ARM Versatile AB using the second + serial port. + <orderedlist> + <listitem><para><constant>kgdboc=ttyS0,115200</constant></para></listitem> + <listitem><para><constant>kgdboc=ttyAMA1,115200</constant></para></listitem> + </orderedlist> + </para> + </listitem> + </orderedlist></para> + </sect3> + <sect3 id="kgdbocArgs2"> + <title>Configure kgdboc at runtime with sysfs</title> + <para>At run time you can enable or disable kgdboc by echoing a + parameters into the sysfs. Here are two examples:</para> + <orderedlist> + <listitem><para>Enable kgdboc on ttyS0</para> + <para><constant>echo ttyS0 > /sys/module/kgdboc/parameters/kgdboc</constant></para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Disable kgdboc</para> + <para><constant>echo "" > /sys/module/kgdboc/parameters/kgdboc</constant></para></listitem> + </orderedlist> + <para>NOTE: You do not need to specify the baud if you are + configuring the console on tty which is already configured or + open.</para> + </sect3> + <sect3 id="kgdbocArgs3"> + <title>More examples</title> + <para>You can configure kgdboc to use the keyboard, and or a serial + device depending on if you are using kdb and or kgdb, in one of the + following scenarios.</para> + <para>You can configure kgdboc to use the keyboard, and or a serial device + depending on if you are using kdb and or kgdb, in one of the + following scenarios. + <orderedlist> + <listitem><para>kdb and kgdb over only a serial port</para> + <para><constant>kgdboc=<serial_device>[,baud]</constant></para> + <para>Example: <constant>kgdboc=ttyS0,115200</constant></para> + </listitem> + <listitem><para>kdb and kgdb with keyboard and a serial port</para> + <para><constant>kgdboc=kbd,<serial_device>[,baud]</constant></para> + <para>Example: <constant>kgdboc=kbd,ttyS0,115200</constant></para> + </listitem> + <listitem><para>kdb with a keyboard</para> + <para><constant>kgdboc=kbd</constant></para> + </listitem> + <listitem><para>kdb with kernel mode setting</para> + <para><constant>kgdboc=kms,kbd</constant></para> + </listitem> + <listitem><para>kdb with kernel mode setting and kgdb over a serial port</para> + <para><constant>kgdboc=kms,kbd,ttyS0,115200</constant></para> + </listitem> + </orderedlist> + </para> + </sect3> + <para>NOTE: Kgdboc does not support interrupting the target via the + gdb remote protocol. You must manually send a sysrq-g unless you + have a proxy that splits console output to a terminal program. + A console proxy has a separate TCP port for the debugger and a separate + TCP port for the "human" console. The proxy can take care of sending + the sysrq-g for you. </para> + <para>When using kgdboc with no debugger proxy, you can end up + connecting the debugger at one of two entry points. If an + exception occurs after you have loaded kgdboc, a message should + print on the console stating it is waiting for the debugger. In + this case you disconnect your terminal program and then connect the + debugger in its place. If you want to interrupt the target system + and forcibly enter a debug session you have to issue a Sysrq + sequence and then type the letter <constant>g</constant>. Then + you disconnect the terminal session and connect gdb. Your options + if you don't like this are to hack gdb to send the sysrq-g for you + as well as on the initial connect, or to use a debugger proxy that + allows an unmodified gdb to do the debugging. + </para> + </sect2> + </sect1> <sect1 id="kgdbwait"> <title>Kernel parameter: kgdbwait</title> <para> @@ -162,103 +326,204 @@ </para> <para> The kernel will stop and wait as early as the I/O driver and - architecture will allow when you use this option. If you build the - kgdb I/O driver as a kernel module kgdbwait will not do anything. + architecture allows when you use this option. If you build the + kgdb I/O driver as a loadable kernel module kgdbwait will not do + anything. </para> </sect1> - <sect1 id="kgdboc"> - <title>Kernel parameter: kgdboc</title> - <para> - The kgdboc driver was originally an abbreviation meant to stand for - "kgdb over console". Kgdboc is designed to work with a single - serial port. It was meant to cover the circumstance - where you wanted to use a serial console as your primary console as - well as using it to perform kernel debugging. Of course you can - also use kgdboc without assigning a console to the same port. + <sect1 id="kgdbcon"> + <title>Kernel parameter: kgdbcon</title> + <para> The kgdbcon feature allows you to see printk() messages + inside gdb while gdb is connected to the kernel. Kdb does not make + use of the kgdbcon feature. + </para> + <para>Kgdb supports using the gdb serial protocol to send console + messages to the debugger when the debugger is connected and running. + There are two ways to activate this feature. + <orderedlist> + <listitem><para>Activate with the kernel command line option:</para> + <para><constant>kgdbcon</constant></para> + </listitem> + <listitem><para>Use sysfs before configuring an I/O driver</para> + <para> + <constant>echo 1 > /sys/module/kgdb/parameters/kgdb_use_con</constant> + </para> + <para> + NOTE: If you do this after you configure the kgdb I/O driver, the + setting will not take effect until the next point the I/O is + reconfigured. + </para> + </listitem> + </orderedlist> + <para>IMPORTANT NOTE: You cannot use kgdboc + kgdbcon on a tty that is an + active system console. An example incorrect usage is <constant>console=ttyS0,115200 kgdboc=ttyS0 kgdbcon</constant> + </para> + <para>It is possible to use this option with kgdboc on a tty that is not a system console. + </para> </para> - <sect2 id="UsingKgdboc"> - <title>Using kgdboc</title> - <para> - You can configure kgdboc via sysfs or a module or kernel boot line - parameter depending on if you build with CONFIG_KGDBOC as a module - or built-in. - <orderedlist> - <listitem><para>From the module load or build-in</para> - <para><constant>kgdboc=<tty-device>,[baud]</constant></para> + </sect1> + </chapter> + <chapter id="usingKDB"> + <title>Using kdb</title> <para> - The example here would be if your console port was typically ttyS0, you would use something like <constant>kgdboc=ttyS0,115200</constant> or on the ARM Versatile AB you would likely use <constant>kgdboc=ttyAMA0,115200</constant> + </para> + <sect1 id="quickKDBserial"> + <title>Quick start for kdb on a serial port</title> + <para>This is a quick example of how to use kdb.</para> + <para><orderedlist> + <listitem><para>Boot kernel with arguments: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para><constant>console=ttyS0,115200 kgdboc=ttyS0,115200</constant></para></listitem> + </itemizedlist></para> + <para>OR</para> + <para>Configure kgdboc after the kernel booted; assuming you are using a serial port console: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para><constant>echo ttyS0 > /sys/module/kgdboc/parameters/kgdboc</constant></para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> </para> </listitem> - <listitem><para>From sysfs</para> - <para><constant>echo ttyS0 > /sys/module/kgdboc/parameters/kgdboc</constant></para> + <listitem><para>Enter the kernel debugger manually or by waiting for an oops or fault. There are several ways you can enter the kernel debugger manually; all involve using the sysrq-g, which means you must have enabled CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ=y in your kernel config.</para> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>When logged in as root or with a super user session you can run:</para> + <para><constant>echo g > /proc/sysrq-trigger</constant></para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Example using minicom 2.2</para> + <para>Press: <constant>Control-a</constant></para> + <para>Press: <constant>f</constant></para> + <para>Press: <constant>g</constant></para> </listitem> - </orderedlist> - </para> - <para> - NOTE: Kgdboc does not support interrupting the target via the - gdb remote protocol. You must manually send a sysrq-g unless you - have a proxy that splits console output to a terminal problem and - has a separate port for the debugger to connect to that sends the - sysrq-g for you. + <listitem><para>When you have telneted to a terminal server that supports sending a remote break</para> + <para>Press: <constant>Control-]</constant></para> + <para>Type in:<constant>send break</constant></para> + <para>Press: <constant>Enter</constant></para> + <para>Press: <constant>g</constant></para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </listitem> + <listitem><para>From the kdb prompt you can run the "help" command to see a complete list of the commands that are available.</para> + <para>Some useful commands in kdb include: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>lsmod -- Shows where kernel modules are loaded</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>ps -- Displays only the active processes</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>ps A -- Shows all the processes</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>summary -- Shows kernel version info and memory usage</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>bt -- Get a backtrace of the current process using dump_stack()</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>dmesg -- View the kernel syslog buffer</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>go -- Continue the system</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> </para> - <para>When using kgdboc with no debugger proxy, you can end up - connecting the debugger for one of two entry points. If an - exception occurs after you have loaded kgdboc a message should print - on the console stating it is waiting for the debugger. In case you - disconnect your terminal program and then connect the debugger in - its place. If you want to interrupt the target system and forcibly - enter a debug session you have to issue a Sysrq sequence and then - type the letter <constant>g</constant>. Then you disconnect the - terminal session and connect gdb. Your options if you don't like - this are to hack gdb to send the sysrq-g for you as well as on the - initial connect, or to use a debugger proxy that allows an - unmodified gdb to do the debugging. + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>When you are done using kdb you need to consider rebooting the + system or using the "go" command to resuming normal kernel + execution. If you have paused the kernel for a lengthy period of + time, applications that rely on timely networking or anything to do + with real wall clock time could be adversely affected, so you + should take this into consideration when using the kernel + debugger.</para> + </listitem> + </orderedlist></para> + </sect1> + <sect1 id="quickKDBkeyboard"> + <title>Quick start for kdb using a keyboard connected console</title> + <para>This is a quick example of how to use kdb with a keyboard.</para> + <para><orderedlist> + <listitem><para>Boot kernel with arguments: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para><constant>kgdboc=kbd</constant></para></listitem> + </itemizedlist></para> + <para>OR</para> + <para>Configure kgdboc after the kernel booted: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para><constant>echo kbd > /sys/module/kgdboc/parameters/kgdboc</constant></para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> </para> - </sect2> + </listitem> + <listitem><para>Enter the kernel debugger manually or by waiting for an oops or fault. There are several ways you can enter the kernel debugger manually; all involve using the sysrq-g, which means you must have enabled CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ=y in your kernel config.</para> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>When logged in as root or with a super user session you can run:</para> + <para><constant>echo g > /proc/sysrq-trigger</constant></para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Example using a laptop keyboard</para> + <para>Press and hold down: <constant>Alt</constant></para> + <para>Press and hold down: <constant>Fn</constant></para> + <para>Press and release the key with the label: <constant>SysRq</constant></para> + <para>Release: <constant>Fn</constant></para> + <para>Press and release: <constant>g</constant></para> + <para>Release: <constant>Alt</constant></para> + </listitem> + <listitem><para>Example using a PS/2 101-key keyboard</para> + <para>Press and hold down: <constant>Alt</constant></para> + <para>Press and release the key with the label: <constant>SysRq</constant></para> + <para>Press and release: <constant>g</constant></para> + <para>Release: <constant>Alt</constant></para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>Now type in a kdb command such as "help", "dmesg", "bt" or "go" to continue kernel execution.</para> + </listitem> + </orderedlist></para> </sect1> - <sect1 id="kgdbcon"> - <title>Kernel parameter: kgdbcon</title> - <para> - Kgdb supports using the gdb serial protocol to send console messages - to the debugger when the debugger is connected and running. There - are two ways to activate this feature. + </chapter> + <chapter id="EnableKGDB"> + <title>Using kgdb / gdb</title> + <para>In order to use kgdb you must activate it by passing + configuration information to one of the kgdb I/O drivers. If you + do not pass any configuration information kgdb will not do anything + at all. Kgdb will only actively hook up to the kernel trap hooks + if a kgdb I/O driver is loaded and configured. If you unconfigure + a kgdb I/O driver, kgdb will unregister all the kernel hook points. + </para> + <para> All kgdb I/O drivers can be reconfigured at run time, if + <symbol>CONFIG_SYSFS</symbol> and <symbol>CONFIG_MODULES</symbol> + are enabled, by echo'ing a new config string to + <constant>/sys/module/<driver>/parameter/<option></constant>. + The driver can be unconfigured by passing an empty string. You cannot + change the configuration while the debugger is attached. Make sure + to detach the debugger with the <constant>detach</constant> command + prior to trying to unconfigure a kgdb I/O driver. + </para> + <sect1 id="ConnectingGDB"> + <title>Connecting with gdb to a serial port</title> <orderedlist> - <listitem><para>Activate with the kernel command line option:</para> - <para><constant>kgdbcon</constant></para> + <listitem><para>Configure kgdboc</para> + <para>Boot kernel with arguments: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para><constant>kgdboc=ttyS0,115200</constant></para></listitem> + </itemizedlist></para> + <para>OR</para> + <para>Configure kgdboc after the kernel booted: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para><constant>echo ttyS0 > /sys/module/kgdboc/parameters/kgdboc</constant></para></listitem> + </itemizedlist></para> </listitem> - <listitem><para>Use sysfs before configuring an io driver</para> - <para> - <constant>echo 1 > /sys/module/kgdb/parameters/kgdb_use_con</constant> - </para> - <para> - NOTE: If you do this after you configure the kgdb I/O driver, the - setting will not take effect until the next point the I/O is - reconfigured. - </para> + <listitem> + <para>Stop kernel execution (break into the debugger)</para> + <para>In order to connect to gdb via kgdboc, the kernel must + first be stopped. There are several ways to stop the kernel which + include using kgdbwait as a boot argument, via a sysrq-g, or running + the kernel until it takes an exception where it waits for the + debugger to attach. + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>When logged in as root or with a super user session you can run:</para> + <para><constant>echo g > /proc/sysrq-trigger</constant></para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Example using minicom 2.2</para> + <para>Press: <constant>Control-a</constant></para> + <para>Press: <constant>f</constant></para> + <para>Press: <constant>g</constant></para> </listitem> - </orderedlist> - </para> - <para> - IMPORTANT NOTE: Using this option with kgdb over the console - (kgdboc) is not supported. + <listitem><para>When you have telneted to a terminal server that supports sending a remote break</para> + <para>Press: <constant>Control-]</constant></para> + <para>Type in:<constant>send break</constant></para> + <para>Press: <constant>Enter</constant></para> + <para>Press: <constant>g</constant></para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> </para> - </sect1> - </chapter> - <chapter id="ConnectingGDB"> - <title>Connecting gdb</title> - <para> - If you are using kgdboc, you need to have used kgdbwait as a boot - argument, issued a sysrq-g, or the system you are going to debug - has already taken an exception and is waiting for the debugger to - attach before you can connect gdb. - </para> - <para> - If you are not using different kgdb I/O driver other than kgdboc, - you should be able to connect and the target will automatically - respond. - </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>Connect from from gdb</para> <para> - Example (using a serial port): + Example (using a directly connected port): </para> <programlisting> % gdb ./vmlinux @@ -266,7 +531,7 @@ (gdb) target remote /dev/ttyS0 </programlisting> <para> - Example (kgdb to a terminal server on tcp port 2012): + Example (kgdb to a terminal server on TCP port 2012): </para> <programlisting> % gdb ./vmlinux @@ -283,6 +548,83 @@ communications. You do this prior to issuing the <constant>target remote</constant> command by typing in: <constant>set debug remote 1</constant> </para> + </listitem> + </orderedlist> + <para>Remember if you continue in gdb, and need to "break in" again, + you need to issue an other sysrq-g. It is easy to create a simple + entry point by putting a breakpoint at <constant>sys_sync</constant> + and then you can run "sync" from a shell or script to break into the + debugger.</para> + </sect1> + </chapter> + <chapter id="switchKdbKgdb"> + <title>kgdb and kdb interoperability</title> + <para>It is possible to transition between kdb and kgdb dynamically. + The debug core will remember which you used the last time and + automatically start in the same mode.</para> + <sect1> + <title>Switching between kdb and kgdb</title> + <sect2> + <title>Switching from kgdb to kdb</title> + <para> + There are two ways to switch from kgdb to kdb: you can use gdb to + issue a maintenance packet, or you can blindly type the command $3#33. + Whenever kernel debugger stops in kgdb mode it will print the + message <constant>KGDB or $3#33 for KDB</constant>. It is important + to note that you have to type the sequence correctly in one pass. + You cannot type a backspace or delete because kgdb will interpret + that as part of the debug stream. + <orderedlist> + <listitem><para>Change from kgdb to kdb by blindly typing:</para> + <para><constant>$3#33</constant></para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Change from kgdb to kdb with gdb</para> + <para><constant>maintenance packet 3</constant></para> + <para>NOTE: Now you must kill gdb. Typically you press control-z and + issue the command: kill -9 %</para></listitem> + </orderedlist> + </para> + </sect2> + <sect2> + <title>Change from kdb to kgdb</title> + <para>There are two ways you can change from kdb to kgdb. You can + manually enter kgdb mode by issuing the kgdb command from the kdb + shell prompt, or you can connect gdb while the kdb shell prompt is + active. The kdb shell looks for the typical first commands that gdb + would issue with the gdb remote protocol and if it sees one of those + commands it automatically changes into kgdb mode.</para> + <orderedlist> + <listitem><para>From kdb issue the command:</para> + <para><constant>kgdb</constant></para> + <para>Now disconnect your terminal program and connect gdb in its place</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>At the kdb prompt, disconnect the terminal program and connect gdb in its place.</para></listitem> + </orderedlist> + </sect2> + </sect1> + <sect1> + <title>Running kdb commands from gdb</title> + <para>It is possible to run a limited set of kdb commands from gdb, + using the gdb monitor command. You don't want to execute any of the + run control or breakpoint operations, because it can disrupt the + state of the kernel debugger. You should be using gdb for + breakpoints and run control operations if you have gdb connected. + The more useful commands to run are things like lsmod, dmesg, ps or + possibly some of the memory information commands. To see all the kdb + commands you can run <constant>monitor help</constant>.</para> + <para>Example: + <informalexample><programlisting> +(gdb) monitor ps +1 idle process (state I) and +27 sleeping system daemon (state M) processes suppressed, +use 'ps A' to see all. +Task Addr Pid Parent [*] cpu State Thread Command + +0xc78291d0 1 0 0 0 S 0xc7829404 init +0xc7954150 942 1 0 0 S 0xc7954384 dropbear +0xc78789c0 944 1 0 0 S 0xc7878bf4 sh +(gdb) + </programlisting></informalexample> + </para> + </sect1> </chapter> <chapter id="KGDBTestSuite"> <title>kgdb Test Suite</title> @@ -309,34 +651,38 @@ </para> </chapter> <chapter id="CommonBackEndReq"> - <title>KGDB Internals</title> + <title>Kernel Debugger Internals</title> <sect1 id="kgdbArchitecture"> <title>Architecture Specifics</title> <para> - Kgdb is organized into three basic components: + The kernel debugger is organized into a number of components: <orderedlist> - <listitem><para>kgdb core</para> + <listitem><para>The debug core</para> <para> - The kgdb core is found in kernel/kgdb.c. It contains: + The debug core is found in kernel/debugger/debug_core.c. It contains: <itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>All the logic to implement the gdb serial protocol</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>A generic OS exception handler which includes sync'ing the processors into a stopped state on an multi cpu system.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>A generic OS exception handler which includes + sync'ing the processors into a stopped state on an multi-CPU + system.</para></listitem> <listitem><para>The API to talk to the kgdb I/O drivers</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>The API to make calls to the arch specific kgdb implementation</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>The API to make calls to the arch-specific kgdb implementation</para></listitem> <listitem><para>The logic to perform safe memory reads and writes to memory while using the debugger</para></listitem> <listitem><para>A full implementation for software breakpoints unless overridden by the arch</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>The API to invoke either the kdb or kgdb frontend to the debug core.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>The structures and callback API for atomic kernel mode setting.</para> + <para>NOTE: kgdboc is where the kms callbacks are invoked.</para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </para> </listitem> - <listitem><para>kgdb arch specific implementation</para> + <listitem><para>kgdb arch-specific implementation</para> <para> This implementation is generally found in arch/*/kernel/kgdb.c. As an example, arch/x86/kernel/kgdb.c contains the specifics to implement HW breakpoint as well as the initialization to dynamically register and unregister for the trap handlers on - this architecture. The arch specific portion implements: + this architecture. The arch-specific portion implements: <itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>contains an arch specific trap catcher which + <listitem><para>contains an arch-specific trap catcher which invokes kgdb_handle_exception() to start kgdb about doing its work</para></listitem> <listitem><para>translation to and from gdb specific packet format to pt_regs</para></listitem> @@ -347,11 +693,35 @@ </itemizedlist> </para> </listitem> + <listitem><para>gdbstub frontend (aka kgdb)</para> + <para>The gdbstub is located in kernel/debug/gdbstub.c. It contains:</para> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>All the logic to implement the gdb serial protocol</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </listitem> + <listitem><para>kdb frontend</para> + <para>The kdb debugger shell is broken down into a number of + components. The kdb core is located in kernel/debug/kdb. There + are a number of helper functions in some of the other kernel + components to make it possible for kdb to examine and report + information about the kernel without taking locks that could + cause a kernel deadlock. The kdb core contains implements the following functionality.</para> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>A simple shell</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>The kdb core command set</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>A registration API to register additional kdb shell commands.</para> + <para>A good example of a self-contained kdb module is the "ftdump" command for dumping the ftrace buffer. See: kernel/trace/trace_kdb.c</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>The implementation for kdb_printf() which + emits messages directly to I/O drivers, bypassing the kernel + log.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>SW / HW breakpoint management for the kdb shell</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </listitem> <listitem><para>kgdb I/O driver</para> <para> - Each kgdb I/O driver has to provide an implemenation for the following: + Each kgdb I/O driver has to provide an implementation for the following: <itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>configuration via builtin or module</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>configuration via built-in or module</para></listitem> <listitem><para>dynamic configuration and kgdb hook registration calls</para></listitem> <listitem><para>read and write character interface</para></listitem> <listitem><para>A cleanup handler for unconfiguring from the kgdb core</para></listitem> @@ -411,20 +781,19 @@ </sect1> <sect1 id="kgdbocDesign"> <title>kgdboc internals</title> + <sect2> + <title>kgdboc and uarts</title> <para> The kgdboc driver is actually a very thin driver that relies on the underlying low level to the hardware driver having "polling hooks" which the to which the tty driver is attached. In the initial implementation of kgdboc it the serial_core was changed to expose a - low level uart hook for doing polled mode reading and writing of a + low level UART hook for doing polled mode reading and writing of a single character while in an atomic context. When kgdb makes an I/O - request to the debugger, kgdboc invokes a call back in the serial - core which in turn uses the call back in the uart driver. It is - certainly possible to extend kgdboc to work with non-uart based - consoles in the future. - </para> + request to the debugger, kgdboc invokes a callback in the serial + core which in turn uses the callback in the UART driver.</para> <para> - When using kgdboc with a uart, the uart driver must implement two callbacks in the <constant>struct uart_ops</constant>. Example from drivers/8250.c:<programlisting> + When using kgdboc with a UART, the UART driver must implement two callbacks in the <constant>struct uart_ops</constant>. Example from drivers/8250.c:<programlisting> #ifdef CONFIG_CONSOLE_POLL .poll_get_char = serial8250_get_poll_char, .poll_put_char = serial8250_put_poll_char, @@ -434,11 +803,70 @@ <constant>#ifdef CONFIG_CONSOLE_POLL</constant>, as shown above. Keep in mind that polling hooks have to be implemented in such a way that they can be called from an atomic context and have to restore - the state of the uart chip on return such that the system can return + the state of the UART chip on return such that the system can return to normal when the debugger detaches. You need to be very careful - with any kind of lock you consider, because failing here is most + with any kind of lock you consider, because failing here is most likely going to mean pressing the reset button. </para> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="kgdbocKbd"> + <title>kgdboc and keyboards</title> + <para>The kgdboc driver contains logic to configure communications + with an attached keyboard. The keyboard infrastructure is only + compiled into the kernel when CONFIG_KDB_KEYBOARD=y is set in the + kernel configuration.</para> + <para>The core polled keyboard driver driver for PS/2 type keyboards + is in drivers/char/kdb_keyboard.c. This driver is hooked into the + debug core when kgdboc populates the callback in the array + called <constant>kdb_poll_funcs[]</constant>. The + kdb_get_kbd_char() is the top-level function which polls hardware + for single character input. + </para> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="kgdbocKms"> + <title>kgdboc and kms</title> + <para>The kgdboc driver contains logic to request the graphics + display to switch to a text context when you are using + "kgdboc=kms,kbd", provided that you have a video driver which has a + frame buffer console and atomic kernel mode setting support.</para> + <para> + Every time the kernel + debugger is entered it calls kgdboc_pre_exp_handler() which in turn + calls con_debug_enter() in the virtual console layer. On resuming kernel + execution, the kernel debugger calls kgdboc_post_exp_handler() which + in turn calls con_debug_leave().</para> + <para>Any video driver that wants to be compatible with the kernel + debugger and the atomic kms callbacks must implement the + mode_set_base_atomic, fb_debug_enter and fb_debug_leave operations. + For the fb_debug_enter and fb_debug_leave the option exists to use + the generic drm fb helper functions or implement something custom for + the hardware. The following example shows the initialization of the + .mode_set_base_atomic operation in + drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c: + <informalexample> + <programlisting> +static const struct drm_crtc_helper_funcs intel_helper_funcs = { +[...] + .mode_set_base_atomic = intel_pipe_set_base_atomic, +[...] +}; + </programlisting> + </informalexample> + </para> + <para>Here is an example of how the i915 driver initializes the fb_debug_enter and fb_debug_leave functions to use the generic drm helpers in + drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_fb.c: + <informalexample> + <programlisting> +static struct fb_ops intelfb_ops = { +[...] + .fb_debug_enter = drm_fb_helper_debug_enter, + .fb_debug_leave = drm_fb_helper_debug_leave, +[...] +}; + </programlisting> + </informalexample> + </para> + </sect2> </sect1> </chapter> <chapter id="credits"> @@ -453,6 +881,10 @@ <itemizedlist> <listitem><para>Jason Wessel<email>jason.wessel@windriver.com</email></para></listitem> </itemizedlist> + In Jan 2010 this document was updated to include kdb. + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>Jason Wessel<email>jason.wessel@windriver.com</email></para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> </para> </chapter> </book> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl index ff3e5be..8c5411c 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl @@ -81,16 +81,14 @@ void (*port_disable) (struct ata_port *); </programlisting> <para> - Called from ata_bus_probe() and ata_bus_reset() error paths, - as well as when unregistering from the SCSI module (rmmod, hot - unplug). + Called from ata_bus_probe() error path, as well as when + unregistering from the SCSI module (rmmod, hot unplug). This function should do whatever needs to be done to take the port out of use. In most cases, ata_port_disable() can be used as this hook. </para> <para> Called from ata_bus_probe() on a failed probe. - Called from ata_bus_reset() on a failed bus reset. Called from ata_scsi_release(). </para> @@ -227,6 +225,18 @@ u8 (*sff_check_altstatus)(struct ata_port *ap); </sect2> + <sect2><title>Write specific ATA shadow register</title> + <programlisting> +void (*sff_set_devctl)(struct ata_port *ap, u8 ctl); + </programlisting> + + <para> + Write the device control ATA shadow register to the hardware. + Most drivers don't need to define this. + </para> + + </sect2> + <sect2><title>Select ATA device on bus</title> <programlisting> void (*sff_dev_select)(struct ata_port *ap, unsigned int device); @@ -477,7 +487,7 @@ void (*host_stop) (struct ata_host_set *host_set); allocates space for a legacy IDE PRD table and returns. </para> <para> - ->port_stop() is called after ->host_stop(). It's sole function + ->port_stop() is called after ->host_stop(). Its sole function is to release DMA/memory resources, now that they are no longer actively being used. Many drivers also free driver-private data from port at this time. diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/media-entities.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/media-entities.tmpl index c725cb8..6ae9715 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/media-entities.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/media-entities.tmpl @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ <!ENTITY VIDIOC-DBG-G-REGISTER "<link linkend='vidioc-dbg-g-register'><constant>VIDIOC_DBG_G_REGISTER</constant></link>"> <!ENTITY VIDIOC-DBG-S-REGISTER "<link linkend='vidioc-dbg-g-register'><constant>VIDIOC_DBG_S_REGISTER</constant></link>"> <!ENTITY VIDIOC-DQBUF "<link linkend='vidioc-qbuf'><constant>VIDIOC_DQBUF</constant></link>"> +<!ENTITY VIDIOC-DQEVENT "<link linkend='vidioc-dqevent'><constant>VIDIOC_DQEVENT</constant></link>"> <!ENTITY VIDIOC-ENCODER-CMD "<link linkend='vidioc-encoder-cmd'><constant>VIDIOC_ENCODER_CMD</constant></link>"> <!ENTITY VIDIOC-ENUMAUDIO "<link linkend='vidioc-enumaudio'><constant>VIDIOC_ENUMAUDIO</constant></link>"> <!ENTITY VIDIOC-ENUMAUDOUT "<link linkend='vidioc-enumaudioout'><constant>VIDIOC_ENUMAUDOUT</constant></link>"> @@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ <!ENTITY VIDIOC-REQBUFS "<link linkend='vidioc-reqbufs'><constant>VIDIOC_REQBUFS</constant></link>"> <!ENTITY VIDIOC-STREAMOFF "<link linkend='vidioc-streamon'><constant>VIDIOC_STREAMOFF</constant></link>"> <!ENTITY VIDIOC-STREAMON "<link linkend='vidioc-streamon'><constant>VIDIOC_STREAMON</constant></link>"> +<!ENTITY VIDIOC-SUBSCRIBE-EVENT "<link linkend='vidioc-subscribe-event'><constant>VIDIOC_SUBSCRIBE_EVENT</constant></link>"> <!ENTITY VIDIOC-S-AUDIO "<link linkend='vidioc-g-audio'><constant>VIDIOC_S_AUDIO</constant></link>"> <!ENTITY VIDIOC-S-AUDOUT "<link linkend='vidioc-g-audioout'><constant>VIDIOC_S_AUDOUT</constant></link>"> <!ENTITY VIDIOC-S-CROP "<link linkend='vidioc-g-crop'><constant>VIDIOC_S_CROP</constant></link>"> @@ -83,6 +85,7 @@ <!ENTITY VIDIOC-TRY-ENCODER-CMD "<link linkend='vidioc-encoder-cmd'><constant>VIDIOC_TRY_ENCODER_CMD</constant></link>"> <!ENTITY VIDIOC-TRY-EXT-CTRLS "<link linkend='vidioc-g-ext-ctrls'><constant>VIDIOC_TRY_EXT_CTRLS</constant></link>"> <!ENTITY VIDIOC-TRY-FMT "<link linkend='vidioc-g-fmt'><constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant></link>"> +<!ENTITY VIDIOC-UNSUBSCRIBE-EVENT "<link linkend='vidioc-subscribe-event'><constant>VIDIOC_UNSUBSCRIBE_EVENT</constant></link>"> <!-- Types --> <!ENTITY v4l2-std-id "<link linkend='v4l2-std-id'>v4l2_std_id</link>"> @@ -141,6 +144,9 @@ <!ENTITY v4l2-enc-idx "struct <link linkend='v4l2-enc-idx'>v4l2_enc_idx</link>"> <!ENTITY v4l2-enc-idx-entry "struct <link linkend='v4l2-enc-idx-entry'>v4l2_enc_idx_entry</link>"> <!ENTITY v4l2-encoder-cmd "struct <link linkend='v4l2-encoder-cmd'>v4l2_encoder_cmd</link>"> +<!ENTITY v4l2-event "struct <link linkend='v4l2-event'>v4l2_event</link>"> +<!ENTITY v4l2-event-subscription "struct <link linkend='v4l2-event-subscription'>v4l2_event_subscription</link>"> +<!ENTITY v4l2-event-vsync "struct <link linkend='v4l2-event-vsync'>v4l2_event_vsync</link>"> <!ENTITY v4l2-ext-control "struct <link linkend='v4l2-ext-control'>v4l2_ext_control</link>"> <!ENTITY v4l2-ext-controls "struct <link linkend='v4l2-ext-controls'>v4l2_ext_controls</link>"> <!ENTITY v4l2-fmtdesc "struct <link linkend='v4l2-fmtdesc'>v4l2_fmtdesc</link>"> @@ -200,6 +206,7 @@ <!ENTITY sub-controls SYSTEM "v4l/controls.xml"> <!ENTITY sub-dev-capture SYSTEM "v4l/dev-capture.xml"> <!ENTITY sub-dev-codec SYSTEM "v4l/dev-codec.xml"> +<!ENTITY sub-dev-event SYSTEM "v4l/dev-event.xml"> <!ENTITY sub-dev-effect SYSTEM "v4l/dev-effect.xml"> <!ENTITY sub-dev-osd SYSTEM "v4l/dev-osd.xml"> <!ENTITY sub-dev-output SYSTEM "v4l/dev-output.xml"> @@ -211,6 +218,7 @@ <!ENTITY sub-dev-teletext SYSTEM "v4l/dev-teletext.xml"> <!ENTITY sub-driver SYSTEM "v4l/driver.xml"> <!ENTITY sub-libv4l SYSTEM "v4l/libv4l.xml"> +<!ENTITY sub-lirc_device_interface SYSTEM "v4l/lirc_device_interface.xml"> <!ENTITY sub-remote_controllers SYSTEM "v4l/remote_controllers.xml"> <!ENTITY sub-fdl-appendix SYSTEM "v4l/fdl-appendix.xml"> <!ENTITY sub-close SYSTEM "v4l/func-close.xml"> @@ -292,6 +300,8 @@ <!ENTITY sub-v4l2grab-c SYSTEM "v4l/v4l2grab.c.xml"> <!ENTITY sub-videodev2-h SYSTEM "v4l/videodev2.h.xml"> <!ENTITY sub-v4l2 SYSTEM "v4l/v4l2.xml"> +<!ENTITY sub-dqevent SYSTEM "v4l/vidioc-dqevent.xml"> +<!ENTITY sub-subscribe-event SYSTEM "v4l/vidioc-subscribe-event.xml"> <!ENTITY sub-intro SYSTEM "dvb/intro.xml"> <!ENTITY sub-frontend SYSTEM "dvb/frontend.xml"> <!ENTITY sub-dvbproperty SYSTEM "dvb/dvbproperty.xml"> @@ -381,3 +391,5 @@ <!ENTITY reqbufs SYSTEM "v4l/vidioc-reqbufs.xml"> <!ENTITY s-hw-freq-seek SYSTEM "v4l/vidioc-s-hw-freq-seek.xml"> <!ENTITY streamon SYSTEM "v4l/vidioc-streamon.xml"> +<!ENTITY dqevent SYSTEM "v4l/vidioc-dqevent.xml"> +<!ENTITY subscribe_event SYSTEM "v4l/vidioc-subscribe-event.xml"> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/media.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/media.tmpl index eea564b..f11048d 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/media.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/media.tmpl @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ <title>LINUX MEDIA INFRASTRUCTURE API</title> <copyright> - <year>2009</year> + <year>2009-2010</year> <holder>LinuxTV Developers</holder> </copyright> @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Foundation. A copy of the license is included in the chapter entitled in fact it covers several different video standards including DVB-T, DVB-S, DVB-C and ATSC. The API is currently being updated to documment support also for DVB-S2, ISDB-T and ISDB-S.</para> - <para>The third part covers other API's used by all media infrastructure devices</para> + <para>The third part covers Remote Controller API</para> <para>For additional information and for the latest development code, see: <ulink url="http://linuxtv.org">http://linuxtv.org</ulink>.</para> <para>For discussing improvements, reporting troubles, sending new drivers, etc, please mail to: <ulink url="http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html#linux-media">Linux Media Mailing List (LMML).</ulink>.</para> @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Foundation. A copy of the license is included in the chapter entitled </author> </authorgroup> <copyright> - <year>2009</year> + <year>2009-2010</year> <holder>Mauro Carvalho Chehab</holder> </copyright> @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Foundation. A copy of the license is included in the chapter entitled </revhistory> </partinfo> -<title>Other API's used by media infrastructure drivers</title> +<title>Remote Controller API</title> <chapter id="remote_controllers"> &sub-remote_controllers; </chapter> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/mtdnand.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/mtdnand.tmpl index 133cd6c..020ac80 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/mtdnand.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/mtdnand.tmpl @@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ static void board_hwcontrol(struct mtd_info *mtd, int cmd) information about the device. </para> <programlisting> -int __init board_init (void) +static int __init board_init (void) { struct nand_chip *this; int err = 0; diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/scsi.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/scsi.tmpl index d87f456..324b534 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/scsi.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/scsi.tmpl @@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ </para> <para> For documentation see - <ulink url='http://www.torque.net/sg/sdebug26.html'>http://www.torque.net/sg/sdebug26.html</ulink> + <ulink url='http://sg.danny.cz/sg/sdebug26.html'>http://sg.danny.cz/sg/sdebug26.html</ulink> </para> <!-- !Edrivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c --> </sect2> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/sh.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/sh.tmpl index 0c3dc4c..d858d92 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/sh.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/sh.tmpl @@ -19,13 +19,17 @@ </authorgroup> <copyright> - <year>2008</year> + <year>2008-2010</year> <holder>Paul Mundt</holder> </copyright> <copyright> - <year>2008</year> + <year>2008-2010</year> <holder>Renesas Technology Corp.</holder> </copyright> + <copyright> + <year>2010</year> + <holder>Renesas Electronics Corp.</holder> + </copyright> <legalnotice> <para> @@ -77,7 +81,7 @@ </chapter> <chapter id="clk"> <title>Clock Framework Extensions</title> -!Iarch/sh/include/asm/clock.h +!Iinclude/linux/sh_clk.h </chapter> <chapter id="mach"> <title>Machine Specific Interfaces</title> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/stylesheet.xsl b/Documentation/DocBook/stylesheet.xsl index 254c1d5..85b2527 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/stylesheet.xsl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/stylesheet.xsl @@ -6,4 +6,5 @@ <param name="callout.graphics">0</param> <!-- <param name="paper.type">A4</param> --> <param name="generate.section.toc.level">2</param> +<param name="use.id.as.filename">1</param> </stylesheet> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/compat.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/compat.xml index b9dbdf9..54447f0 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/compat.xml +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/compat.xml @@ -1091,8 +1091,9 @@ signed 64-bit integer. Output devices should not send a buffer out until the time in the timestamp field has arrived. I would like to follow SGI's lead, and adopt a multimedia timestamping system like their UST (Unadjusted System Time). See -http://reality.sgi.com/cpirazzi_engr/lg/time/intro.html. [This link is -no longer valid.] UST uses timestamps that are 64-bit signed integers +http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://reality.sgi.com +/cpirazzi_engr/lg/time/intro.html. +UST uses timestamps that are 64-bit signed integers (not struct timeval's) and given in nanosecond units. The UST clock starts at zero when the system is booted and runs continuously and uniformly. It takes a little over 292 years for UST to overflow. There @@ -2332,15 +2333,26 @@ more information.</para> </listitem> </orderedlist> </section> - </section> + <section> + <title>V4L2 in Linux 2.6.34</title> + <orderedlist> + <listitem> + <para>Added +<constant>V4L2_CID_IRIS_ABSOLUTE</constant> and +<constant>V4L2_CID_IRIS_RELATIVE</constant> controls to the + <link linkend="camera-controls">Camera controls class</link>. + </para> + </listitem> + </orderedlist> + </section> - <section id="other"> - <title>Relation of V4L2 to other Linux multimedia APIs</title> + <section id="other"> + <title>Relation of V4L2 to other Linux multimedia APIs</title> - <section id="xvideo"> - <title>X Video Extension</title> + <section id="xvideo"> + <title>X Video Extension</title> - <para>The X Video Extension (abbreviated XVideo or just Xv) is + <para>The X Video Extension (abbreviated XVideo or just Xv) is an extension of the X Window system, implemented for example by the XFree86 project. Its scope is similar to V4L2, an API to video capture and output devices for X clients. Xv allows applications to display @@ -2351,7 +2363,7 @@ capture or output still images in XPixmaps<footnote> extension available across many operating systems and architectures.</para> - <para>Because the driver is embedded into the X server Xv has a + <para>Because the driver is embedded into the X server Xv has a number of advantages over the V4L2 <link linkend="overlay">video overlay interface</link>. The driver can easily determine the overlay target, &ie; visible graphics memory or off-screen buffers for a @@ -2360,16 +2372,16 @@ overlay, scaling or color-keying, or the clipping functions of the video capture hardware, always in sync with drawing operations or windows moving or changing their stacking order.</para> - <para>To combine the advantages of Xv and V4L a special Xv + <para>To combine the advantages of Xv and V4L a special Xv driver exists in XFree86 and XOrg, just programming any overlay capable Video4Linux device it finds. To enable it <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> must contain these lines:</para> - <para><screen> + <para><screen> Section "Module" Load "v4l" EndSection</screen></para> - <para>As of XFree86 4.2 this driver still supports only V4L + <para>As of XFree86 4.2 this driver still supports only V4L ioctls, however it should work just fine with all V4L2 devices through the V4L2 backward-compatibility layer. Since V4L2 permits multiple opens it is possible (if supported by the V4L2 driver) to capture @@ -2377,83 +2389,84 @@ video while an X client requested video overlay. Restrictions of simultaneous capturing and overlay are discussed in <xref linkend="overlay" /> apply.</para> - <para>Only marginally related to V4L2, XFree86 extended Xv to + <para>Only marginally related to V4L2, XFree86 extended Xv to support hardware YUV to RGB conversion and scaling for faster video playback, and added an interface to MPEG-2 decoding hardware. This API is useful to display images captured with V4L2 devices.</para> - </section> + </section> - <section> - <title>Digital Video</title> + <section> + <title>Digital Video</title> - <para>V4L2 does not support digital terrestrial, cable or + <para>V4L2 does not support digital terrestrial, cable or satellite broadcast. A separate project aiming at digital receivers exists. You can find its homepage at <ulink url="http://linuxtv.org">http://linuxtv.org</ulink>. The Linux DVB API has no connection to the V4L2 API except that drivers for hybrid hardware may support both.</para> - </section> + </section> - <section> - <title>Audio Interfaces</title> + <section> + <title>Audio Interfaces</title> - <para>[to do - OSS/ALSA]</para> + <para>[to do - OSS/ALSA]</para> + </section> </section> - </section> - <section id="experimental"> - <title>Experimental API Elements</title> + <section id="experimental"> + <title>Experimental API Elements</title> - <para>The following V4L2 API elements are currently experimental + <para>The following V4L2 API elements are currently experimental and may change in the future.</para> - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>Video Output Overlay (OSD) Interface, <xref + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para>Video Output Overlay (OSD) Interface, <xref linkend="osd" />.</para> - </listitem> + </listitem> <listitem> - <para><constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY</constant>, + <para><constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY</constant>, &v4l2-buf-type;, <xref linkend="v4l2-buf-type" />.</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para><constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY</constant>, + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para><constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY</constant>, &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl, <xref linkend="device-capabilities" />.</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>&VIDIOC-ENUM-FRAMESIZES; and + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>&VIDIOC-ENUM-FRAMESIZES; and &VIDIOC-ENUM-FRAMEINTERVALS; ioctls.</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>&VIDIOC-G-ENC-INDEX; ioctl.</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>&VIDIOC-ENCODER-CMD; and &VIDIOC-TRY-ENCODER-CMD; + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>&VIDIOC-G-ENC-INDEX; ioctl.</para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>&VIDIOC-ENCODER-CMD; and &VIDIOC-TRY-ENCODER-CMD; ioctls.</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>&VIDIOC-DBG-G-REGISTER; and &VIDIOC-DBG-S-REGISTER; + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>&VIDIOC-DBG-G-REGISTER; and &VIDIOC-DBG-S-REGISTER; ioctls.</para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para>&VIDIOC-DBG-G-CHIP-IDENT; ioctl.</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </section> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para>&VIDIOC-DBG-G-CHIP-IDENT; ioctl.</para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </section> - <section id="obsolete"> - <title>Obsolete API Elements</title> + <section id="obsolete"> + <title>Obsolete API Elements</title> - <para>The following V4L2 API elements were superseded by new + <para>The following V4L2 API elements were superseded by new interfaces and should not be implemented in new drivers.</para> - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para><constant>VIDIOC_G_MPEGCOMP</constant> and + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para><constant>VIDIOC_G_MPEGCOMP</constant> and <constant>VIDIOC_S_MPEGCOMP</constant> ioctls. Use Extended Controls, <xref linkend="extended-controls" />.</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </section> </section> <!-- diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/controls.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/controls.xml index f464506..8408caa 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/controls.xml +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/controls.xml @@ -267,6 +267,12 @@ minimum value disables backlight compensation.</entry> <entry>Chroma automatic gain control.</entry> </row> <row> + <entry><constant>V4L2_CID_CHROMA_GAIN</constant></entry> + <entry>integer</entry> + <entry>Adjusts the Chroma gain control (for use when chroma AGC + is disabled).</entry> + </row> + <row> <entry><constant>V4L2_CID_COLOR_KILLER</constant></entry> <entry>boolean</entry> <entry>Enable the color killer (&ie; force a black & white image in case of a weak video signal).</entry> @@ -277,8 +283,15 @@ minimum value disables backlight compensation.</entry> <entry>Selects a color effect. Possible values for <constant>enum v4l2_colorfx</constant> are: <constant>V4L2_COLORFX_NONE</constant> (0), -<constant>V4L2_COLORFX_BW</constant> (1) and -<constant>V4L2_COLORFX_SEPIA</constant> (2).</entry> +<constant>V4L2_COLORFX_BW</constant> (1), +<constant>V4L2_COLORFX_SEPIA</constant> (2), +<constant>V4L2_COLORFX_NEGATIVE</constant> (3), +<constant>V4L2_COLORFX_EMBOSS</constant> (4), +<constant>V4L2_COLORFX_SKETCH</constant> (5), +<constant>V4L2_COLORFX_SKY_BLUE</constant> (6), +<constant>V4L2_COLORFX_GRASS_GREEN</constant> (7), +<constant>V4L2_COLORFX_SKIN_WHITEN</constant> (8) and +<constant>V4L2_COLORFX_VIVID</constant> (9).</entry> </row> <row> <entry><constant>V4L2_CID_ROTATE</constant></entry> @@ -1825,6 +1838,25 @@ wide-angle direction. The zoom speed unit is driver-specific.</entry> <row><entry></entry></row> <row> + <entry spanname="id"><constant>V4L2_CID_IRIS_ABSOLUTE</constant> </entry> + <entry>integer</entry> + </row><row><entry spanname="descr">This control sets the +camera's aperture to the specified value. The unit is undefined. +Larger values open the iris wider, smaller values close it.</entry> + </row> + <row><entry></entry></row> + + <row> + <entry spanname="id"><constant>V4L2_CID_IRIS_RELATIVE</constant> </entry> + <entry>integer</entry> + </row><row><entry spanname="descr">This control modifies the +camera's aperture by the specified amount. The unit is undefined. +Positive values open the iris one step further, negative values close +it one step further. This is a write-only control.</entry> + </row> + <row><entry></entry></row> + + <row> <entry spanname="id"><constant>V4L2_CID_PRIVACY</constant> </entry> <entry>boolean</entry> </row><row><entry spanname="descr">Prevent video from being acquired diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/dev-event.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/dev-event.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be5a98f --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/dev-event.xml @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ + <title>Event Interface</title> + + <para>The V4L2 event interface provides means for user to get + immediately notified on certain conditions taking place on a device. + This might include start of frame or loss of signal events, for + example. + </para> + + <para>To receive events, the events the user is interested in first must + be subscribed using the &VIDIOC-SUBSCRIBE-EVENT; ioctl. Once an event is + subscribed, the events of subscribed types are dequeueable using the + &VIDIOC-DQEVENT; ioctl. Events may be unsubscribed using + VIDIOC_UNSUBSCRIBE_EVENT ioctl. The special event type V4L2_EVENT_ALL may + be used to unsubscribe all the events the driver supports.</para> + + <para>The event subscriptions and event queues are specific to file + handles. Subscribing an event on one file handle does not affect + other file handles. + </para> + + <para>The information on dequeueable events is obtained by using select or + poll system calls on video devices. The V4L2 events use POLLPRI events on + poll system call and exceptions on select system call. </para> + + <!-- +Local Variables: +mode: sgml +sgml-parent-document: "v4l2.sgml" +indent-tabs-mode: nil +End: + --> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/fdl-appendix.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/fdl-appendix.xml index b6ce50d..ae22394 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/fdl-appendix.xml +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/fdl-appendix.xml @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ The GNU Free Documentation License 1.1 in DocBook Markup by Eric Baudais <baudais@okstate.edu> Maintained by the GNOME Documentation Project - http://developer.gnome.org/projects/gdp + http://live.gnome.org/DocumentationProject Version: 1.0.1 Last Modified: Nov 16, 2000 --> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/io.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/io.xml index e870330..d424886 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/io.xml +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/io.xml @@ -702,6 +702,16 @@ They can be both cleared however, then the buffer is in "dequeued" state, in the application domain to say so.</entry> </row> <row> + <entry><constant>V4L2_BUF_FLAG_ERROR</constant></entry> + <entry>0x0040</entry> + <entry>When this flag is set, the buffer has been dequeued + successfully, although the data might have been corrupted. + This is recoverable, streaming may continue as normal and + the buffer may be reused normally. + Drivers set this flag when the <constant>VIDIOC_DQBUF</constant> + ioctl is called.</entry> + </row> + <row> <entry><constant>V4L2_BUF_FLAG_KEYFRAME</constant></entry> <entry>0x0008</entry> <entry>Drivers set or clear this flag when calling the @@ -918,8 +928,8 @@ order</emphasis>.</para> <para>When the driver provides or accepts images field by field rather than interleaved, it is also important applications understand -how the fields combine to frames. We distinguish between top and -bottom fields, the <emphasis>spatial order</emphasis>: The first line +how the fields combine to frames. We distinguish between top (aka odd) and +bottom (aka even) fields, the <emphasis>spatial order</emphasis>: The first line of the top field is the first line of an interlaced frame, the first line of the bottom field is the second line of that frame.</para> @@ -972,12 +982,12 @@ between <constant>V4L2_FIELD_TOP</constant> and <row> <entry><constant>V4L2_FIELD_TOP</constant></entry> <entry>2</entry> - <entry>Images consist of the top field only.</entry> + <entry>Images consist of the top (aka odd) field only.</entry> </row> <row> <entry><constant>V4L2_FIELD_BOTTOM</constant></entry> <entry>3</entry> - <entry>Images consist of the bottom field only. + <entry>Images consist of the bottom (aka even) field only. Applications may wish to prevent a device from capturing interlaced images because they will have "comb" or "feathering" artefacts around moving objects.</entry> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/lirc_device_interface.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/lirc_device_interface.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..68134c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/lirc_device_interface.xml @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ +<section id="lirc_dev"> +<title>LIRC Device Interface</title> + + +<section id="lirc_dev_intro"> +<title>Introduction</title> + +<para>The LIRC device interface is a bi-directional interface for +transporting raw IR data between userspace and kernelspace. Fundamentally, +it is just a chardev (/dev/lircX, for X = 0, 1, 2, ...), with a number +of standard struct file_operations defined on it. With respect to +transporting raw IR data to and fro, the essential fops are read, write +and ioctl.</para> + +<para>Example dmesg output upon a driver registering w/LIRC:</para> + <blockquote> + <para>$ dmesg |grep lirc_dev</para> + <para>lirc_dev: IR Remote Control driver registered, major 248</para> + <para>rc rc0: lirc_dev: driver ir-lirc-codec (mceusb) registered at minor = 0</para> + </blockquote> + +<para>What you should see for a chardev:</para> + <blockquote> + <para>$ ls -l /dev/lirc*</para> + <para>crw-rw---- 1 root root 248, 0 Jul 2 22:20 /dev/lirc0</para> + </blockquote> +</section> + +<section id="lirc_read"> +<title>LIRC read fop</title> + +<para>The lircd userspace daemon reads raw IR data from the LIRC chardev. The +exact format of the data depends on what modes a driver supports, and what +mode has been selected. lircd obtains supported modes and sets the active mode +via the ioctl interface, detailed at <xref linkend="lirc_ioctl"/>. The generally +preferred mode is LIRC_MODE_MODE2, in which packets containing an int value +describing an IR signal are read from the chardev.</para> + +<para>See also <ulink url="http://www.lirc.org/html/technical.html">http://www.lirc.org/html/technical.html</ulink> for more info.</para> +</section> + +<section id="lirc_write"> +<title>LIRC write fop</title> + +<para>The data written to the chardev is a pulse/space sequence of integer +values. Pulses and spaces are only marked implicitly by their position. The +data must start and end with a pulse, therefore, the data must always include +an unevent number of samples. The write function must block until the data has +been transmitted by the hardware.</para> +</section> + +<section id="lirc_ioctl"> +<title>LIRC ioctl fop</title> + +<para>The LIRC device's ioctl definition is bound by the ioctl function +definition of struct file_operations, leaving us with an unsigned int +for the ioctl command and an unsigned long for the arg. For the purposes +of ioctl portability across 32-bit and 64-bit, these values are capped +to their 32-bit sizes.</para> + +<para>The following ioctls can be used to change specific hardware settings. +In general each driver should have a default set of settings. The driver +implementation is expected to re-apply the default settings when the device +is closed by user-space, so that every application opening the device can rely +on working with the default settings initially.</para> + +<variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_GET_FEATURES</term> + <listitem> + <para>Obviously, get the underlying hardware device's features. If a driver + does not announce support of certain features, calling of the corresponding + ioctls is undefined.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_GET_SEND_MODE</term> + <listitem> + <para>Get supported transmit mode. Only LIRC_MODE_PULSE is supported by lircd.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_GET_REC_MODE</term> + <listitem> + <para>Get supported receive modes. Only LIRC_MODE_MODE2 and LIRC_MODE_LIRCCODE + are supported by lircd.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_GET_SEND_CARRIER</term> + <listitem> + <para>Get carrier frequency (in Hz) currently used for transmit.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_GET_REC_CARRIER</term> + <listitem> + <para>Get carrier frequency (in Hz) currently used for IR reception.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_{G,S}ET_{SEND,REC}_DUTY_CYCLE</term> + <listitem> + <para>Get/set the duty cycle (from 0 to 100) of the carrier signal. Currently, + no special meaning is defined for 0 or 100, but this could be used to switch + off carrier generation in the future, so these values should be reserved.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_GET_REC_RESOLUTION</term> + <listitem> + <para>Some receiver have maximum resolution which is defined by internal + sample rate or data format limitations. E.g. it's common that signals can + only be reported in 50 microsecond steps. This integer value is used by + lircd to automatically adjust the aeps tolerance value in the lircd + config file.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_GET_M{IN,AX}_TIMEOUT</term> + <listitem> + <para>Some devices have internal timers that can be used to detect when + there's no IR activity for a long time. This can help lircd in detecting + that a IR signal is finished and can speed up the decoding process. + Returns an integer value with the minimum/maximum timeout that can be + set. Some devices have a fixed timeout, in that case both ioctls will + return the same value even though the timeout cannot be changed.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_GET_M{IN,AX}_FILTER_{PULSE,SPACE}</term> + <listitem> + <para>Some devices are able to filter out spikes in the incoming signal + using given filter rules. These ioctls return the hardware capabilities + that describe the bounds of the possible filters. Filter settings depend + on the IR protocols that are expected. lircd derives the settings from + all protocols definitions found in its config file.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_GET_LENGTH</term> + <listitem> + <para>Retrieves the code length in bits (only for LIRC_MODE_LIRCCODE). + Reads on the device must be done in blocks matching the bit count. + The bit could should be rounded up so that it matches full bytes.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_SET_{SEND,REC}_MODE</term> + <listitem> + <para>Set send/receive mode. Largely obsolete for send, as only + LIRC_MODE_PULSE is supported.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_SET_{SEND,REC}_CARRIER</term> + <listitem> + <para>Set send/receive carrier (in Hz).</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_SET_TRANSMITTER_MASK</term> + <listitem> + <para>This enables the given set of transmitters. The first transmitter + is encoded by the least significant bit, etc. When an invalid bit mask + is given, i.e. a bit is set, even though the device does not have so many + transitters, then this ioctl returns the number of available transitters + and does nothing otherwise.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_SET_REC_TIMEOUT</term> + <listitem> + <para>Sets the integer value for IR inactivity timeout (cf. + LIRC_GET_MIN_TIMEOUT and LIRC_GET_MAX_TIMEOUT). A value of 0 (if + supported by the hardware) disables all hardware timeouts and data should + be reported as soon as possible. If the exact value cannot be set, then + the next possible value _greater_ than the given value should be set.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_SET_REC_TIMEOUT_REPORTS</term> + <listitem> + <para>Enable (1) or disable (0) timeout reports in LIRC_MODE_MODE2. By + default, timeout reports should be turned off.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_SET_REC_FILTER_{,PULSE,SPACE}</term> + <listitem> + <para>Pulses/spaces shorter than this are filtered out by hardware. If + filters cannot be set independently for pulse/space, the corresponding + ioctls must return an error and LIRC_SET_REC_FILTER shall be used instead.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_SET_MEASURE_CARRIER_MODE</term> + <listitem> + <para>Enable (1)/disable (0) measure mode. If enabled, from the next key + press on, the driver will send LIRC_MODE2_FREQUENCY packets. By default + this should be turned off.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_SET_REC_{DUTY_CYCLE,CARRIER}_RANGE</term> + <listitem> + <para>To set a range use LIRC_SET_REC_DUTY_CYCLE_RANGE/LIRC_SET_REC_CARRIER_RANGE + with the lower bound first and later LIRC_SET_REC_DUTY_CYCLE/LIRC_SET_REC_CARRIER + with the upper bound.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_NOTIFY_DECODE</term> + <listitem> + <para>This ioctl is called by lircd whenever a successful decoding of an + incoming IR signal could be done. This can be used by supporting hardware + to give visual feedback to the user e.g. by flashing a LED.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_SETUP_{START,END}</term> + <listitem> + <para>Setting of several driver parameters can be optimized by encapsulating + the according ioctl calls with LIRC_SETUP_START/LIRC_SETUP_END. When a + driver receives a LIRC_SETUP_START ioctl it can choose to not commit + further setting changes to the hardware until a LIRC_SETUP_END is received. + But this is open to the driver implementation and every driver must also + handle parameter changes which are not encapsulated by LIRC_SETUP_START + and LIRC_SETUP_END. Drivers can also choose to ignore these ioctls.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>LIRC_SET_WIDEBAND_RECEIVER</term> + <listitem> + <para>Some receivers are equipped with special wide band receiver which is intended + to be used to learn output of existing remote. + Calling that ioctl with (1) will enable it, and with (0) disable it. + This might be useful of receivers that have otherwise narrow band receiver + that prevents them to be used with some remotes. + Wide band receiver might also be more precise + On the other hand its disadvantage it usually reduced range of reception. + Note: wide band receiver might be implictly enabled if you enable + carrier reports. In that case it will be disabled as soon as you disable + carrier reports. Trying to disable wide band receiver while carrier + reports are active will do nothing.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> +</variablelist> + +</section> +</section> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/pixfmt-packed-rgb.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/pixfmt-packed-rgb.xml index d2dd697..26e8792 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/pixfmt-packed-rgb.xml +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/pixfmt-packed-rgb.xml @@ -240,6 +240,45 @@ colorspace <constant>V4L2_COLORSPACE_SRGB</constant>.</para> <entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry> <entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry> </row> + <row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-BGR666"> + <entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR666</constant></entry> + <entry>'BGRH'</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>b<subscript>5</subscript></entry> + <entry>b<subscript>4</subscript></entry> + <entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry> + <entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry> + <entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry> + <entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry> + <entry>g<subscript>5</subscript></entry> + <entry>g<subscript>4</subscript></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry> + <entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry> + <entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry> + <entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry> + <entry>r<subscript>5</subscript></entry> + <entry>r<subscript>4</subscript></entry> + <entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry> + <entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry> + <entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> <row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-BGR24"> <entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24</constant></entry> <entry>'BGR3'</entry> @@ -700,6 +739,45 @@ defined in error. Drivers may interpret them as in <xref <entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry> <entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry> </row> + <row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-BGR666"> + <entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR666</constant></entry> + <entry>'BGRH'</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>b<subscript>5</subscript></entry> + <entry>b<subscript>4</subscript></entry> + <entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry> + <entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry> + <entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry> + <entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry> + <entry>g<subscript>5</subscript></entry> + <entry>g<subscript>4</subscript></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry> + <entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry> + <entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry> + <entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry> + <entry>r<subscript>5</subscript></entry> + <entry>r<subscript>4</subscript></entry> + <entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry> + <entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry> + <entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> <row><!-- id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-BGR24" --> <entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24</constant></entry> <entry>'BGR3'</entry> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/pixfmt.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/pixfmt.xml index 885968d..c4ad0a8 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/pixfmt.xml +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/pixfmt.xml @@ -792,6 +792,18 @@ http://www.thedirks.org/winnov/</ulink></para></entry> <entry>'YYUV'</entry> <entry>unknown</entry> </row> + <row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-Y4"> + <entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y4</constant></entry> + <entry>'Y04 '</entry> + <entry>Old 4-bit greyscale format. Only the least significant 4 bits of each byte are used, +the other bits are set to 0.</entry> + </row> + <row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-Y6"> + <entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y6</constant></entry> + <entry>'Y06 '</entry> + <entry>Old 6-bit greyscale format. Only the least significant 6 bits of each byte are used, +the other bits are set to 0.</entry> + </row> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/remote_controllers.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/remote_controllers.xml index 73f5eab..3c3b667b 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/remote_controllers.xml +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/remote_controllers.xml @@ -173,3 +173,5 @@ keymapping.</para> <para>This program demonstrates how to replace the keymap tables.</para> &sub-keytable-c; </section> + +&sub-lirc_device_interface; diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/v4l2.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/v4l2.xml index 060105a..7c3c098 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/v4l2.xml +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/v4l2.xml @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ MPEG stream embedded, sliced VBI data format in this specification. </contrib> <affiliation> <address> - <email>awalls@radix.net</email> + <email>awalls@md.metrocast.net</email> </address> </affiliation> </author> @@ -401,6 +401,7 @@ and discussions on the V4L mailing list.</revremark> <section id="ttx"> &sub-dev-teletext; </section> <section id="radio"> &sub-dev-radio; </section> <section id="rds"> &sub-dev-rds; </section> + <section id="event"> &sub-dev-event; </section> </chapter> <chapter id="driver"> @@ -426,6 +427,7 @@ and discussions on the V4L mailing list.</revremark> &sub-cropcap; &sub-dbg-g-chip-ident; &sub-dbg-g-register; + &sub-dqevent; &sub-encoder-cmd; &sub-enumaudio; &sub-enumaudioout; @@ -467,6 +469,7 @@ and discussions on the V4L mailing list.</revremark> &sub-reqbufs; &sub-s-hw-freq-seek; &sub-streamon; + &sub-subscribe-event; <!-- End of ioctls. --> &sub-mmap; &sub-munmap; diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/videodev2.h.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/videodev2.h.xml index 0683259..865b06d 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/videodev2.h.xml +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/videodev2.h.xml @@ -1018,6 +1018,13 @@ enum <link linkend="v4l2-colorfx">v4l2_colorfx</link> { V4L2_COLORFX_NONE = 0, V4L2_COLORFX_BW = 1, V4L2_COLORFX_SEPIA = 2, + V4L2_COLORFX_NEGATIVE = 3, + V4L2_COLORFX_EMBOSS = 4, + V4L2_COLORFX_SKETCH = 5, + V4L2_COLORFX_SKY_BLUE = 6, + V4L2_COLORFX_GRASS_GREEN = 7, + V4L2_COLORFX_SKIN_WHITEN = 8, + V4L2_COLORFX_VIVID = 9. }; #define V4L2_CID_AUTOBRIGHTNESS (V4L2_CID_BASE+32) #define V4L2_CID_BAND_STOP_FILTER (V4L2_CID_BASE+33) @@ -1271,6 +1278,9 @@ enum <link linkend="v4l2-exposure-auto-type">v4l2_exposure_auto_type</link> { #define V4L2_CID_PRIVACY (V4L2_CID_CAMERA_CLASS_BASE+16) +#define V4L2_CID_IRIS_ABSOLUTE (V4L2_CID_CAMERA_CLASS_BASE+17) +#define V4L2_CID_IRIS_RELATIVE (V4L2_CID_CAMERA_CLASS_BASE+18) + /* FM Modulator class control IDs */ #define V4L2_CID_FM_TX_CLASS_BASE (V4L2_CTRL_CLASS_FM_TX | 0x900) #define V4L2_CID_FM_TX_CLASS (V4L2_CTRL_CLASS_FM_TX | 1) diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-dqevent.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-dqevent.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e0a7cc --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-dqevent.xml @@ -0,0 +1,131 @@ +<refentry id="vidioc-dqevent"> + <refmeta> + <refentrytitle>ioctl VIDIOC_DQEVENT</refentrytitle> + &manvol; + </refmeta> + + <refnamediv> + <refname>VIDIOC_DQEVENT</refname> + <refpurpose>Dequeue event</refpurpose> + </refnamediv> + + <refsynopsisdiv> + <funcsynopsis> + <funcprototype> + <funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef> + <paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef> + <paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef> + <paramdef>struct v4l2_event +*<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef> + </funcprototype> + </funcsynopsis> + </refsynopsisdiv> + + <refsect1> + <title>Arguments</title> + + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term><parameter>fd</parameter></term> + <listitem> + <para>&fd;</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><parameter>request</parameter></term> + <listitem> + <para>VIDIOC_DQEVENT</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><parameter>argp</parameter></term> + <listitem> + <para></para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>Description</title> + + <para>Dequeue an event from a video device. No input is required + for this ioctl. All the fields of the &v4l2-event; structure are + filled by the driver. The file handle will also receive exceptions + which the application may get by e.g. using the select system + call.</para> + + <table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-event"> + <title>struct <structname>v4l2_event</structname></title> + <tgroup cols="4"> + &cs-str; + <tbody valign="top"> + <row> + <entry>__u32</entry> + <entry><structfield>type</structfield></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>Type of the event.</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry>union</entry> + <entry><structfield>u</structfield></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry></entry> + <entry>&v4l2-event-vsync;</entry> + <entry><structfield>vsync</structfield></entry> + <entry>Event data for event V4L2_EVENT_VSYNC. + </entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry></entry> + <entry>__u8</entry> + <entry><structfield>data</structfield>[64]</entry> + <entry>Event data. Defined by the event type. The union + should be used to define easily accessible type for + events.</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry>__u32</entry> + <entry><structfield>pending</structfield></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>Number of pending events excluding this one.</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry>__u32</entry> + <entry><structfield>sequence</structfield></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>Event sequence number. The sequence number is + incremented for every subscribed event that takes place. + If sequence numbers are not contiguous it means that + events have been lost. + </entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry>struct timespec</entry> + <entry><structfield>timestamp</structfield></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>Event timestamp.</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry>__u32</entry> + <entry><structfield>reserved</structfield>[9]</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>Reserved for future extensions. Drivers must set + the array to zero.</entry> + </row> + </tbody> + </tgroup> + </table> + + </refsect1> +</refentry> +<!-- +Local Variables: +mode: sgml +sgml-parent-document: "v4l2.sgml" +indent-tabs-mode: nil +End: +--> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-enuminput.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-enuminput.xml index 71b868e..476fe1d 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-enuminput.xml +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-enuminput.xml @@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ input/output interface to linux-media@vger.kernel.org on 19 Oct 2009. <entry>This input supports setting DV presets by using VIDIOC_S_DV_PRESET.</entry> </row> <row> - <entry><constant>V4L2_OUT_CAP_CUSTOM_TIMINGS</constant></entry> + <entry><constant>V4L2_IN_CAP_CUSTOM_TIMINGS</constant></entry> <entry>0x00000002</entry> <entry>This input supports setting custom video timings by using VIDIOC_S_DV_TIMINGS.</entry> </row> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-qbuf.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-qbuf.xml index b843bd7..ab691eb 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-qbuf.xml +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-qbuf.xml @@ -111,7 +111,11 @@ from the driver's outgoing queue. They just set the and <structfield>reserved</structfield> fields of a &v4l2-buffer; as above, when <constant>VIDIOC_DQBUF</constant> is called with a pointer to this structure the driver fills the -remaining fields or returns an error code.</para> +remaining fields or returns an error code. The driver may also set +<constant>V4L2_BUF_FLAG_ERROR</constant> in the <structfield>flags</structfield> +field. It indicates a non-critical (recoverable) streaming error. In such case +the application may continue as normal, but should be aware that data in the +dequeued buffer might be corrupted.</para> <para>By default <constant>VIDIOC_DQBUF</constant> blocks when no buffer is in the outgoing queue. When the @@ -158,7 +162,13 @@ enqueue a user pointer buffer.</para> <para><constant>VIDIOC_DQBUF</constant> failed due to an internal error. Can also indicate temporary problems like signal loss. Note the driver might dequeue an (empty) buffer despite -returning an error, or even stop capturing.</para> +returning an error, or even stop capturing. Reusing such buffer may be unsafe +though and its details (e.g. <structfield>index</structfield>) may not be +returned either. It is recommended that drivers indicate recoverable errors +by setting the <constant>V4L2_BUF_FLAG_ERROR</constant> and returning 0 instead. +In that case the application should be able to safely reuse the buffer and +continue streaming. + </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-query-dv-preset.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-query-dv-preset.xml index 87e4f0f..402229e 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-query-dv-preset.xml +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-query-dv-preset.xml @@ -53,8 +53,10 @@ input</refpurpose> automatically, similar to sensing the video standard. To do so, applications call <constant> VIDIOC_QUERY_DV_PRESET</constant> with a pointer to a &v4l2-dv-preset; type. Once the hardware detects a preset, that preset is -returned in the preset field of &v4l2-dv-preset;. When detection is not -possible or fails, the value V4L2_DV_INVALID is returned.</para> +returned in the preset field of &v4l2-dv-preset;. If the preset could not be +detected because there was no signal, or the signal was unreliable, or the +signal did not map to a supported preset, then the value V4L2_DV_INVALID is +returned.</para> </refsect1> <refsect1> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-queryctrl.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-queryctrl.xml index 4876ff1..8e0e055 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-queryctrl.xml +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-queryctrl.xml @@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ should be part of the control documentation.</entry> <entry>n/a</entry> <entry>This is not a control. When <constant>VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL</constant> is called with a control ID -equal to a control class code (see <xref linkend="ctrl-class" />), the +equal to a control class code (see <xref linkend="ctrl-class" />) + 1, the ioctl returns the name of the control class and this control type. Older drivers which do not support this feature return an &EINVAL;.</entry> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-reqbufs.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-reqbufs.xml index 1c08163..69800ae 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-reqbufs.xml +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-reqbufs.xml @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ fields of the <structname>v4l2_requestbuffers</structname> structure. They set the <structfield>type</structfield> field to the respective stream or buffer type, the <structfield>count</structfield> field to the desired number of buffers, <structfield>memory</structfield> -must be set to the requested I/O method and the reserved array +must be set to the requested I/O method and the <structfield>reserved</structfield> array must be zeroed. When the ioctl is called with a pointer to this structure the driver will attempt to allocate the requested number of buffers and it stores the actual number diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-subscribe-event.xml b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-subscribe-event.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b50179 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/vidioc-subscribe-event.xml @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +<refentry id="vidioc-subscribe-event"> + <refmeta> + <refentrytitle>ioctl VIDIOC_SUBSCRIBE_EVENT, VIDIOC_UNSUBSCRIBE_EVENT</refentrytitle> + &manvol; + </refmeta> + + <refnamediv> + <refname>VIDIOC_SUBSCRIBE_EVENT, VIDIOC_UNSUBSCRIBE_EVENT</refname> + <refpurpose>Subscribe or unsubscribe event</refpurpose> + </refnamediv> + + <refsynopsisdiv> + <funcsynopsis> + <funcprototype> + <funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef> + <paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef> + <paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef> + <paramdef>struct v4l2_event_subscription +*<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef> + </funcprototype> + </funcsynopsis> + </refsynopsisdiv> + + <refsect1> + <title>Arguments</title> + + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term><parameter>fd</parameter></term> + <listitem> + <para>&fd;</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><parameter>request</parameter></term> + <listitem> + <para>VIDIOC_SUBSCRIBE_EVENT, VIDIOC_UNSUBSCRIBE_EVENT</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><parameter>argp</parameter></term> + <listitem> + <para></para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>Description</title> + + <para>Subscribe or unsubscribe V4L2 event. Subscribed events are + dequeued by using the &VIDIOC-DQEVENT; ioctl.</para> + + <table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-event-subscription"> + <title>struct <structname>v4l2_event_subscription</structname></title> + <tgroup cols="3"> + &cs-str; + <tbody valign="top"> + <row> + <entry>__u32</entry> + <entry><structfield>type</structfield></entry> + <entry>Type of the event.</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry>__u32</entry> + <entry><structfield>reserved</structfield>[7]</entry> + <entry>Reserved for future extensions. Drivers and applications + must set the array to zero.</entry> + </row> + </tbody> + </tgroup> + </table> + + <table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="event-type"> + <title>Event Types</title> + <tgroup cols="3"> + &cs-def; + <tbody valign="top"> + <row> + <entry><constant>V4L2_EVENT_ALL</constant></entry> + <entry>0</entry> + <entry>All events. V4L2_EVENT_ALL is valid only for + VIDIOC_UNSUBSCRIBE_EVENT for unsubscribing all events at once. + </entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><constant>V4L2_EVENT_VSYNC</constant></entry> + <entry>1</entry> + <entry>This event is triggered on the vertical sync. + This event has &v4l2-event-vsync; associated with it. + </entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><constant>V4L2_EVENT_EOS</constant></entry> + <entry>2</entry> + <entry>This event is triggered when the end of a stream is reached. + This is typically used with MPEG decoders to report to the application + when the last of the MPEG stream has been decoded. + </entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><constant>V4L2_EVENT_PRIVATE_START</constant></entry> + <entry>0x08000000</entry> + <entry>Base event number for driver-private events.</entry> + </row> + </tbody> + </tgroup> + </table> + + <table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-event-vsync"> + <title>struct <structname>v4l2_event_vsync</structname></title> + <tgroup cols="3"> + &cs-str; + <tbody valign="top"> + <row> + <entry>__u8</entry> + <entry><structfield>field</structfield></entry> + <entry>The upcoming field. See &v4l2-field;.</entry> + </row> + </tbody> + </tgroup> + </table> + + </refsect1> +</refentry> +<!-- +Local Variables: +mode: sgml +sgml-parent-document: "v4l2.sgml" +indent-tabs-mode: nil +End: +--> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl index 0d0f7b4..0ba149d 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl @@ -5518,34 +5518,41 @@ struct _snd_pcm_runtime { ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> + + For the raw data, <structfield>size</structfield> field must be + set properly. This specifies the maximum size of the proc file access. </para> <para> - The callback is much more complicated than the text-file - version. You need to use a low-level I/O functions such as + The read/write callbacks of raw mode are more direct than the text mode. + You need to use a low-level I/O functions such as <function>copy_from/to_user()</function> to transfer the data. <informalexample> <programlisting> <![CDATA[ - static long my_file_io_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry, + static ssize_t my_file_io_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry, void *file_private_data, struct file *file, char *buf, - unsigned long count, - unsigned long pos) + size_t count, + loff_t pos) { - long size = count; - if (pos + size > local_max_size) - size = local_max_size - pos; - if (copy_to_user(buf, local_data + pos, size)) + if (copy_to_user(buf, local_data + pos, count)) return -EFAULT; - return size; + return count; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> + + If the size of the info entry has been set up properly, + <structfield>count</structfield> and <structfield>pos</structfield> are + guaranteed to fit within 0 and the given size. + You don't have to check the range in the callbacks unless any + other condition is required. + </para> </chapter> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/writing_usb_driver.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/writing_usb_driver.tmpl index eeff19c..bd97a13 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/writing_usb_driver.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/writing_usb_driver.tmpl @@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ static inline void skel_delete (struct usb_skel *dev) { kfree (dev->bulk_in_buffer); if (dev->bulk_out_buffer != NULL) - usb_buffer_free (dev->udev, dev->bulk_out_size, + usb_free_coherent (dev->udev, dev->bulk_out_size, dev->bulk_out_buffer, dev->write_urb->transfer_dma); usb_free_urb (dev->write_urb); diff --git a/Documentation/HOWTO b/Documentation/HOWTO index 40ada93..365bda9 100644 --- a/Documentation/HOWTO +++ b/Documentation/HOWTO @@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ apply a patch. If you do not know where you want to start, but you want to look for some task to start doing to join into the kernel development community, go to the Linux Kernel Janitor's project: - http://janitor.kernelnewbies.org/ + http://kernelnewbies.org/KernelJanitors It is a great place to start. It describes a list of relatively simple problems that need to be cleaned up and fixed within the Linux kernel source tree. Working with the developers in charge of this project, you @@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ process is tracked with the tool patchwork. Patchwork offers a web interface which shows patch postings, any comments on a patch or revisions to it, and maintainers can mark patches as under review, accepted, or rejected. Most of these patchwork sites are listed at -http://patchwork.kernel.org/ or http://patchwork.ozlabs.org/. +http://patchwork.kernel.org/. 2.6.x -next kernel tree for integration tests --------------------------------------------- @@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ start exactly where you are now. ---------- Thanks to Paolo Ciarrocchi who allowed the "Development Process" -(http://linux.tar.bz/articles/2.6-development_process) section +(http://lwn.net/Articles/94386/) section to be based on text he had written, and to Randy Dunlap and Gerrit Huizenga for some of the list of things you should and should not say. Also thanks to Pat Mochel, Hanna Linder, Randy Dunlap, Kay Sievers, diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.txt b/Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.txt index e83f2ea..898ded2 100644 --- a/Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.txt +++ b/Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.txt @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ The driver should return one of the following result codes: - PCI_ERS_RESULT_NEED_RESET Driver returns this if it thinks the device is not - recoverable in it's current state and it needs a slot + recoverable in its current state and it needs a slot reset to proceed. - PCI_ERS_RESULT_DISCONNECT @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ in working condition. The driver is not supposed to restart normal driver I/O operations at this point. It should limit itself to "probing" the device to -check it's recoverability status. If all is right, then the platform +check its recoverability status. If all is right, then the platform will call resume() once all drivers have ack'd link_reset(). Result codes: diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/pci.txt b/Documentation/PCI/pci.txt index 7f6de6e..6148d40 100644 --- a/Documentation/PCI/pci.txt +++ b/Documentation/PCI/pci.txt @@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ to be handled by platform and generic code, not individual drivers. 8. Vendor and device identifications ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -One is not not required to add new device ids to include/linux/pci_ids.h. +One is not required to add new device ids to include/linux/pci_ids.h. Please add PCI_VENDOR_ID_xxx for vendors and a hex constant for device ids. PCI_VENDOR_ID_xxx constants are re-used. The device ids are arbitrary diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/pcieaer-howto.txt b/Documentation/PCI/pcieaer-howto.txt index be21001..26d3d94 100644 --- a/Documentation/PCI/pcieaer-howto.txt +++ b/Documentation/PCI/pcieaer-howto.txt @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Reporting (AER) driver and provides information on how to use it, as well as how to enable the drivers of endpoint devices to conform with PCI Express AER driver. -1.2 Copyright Intel Corporation 2006. +1.2 Copyright (C) Intel Corporation 2006. 1.3 What is the PCI Express AER Driver? @@ -71,15 +71,11 @@ console. If it's a correctable error, it is outputed as a warning. Otherwise, it is printed as an error. So users could choose different log level to filter out correctable error messages. -Below shows an example. -+------ PCI-Express Device Error -----+ -Error Severity : Uncorrected (Fatal) -PCIE Bus Error type : Transaction Layer -Unsupported Request : First -Requester ID : 0500 -VendorID=8086h, DeviceID=0329h, Bus=05h, Device=00h, Function=00h -TLB Header: -04000001 00200a03 05010000 00050100 +Below shows an example: +0000:50:00.0: PCIe Bus Error: severity=Uncorrected (Fatal), type=Transaction Layer, id=0500(Requester ID) +0000:50:00.0: device [8086:0329] error status/mask=00100000/00000000 +0000:50:00.0: [20] Unsupported Request (First) +0000:50:00.0: TLP Header: 04000001 00200a03 05010000 00050100 In the example, 'Requester ID' means the ID of the device who sends the error message to root port. Pls. refer to pci express specs for @@ -112,7 +108,7 @@ but the PCI Express link itself is fully functional. Fatal errors, on the other hand, cause the link to be unreliable. When AER is enabled, a PCI Express device will automatically send an -error message to the PCIE root port above it when the device captures +error message to the PCIe root port above it when the device captures an error. The Root Port, upon receiving an error reporting message, internally processes and logs the error message in its PCI Express capability structure. Error information being logged includes storing @@ -198,8 +194,9 @@ to reset link, AER port service driver is required to provide the function to reset link. Firstly, kernel looks for if the upstream component has an aer driver. If it has, kernel uses the reset_link callback of the aer driver. If the upstream component has no aer driver -and the port is downstream port, we will use the aer driver of the -root port who reports the AER error. As for upstream ports, +and the port is downstream port, we will perform a hot reset as the +default by setting the Secondary Bus Reset bit of the Bridge Control +register associated with the downstream port. As for upstream ports, they should provide their own aer service drivers with reset_link function. If error_detected returns PCI_ERS_RESULT_CAN_RECOVER and reset_link returns PCI_ERS_RESULT_RECOVERED, the error handling goes @@ -253,11 +250,11 @@ cleanup uncorrectable status register. Pls. refer to section 3.3. 4. Software error injection -Debugging PCIE AER error recovery code is quite difficult because it +Debugging PCIe AER error recovery code is quite difficult because it is hard to trigger real hardware errors. Software based error -injection can be used to fake various kinds of PCIE errors. +injection can be used to fake various kinds of PCIe errors. -First you should enable PCIE AER software error injection in kernel +First you should enable PCIe AER software error injection in kernel configuration, that is, following item should be in your .config. CONFIG_PCIEAER_INJECT=y or CONFIG_PCIEAER_INJECT=m diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/RTFP.txt b/Documentation/RCU/RTFP.txt index 5aea459..c43460d 100644 --- a/Documentation/RCU/RTFP.txt +++ b/Documentation/RCU/RTFP.txt @@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ Suparna Bhattacharya" ,Year="2006" ,pages="v2 123-138" ,note="Available: -\url{http://www.linuxsymposium.org/2006/view_abstract.php?content_key=184} +\url{http://www.linuxsymposium.org/2006/index_2006.php} \url{http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/OLSrtRCU.2006.08.11a.pdf} [Viewed January 1, 2007]" ,annotation=" diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt index 1423d25..44c6dcc9 100644 --- a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt +++ b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt @@ -3,35 +3,79 @@ Using RCU's CPU Stall Detector The CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_DETECTOR kernel config parameter enables RCU's CPU stall detector, which detects conditions that unduly delay RCU grace periods. The stall detector's idea of what constitutes -"unduly delayed" is controlled by a pair of C preprocessor macros: +"unduly delayed" is controlled by a set of C preprocessor macros: RCU_SECONDS_TILL_STALL_CHECK This macro defines the period of time that RCU will wait from the beginning of a grace period until it issues an RCU CPU - stall warning. It is normally ten seconds. + stall warning. This time period is normally ten seconds. RCU_SECONDS_TILL_STALL_RECHECK This macro defines the period of time that RCU will wait after - issuing a stall warning until it issues another stall warning. - It is normally set to thirty seconds. + issuing a stall warning until it issues another stall warning + for the same stall. This time period is normally set to thirty + seconds. RCU_STALL_RAT_DELAY - The CPU stall detector tries to make the offending CPU rat on itself, - as this often gives better-quality stack traces. However, if - the offending CPU does not detect its own stall in the number - of jiffies specified by RCU_STALL_RAT_DELAY, then other CPUs will - complain. This is normally set to two jiffies. + The CPU stall detector tries to make the offending CPU print its + own warnings, as this often gives better-quality stack traces. + However, if the offending CPU does not detect its own stall in + the number of jiffies specified by RCU_STALL_RAT_DELAY, then + some other CPU will complain. This delay is normally set to + two jiffies. -The following problems can result in an RCU CPU stall warning: +When a CPU detects that it is stalling, it will print a message similar +to the following: + +INFO: rcu_sched_state detected stall on CPU 5 (t=2500 jiffies) + +This message indicates that CPU 5 detected that it was causing a stall, +and that the stall was affecting RCU-sched. This message will normally be +followed by a stack dump of the offending CPU. On TREE_RCU kernel builds, +RCU and RCU-sched are implemented by the same underlying mechanism, +while on TREE_PREEMPT_RCU kernel builds, RCU is instead implemented +by rcu_preempt_state. + +On the other hand, if the offending CPU fails to print out a stall-warning +message quickly enough, some other CPU will print a message similar to +the following: + +INFO: rcu_bh_state detected stalls on CPUs/tasks: { 3 5 } (detected by 2, 2502 jiffies) + +This message indicates that CPU 2 detected that CPUs 3 and 5 were both +causing stalls, and that the stall was affecting RCU-bh. This message +will normally be followed by stack dumps for each CPU. Please note that +TREE_PREEMPT_RCU builds can be stalled by tasks as well as by CPUs, +and that the tasks will be indicated by PID, for example, "P3421". +It is even possible for a rcu_preempt_state stall to be caused by both +CPUs -and- tasks, in which case the offending CPUs and tasks will all +be called out in the list. + +Finally, if the grace period ends just as the stall warning starts +printing, there will be a spurious stall-warning message: + +INFO: rcu_bh_state detected stalls on CPUs/tasks: { } (detected by 4, 2502 jiffies) + +This is rare, but does happen from time to time in real life. + +So your kernel printed an RCU CPU stall warning. The next question is +"What caused it?" The following problems can result in RCU CPU stall +warnings: o A CPU looping in an RCU read-side critical section. -o A CPU looping with interrupts disabled. +o A CPU looping with interrupts disabled. This condition can + result in RCU-sched and RCU-bh stalls. -o A CPU looping with preemption disabled. +o A CPU looping with preemption disabled. This condition can + result in RCU-sched stalls and, if ksoftirqd is in use, RCU-bh + stalls. + +o A CPU looping with bottom halves disabled. This condition can + result in RCU-sched and RCU-bh stalls. o For !CONFIG_PREEMPT kernels, a CPU looping anywhere in the kernel without invoking schedule(). @@ -39,20 +83,24 @@ o For !CONFIG_PREEMPT kernels, a CPU looping anywhere in the kernel o A bug in the RCU implementation. o A hardware failure. This is quite unlikely, but has occurred - at least once in a former life. A CPU failed in a running system, + at least once in real life. A CPU failed in a running system, becoming unresponsive, but not causing an immediate crash. This resulted in a series of RCU CPU stall warnings, eventually leading the realization that the CPU had failed. -The RCU, RCU-sched, and RCU-bh implementations have CPU stall warning. -SRCU does not do so directly, but its calls to synchronize_sched() will -result in RCU-sched detecting any CPU stalls that might be occurring. - -To diagnose the cause of the stall, inspect the stack traces. The offending -function will usually be near the top of the stack. If you have a series -of stall warnings from a single extended stall, comparing the stack traces -can often help determine where the stall is occurring, which will usually -be in the function nearest the top of the stack that stays the same from -trace to trace. +The RCU, RCU-sched, and RCU-bh implementations have CPU stall +warning. SRCU does not have its own CPU stall warnings, but its +calls to synchronize_sched() will result in RCU-sched detecting +RCU-sched-related CPU stalls. Please note that RCU only detects +CPU stalls when there is a grace period in progress. No grace period, +no CPU stall warnings. + +To diagnose the cause of the stall, inspect the stack traces. +The offending function will usually be near the top of the stack. +If you have a series of stall warnings from a single extended stall, +comparing the stack traces can often help determine where the stall +is occurring, which will usually be in the function nearest the top of +that portion of the stack which remains the same from trace to trace. +If you can reliably trigger the stall, ftrace can be quite helpful. RCU bugs can often be debugged with the help of CONFIG_RCU_TRACE. diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/torture.txt b/Documentation/RCU/torture.txt index 0e50bc2..5d90167 100644 --- a/Documentation/RCU/torture.txt +++ b/Documentation/RCU/torture.txt @@ -182,16 +182,6 @@ Similarly, sched_expedited RCU provides the following: sched_expedited-torture: Reader Pipe: 12660320201 95875 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sched_expedited-torture: Reader Batch: 12660424885 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sched_expedited-torture: Free-Block Circulation: 1090795 1090795 1090794 1090793 1090792 1090791 1090790 1090789 1090788 1090787 0 - state: -1 / 0:0 3:0 4:0 - -As before, the first four lines are similar to those for RCU. -The last line shows the task-migration state. The first number is --1 if synchronize_sched_expedited() is idle, -2 if in the process of -posting wakeups to the migration kthreads, and N when waiting on CPU N. -Each of the colon-separated fields following the "/" is a CPU:state pair. -Valid states are "0" for idle, "1" for waiting for quiescent state, -"2" for passed through quiescent state, and "3" when a race with a -CPU-hotplug event forces use of the synchronize_sched() primitive. USAGE diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/trace.txt b/Documentation/RCU/trace.txt index 8608fd8..efd8cc9 100644 --- a/Documentation/RCU/trace.txt +++ b/Documentation/RCU/trace.txt @@ -256,23 +256,23 @@ o Each element of the form "1/1 0:127 ^0" represents one struct The output of "cat rcu/rcu_pending" looks as follows: rcu_sched: - 0 np=255892 qsp=53936 cbr=0 cng=14417 gpc=10033 gps=24320 nf=6445 nn=146741 - 1 np=261224 qsp=54638 cbr=0 cng=25723 gpc=16310 gps=2849 nf=5912 nn=155792 - 2 np=237496 qsp=49664 cbr=0 cng=2762 gpc=45478 gps=1762 nf=1201 nn=136629 - 3 np=236249 qsp=48766 cbr=0 cng=286 gpc=48049 gps=1218 nf=207 nn=137723 - 4 np=221310 qsp=46850 cbr=0 cng=26 gpc=43161 gps=4634 nf=3529 nn=123110 - 5 np=237332 qsp=48449 cbr=0 cng=54 gpc=47920 gps=3252 nf=201 nn=137456 - 6 np=219995 qsp=46718 cbr=0 cng=50 gpc=42098 gps=6093 nf=4202 nn=120834 - 7 np=249893 qsp=49390 cbr=0 cng=72 gpc=38400 gps=17102 nf=41 nn=144888 + 0 np=255892 qsp=53936 rpq=85 cbr=0 cng=14417 gpc=10033 gps=24320 nf=6445 nn=146741 + 1 np=261224 qsp=54638 rpq=33 cbr=0 cng=25723 gpc=16310 gps=2849 nf=5912 nn=155792 + 2 np=237496 qsp=49664 rpq=23 cbr=0 cng=2762 gpc=45478 gps=1762 nf=1201 nn=136629 + 3 np=236249 qsp=48766 rpq=98 cbr=0 cng=286 gpc=48049 gps=1218 nf=207 nn=137723 + 4 np=221310 qsp=46850 rpq=7 cbr=0 cng=26 gpc=43161 gps=4634 nf=3529 nn=123110 + 5 np=237332 qsp=48449 rpq=9 cbr=0 cng=54 gpc=47920 gps=3252 nf=201 nn=137456 + 6 np=219995 qsp=46718 rpq=12 cbr=0 cng=50 gpc=42098 gps=6093 nf=4202 nn=120834 + 7 np=249893 qsp=49390 rpq=42 cbr=0 cng=72 gpc=38400 gps=17102 nf=41 nn=144888 rcu_bh: - 0 np=146741 qsp=1419 cbr=0 cng=6 gpc=0 gps=0 nf=2 nn=145314 - 1 np=155792 qsp=12597 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=4 gps=8 nf=3 nn=143180 - 2 np=136629 qsp=18680 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=7 gps=6 nf=0 nn=117936 - 3 np=137723 qsp=2843 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=10 gps=7 nf=0 nn=134863 - 4 np=123110 qsp=12433 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=4 gps=2 nf=0 nn=110671 - 5 np=137456 qsp=4210 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=6 gps=5 nf=0 nn=133235 - 6 np=120834 qsp=9902 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=6 gps=3 nf=2 nn=110921 - 7 np=144888 qsp=26336 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=8 gps=2 nf=0 nn=118542 + 0 np=146741 qsp=1419 rpq=6 cbr=0 cng=6 gpc=0 gps=0 nf=2 nn=145314 + 1 np=155792 qsp=12597 rpq=3 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=4 gps=8 nf=3 nn=143180 + 2 np=136629 qsp=18680 rpq=1 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=7 gps=6 nf=0 nn=117936 + 3 np=137723 qsp=2843 rpq=0 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=10 gps=7 nf=0 nn=134863 + 4 np=123110 qsp=12433 rpq=0 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=4 gps=2 nf=0 nn=110671 + 5 np=137456 qsp=4210 rpq=1 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=6 gps=5 nf=0 nn=133235 + 6 np=120834 qsp=9902 rpq=2 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=6 gps=3 nf=2 nn=110921 + 7 np=144888 qsp=26336 rpq=0 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=8 gps=2 nf=0 nn=118542 As always, this is once again split into "rcu_sched" and "rcu_bh" portions, with CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU kernels having an additional @@ -284,6 +284,9 @@ o "np" is the number of times that __rcu_pending() has been invoked o "qsp" is the number of times that the RCU was waiting for a quiescent state from this CPU. +o "rpq" is the number of times that the CPU had passed through + a quiescent state, but not yet reported it to RCU. + o "cbr" is the number of times that this CPU had RCU callbacks that had passed through a grace period, and were thus ready to be invoked. diff --git a/Documentation/Smack.txt b/Documentation/Smack.txt index 34614b4..e9dab41 100644 --- a/Documentation/Smack.txt +++ b/Documentation/Smack.txt @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ NOTE: Smack labels are limited to 23 characters. The attr command If you don't do anything special all users will get the floor ("_") label when they log in. If you do want to log in via the hacked ssh at other labels use the attr command to set the smack value on the -home directory and it's contents. +home directory and its contents. You can add access rules in /etc/smack/accesses. They take the form: diff --git a/Documentation/SubmitChecklist b/Documentation/SubmitChecklist index 8916ca4..da0382d 100644 --- a/Documentation/SubmitChecklist +++ b/Documentation/SubmitChecklist @@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ kernel patches. 2b: Passes allnoconfig, allmodconfig +2c: Builds successfully when using O=builddir + 3: Builds on multiple CPU architectures by using local cross-compile tools or some other build farm. @@ -95,3 +97,13 @@ kernel patches. 25: If any ioctl's are added by the patch, then also update Documentation/ioctl/ioctl-number.txt. + +26: If your modified source code depends on or uses any of the kernel + APIs or features that are related to the following kconfig symbols, + then test multiple builds with the related kconfig symbols disabled + and/or =m (if that option is available) [not all of these at the + same time, just various/random combinations of them]: + + CONFIG_SMP, CONFIG_SYSFS, CONFIG_PROC_FS, CONFIG_INPUT, CONFIG_PCI, + CONFIG_BLOCK, CONFIG_PM, CONFIG_HOTPLUG, CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ, + CONFIG_NET, CONFIG_INET=n (but latter with CONFIG_NET=y) diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingDrivers b/Documentation/SubmittingDrivers index 99e72a8..38d2aab 100644 --- a/Documentation/SubmittingDrivers +++ b/Documentation/SubmittingDrivers @@ -130,6 +130,8 @@ Linux kernel master tree: ftp.??.kernel.org:/pub/linux/kernel/... ?? == your country code, such as "us", "uk", "fr", etc. + http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git + Linux kernel mailing list: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org [mail majordomo@vger.kernel.org to subscribe] @@ -159,4 +161,7 @@ How to NOT write kernel driver by Arjan van de Ven: http://www.fenrus.org/how-to-not-write-a-device-driver-paper.pdf Kernel Janitor: - http://janitor.kernelnewbies.org/ + http://kernelnewbies.org/KernelJanitors + +GIT, Fast Version Control System: + http://git-scm.com/ diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches index 72651f7..689e237 100644 --- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches +++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches @@ -98,6 +98,17 @@ system, git, as a "commit log". See #15, below. If your description starts to get long, that's a sign that you probably need to split up your patch. See #3, next. +When you submit or resubmit a patch or patch series, include the +complete patch description and justification for it. Don't just +say that this is version N of the patch (series). Don't expect the +patch merger to refer back to earlier patch versions or referenced +URLs to find the patch description and put that into the patch. +I.e., the patch (series) and its description should be self-contained. +This benefits both the patch merger(s) and reviewers. Some reviewers +probably didn't even receive earlier versions of the patch. + +If the patch fixes a logged bug entry, refer to that bug entry by +number and URL. 3) Separate your changes. diff --git a/Documentation/acpi/apei/einj.txt b/Documentation/acpi/apei/einj.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dfab718 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/acpi/apei/einj.txt @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ + APEI Error INJection + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +EINJ provides a hardware error injection mechanism +It is very useful for debugging and testing of other APEI and RAS features. + +To use EINJ, make sure the following are enabled in your kernel +configuration: + +CONFIG_DEBUG_FS +CONFIG_ACPI_APEI +CONFIG_ACPI_APEI_EINJ + +The user interface of EINJ is debug file system, under the +directory apei/einj. The following files are provided. + +- available_error_type + Reading this file returns the error injection capability of the + platform, that is, which error types are supported. The error type + definition is as follow, the left field is the error type value, the + right field is error description. + + 0x00000001 Processor Correctable + 0x00000002 Processor Uncorrectable non-fatal + 0x00000004 Processor Uncorrectable fatal + 0x00000008 Memory Correctable + 0x00000010 Memory Uncorrectable non-fatal + 0x00000020 Memory Uncorrectable fatal + 0x00000040 PCI Express Correctable + 0x00000080 PCI Express Uncorrectable fatal + 0x00000100 PCI Express Uncorrectable non-fatal + 0x00000200 Platform Correctable + 0x00000400 Platform Uncorrectable non-fatal + 0x00000800 Platform Uncorrectable fatal + + The format of file contents are as above, except there are only the + available error type lines. + +- error_type + This file is used to set the error type value. The error type value + is defined in "available_error_type" description. + +- error_inject + Write any integer to this file to trigger the error + injection. Before this, please specify all necessary error + parameters. + +- param1 + This file is used to set the first error parameter value. Effect of + parameter depends on error_type specified. For memory error, this is + physical memory address. + +- param2 + This file is used to set the second error parameter value. Effect of + parameter depends on error_type specified. For memory error, this is + physical memory address mask. + +For more information about EINJ, please refer to ACPI specification +version 4.0, section 17.5. diff --git a/Documentation/aoe/aoe.txt b/Documentation/aoe/aoe.txt index 3a4dbe4..b5aada9 100644 --- a/Documentation/aoe/aoe.txt +++ b/Documentation/aoe/aoe.txt @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ The EtherDrive (R) HOWTO for users of 2.6 kernels is found at ... - http://www.coraid.com/support/linux/EtherDrive-2.6-HOWTO.html + http://www.coraid.com/SUPPORT/EtherDrive-HBA It has many tips and hints! diff --git a/Documentation/apparmor.txt b/Documentation/apparmor.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..93c1fd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/apparmor.txt @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +--- What is AppArmor? --- + +AppArmor is MAC style security extension for the Linux kernel. It implements +a task centered policy, with task "profiles" being created and loaded +from user space. Tasks on the system that do not have a profile defined for +them run in an unconfined state which is equivalent to standard Linux DAC +permissions. + +--- How to enable/disable --- + +set CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR=y + +If AppArmor should be selected as the default security module then + set CONFIG_DEFAULT_SECURITY="apparmor" + and CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR_BOOTPARAM_VALUE=1 + +Build the kernel + +If AppArmor is not the default security module it can be enabled by passing +security=apparmor on the kernel's command line. + +If AppArmor is the default security module it can be disabled by passing +apparmor=0, security=XXXX (where XXX is valid security module), on the +kernel's command line + +For AppArmor to enforce any restrictions beyond standard Linux DAC permissions +policy must be loaded into the kernel from user space (see the Documentation +and tools links). + +--- Documentation --- + +Documentation can be found on the wiki. + +--- Links --- + +Mailing List - apparmor@lists.ubuntu.com +Wiki - http://apparmor.wiki.kernel.org/ +User space tools - https://launchpad.net/apparmor +Kernel module - git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jj/apparmor-dev.git diff --git a/Documentation/arm/00-INDEX b/Documentation/arm/00-INDEX index 82e418d..7f5fc3b 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/00-INDEX +++ b/Documentation/arm/00-INDEX @@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ Samsung-S3C24XX - S3C24XX ARM Linux Overview Sharp-LH - Linux on Sharp LH79524 and LH7A40X System On a Chip (SOC) +SPEAr + - ST SPEAr platform Linux Overview VFP/ - Release notes for Linux Kernel Vector Floating Point support code empeg/ diff --git a/Documentation/arm/IXP2000 b/Documentation/arm/IXP2000 index e0148b6..68d21d9 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/IXP2000 +++ b/Documentation/arm/IXP2000 @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ telecom systems. In addition to an XScale core, it contains up to 8 interfaces (UTOPIA, SPI, etc), a PCI host bridge, one serial port, flash interface, and some other odds and ends. For more information, see: -http://developer.intel.com/design/network/products/npfamily/ixp2xxx.htm +http://developer.intel.com 2. Linux Support diff --git a/Documentation/arm/IXP4xx b/Documentation/arm/IXP4xx index 72fbcc4..133c5fa 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/IXP4xx +++ b/Documentation/arm/IXP4xx @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ require the use of Intel's propietary CSR softare: If you need to use any of the above, you need to download Intel's software from: - http://developer.intel.com/design/network/products/npfamily/ixp425swr1.htm + http://developer.intel.com/design/network/products/npfamily/ixp425.htm DO NOT POST QUESTIONS TO THE LINUX MAILING LISTS REGARDING THE PROPIETARY SOFTWARE. @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ SOFTWARE. There are several websites that provide directions/pointers on using Intel's software: -http://ixp4xx-osdg.sourceforge.net/ + http://sourceforge.net/projects/ixp4xx-osdg/ Open Source Developer's Guide for using uClinux and the Intel libraries http://gatewaymaker.sourceforge.net/ @@ -112,21 +112,21 @@ http://www.adiengineering.com/productsCoyote.html Finally, there is an IDE port hanging off the expansion bus. Gateworks Avila Network Platform -http://www.gateworks.com/avila_sbc.htm +http://www.gateworks.com/support/overview.php The Avila platform is basically and IXDP425 with the 4 PCI slots replaced with mini-PCI slots and a CF IDE interface hanging off the expansion bus. Intel IXDP425 Development Platform -http://developer.intel.com/design/network/products/npfamily/ixdp425.htm +http://www.intel.com/design/network/products/npfamily/ixdpg425.htm This is Intel's standard reference platform for the IXDP425 and is also known as the Richfield board. It contains 4 PCI slots, 16MB of flash, two 10/100 ports and one ADSL port. Intel IXDP465 Development Platform -http://developer.intel.com/design/network/products/npfamily/ixdp465.htm +http://www.intel.com/design/network/products/npfamily/ixdp465.htm This is basically an IXDP425 with an IXP465 and 32M of flash instead of just 16. @@ -141,15 +141,13 @@ Intel IXDPG425 Development Platform a pivot_root to NFS. Motorola PrPMC1100 Processor Mezanine Card -http://www.fountainsys.com/datasheet/PrPMC1100.pdf +http://www.fountainsys.com The PrPMC1100 is based on the IXCP1100 and is meant to plug into and IXP2400/2800 system to act as the system controller. It simply contains a CPU and 16MB of flash on the board and needs to be plugged into a carrier board to function. Currently Linux only supports the Motorola PrPMC carrier board for this platform. - See https://mcg.motorola.com/us/ds/pdf/ds0144.pdf for info - on the carrier board. 5. TODO LIST diff --git a/Documentation/arm/README b/Documentation/arm/README index d98783f..aea3409 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/README +++ b/Documentation/arm/README @@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ Bug reports etc --------------- Please send patches to the patch system. For more information, see - http://www.arm.linux.org.uk/patches/info.html Always include some + http://www.arm.linux.org.uk/developer/patches/info.php Always include some explanation as to what the patch does and why it is needed. Bug reports should be sent to linux-arm-kernel@lists.arm.linux.org.uk, or submitted through the web form at - http://www.arm.linux.org.uk/forms/solution.shtml + http://www.arm.linux.org.uk/developer/ When sending bug reports, please ensure that they contain all relevant information, eg. the kernel messages that were printed before/during diff --git a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/ADSBitsy b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/ADSBitsy index 7197a9e..f9f62e8 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/ADSBitsy +++ b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/ADSBitsy @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Notes: - The flash on board is divided into 3 partitions. You should be careful to use flash on board. - It's partition is different from GraphicsClient Plus and GraphicsMaster + Its partition is different from GraphicsClient Plus and GraphicsMaster - 16bpp mode requires a different cable than what ships with the board. Contact ADS or look through the manual to wire your own. Currently, diff --git a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/Assabet b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/Assabet index 91f7ce7..08b885d 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/Assabet +++ b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/Assabet @@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ The Intel Assabet (SA-1110 evaluation) board ============================================ Please see: -http://developer.intel.com/design/strong/quicklist/eval-plat/sa-1110.htm -http://developer.intel.com/design/strong/guides/278278.htm +http://developer.intel.com Also some notes from John G Dorsey <jd5q@andrew.cmu.edu>: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~wearable/software/assabet.html @@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ Initial RedBoot configuration ----------------------------- The commands used here are explained in The RedBoot User's Guide available -on-line at http://sources.redhat.com/ecos/docs-latest/redboot/redboot.html. +on-line at http://sources.redhat.com/ecos/docs.html. Please refer to it for explanations. If you have a CF network card (my Assabet kit contained a CF+ LP-E from diff --git a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/Brutus b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/Brutus index b1cfd40..6a3aa95 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/Brutus +++ b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/Brutus @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ Brutus is an evaluation platform for the SA1100 manufactured by Intel. For more details, see: -http://developer.intel.com/design/strong/applnots/sa1100lx/getstart.htm +http://developer.intel.com To compile for Brutus, you must issue the following commands: diff --git a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/FreeBird b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/FreeBird index eda28b3..fb23b77 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/FreeBird +++ b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/FreeBird @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ Freebird-1.1 is produced by Legned(C) ,Inc. -(http://www.legend.com.cn) +http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.legend.com.cn and software/linux mainatined by Coventive(C),Inc. (http://www.coventive.com) diff --git a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/GraphicsClient b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/GraphicsClient index 6c9c4f5..867bb35 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/GraphicsClient +++ b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/GraphicsClient @@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Supported peripherals: - serial ports (ttyS[0-2]) - ttyS0 is default for serial console - Smart I/O (ADC, keypad, digital inputs, etc) - See http://www.applieddata.com/developers/linux for IOCTL documentation + See http://www.eurotech-inc.com/linux-sbc.asp for IOCTL documentation and example user space code. ps/2 keybd is multiplexed through this driver To do: diff --git a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/GraphicsMaster b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/GraphicsMaster index ee7c659..9145088 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/GraphicsMaster +++ b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/GraphicsMaster @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Supported peripherals: - serial ports (ttyS[0-2]) - ttyS0 is default for serial console - Smart I/O (ADC, keypad, digital inputs, etc) - See http://www.applieddata.com/developers/linux for IOCTL documentation + See http://www.eurotech-inc.com/linux-sbc.asp for IOCTL documentation and example user space code. ps/2 keybd is multiplexed through this driver To do: diff --git a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/Itsy b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/Itsy index 3b59453..44b9499 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/Itsy +++ b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/Itsy @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ research projects at Compaq that are related to pocket computing. For more information, see: - http://www.research.digital.com/wrl/itsy/index.html + http://www.hpl.hp.com/downloads/crl/itsy/ Notes on initial 2.4 Itsy support (8/27/2000) : The port was done on an Itsy version 1.5 machine with a daughtercard with diff --git a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/PLEB b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/PLEB index 92cae066..b9c8a63 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/PLEB +++ b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/PLEB @@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ PLEB support has yet to be fully integrated. For more information, see: - http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~pleb/ + http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au diff --git a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/Victor b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/Victor index f938a29..9cff415 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/Victor +++ b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/Victor @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ VisuAide, Inc. to be used by blind people. For more information related to Victor, see: - http://www.visuaide.com/victor + http://www.humanware.com/en-usa/products Of course Victor is using Linux as its main operating system. The Victor implementation for Linux is maintained by Nicolas Pitre: diff --git a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/nanoEngine b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/nanoEngine index fc431cb..48a7934f 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/nanoEngine +++ b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/nanoEngine @@ -7,5 +7,5 @@ for more info. (Ref: Stuart Adams <sja@brightstareng.com>) Also visit Larry Doolittle's "Linux for the nanoEngine" site: -http://recycle.lbl.gov/~ldoolitt/bse/ +http://www.brightstareng.com/arm/nanoeng.htm diff --git a/Documentation/arm/SPEAr/overview.txt b/Documentation/arm/SPEAr/overview.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..253a35c --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/arm/SPEAr/overview.txt @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ + SPEAr ARM Linux Overview + ========================== + +Introduction +------------ + + SPEAr (Structured Processor Enhanced Architecture). + weblink : http://www.st.com/spear + + The ST Microelectronics SPEAr range of ARM9/CortexA9 System-on-Chip CPUs are + supported by the 'spear' platform of ARM Linux. Currently SPEAr300, + SPEAr310, SPEAr320 and SPEAr600 SOCs are supported. Support for the SPEAr13XX + series is in progress. + + Hierarchy in SPEAr is as follows: + + SPEAr (Platform) + - SPEAr3XX (3XX SOC series, based on ARM9) + - SPEAr300 (SOC) + - SPEAr300_EVB (Evaluation Board) + - SPEAr310 (SOC) + - SPEAr310_EVB (Evaluation Board) + - SPEAr320 (SOC) + - SPEAr320_EVB (Evaluation Board) + - SPEAr6XX (6XX SOC series, based on ARM9) + - SPEAr600 (SOC) + - SPEAr600_EVB (Evaluation Board) + - SPEAr13XX (13XX SOC series, based on ARM CORTEXA9) + - SPEAr1300 (SOC) + + Configuration + ------------- + + A generic configuration is provided for each machine, and can be used as the + default by + make spear600_defconfig + make spear300_defconfig + make spear310_defconfig + make spear320_defconfig + + Layout + ------ + + The common files for multiple machine families (SPEAr3XX, SPEAr6XX and + SPEAr13XX) are located in the platform code contained in arch/arm/plat-spear + with headers in plat/. + + Each machine series have a directory with name arch/arm/mach-spear followed by + series name. Like mach-spear3xx, mach-spear6xx and mach-spear13xx. + + Common file for machines of spear3xx family is mach-spear3xx/spear3xx.c and for + spear6xx is mach-spear6xx/spear6xx.c. mach-spear* also contain soc/machine + specific files, like spear300.c, spear310.c, spear320.c and spear600.c. + mach-spear* also contains board specific files for each machine type. + + + Document Author + --------------- + + Viresh Kumar, (c) 2010 ST Microelectronics diff --git a/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/GPIO.txt b/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/GPIO.txt index 2af2cf3..816d607 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/GPIO.txt +++ b/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/GPIO.txt @@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ Introduction of the s3c2410 GPIO system, please read the Samsung provided data-sheet/users manual to find out the complete list. + See Documentation/arm/Samsung/GPIO.txt for the core implemetation. + GPIOLIB ------- @@ -24,8 +26,60 @@ GPIOLIB listed below will be removed (they may be marked as __deprecated in the near future). - - s3c2410_gpio_getpin - - s3c2410_gpio_setpin + The following functions now either have a s3c_ specific variant + or are merged into gpiolib. See the definitions in + arch/arm/plat-samsung/include/plat/gpio-cfg.h: + + s3c2410_gpio_setpin() gpio_set_value() or gpio_direction_output() + s3c2410_gpio_getpin() gpio_get_value() or gpio_direction_input() + s3c2410_gpio_getirq() gpio_to_irq() + s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin() s3c_gpio_cfgpin() + s3c2410_gpio_getcfg() s3c_gpio_getcfg() + s3c2410_gpio_pullup() s3c_gpio_setpull() + + +GPIOLIB conversion +------------------ + +If you need to convert your board or driver to use gpiolib from the exiting +s3c2410 api, then here are some notes on the process. + +1) If your board is exclusively using an GPIO, say to control peripheral + power, then it will require to claim the gpio with gpio_request() before + it can use it. + + It is recommended to check the return value, with at least WARN_ON() + during initialisation. + +2) The s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin() can be directly replaced with s3c_gpio_cfgpin() + as they have the same arguments, and can either take the pin specific + values, or the more generic special-function-number arguments. + +3) s3c2410_gpio_pullup() changs have the problem that whilst the + s3c2410_gpio_pullup(x, 1) can be easily translated to the + s3c_gpio_setpull(x, S3C_GPIO_PULL_NONE), the s3c2410_gpio_pullup(x, 0) + are not so easy. + + The s3c2410_gpio_pullup(x, 0) case enables the pull-up (or in the case + of some of the devices, a pull-down) and as such the new API distinguishes + between the UP and DOWN case. There is currently no 'just turn on' setting + which may be required if this becomes a problem. + +4) s3c2410_gpio_setpin() can be replaced by gpio_set_value(), the old call + does not implicitly configure the relevant gpio to output. The gpio + direction should be changed before using gpio_set_value(). + +5) s3c2410_gpio_getpin() is replaceable by gpio_get_value() if the pin + has been set to input. It is currently unknown what the behaviour is + when using gpio_get_value() on an output pin (s3c2410_gpio_getpin + would return the value the pin is supposed to be outputting). + +6) s3c2410_gpio_getirq() should be directly replacable with the + gpio_to_irq() call. + +The s3c2410_gpio and gpio_ calls have always operated on the same gpio +numberspace, so there is no problem with converting the gpio numbering +between the calls. Headers @@ -54,6 +108,11 @@ PIN Numbers eg S3C2410_GPA(0) or S3C2410_GPF(1). These defines are used to tell the GPIO functions which pin is to be used. + With the conversion to gpiolib, there is no longer a direct conversion + from gpio pin number to register base address as in earlier kernels. This + is due to the number space required for newer SoCs where the later + GPIOs are not contiguous. + Configuring a pin ----------------- @@ -71,6 +130,8 @@ Configuring a pin which would turn GPA(0) into the lowest Address line A0, and set GPE(8) to be connected to the SDIO/MMC controller's SDDAT1 line. + The s3c_gpio_cfgpin() call is a functional replacement for this call. + Reading the current configuration --------------------------------- @@ -82,6 +143,9 @@ Reading the current configuration The return value will be from the same set of values which can be passed to s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(). + The s3c_gpio_getcfg() call should be a functional replacement for + this call. + Configuring a pull-up resistor ------------------------------ @@ -95,6 +159,10 @@ Configuring a pull-up resistor Where the to value is zero to set the pull-up off, and 1 to enable the specified pull-up. Any other values are currently undefined. + The s3c_gpio_setpull() offers similar functionality, but with the + ability to encode whether the pull is up or down. Currently there + is no 'just on' state, so up or down must be selected. + Getting the state of a PIN -------------------------- @@ -106,6 +174,9 @@ Getting the state of a PIN This will return either zero or non-zero. Do not count on this function returning 1 if the pin is set. + This call is now implemented by the relevant gpiolib calls, convert + your board or driver to use gpiolib. + Setting the state of a PIN -------------------------- @@ -117,6 +188,9 @@ Setting the state of a PIN Which sets the given pin to the value. Use 0 to write 0, and 1 to set the output to 1. + This call is now implemented by the relevant gpiolib calls, convert + your board or driver to use gpiolib. + Getting the IRQ number associated with a PIN -------------------------------------------- @@ -128,6 +202,9 @@ Getting the IRQ number associated with a PIN Note, not all pins have an IRQ. + This call is now implemented by the relevant gpiolib calls, convert + your board or driver to use gpiolib. + Authour ------- diff --git a/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/Overview.txt b/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/Overview.txt index 081892d..c12bfc1 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/Overview.txt +++ b/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/Overview.txt @@ -8,10 +8,16 @@ Introduction The Samsung S3C24XX range of ARM9 System-on-Chip CPUs are supported by the 's3c2410' architecture of ARM Linux. Currently the S3C2410, - S3C2412, S3C2413, S3C2440, S3C2442 and S3C2443 devices are supported. + S3C2412, S3C2413, S3C2416 S3C2440, S3C2442, S3C2443 and S3C2450 devices + are supported. Support for the S3C2400 and S3C24A0 series are in progress. + The S3C2416 and S3C2450 devices are very similar and S3C2450 support is + included under the arch/arm/mach-s3c2416 directory. Note, whilst core + support for these SoCs is in, work on some of the extra peripherals + and extra interrupts is still ongoing. + Configuration ------------- @@ -209,6 +215,13 @@ GPIO Newer kernels carry GPIOLIB, and support is being moved towards this with some of the older support in line to be removed. + As of v2.6.34, the move towards using gpiolib support is almost + complete, and very little of the old calls are left. + + See Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/GPIO.txt for the S3C24XX specific + support and Documentation/arm/Samsung/GPIO.txt for the core Samsung + implementation. + Clock Management ---------------- diff --git a/Documentation/arm/Samsung/GPIO.txt b/Documentation/arm/Samsung/GPIO.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..05850c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/arm/Samsung/GPIO.txt @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ + Samsung GPIO implementation + =========================== + +Introduction +------------ + +This outlines the Samsung GPIO implementation and the architecture +specfic calls provided alongisde the drivers/gpio core. + + +S3C24XX (Legacy) +---------------- + +See Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/GPIO.txt for more information +about these devices. Their implementation is being brought into line +with the core samsung implementation described in this document. + + +GPIOLIB integration +------------------- + +The gpio implementation uses gpiolib as much as possible, only providing +specific calls for the items that require Samsung specific handling, such +as pin special-function or pull resistor control. + +GPIO numbering is synchronised between the Samsung and gpiolib system. + + +PIN configuration +----------------- + +Pin configuration is specific to the Samsung architecutre, with each SoC +registering the necessary information for the core gpio configuration +implementation to configure pins as necessary. + +The s3c_gpio_cfgpin() and s3c_gpio_setpull() provide the means for a +driver or machine to change gpio configuration. + +See arch/arm/plat-samsung/include/plat/gpio-cfg.h for more information +on these functions. + + diff --git a/Documentation/arm/Samsung/Overview.txt b/Documentation/arm/Samsung/Overview.txt index 7cced1f..c3094ea 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/Samsung/Overview.txt +++ b/Documentation/arm/Samsung/Overview.txt @@ -13,9 +13,10 @@ Introduction - S3C24XX: See Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/Overview.txt for full list - S3C64XX: S3C6400 and S3C6410 - - S5PC6440 - - S5PC100 and S5PC110 support is currently being merged + - S5P6440 + - S5P6442 + - S5PC100 + - S5PC110 / S5PV210 S3C24XX Systems @@ -35,7 +36,10 @@ Configuration unifying all the SoCs into one kernel. s5p6440_defconfig - S5P6440 specific default configuration + s5p6442_defconfig - S5P6442 specific default configuration s5pc100_defconfig - S5PC100 specific default configuration + s5pc110_defconfig - S5PC110 specific default configuration + s5pv210_defconfig - S5PV210 specific default configuration Layout @@ -50,18 +54,27 @@ Layout specific information. It contains the base clock, GPIO and device definitions to get the system running. - plat-s3c is the s3c24xx/s3c64xx platform directory, although it is currently - involved in other builds this will be phased out once the relevant code is - moved elsewhere. - plat-s3c24xx is for s3c24xx specific builds, see the S3C24XX docs. - plat-s3c64xx is for the s3c64xx specific bits, see the S3C24XX docs. + plat-s5p is for s5p specific builds, and contains common support for the + S5P specific systems. Not all S5Ps use all the features in this directory + due to differences in the hardware. + + +Layout changes +-------------- + + The old plat-s3c and plat-s5pc1xx directories have been removed, with + support moved to either plat-samsung or plat-s5p as necessary. These moves + where to simplify the include and dependency issues involved with having + so many different platform directories. - plat-s5p is for s5p specific builds, more to be added. + It was decided to remove plat-s5pc1xx as some of the support was already + in plat-s5p or plat-samsung, with the S5PC110 support added with S5PV210 + the only user was the S5PC100. The S5PC100 specific items where moved to + arch/arm/mach-s5pc100. - [ to finish ] Port Contributors diff --git a/Documentation/arm/Sharp-LH/ADC-LH7-Touchscreen b/Documentation/arm/Sharp-LH/ADC-LH7-Touchscreen index 1e6a23f..dc460f0 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/Sharp-LH/ADC-LH7-Touchscreen +++ b/Documentation/arm/Sharp-LH/ADC-LH7-Touchscreen @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ The driver only implements a four-wire touch panel protocol. The touchscreen driver is maintenance free except for the pen-down or touch threshold. Some resistive displays and board combinations may -require tuning of this threshold. The driver exposes some of it's +require tuning of this threshold. The driver exposes some of its internal state in the sys filesystem. If the kernel is configured with it, CONFIG_SYSFS, and sysfs is mounted at /sys, there will be a directory diff --git a/Documentation/arm/memory.txt b/Documentation/arm/memory.txt index eb0fae1..771d48d 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/memory.txt +++ b/Documentation/arm/memory.txt @@ -33,7 +33,13 @@ ffff0000 ffff0fff CPU vector page. fffe0000 fffeffff XScale cache flush area. This is used in proc-xscale.S to flush the whole data - cache. Free for other usage on non-XScale. + cache. (XScale does not have TCM.) + +fffe8000 fffeffff DTCM mapping area for platforms with + DTCM mounted inside the CPU. + +fffe0000 fffe7fff ITCM mapping area for platforms with + ITCM mounted inside the CPU. fff00000 fffdffff Fixmap mapping region. Addresses provided by fix_to_virt() will be located here. diff --git a/Documentation/arm/tcm.txt b/Documentation/arm/tcm.txt index 77fd937..7c15871 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/tcm.txt +++ b/Documentation/arm/tcm.txt @@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ defines a CPUID_TCM register that you can read out from the system control coprocessor. Documentation from ARM can be found at http://infocenter.arm.com, search for "TCM Status Register" to see documents for all CPUs. Reading this register you can -determine if ITCM (bit 0) and/or DTCM (bit 16) is present in the -machine. +determine if ITCM (bits 1-0) and/or DTCM (bit 17-16) is present +in the machine. There is further a TCM region register (search for "TCM Region Registers" at the ARM site) that can report and modify the location @@ -35,7 +35,15 @@ The TCM memory can then be remapped to another address again using the MMU, but notice that the TCM if often used in situations where the MMU is turned off. To avoid confusion the current Linux implementation will map the TCM 1 to 1 from physical to virtual -memory in the location specified by the machine. +memory in the location specified by the kernel. Currently Linux +will map ITCM to 0xfffe0000 and on, and DTCM to 0xfffe8000 and +on, supporting a maximum of 32KiB of ITCM and 32KiB of DTCM. + +Newer versions of the region registers also support dividing these +TCMs in two separate banks, so for example an 8KiB ITCM is divided +into two 4KiB banks with its own control registers. The idea is to +be able to lock and hide one of the banks for use by the secure +world (TrustZone). TCM is used for a few things: @@ -65,18 +73,18 @@ in <asm/tcm.h>. Using this interface it is possible to: memory. Such a heap is great for things like saving device state when shutting off device power domains. -A machine that has TCM memory shall select HAVE_TCM in -arch/arm/Kconfig for itself, and then the -rest of the functionality will depend on the physical -location and size of ITCM and DTCM to be defined in -mach/memory.h for the machine. Code that needs to use -TCM shall #include <asm/tcm.h> If the TCM is not located -at the place given in memory.h it will be moved using -the TCM Region registers. +A machine that has TCM memory shall select HAVE_TCM from +arch/arm/Kconfig for itself. Code that needs to use TCM shall +#include <asm/tcm.h> Functions to go into itcm can be tagged like this: int __tcmfunc foo(int bar); +Since these are marked to become long_calls and you may want +to have functions called locally inside the TCM without +wasting space, there is also the __tcmlocalfunc prefix that +will make the call relative. + Variables to go into dtcm can be tagged like this: int __tcmdata foo; diff --git a/Documentation/atomic_ops.txt b/Documentation/atomic_ops.txt index 396bec3..ac4d471 100644 --- a/Documentation/atomic_ops.txt +++ b/Documentation/atomic_ops.txt @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ counter decrement would not become globally visible until the obj->active update does. As a historical note, 32-bit Sparc used to only allow usage of -24-bits of it's atomic_t type. This was because it used 8 bits +24-bits of its atomic_t type. This was because it used 8 bits as a spinlock for SMP safety. Sparc32 lacked a "compare and swap" type instruction. However, 32-bit Sparc has since been moved over to a "hash table of spinlocks" scheme, that allows the full 32-bit diff --git a/Documentation/binfmt_misc.txt b/Documentation/binfmt_misc.txt index f609ebf..c1ed694 100644 --- a/Documentation/binfmt_misc.txt +++ b/Documentation/binfmt_misc.txt @@ -111,6 +111,6 @@ cause unexpected behaviour and can be a security hazard. There is a web page about binfmt_misc at -http://www.tat.physik.uni-tuebingen.de/~rguenth/linux/binfmt_misc.html +http://www.tat.physik.uni-tuebingen.de Richard Günther <rguenth@tat.physik.uni-tuebingen.de> diff --git a/Documentation/blackfin/00-INDEX b/Documentation/blackfin/00-INDEX index c34e124..2df0365 100644 --- a/Documentation/blackfin/00-INDEX +++ b/Documentation/blackfin/00-INDEX @@ -1,11 +1,8 @@ 00-INDEX - This file -cachefeatures.txt - - Supported cache features. - -Filesystems - - Requirements for mounting the root file system. - -bfin-gpio-note.txt +bfin-gpio-notes.txt - Notes in developing/using bfin-gpio driver. + +bfin-spi-notes.txt + - Notes for using bfin spi bus driver. diff --git a/Documentation/blackfin/Filesystems b/Documentation/blackfin/Filesystems deleted file mode 100644 index 51260a1..0000000 --- a/Documentation/blackfin/Filesystems +++ /dev/null @@ -1,169 +0,0 @@ -/* - * File: Documentation/blackfin/Filesystems - * Based on: - * Author: - * - * Created: - * Description: This file contains the simple DMA Implementation for Blackfin - * - * Rev: $Id: Filesystems 2384 2006-11-01 04:12:43Z magicyang $ - * - * Modified: - * Copyright 2004-2006 Analog Devices Inc. - * - * Bugs: Enter bugs at http://blackfin.uclinux.org/ - * - */ - - How to mount the root file system in uClinux/Blackfin - ----------------------------------------------------- - -1 Mounting EXT3 File system. - ------------------------ - - Creating an EXT3 File system for uClinux/Blackfin: - - -Please follow the steps to form the EXT3 File system and mount the same as root -file system. - -a Make an ext3 file system as large as you want the final root file - system. - - mkfs.ext3 /dev/ram0 <your-rootfs-size-in-1k-blocks> - -b Mount this Empty file system on a free directory as: - - mount -t ext3 /dev/ram0 ./test - where ./test is the empty directory. - -c Copy your root fs directory that you have so carefully made over. - - cp -af /tmp/my_final_rootfs_files/* ./test - - (For ex: cp -af uClinux-dist/romfs/* ./test) - -d If you have done everything right till now you should be able to see - the required "root" dir's (that's etc, root, bin, lib, sbin...) - -e Now unmount the file system - - umount ./test - -f Create the root file system image. - - dd if=/dev/ram0 bs=1k count=<your-rootfs-size-in-1k-blocks> \ - > ext3fs.img - - -Now you have to tell the kernel that will be mounting this file system as -rootfs. -So do a make menuconfig under kernel and select the Ext3 journaling file system -support under File system --> submenu. - - -2. Mounting EXT2 File system. - ------------------------- - -By default the ext2 file system image will be created if you invoke make from -the top uClinux-dist directory. - - -3. Mounting CRAMFS File System - ---------------------------- - -To create a CRAMFS file system image execute the command - - mkfs.cramfs ./test cramfs.img - - where ./test is the target directory. - - -4. Mounting ROMFS File System - -------------------------- - -To create a ROMFS file system image execute the command - - genromfs -v -V "ROMdisk" -f romfs.img -d ./test - - where ./test is the target directory - - -5. Mounting the JFFS2 Filesystem - ----------------------------- - -To create a compressed JFFS filesystem (JFFS2), please execute the command - - mkfs.jffs2 -d ./test -o jffs2.img - - where ./test is the target directory. - -However, please make sure the following is in your kernel config. - -/* - * RAM/ROM/Flash chip drivers - */ -#define CONFIG_MTD_CFI 1 -#define CONFIG_MTD_ROM 1 -/* - * Mapping drivers for chip access - */ -#define CONFIG_MTD_COMPLEX_MAPPINGS 1 -#define CONFIG_MTD_BF533 1 -#undef CONFIG_MTD_UCLINUX - -Through the u-boot boot loader, use the jffs2.img in the corresponding -partition made in linux-2.6.x/drivers/mtd/maps/bf533_flash.c. - -NOTE - Currently the Flash driver is available only for EZKIT. Watch out for a - STAMP driver soon. - - -6. Mounting the NFS File system - ----------------------------- - - For mounting the NFS please do the following in the kernel config. - - In Networking Support --> Networking options --> TCP/IP networking --> - IP: kernel level autoconfiguration - - Enable BOOTP Support. - - In Kernel hacking --> Compiled-in kernel boot parameter add the following - - root=/dev/nfs rw ip=bootp - - In File system --> Network File system, Enable - - NFS file system support --> NFSv3 client support - Root File system on NFS - - in uClibc menuconfig, do the following - In Networking Support - enable Remote Procedure Call (RPC) support - Full RPC Support - - On the Host side, ensure that /etc/dhcpd.conf looks something like this - - ddns-update-style ad-hoc; - allow bootp; - subnet 10.100.4.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { - default-lease-time 122209600; - max-lease-time 31557600; - group { - host bf533 { - hardware ethernet 00:CF:52:49:C3:01; - fixed-address 10.100.4.50; - option root-path "/home/nfsmount"; - } - } - - ensure that /etc/exports looks something like this - /home/nfsmount *(rw,no_root_squash,no_all_squash) - - run the following commands as root (may differ depending on your - distribution) : - - service nfs start - - service portmap start - - service dhcpd start - - /usr/sbin/exportfs diff --git a/Documentation/blackfin/bfin-gpio-notes.txt b/Documentation/blackfin/bfin-gpio-notes.txt index 9898c7de..f731c1e 100644 --- a/Documentation/blackfin/bfin-gpio-notes.txt +++ b/Documentation/blackfin/bfin-gpio-notes.txt @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ void bfin_gpio_irq_free(unsigned gpio); The request functions will record the function state for a certain pin, - the free functions will clear it's function state. + the free functions will clear its function state. Once a pin is requested, it can't be requested again before it is freed by previous caller, otherwise kernel will dump stacks, and the request function fail. diff --git a/Documentation/blackfin/bfin-spi-notes.txt b/Documentation/blackfin/bfin-spi-notes.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..556fa87 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/blackfin/bfin-spi-notes.txt @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +SPI Chip Select behavior: + +With the Blackfin on-chip SPI peripheral, there is some logic tied to the CPHA +bit whether the Slave Select Line is controlled by hardware (CPHA=0) or +controlled by software (CPHA=1). However, the Linux SPI bus driver assumes that +the Slave Select is always under software control and being asserted during +the entire SPI transfer. - And not just bits_per_word duration. + +In most cases you can utilize SPI MODE_3 instead of MODE_0 to work-around this +behavior. If your SPI slave device in question requires SPI MODE_0 or MODE_2 +timing, you can utilize the GPIO controlled SPI Slave Select option instead. + +You can even use the same pin whose peripheral role is a SSEL, +but use it as a GPIO instead. diff --git a/Documentation/blackfin/cachefeatures.txt b/Documentation/blackfin/cachefeatures.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 75de51f..0000000 --- a/Documentation/blackfin/cachefeatures.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -/* - * File: Documentation/blackfin/cachefeatures.txt - * Based on: - * Author: - * - * Created: - * Description: This file contains the simple DMA Implementation for Blackfin - * - * Rev: $Id: cachefeatures.txt 2384 2006-11-01 04:12:43Z magicyang $ - * - * Modified: - * Copyright 2004-2006 Analog Devices Inc. - * - * Bugs: Enter bugs at http://blackfin.uclinux.org/ - * - */ - - - Instruction and Data cache initialization. - icache_init(); - dcache_init(); - - - Instruction and Data cache Invalidation Routines, when flushing the - same is not required. - _icache_invalidate(); - _dcache_invalidate(); - - Also, for invalidating the entire instruction and data cache, the below - routines are provided (another method for invalidation, refer page no 267 and 287 of - ADSP-BF533 Hardware Reference manual) - - invalidate_entire_dcache(); - invalidate_entire_icache(); - - -External Flushing of Instruction and data cache routines. - - flush_instruction_cache(); - flush_data_cache(); - - - Internal Flushing of Instruction and Data Cache. - - icplb_flush(); - dcplb_flush(); - - - Miscellaneous cache functions. - - flush_cache_all(); - flush_cache_mm(); - invalidate_dcache_range(); - flush_dcache_range(); - flush_dcache_page(); - flush_cache_range(); - flush_cache_page(); - invalidate_dcache_range(); - flush_page_to_ram(); - diff --git a/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt b/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt index 508b5b2..b9a83dd 100644 --- a/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt +++ b/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Notes Written on Jan 15, 2002: Last Updated May 2, 2002 September 2003: Updated I/O Scheduler portions - Nick Piggin <piggin@cyberone.com.au> + Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk> Introduction: diff --git a/Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt b/Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt index e431267..ee6717e 100644 --- a/Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt +++ b/Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt @@ -412,6 +412,6 @@ have in your mail headers, when sending mail to the list server. You might also find some useful information on the linux-parport web pages (although they are not always up to date) at - http://www.torque.net/parport/ + http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.torque.net/parport/ diff --git a/Documentation/IO-mapping.txt b/Documentation/bus-virt-phys-mapping.txt index 1b5aa10..1b5aa10 100644 --- a/Documentation/IO-mapping.txt +++ b/Documentation/bus-virt-phys-mapping.txt diff --git a/Documentation/cachetlb.txt b/Documentation/cachetlb.txt index 2b5f823..9164ae3 100644 --- a/Documentation/cachetlb.txt +++ b/Documentation/cachetlb.txt @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ This document describes the cache/tlb flushing interfaces called by the Linux VM subsystem. It enumerates over each interface, -describes it's intended purpose, and what side effect is expected +describes its intended purpose, and what side effect is expected after the interface is invoked. The side effects described below are stated for a uniprocessor @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ require a whole different set of interfaces to handle properly. The biggest problem is that of virtual aliasing in the data cache of a processor. -Is your port susceptible to virtual aliasing in it's D-cache? +Is your port susceptible to virtual aliasing in its D-cache? Well, if your D-cache is virtually indexed, is larger in size than PAGE_SIZE, and does not prevent multiple cache lines for the same physical address from existing at once, you have this problem. @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ one way to solve this (in particular SPARC_FLAG_MMAPSHARED). Next, you have to solve the D-cache aliasing issue for all other cases. Please keep in mind that fact that, for a given page mapped into some user address space, there is always at least one more -mapping, that of the kernel in it's linear mapping starting at +mapping, that of the kernel in its linear mapping starting at PAGE_OFFSET. So immediately, once the first user maps a given physical page into its address space, by implication the D-cache aliasing problem has the potential to exist since the kernel already diff --git a/Documentation/cdrom/packet-writing.txt b/Documentation/cdrom/packet-writing.txt index 1c40777..13c251d 100644 --- a/Documentation/cdrom/packet-writing.txt +++ b/Documentation/cdrom/packet-writing.txt @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ Using the pktcdvd sysfs interface Since Linux 2.6.20, the pktcdvd module has a sysfs interface and can be controlled by it. For example the "pktcdvd" tool uses -this interface. (see http://people.freenet.de/BalaGi#pktcdvd ) +this interface. (see http://tom.ist-im-web.de/download/pktcdvd ) "pktcdvd" works similar to "pktsetup", e.g.: diff --git a/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt b/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt index 630879c..48e0b21 100644 --- a/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt +++ b/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt @@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ HOWTO You can do a very simple testing of running two dd threads in two different cgroups. Here is what you can do. +- Enable Block IO controller + CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP=y + - Enable group scheduling in CFQ CONFIG_CFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED=y @@ -54,32 +57,52 @@ cgroups. Here is what you can do. Various user visible config options =================================== -CONFIG_CFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED - - Enables group scheduling in CFQ. Currently only 1 level of group - creation is allowed. - -CONFIG_DEBUG_CFQ_IOSCHED - - Enables some debugging messages in blktrace. Also creates extra - cgroup file blkio.dequeue. - -Config options selected automatically -===================================== -These config options are not user visible and are selected/deselected -automatically based on IO scheduler configuration. - CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP - - Block IO controller. Selected by CONFIG_CFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED. + - Block IO controller. CONFIG_DEBUG_BLK_CGROUP - - Debug help. Selected by CONFIG_DEBUG_CFQ_IOSCHED. + - Debug help. Right now some additional stats file show up in cgroup + if this option is enabled. + +CONFIG_CFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED + - Enables group scheduling in CFQ. Currently only 1 level of group + creation is allowed. Details of cgroup files ======================= - blkio.weight - - Specifies per cgroup weight. - + - Specifies per cgroup weight. This is default weight of the group + on all the devices until and unless overridden by per device rule. + (See blkio.weight_device). Currently allowed range of weights is from 100 to 1000. +- blkio.weight_device + - One can specify per cgroup per device rules using this interface. + These rules override the default value of group weight as specified + by blkio.weight. + + Following is the format. + + #echo dev_maj:dev_minor weight > /path/to/cgroup/blkio.weight_device + Configure weight=300 on /dev/sdb (8:16) in this cgroup + # echo 8:16 300 > blkio.weight_device + # cat blkio.weight_device + dev weight + 8:16 300 + + Configure weight=500 on /dev/sda (8:0) in this cgroup + # echo 8:0 500 > blkio.weight_device + # cat blkio.weight_device + dev weight + 8:0 500 + 8:16 300 + + Remove specific weight for /dev/sda in this cgroup + # echo 8:0 0 > blkio.weight_device + # cat blkio.weight_device + dev weight + 8:16 300 + - blkio.time - disk time allocated to cgroup per device in milliseconds. First two fields specify the major and minor number of the device and @@ -92,13 +115,105 @@ Details of cgroup files third field specifies the number of sectors transferred by the group to/from the device. +- blkio.io_service_bytes + - Number of bytes transferred to/from the disk by the group. These + are further divided by the type of operation - read or write, sync + or async. First two fields specify the major and minor number of the + device, third field specifies the operation type and the fourth field + specifies the number of bytes. + +- blkio.io_serviced + - Number of IOs completed to/from the disk by the group. These + are further divided by the type of operation - read or write, sync + or async. First two fields specify the major and minor number of the + device, third field specifies the operation type and the fourth field + specifies the number of IOs. + +- blkio.io_service_time + - Total amount of time between request dispatch and request completion + for the IOs done by this cgroup. This is in nanoseconds to make it + meaningful for flash devices too. For devices with queue depth of 1, + this time represents the actual service time. When queue_depth > 1, + that is no longer true as requests may be served out of order. This + may cause the service time for a given IO to include the service time + of multiple IOs when served out of order which may result in total + io_service_time > actual time elapsed. This time is further divided by + the type of operation - read or write, sync or async. First two fields + specify the major and minor number of the device, third field + specifies the operation type and the fourth field specifies the + io_service_time in ns. + +- blkio.io_wait_time + - Total amount of time the IOs for this cgroup spent waiting in the + scheduler queues for service. This can be greater than the total time + elapsed since it is cumulative io_wait_time for all IOs. It is not a + measure of total time the cgroup spent waiting but rather a measure of + the wait_time for its individual IOs. For devices with queue_depth > 1 + this metric does not include the time spent waiting for service once + the IO is dispatched to the device but till it actually gets serviced + (there might be a time lag here due to re-ordering of requests by the + device). This is in nanoseconds to make it meaningful for flash + devices too. This time is further divided by the type of operation - + read or write, sync or async. First two fields specify the major and + minor number of the device, third field specifies the operation type + and the fourth field specifies the io_wait_time in ns. + +- blkio.io_merged + - Total number of bios/requests merged into requests belonging to this + cgroup. This is further divided by the type of operation - read or + write, sync or async. + +- blkio.io_queued + - Total number of requests queued up at any given instant for this + cgroup. This is further divided by the type of operation - read or + write, sync or async. + +- blkio.avg_queue_size + - Debugging aid only enabled if CONFIG_DEBUG_BLK_CGROUP=y. + The average queue size for this cgroup over the entire time of this + cgroup's existence. Queue size samples are taken each time one of the + queues of this cgroup gets a timeslice. + +- blkio.group_wait_time + - Debugging aid only enabled if CONFIG_DEBUG_BLK_CGROUP=y. + This is the amount of time the cgroup had to wait since it became busy + (i.e., went from 0 to 1 request queued) to get a timeslice for one of + its queues. This is different from the io_wait_time which is the + cumulative total of the amount of time spent by each IO in that cgroup + waiting in the scheduler queue. This is in nanoseconds. If this is + read when the cgroup is in a waiting (for timeslice) state, the stat + will only report the group_wait_time accumulated till the last time it + got a timeslice and will not include the current delta. + +- blkio.empty_time + - Debugging aid only enabled if CONFIG_DEBUG_BLK_CGROUP=y. + This is the amount of time a cgroup spends without any pending + requests when not being served, i.e., it does not include any time + spent idling for one of the queues of the cgroup. This is in + nanoseconds. If this is read when the cgroup is in an empty state, + the stat will only report the empty_time accumulated till the last + time it had a pending request and will not include the current delta. + +- blkio.idle_time + - Debugging aid only enabled if CONFIG_DEBUG_BLK_CGROUP=y. + This is the amount of time spent by the IO scheduler idling for a + given cgroup in anticipation of a better request than the exising ones + from other queues/cgroups. This is in nanoseconds. If this is read + when the cgroup is in an idling state, the stat will only report the + idle_time accumulated till the last idle period and will not include + the current delta. + - blkio.dequeue - - Debugging aid only enabled if CONFIG_DEBUG_CFQ_IOSCHED=y. This + - Debugging aid only enabled if CONFIG_DEBUG_BLK_CGROUP=y. This gives the statistics about how many a times a group was dequeued from service tree of the device. First two fields specify the major and minor number of the device and third field specifies the number of times a group was dequeued from a particular device. +- blkio.reset_stats + - Writing an int to this file will result in resetting all the stats + for that cgroup. + CFQ sysfs tunable ================= /sys/block/<disk>/queue/iosched/group_isolation diff --git a/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt b/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt index a1ca592..b34823f 100644 --- a/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt +++ b/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt @@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ To mount a cgroup hierarchy with all available subsystems, type: The "xxx" is not interpreted by the cgroup code, but will appear in /proc/mounts so may be any useful identifying string that you like. -To mount a cgroup hierarchy with just the cpuset and numtasks +To mount a cgroup hierarchy with just the cpuset and memory subsystems, type: # mount -t cgroup -o cpuset,memory hier1 /dev/cgroup @@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ void cancel_attach(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cgroup *cgrp, Called when a task attach operation has failed after can_attach() has succeeded. A subsystem whose can_attach() has some side-effects should provide this -function, so that the subsytem can implement a rollback. If not, not necessary. +function, so that the subsystem can implement a rollback. If not, not necessary. This will be called only about subsystems whose can_attach() operation have succeeded. diff --git a/Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt b/Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt index 4160df8..5d0d569 100644 --- a/Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt +++ b/Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Nodes to a set of tasks. In this document "Memory Node" refers to an on-line node that contains memory. Cpusets constrain the CPU and Memory placement of tasks to only -the resources within a tasks current cpuset. They form a nested +the resources within a task's current cpuset. They form a nested hierarchy visible in a virtual file system. These are the essential hooks, beyond what is already present, required to manage dynamic job placement on large systems. @@ -53,11 +53,11 @@ Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt. Requests by a task, using the sched_setaffinity(2) system call to include CPUs in its CPU affinity mask, and using the mbind(2) and set_mempolicy(2) system calls to include Memory Nodes in its memory -policy, are both filtered through that tasks cpuset, filtering out any +policy, are both filtered through that task's cpuset, filtering out any CPUs or Memory Nodes not in that cpuset. The scheduler will not schedule a task on a CPU that is not allowed in its cpus_allowed vector, and the kernel page allocator will not allocate a page on a -node that is not allowed in the requesting tasks mems_allowed vector. +node that is not allowed in the requesting task's mems_allowed vector. User level code may create and destroy cpusets by name in the cgroup virtual file system, manage the attributes and permissions of these @@ -121,9 +121,9 @@ Cpusets extends these two mechanisms as follows: - Each task in the system is attached to a cpuset, via a pointer in the task structure to a reference counted cgroup structure. - Calls to sched_setaffinity are filtered to just those CPUs - allowed in that tasks cpuset. + allowed in that task's cpuset. - Calls to mbind and set_mempolicy are filtered to just - those Memory Nodes allowed in that tasks cpuset. + those Memory Nodes allowed in that task's cpuset. - The root cpuset contains all the systems CPUs and Memory Nodes. - For any cpuset, one can define child cpusets containing a subset @@ -141,11 +141,11 @@ into the rest of the kernel, none in performance critical paths: - in init/main.c, to initialize the root cpuset at system boot. - in fork and exit, to attach and detach a task from its cpuset. - in sched_setaffinity, to mask the requested CPUs by what's - allowed in that tasks cpuset. + allowed in that task's cpuset. - in sched.c migrate_live_tasks(), to keep migrating tasks within the CPUs allowed by their cpuset, if possible. - in the mbind and set_mempolicy system calls, to mask the requested - Memory Nodes by what's allowed in that tasks cpuset. + Memory Nodes by what's allowed in that task's cpuset. - in page_alloc.c, to restrict memory to allowed nodes. - in vmscan.c, to restrict page recovery to the current cpuset. @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ new system calls are added for cpusets - all support for querying and modifying cpusets is via this cpuset file system. The /proc/<pid>/status file for each task has four added lines, -displaying the tasks cpus_allowed (on which CPUs it may be scheduled) +displaying the task's cpus_allowed (on which CPUs it may be scheduled) and mems_allowed (on which Memory Nodes it may obtain memory), in the two formats seen in the following example: @@ -323,17 +323,17 @@ stack segment pages of a task. By default, both kinds of memory spreading are off, and memory pages are allocated on the node local to where the task is running, -except perhaps as modified by the tasks NUMA mempolicy or cpuset +except perhaps as modified by the task's NUMA mempolicy or cpuset configuration, so long as sufficient free memory pages are available. When new cpusets are created, they inherit the memory spread settings of their parent. Setting memory spreading causes allocations for the affected page -or slab caches to ignore the tasks NUMA mempolicy and be spread +or slab caches to ignore the task's NUMA mempolicy and be spread instead. Tasks using mbind() or set_mempolicy() calls to set NUMA mempolicies will not notice any change in these calls as a result of -their containing tasks memory spread settings. If memory spreading +their containing task's memory spread settings. If memory spreading is turned off, then the currently specified NUMA mempolicy once again applies to memory page allocations. @@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ pages from the node returned by cpuset_mem_spread_node(). The cpuset_mem_spread_node() routine is also simple. It uses the value of a per-task rotor cpuset_mem_spread_rotor to select the next -node in the current tasks mems_allowed to prefer for the allocation. +node in the current task's mems_allowed to prefer for the allocation. This memory placement policy is also known (in other contexts) as round-robin or interleave. @@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ is attached, is subtle. If a cpuset has its Memory Nodes modified, then for each task attached to that cpuset, the next time that the kernel attempts to allocate a page of memory for that task, the kernel will notice the change -in the tasks cpuset, and update its per-task memory placement to +in the task's cpuset, and update its per-task memory placement to remain within the new cpusets memory placement. If the task was using mempolicy MPOL_BIND, and the nodes to which it was bound overlap with its new cpuset, then the task will continue to use whatever subset @@ -603,13 +603,13 @@ was using MPOL_BIND and now none of its MPOL_BIND nodes are allowed in the new cpuset, then the task will be essentially treated as if it was MPOL_BIND bound to the new cpuset (even though its NUMA placement, as queried by get_mempolicy(), doesn't change). If a task is moved -from one cpuset to another, then the kernel will adjust the tasks +from one cpuset to another, then the kernel will adjust the task's memory placement, as above, the next time that the kernel attempts to allocate a page of memory for that task. If a cpuset has its 'cpuset.cpus' modified, then each task in that cpuset will have its allowed CPU placement changed immediately. Similarly, -if a tasks pid is written to another cpusets 'cpuset.tasks' file, then its +if a task's pid is written to another cpusets 'cpuset.tasks' file, then its allowed CPU placement is changed immediately. If such a task had been bound to some subset of its cpuset using the sched_setaffinity() call, the task will be allowed to run on any CPU allowed in its new cpuset, @@ -626,16 +626,16 @@ cpusets memory placement policy 'cpuset.mems' subsequently changes. If the cpuset flag file 'cpuset.memory_migrate' is set true, then when tasks are attached to that cpuset, any pages that task had allocated to it on nodes in its previous cpuset are migrated -to the tasks new cpuset. The relative placement of the page within +to the task's new cpuset. The relative placement of the page within the cpuset is preserved during these migration operations if possible. For example if the page was on the second valid node of the prior cpuset then the page will be placed on the second valid node of the new cpuset. -Also if 'cpuset.memory_migrate' is set true, then if that cpusets +Also if 'cpuset.memory_migrate' is set true, then if that cpuset's 'cpuset.mems' file is modified, pages allocated to tasks in that cpuset, that were on nodes in the previous setting of 'cpuset.mems', will be moved to nodes in the new setting of 'mems.' -Pages that were not in the tasks prior cpuset, or in the cpusets +Pages that were not in the task's prior cpuset, or in the cpuset's prior 'cpuset.mems' setting, will not be moved. There is an exception to the above. If hotplug functionality is used @@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ There is a second exception to the above. GFP_ATOMIC requests are kernel internal allocations that must be satisfied, immediately. The kernel may drop some request, in rare cases even panic, if a GFP_ATOMIC alloc fails. If the request cannot be satisfied within -the current tasks cpuset, then we relax the cpuset, and look for +the current task's cpuset, then we relax the cpuset, and look for memory anywhere we can find it. It's better to violate the cpuset than stress the kernel. @@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ There are ways to query or modify cpusets: cat, rmdir commands from the shell, or their equivalent from C. - via the C library libcpuset. - via the C library libcgroup. - (http://sourceforge.net/proects/libcg/) + (http://sourceforge.net/projects/libcg/) - via the python application cset. (http://developer.novell.com/wiki/index.php/Cpuset) diff --git a/Documentation/cgroups/memcg_test.txt b/Documentation/cgroups/memcg_test.txt index f7f68b2..b7eecec 100644 --- a/Documentation/cgroups/memcg_test.txt +++ b/Documentation/cgroups/memcg_test.txt @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ Under below explanation, we assume CONFIG_MEM_RES_CTRL_SWAP=y. we have to check if OLDPAGE/NEWPAGE is a valid page after commit(). 8. LRU - Each memcg has its own private LRU. Now, it's handling is under global + Each memcg has its own private LRU. Now, its handling is under global VM's control (means that it's handled under global zone->lru_lock). Almost all routines around memcg's LRU is called by global LRU's list management functions under zone->lru_lock(). diff --git a/Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt b/Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt index 3a6aecd..7781857 100644 --- a/Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt +++ b/Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt @@ -1,18 +1,15 @@ Memory Resource Controller NOTE: The Memory Resource Controller has been generically been referred -to as the memory controller in this document. Do not confuse memory controller -used here with the memory controller that is used in hardware. + to as the memory controller in this document. Do not confuse memory + controller used here with the memory controller that is used in hardware. -Salient features - -a. Enable control of Anonymous, Page Cache (mapped and unmapped) and - Swap Cache memory pages. -b. The infrastructure allows easy addition of other types of memory to control -c. Provides *zero overhead* for non memory controller users -d. Provides a double LRU: global memory pressure causes reclaim from the - global LRU; a cgroup on hitting a limit, reclaims from the per - cgroup LRU +(For editors) +In this document: + When we mention a cgroup (cgroupfs's directory) with memory controller, + we call it "memory cgroup". When you see git-log and source code, you'll + see patch's title and function names tend to use "memcg". + In this document, we avoid using it. Benefits and Purpose of the memory controller @@ -33,6 +30,45 @@ d. A CD/DVD burner could control the amount of memory used by the e. There are several other use cases, find one or use the controller just for fun (to learn and hack on the VM subsystem). +Current Status: linux-2.6.34-mmotm(development version of 2010/April) + +Features: + - accounting anonymous pages, file caches, swap caches usage and limiting them. + - private LRU and reclaim routine. (system's global LRU and private LRU + work independently from each other) + - optionally, memory+swap usage can be accounted and limited. + - hierarchical accounting + - soft limit + - moving(recharging) account at moving a task is selectable. + - usage threshold notifier + - oom-killer disable knob and oom-notifier + - Root cgroup has no limit controls. + + Kernel memory and Hugepages are not under control yet. We just manage + pages on LRU. To add more controls, we have to take care of performance. + +Brief summary of control files. + + tasks # attach a task(thread) and show list of threads + cgroup.procs # show list of processes + cgroup.event_control # an interface for event_fd() + memory.usage_in_bytes # show current memory(RSS+Cache) usage. + memory.memsw.usage_in_bytes # show current memory+Swap usage + memory.limit_in_bytes # set/show limit of memory usage + memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes # set/show limit of memory+Swap usage + memory.failcnt # show the number of memory usage hits limits + memory.memsw.failcnt # show the number of memory+Swap hits limits + memory.max_usage_in_bytes # show max memory usage recorded + memory.memsw.usage_in_bytes # show max memory+Swap usage recorded + memory.soft_limit_in_bytes # set/show soft limit of memory usage + memory.stat # show various statistics + memory.use_hierarchy # set/show hierarchical account enabled + memory.force_empty # trigger forced move charge to parent + memory.swappiness # set/show swappiness parameter of vmscan + (See sysctl's vm.swappiness) + memory.move_charge_at_immigrate # set/show controls of moving charges + memory.oom_control # set/show oom controls. + 1. History The memory controller has a long history. A request for comments for the memory @@ -106,14 +142,14 @@ the necessary data structures and check if the cgroup that is being charged is over its limit. If it is then reclaim is invoked on the cgroup. More details can be found in the reclaim section of this document. If everything goes well, a page meta-data-structure called page_cgroup is -allocated and associated with the page. This routine also adds the page to -the per cgroup LRU. +updated. page_cgroup has its own LRU on cgroup. +(*) page_cgroup structure is allocated at boot/memory-hotplug time. 2.2.1 Accounting details All mapped anon pages (RSS) and cache pages (Page Cache) are accounted. -(some pages which never be reclaimable and will not be on global LRU - are not accounted. we just accounts pages under usual vm management.) +Some pages which are never reclaimable and will not be on the global LRU +are not accounted. We just account pages under usual VM management. RSS pages are accounted at page_fault unless they've already been accounted for earlier. A file page will be accounted for as Page Cache when it's @@ -121,12 +157,19 @@ inserted into inode (radix-tree). While it's mapped into the page tables of processes, duplicate accounting is carefully avoided. A RSS page is unaccounted when it's fully unmapped. A PageCache page is -unaccounted when it's removed from radix-tree. +unaccounted when it's removed from radix-tree. Even if RSS pages are fully +unmapped (by kswapd), they may exist as SwapCache in the system until they +are really freed. Such SwapCaches also also accounted. +A swapped-in page is not accounted until it's mapped. + +Note: The kernel does swapin-readahead and read multiple swaps at once. +This means swapped-in pages may contain pages for other tasks than a task +causing page fault. So, we avoid accounting at swap-in I/O. At page migration, accounting information is kept. -Note: we just account pages-on-lru because our purpose is to control amount -of used pages. not-on-lru pages are tend to be out-of-control from vm view. +Note: we just account pages-on-LRU because our purpose is to control amount +of used pages; not-on-LRU pages tend to be out-of-control from VM view. 2.3 Shared Page Accounting @@ -143,6 +186,7 @@ caller of swapoff rather than the users of shmem. 2.4 Swap Extension (CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP) + Swap Extension allows you to record charge for swap. A swapped-in page is charged back to original page allocator if possible. @@ -150,13 +194,20 @@ When swap is accounted, following files are added. - memory.memsw.usage_in_bytes. - memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes. -usage of mem+swap is limited by memsw.limit_in_bytes. +memsw means memory+swap. Usage of memory+swap is limited by +memsw.limit_in_bytes. -* why 'mem+swap' rather than swap. +Example: Assume a system with 4G of swap. A task which allocates 6G of memory +(by mistake) under 2G memory limitation will use all swap. +In this case, setting memsw.limit_in_bytes=3G will prevent bad use of swap. +By using memsw limit, you can avoid system OOM which can be caused by swap +shortage. + +* why 'memory+swap' rather than swap. The global LRU(kswapd) can swap out arbitrary pages. Swap-out means to move account from memory to swap...there is no change in usage of -mem+swap. In other words, when we want to limit the usage of swap without -affecting global LRU, mem+swap limit is better than just limiting swap from +memory+swap. In other words, when we want to limit the usage of swap without +affecting global LRU, memory+swap limit is better than just limiting swap from OS point of view. * What happens when a cgroup hits memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes @@ -168,12 +219,12 @@ it by cgroup. 2.5 Reclaim -Each cgroup maintains a per cgroup LRU that consists of an active -and inactive list. When a cgroup goes over its limit, we first try +Each cgroup maintains a per cgroup LRU which has the same structure as +global VM. When a cgroup goes over its limit, we first try to reclaim memory from the cgroup so as to make space for the new pages that the cgroup has touched. If the reclaim is unsuccessful, an OOM routine is invoked to select and kill the bulkiest task in the -cgroup. +cgroup. (See 10. OOM Control below.) The reclaim algorithm has not been modified for cgroups, except that pages that are selected for reclaiming come from the per cgroup LRU @@ -184,13 +235,22 @@ limits on the root cgroup. Note2: When panic_on_oom is set to "2", the whole system will panic. -2. Locking +When oom event notifier is registered, event will be delivered. +(See oom_control section) + +2.6 Locking -The memory controller uses the following hierarchy + lock_page_cgroup()/unlock_page_cgroup() should not be called under + mapping->tree_lock. -1. zone->lru_lock is used for selecting pages to be isolated -2. mem->per_zone->lru_lock protects the per cgroup LRU (per zone) -3. lock_page_cgroup() is used to protect page->page_cgroup + Other lock order is following: + PG_locked. + mm->page_table_lock + zone->lru_lock + lock_page_cgroup. + In many cases, just lock_page_cgroup() is called. + per-zone-per-cgroup LRU (cgroup's private LRU) is just guarded by + zone->lru_lock, it has no lock of its own. 3. User Interface @@ -199,6 +259,7 @@ The memory controller uses the following hierarchy a. Enable CONFIG_CGROUPS b. Enable CONFIG_RESOURCE_COUNTERS c. Enable CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR +d. Enable CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP (to use swap extension) 1. Prepare the cgroups # mkdir -p /cgroups @@ -206,31 +267,28 @@ c. Enable CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR 2. Make the new group and move bash into it # mkdir /cgroups/0 -# echo $$ > /cgroups/0/tasks +# echo $$ > /cgroups/0/tasks -Since now we're in the 0 cgroup, -We can alter the memory limit: +Since now we're in the 0 cgroup, we can alter the memory limit: # echo 4M > /cgroups/0/memory.limit_in_bytes NOTE: We can use a suffix (k, K, m, M, g or G) to indicate values in kilo, -mega or gigabytes. +mega or gigabytes. (Here, Kilo, Mega, Giga are Kibibytes, Mebibytes, Gibibytes.) + NOTE: We can write "-1" to reset the *.limit_in_bytes(unlimited). NOTE: We cannot set limits on the root cgroup any more. # cat /cgroups/0/memory.limit_in_bytes 4194304 -NOTE: The interface has now changed to display the usage in bytes -instead of pages - We can check the usage: # cat /cgroups/0/memory.usage_in_bytes 1216512 A successful write to this file does not guarantee a successful set of -this limit to the value written into the file. This can be due to a +this limit to the value written into the file. This can be due to a number of factors, such as rounding up to page boundaries or the total -availability of memory on the system. The user is required to re-read +availability of memory on the system. The user is required to re-read this file after a write to guarantee the value committed by the kernel. # echo 1 > memory.limit_in_bytes @@ -245,15 +303,23 @@ caches, RSS and Active pages/Inactive pages are shown. 4. Testing -Balbir posted lmbench, AIM9, LTP and vmmstress results [10] and [11]. -Apart from that v6 has been tested with several applications and regular -daily use. The controller has also been tested on the PPC64, x86_64 and -UML platforms. +For testing features and implementation, see memcg_test.txt. + +Performance test is also important. To see pure memory controller's overhead, +testing on tmpfs will give you good numbers of small overheads. +Example: do kernel make on tmpfs. + +Page-fault scalability is also important. At measuring parallel +page fault test, multi-process test may be better than multi-thread +test because it has noise of shared objects/status. + +But the above two are testing extreme situations. +Trying usual test under memory controller is always helpful. 4.1 Troubleshooting Sometimes a user might find that the application under a cgroup is -terminated. There are several causes for this: +terminated by OOM killer. There are several causes for this: 1. The cgroup limit is too low (just too low to do anything useful) 2. The user is using anonymous memory and swap is turned off or too low @@ -261,23 +327,29 @@ terminated. There are several causes for this: A sync followed by echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches will help get rid of some of the pages cached in the cgroup (page cache pages). +To know what happens, disable OOM_Kill by 10. OOM Control(see below) and +seeing what happens will be helpful. + 4.2 Task migration -When a task migrates from one cgroup to another, it's charge is not +When a task migrates from one cgroup to another, its charge is not carried forward by default. The pages allocated from the original cgroup still remain charged to it, the charge is dropped when the page is freed or reclaimed. -Note: You can move charges of a task along with task migration. See 8. +You can move charges of a task along with task migration. +See 8. "Move charges at task migration" 4.3 Removing a cgroup A cgroup can be removed by rmdir, but as discussed in sections 4.1 and 4.2, a cgroup might have some charge associated with it, even though all -tasks have migrated away from it. -Such charges are freed(at default) or moved to its parent. When moved, -both of RSS and CACHES are moved to parent. -If both of them are busy, rmdir() returns -EBUSY. See 5.1 Also. +tasks have migrated away from it. (because we charge against pages, not +against tasks.) + +Such charges are freed or moved to their parent. At moving, both of RSS +and CACHES are moved to parent. +rmdir() may return -EBUSY if freeing/moving fails. See 5.1 also. Charges recorded in swap information is not updated at removal of cgroup. Recorded information is discarded and a cgroup which uses swap (swapcache) @@ -293,10 +365,10 @@ will be charged as a new owner of it. # echo 0 > memory.force_empty - Almost all pages tracked by this memcg will be unmapped and freed. Some of - pages cannot be freed because it's locked or in-use. Such pages are moved - to parent and this cgroup will be empty. But this may return -EBUSY in - some too busy case. + Almost all pages tracked by this memory cgroup will be unmapped and freed. + Some pages cannot be freed because they are locked or in-use. Such pages are + moved to parent and this cgroup will be empty. This may return -EBUSY if + VM is too busy to free/move all pages immediately. Typical use case of this interface is that calling this before rmdir(). Because rmdir() moves all pages to parent, some out-of-use page caches can be @@ -306,19 +378,41 @@ will be charged as a new owner of it. memory.stat file includes following statistics +# per-memory cgroup local status cache - # of bytes of page cache memory. rss - # of bytes of anonymous and swap cache memory. +mapped_file - # of bytes of mapped file (includes tmpfs/shmem) pgpgin - # of pages paged in (equivalent to # of charging events). pgpgout - # of pages paged out (equivalent to # of uncharging events). -active_anon - # of bytes of anonymous and swap cache memory on active - lru list. +swap - # of bytes of swap usage inactive_anon - # of bytes of anonymous memory and swap cache memory on - inactive lru list. -active_file - # of bytes of file-backed memory on active lru list. -inactive_file - # of bytes of file-backed memory on inactive lru list. + LRU list. +active_anon - # of bytes of anonymous and swap cache memory on active + inactive LRU list. +inactive_file - # of bytes of file-backed memory on inactive LRU list. +active_file - # of bytes of file-backed memory on active LRU list. unevictable - # of bytes of memory that cannot be reclaimed (mlocked etc). -The following additional stats are dependent on CONFIG_DEBUG_VM. +# status considering hierarchy (see memory.use_hierarchy settings) + +hierarchical_memory_limit - # of bytes of memory limit with regard to hierarchy + under which the memory cgroup is +hierarchical_memsw_limit - # of bytes of memory+swap limit with regard to + hierarchy under which memory cgroup is. + +total_cache - sum of all children's "cache" +total_rss - sum of all children's "rss" +total_mapped_file - sum of all children's "cache" +total_pgpgin - sum of all children's "pgpgin" +total_pgpgout - sum of all children's "pgpgout" +total_swap - sum of all children's "swap" +total_inactive_anon - sum of all children's "inactive_anon" +total_active_anon - sum of all children's "active_anon" +total_inactive_file - sum of all children's "inactive_file" +total_active_file - sum of all children's "active_file" +total_unevictable - sum of all children's "unevictable" + +# The following additional stats are dependent on CONFIG_DEBUG_VM. inactive_ratio - VM internal parameter. (see mm/page_alloc.c) recent_rotated_anon - VM internal parameter. (see mm/vmscan.c) @@ -327,24 +421,37 @@ recent_scanned_anon - VM internal parameter. (see mm/vmscan.c) recent_scanned_file - VM internal parameter. (see mm/vmscan.c) Memo: - recent_rotated means recent frequency of lru rotation. - recent_scanned means recent # of scans to lru. + recent_rotated means recent frequency of LRU rotation. + recent_scanned means recent # of scans to LRU. showing for better debug please see the code for meanings. Note: Only anonymous and swap cache memory is listed as part of 'rss' stat. This should not be confused with the true 'resident set size' or the - amount of physical memory used by the cgroup. Per-cgroup rss - accounting is not done yet. + amount of physical memory used by the cgroup. + 'rss + file_mapped" will give you resident set size of cgroup. + (Note: file and shmem may be shared among other cgroups. In that case, + file_mapped is accounted only when the memory cgroup is owner of page + cache.) 5.3 swappiness - Similar to /proc/sys/vm/swappiness, but affecting a hierarchy of groups only. - Following cgroups' swappiness can't be changed. - - root cgroup (uses /proc/sys/vm/swappiness). - - a cgroup which uses hierarchy and it has child cgroup. - - a cgroup which uses hierarchy and not the root of hierarchy. +Similar to /proc/sys/vm/swappiness, but affecting a hierarchy of groups only. +Following cgroups' swappiness can't be changed. +- root cgroup (uses /proc/sys/vm/swappiness). +- a cgroup which uses hierarchy and it has other cgroup(s) below it. +- a cgroup which uses hierarchy and not the root of hierarchy. + +5.4 failcnt + +A memory cgroup provides memory.failcnt and memory.memsw.failcnt files. +This failcnt(== failure count) shows the number of times that a usage counter +hit its limit. When a memory cgroup hits a limit, failcnt increases and +memory under it will be reclaimed. + +You can reset failcnt by writing 0 to failcnt file. +# echo 0 > .../memory.failcnt 6. Hierarchy support @@ -363,13 +470,13 @@ hierarchy In the diagram above, with hierarchical accounting enabled, all memory usage of e, is accounted to its ancestors up until the root (i.e, c and root), -that has memory.use_hierarchy enabled. If one of the ancestors goes over its +that has memory.use_hierarchy enabled. If one of the ancestors goes over its limit, the reclaim algorithm reclaims from the tasks in the ancestor and the children of the ancestor. 6.1 Enabling hierarchical accounting and reclaim -The memory controller by default disables the hierarchy feature. Support +A memory cgroup by default disables the hierarchy feature. Support can be enabled by writing 1 to memory.use_hierarchy file of the root cgroup # echo 1 > memory.use_hierarchy @@ -379,10 +486,10 @@ The feature can be disabled by # echo 0 > memory.use_hierarchy NOTE1: Enabling/disabling will fail if the cgroup already has other -cgroups created below it. + cgroups created below it. NOTE2: When panic_on_oom is set to "2", the whole system will panic in -case of an oom event in any cgroup. + case of an OOM event in any cgroup. 7. Soft limits @@ -392,7 +499,7 @@ is to allow control groups to use as much of the memory as needed, provided a. There is no memory contention b. They do not exceed their hard limit -When the system detects memory contention or low memory control groups +When the system detects memory contention or low memory, control groups are pushed back to their soft limits. If the soft limit of each control group is very high, they are pushed back as much as possible to make sure that one control group does not starve the others of memory. @@ -406,7 +513,7 @@ it gets invoked from balance_pgdat (kswapd). 7.1 Interface Soft limits can be setup by using the following commands (in this example we -assume a soft limit of 256 megabytes) +assume a soft limit of 256 MiB) # echo 256M > memory.soft_limit_in_bytes @@ -442,7 +549,7 @@ Note: Charges are moved only when you move mm->owner, IOW, a leader of a thread Note: If we cannot find enough space for the task in the destination cgroup, we try to make space by reclaiming memory. Task migration may fail if we cannot make enough space. -Note: It can take several seconds if you move charges in giga bytes order. +Note: It can take several seconds if you move charges much. And if you want disable it again: @@ -451,21 +558,27 @@ And if you want disable it again: 8.2 Type of charges which can be move Each bits of move_charge_at_immigrate has its own meaning about what type of -charges should be moved. +charges should be moved. But in any cases, it must be noted that an account of +a page or a swap can be moved only when it is charged to the task's current(old) +memory cgroup. bit | what type of charges would be moved ? -----+------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0 | A charge of an anonymous page(or swap of it) used by the target task. | Those pages and swaps must be used only by the target task. You must | enable Swap Extension(see 2.4) to enable move of swap charges. - -Note: Those pages and swaps must be charged to the old cgroup. -Note: More type of pages(e.g. file cache, shmem,) will be supported by other - bits in future. + -----+------------------------------------------------------------------------ + 1 | A charge of file pages(normal file, tmpfs file(e.g. ipc shared memory) + | and swaps of tmpfs file) mmapped by the target task. Unlike the case of + | anonymous pages, file pages(and swaps) in the range mmapped by the task + | will be moved even if the task hasn't done page fault, i.e. they might + | not be the task's "RSS", but other task's "RSS" that maps the same file. + | And mapcount of the page is ignored(the page can be moved even if + | page_mapcount(page) > 1). You must enable Swap Extension(see 2.4) to + | enable move of swap charges. 8.3 TODO -- Add support for other types of pages(e.g. file cache, shmem, etc.). - Implement madvise(2) to let users decide the vma to be moved or not to be moved. - All of moving charge operations are done under cgroup_mutex. It's not good @@ -473,22 +586,61 @@ Note: More type of pages(e.g. file cache, shmem,) will be supported by other 9. Memory thresholds -Memory controler implements memory thresholds using cgroups notification +Memory cgroup implements memory thresholds using cgroups notification API (see cgroups.txt). It allows to register multiple memory and memsw thresholds and gets notifications when it crosses. To register a threshold application need: - - create an eventfd using eventfd(2); - - open memory.usage_in_bytes or memory.memsw.usage_in_bytes; - - write string like "<event_fd> <memory.usage_in_bytes> <threshold>" to - cgroup.event_control. +- create an eventfd using eventfd(2); +- open memory.usage_in_bytes or memory.memsw.usage_in_bytes; +- write string like "<event_fd> <fd of memory.usage_in_bytes> <threshold>" to + cgroup.event_control. Application will be notified through eventfd when memory usage crosses threshold in any direction. It's applicable for root and non-root cgroup. -10. TODO +10. OOM Control + +memory.oom_control file is for OOM notification and other controls. + +Memory cgroup implements OOM notifier using cgroup notification +API (See cgroups.txt). It allows to register multiple OOM notification +delivery and gets notification when OOM happens. + +To register a notifier, application need: + - create an eventfd using eventfd(2) + - open memory.oom_control file + - write string like "<event_fd> <fd of memory.oom_control>" to + cgroup.event_control + +Application will be notified through eventfd when OOM happens. +OOM notification doesn't work for root cgroup. + +You can disable OOM-killer by writing "1" to memory.oom_control file, as: + + #echo 1 > memory.oom_control + +This operation is only allowed to the top cgroup of sub-hierarchy. +If OOM-killer is disabled, tasks under cgroup will hang/sleep +in memory cgroup's OOM-waitqueue when they request accountable memory. + +For running them, you have to relax the memory cgroup's OOM status by + * enlarge limit or reduce usage. +To reduce usage, + * kill some tasks. + * move some tasks to other group with account migration. + * remove some files (on tmpfs?) + +Then, stopped tasks will work again. + +At reading, current status of OOM is shown. + oom_kill_disable 0 or 1 (if 1, oom-killer is disabled) + under_oom 0 or 1 (if 1, the memory cgroup is under OOM, tasks may + be stopped.) + +11. TODO 1. Add support for accounting huge pages (as a separate controller) 2. Make per-cgroup scanner reclaim not-shared pages first diff --git a/Documentation/coccinelle.txt b/Documentation/coccinelle.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cd2b028 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/coccinelle.txt @@ -0,0 +1,258 @@ +Copyright 2010 Nicolas Palix <npalix@diku.dk> +Copyright 2010 Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk> +Copyright 2010 Gilles Muller <Gilles.Muller@lip6.fr> + + + Getting Coccinelle +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +The semantic patches included in the kernel use the 'virtual rule' +feature which was introduced in Coccinelle version 0.1.11. + +Coccinelle (>=0.2.0) is available through the package manager +of many distributions, e.g. : + + - Debian (>=squeeze) + - Fedora (>=13) + - Ubuntu (>=10.04 Lucid Lynx) + - OpenSUSE + - Arch Linux + - NetBSD + - FreeBSD + + +You can get the latest version released from the Coccinelle homepage at +http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/ + +Once you have it, run the following command: + + ./configure + make + +as a regular user, and install it with + + sudo make install + + + Using Coccinelle on the Linux kernel +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +A Coccinelle-specific target is defined in the top level +Makefile. This target is named 'coccicheck' and calls the 'coccicheck' +front-end in the 'scripts' directory. + +Four modes are defined: report, patch, context, and org. The mode to +use is specified by setting the MODE variable with 'MODE=<mode>'. + +'report' generates a list in the following format: + file:line:column-column: message + +'patch' proposes a fix, when possible. + +'context' highlights lines of interest and their context in a +diff-like style.Lines of interest are indicated with '-'. + +'org' generates a report in the Org mode format of Emacs. + +Note that not all semantic patches implement all modes. + +To make a report for every semantic patch, run the following command: + + make coccicheck MODE=report + +NB: The 'report' mode is the default one. + +To produce patches, run: + + make coccicheck MODE=patch + + +The coccicheck target applies every semantic patch available in the +subdirectories of 'scripts/coccinelle' to the entire Linux kernel. + +For each semantic patch, a changelog message is proposed. It gives a +description of the problem being checked by the semantic patch, and +includes a reference to Coccinelle. + +As any static code analyzer, Coccinelle produces false +positives. Thus, reports must be carefully checked, and patches +reviewed. + + + Using Coccinelle with a single semantic patch +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +The optional make variable COCCI can be used to check a single +semantic patch. In that case, the variable must be initialized with +the name of the semantic patch to apply. + +For instance: + + make coccicheck COCCI=<my_SP.cocci> MODE=patch +or + make coccicheck COCCI=<my_SP.cocci> MODE=report + + + Proposing new semantic patches +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +New semantic patches can be proposed and submitted by kernel +developers. For sake of clarity, they should be organized in the +subdirectories of 'scripts/coccinelle/'. + + + Detailed description of the 'report' mode +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +'report' generates a list in the following format: + file:line:column-column: message + +Example: + +Running + + make coccicheck MODE=report COCCI=scripts/coccinelle/err_cast.cocci + +will execute the following part of the SmPL script. + +<smpl> +@r depends on !context && !patch && (org || report)@ +expression x; +position p; +@@ + + ERR_PTR@p(PTR_ERR(x)) + +@script:python depends on report@ +p << r.p; +x << r.x; +@@ + +msg="ERR_CAST can be used with %s" % (x) +coccilib.report.print_report(p[0], msg) +</smpl> + +This SmPL excerpt generates entries on the standard output, as +illustrated below: + +/home/user/linux/crypto/ctr.c:188:9-16: ERR_CAST can be used with alg +/home/user/linux/crypto/authenc.c:619:9-16: ERR_CAST can be used with auth +/home/user/linux/crypto/xts.c:227:9-16: ERR_CAST can be used with alg + + + Detailed description of the 'patch' mode +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +When the 'patch' mode is available, it proposes a fix for each problem +identified. + +Example: + +Running + make coccicheck MODE=patch COCCI=scripts/coccinelle/err_cast.cocci + +will execute the following part of the SmPL script. + +<smpl> +@ depends on !context && patch && !org && !report @ +expression x; +@@ + +- ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(x)) ++ ERR_CAST(x) +</smpl> + +This SmPL excerpt generates patch hunks on the standard output, as +illustrated below: + +diff -u -p a/crypto/ctr.c b/crypto/ctr.c +--- a/crypto/ctr.c 2010-05-26 10:49:38.000000000 +0200 ++++ b/crypto/ctr.c 2010-06-03 23:44:49.000000000 +0200 +@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ static struct crypto_instance *crypto_ct + alg = crypto_attr_alg(tb[1], CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_CIPHER, + CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_MASK); + if (IS_ERR(alg)) +- return ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(alg)); ++ return ERR_CAST(alg); + + /* Block size must be >= 4 bytes. */ + err = -EINVAL; + + Detailed description of the 'context' mode +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +'context' highlights lines of interest and their context +in a diff-like style. + +NOTE: The diff-like output generated is NOT an applicable patch. The + intent of the 'context' mode is to highlight the important lines + (annotated with minus, '-') and gives some surrounding context + lines around. This output can be used with the diff mode of + Emacs to review the code. + +Example: + +Running + make coccicheck MODE=context COCCI=scripts/coccinelle/err_cast.cocci + +will execute the following part of the SmPL script. + +<smpl> +@ depends on context && !patch && !org && !report@ +expression x; +@@ + +* ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(x)) +</smpl> + +This SmPL excerpt generates diff hunks on the standard output, as +illustrated below: + +diff -u -p /home/user/linux/crypto/ctr.c /tmp/nothing +--- /home/user/linux/crypto/ctr.c 2010-05-26 10:49:38.000000000 +0200 ++++ /tmp/nothing +@@ -185,7 +185,6 @@ static struct crypto_instance *crypto_ct + alg = crypto_attr_alg(tb[1], CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_CIPHER, + CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_MASK); + if (IS_ERR(alg)) +- return ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(alg)); + + /* Block size must be >= 4 bytes. */ + err = -EINVAL; + + Detailed description of the 'org' mode +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +'org' generates a report in the Org mode format of Emacs. + +Example: + +Running + make coccicheck MODE=org COCCI=scripts/coccinelle/err_cast.cocci + +will execute the following part of the SmPL script. + +<smpl> +@r depends on !context && !patch && (org || report)@ +expression x; +position p; +@@ + + ERR_PTR@p(PTR_ERR(x)) + +@script:python depends on org@ +p << r.p; +x << r.x; +@@ + +msg="ERR_CAST can be used with %s" % (x) +msg_safe=msg.replace("[","@(").replace("]",")") +coccilib.org.print_todo(p[0], msg_safe) +</smpl> + +This SmPL excerpt generates Org entries on the standard output, as +illustrated below: + +* TODO [[view:/home/user/linux/crypto/ctr.c::face=ovl-face1::linb=188::colb=9::cole=16][ERR_CAST can be used with alg]] +* TODO [[view:/home/user/linux/crypto/authenc.c::face=ovl-face1::linb=619::colb=9::cole=16][ERR_CAST can be used with auth]] +* TODO [[view:/home/user/linux/crypto/xts.c::face=ovl-face1::linb=227::colb=9::cole=16][ERR_CAST can be used with alg]] diff --git a/Documentation/connector/connector.txt b/Documentation/connector/connector.txt index 78c9466..e5c5f5e 100644 --- a/Documentation/connector/connector.txt +++ b/Documentation/connector/connector.txt @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ int cn_netlink_send(struct cn_msg *msg, u32 __groups, int gfp_mask); int gfp_mask - GFP mask. Note: When registering new callback user, connector core assigns - netlink group to the user which is equal to it's id.idx. + netlink group to the user which is equal to its id.idx. /*****************************************/ Protocol description. diff --git a/Documentation/credentials.txt b/Documentation/credentials.txt index df03169..995baf3 100644 --- a/Documentation/credentials.txt +++ b/Documentation/credentials.txt @@ -408,9 +408,6 @@ This should be used inside the RCU read lock, as in the following example: ... } -A function need not get RCU read lock to use __task_cred() if it is holding a -spinlock at the time as this implicitly holds the RCU read lock. - Should it be necessary to hold another task's credentials for a long period of time, and possibly to sleep whilst doing so, then the caller should get a reference on them using: @@ -420,23 +417,25 @@ reference on them using: This does all the RCU magic inside of it. The caller must call put_cred() on the credentials so obtained when they're finished with. + [*] Note: The result of __task_cred() should not be passed directly to + get_cred() as this may race with commit_cred(). + There are a couple of convenience functions to access bits of another task's credentials, hiding the RCU magic from the caller: uid_t task_uid(task) Task's real UID uid_t task_euid(task) Task's effective UID -If the caller is holding a spinlock or the RCU read lock at the time anyway, -then: +If the caller is holding the RCU read lock at the time anyway, then: __task_cred(task)->uid __task_cred(task)->euid should be used instead. Similarly, if multiple aspects of a task's credentials -need to be accessed, RCU read lock or a spinlock should be used, __task_cred() -called, the result stored in a temporary pointer and then the credential -aspects called from that before dropping the lock. This prevents the -potentially expensive RCU magic from being invoked multiple times. +need to be accessed, RCU read lock should be used, __task_cred() called, the +result stored in a temporary pointer and then the credential aspects called +from that before dropping the lock. This prevents the potentially expensive +RCU magic from being invoked multiple times. Should some other single aspect of another task's credentials need to be accessed, then this can be used: diff --git a/Documentation/development-process/2.Process b/Documentation/development-process/2.Process index d750321..97726eb 100644 --- a/Documentation/development-process/2.Process +++ b/Documentation/development-process/2.Process @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ The stages that a patch goes through are, generally: well. - Wider review. When the patch is getting close to ready for mainline - inclusion, it will be accepted by a relevant subsystem maintainer - + inclusion, it should be accepted by a relevant subsystem maintainer - though this acceptance is not a guarantee that the patch will make it all the way to the mainline. The patch will show up in the maintainer's subsystem tree and into the staging trees (described below). When the @@ -159,6 +159,15 @@ The stages that a patch goes through are, generally: the discovery of any problems resulting from the integration of this patch with work being done by others. +- Please note that most maintainers also have day jobs, so merging + your patch may not be their highest priority. If your patch is + getting feedback about changes that are needed, you should either + make those changes or justify why they should not be made. If your + patch has no review complaints but is not being merged by its + appropriate subsystem or driver maintainer, you should be persistent + in updating the patch to the current kernel so that it applies cleanly + and keep sending it for review and merging. + - Merging into the mainline. Eventually, a successful patch will be merged into the mainline repository managed by Linus Torvalds. More comments and/or problems may surface at this time; it is important that @@ -258,12 +267,8 @@ an appropriate subsystem tree or be sent directly to Linus. In a typical development cycle, approximately 10% of the patches going into the mainline get there via -mm. -The current -mm patch can always be found from the front page of - - http://kernel.org/ - -Those who want to see the current state of -mm can get the "-mm of the -moment" tree, found at: +The current -mm patch is available in the "mmotm" (-mm of the moment) +directory at: http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/mmotm/ @@ -298,6 +303,12 @@ volatility of linux-next tends to make it a difficult development target. See http://lwn.net/Articles/289013/ for more information on this topic, and stay tuned; much is still in flux where linux-next is involved. +Besides the mmotm and linux-next trees, the kernel source tree now contains +the drivers/staging/ directory and many sub-directories for drivers or +filesystems that are on their way to being added to the kernel tree +proper, but they remain in drivers/staging/ while they still need more +work. + 2.5: TOOLS @@ -319,9 +330,9 @@ developers; even if they do not use it for their own work, they'll need git to keep up with what other developers (and the mainline) are doing. Git is now packaged by almost all Linux distributions. There is a home -page at +page at: - http://git.or.cz/ + http://git-scm.com/ That page has pointers to documentation and tutorials. One should be aware, in particular, of the Kernel Hacker's Guide to git, which has diff --git a/Documentation/development-process/4.Coding b/Documentation/development-process/4.Coding index a5a3450..2278693 100644 --- a/Documentation/development-process/4.Coding +++ b/Documentation/development-process/4.Coding @@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ With sparse, the programmer can be warned about confusion between user-space and kernel-space addresses, mixture of big-endian and small-endian quantities, the passing of integer values where a set of bit flags is expected, and so on. Sparse must be installed separately (it can -be found at http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/devel/sparse/ if your +be found at https://sparse.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page if your distributor does not package it); it can then be run on the code by adding "C=1" to your make command. diff --git a/Documentation/development-process/7.AdvancedTopics b/Documentation/development-process/7.AdvancedTopics index a2cf740..8371794 100644 --- a/Documentation/development-process/7.AdvancedTopics +++ b/Documentation/development-process/7.AdvancedTopics @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ long document in its own right. Instead, the focus here will be on how git fits into the kernel development process in particular. Developers who wish to come up to speed with git will find more information at: - http://git.or.cz/ + http://git-scm.com/ http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/user-manual.html diff --git a/Documentation/device-mapper/dm-crypt.txt b/Documentation/device-mapper/dm-crypt.txt index 6680cab..524de92 100644 --- a/Documentation/device-mapper/dm-crypt.txt +++ b/Documentation/device-mapper/dm-crypt.txt @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Example scripts =============== LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup) is now the preferred way to set up disk encryption with dm-crypt using the 'cryptsetup' utility, see -http://luks.endorphin.org/ +http://clemens.endorphin.org/cryptography [[ #!/bin/sh diff --git a/Documentation/devices.txt b/Documentation/devices.txt index 53d64d3..f2da781 100644 --- a/Documentation/devices.txt +++ b/Documentation/devices.txt @@ -443,6 +443,8 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated. 231 = /dev/snapshot System memory snapshot device 232 = /dev/kvm Kernel-based virtual machine (hardware virtualization extensions) 233 = /dev/kmview View-OS A process with a view + 234 = /dev/btrfs-control Btrfs control device + 235 = /dev/autofs Autofs control device 240-254 Reserved for local use 255 Reserved for MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR @@ -1515,7 +1517,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated. ... The driver and documentation may be obtained from - http://www.proximity.com.au/~brian/winradio/ + http://www.winradio.com/ 82 block I2O hard disk 0 = /dev/i2o/hdag 33rd I2O hard disk, whole disk @@ -1721,7 +1723,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated. 1 = /dev/comedi1 Second comedi device ... - See http://stm.lbl.gov/comedi or http://www.llp.fu-berlin.de/. + See http://stm.lbl.gov/comedi. 98 block User-mode virtual block device 0 = /dev/ubda First user-mode block device @@ -1982,7 +1984,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated. 256 NetWare volumes can be supported in a single machine. - http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/jmerkey/nwfs + http://cgfa.telepac.pt/ftp2/kernel.org/linux/kernel/people/jmerkey/nwfs/ 0 = /dev/nwfs/v0 First NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume 1 = /dev/nwfs/v1 Second NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume @@ -2589,7 +2591,8 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated. 1 = /dev/intermezzo1 Second cache manager ... - See http://www.inter-mezzo.org/ for more information. + See http://web.archive.org/web/20080115195241/ + http://inter-mezzo.org/index.html 186 char Object-based storage control device 0 = /dev/obd0 First obd control device diff --git a/Documentation/dvb/ci.txt b/Documentation/dvb/ci.txt index 2ecd834..4a0c2b5 100644 --- a/Documentation/dvb/ci.txt +++ b/Documentation/dvb/ci.txt @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ This application requires the following to function properly as of now. * Cards that fall in this category ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -At present the cards that fall in this category are the Twinhan and it's +At present the cards that fall in this category are the Twinhan and its clones, these cards are available as VVMER, Tomato, Hercules, Orange and so on. diff --git a/Documentation/dvb/contributors.txt b/Documentation/dvb/contributors.txt index 4865add..47c3009 100644 --- a/Documentation/dvb/contributors.txt +++ b/Documentation/dvb/contributors.txt @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ Thanks go to the following people for patches and contributions: Michael Hunold <m.hunold@gmx.de> - for the initial saa7146 driver and it's recent overhaul + for the initial saa7146 driver and its recent overhaul Christian Theiss for his work on the initial Linux DVB driver diff --git a/Documentation/dvb/faq.txt b/Documentation/dvb/faq.txt index 2511a33..121832e 100644 --- a/Documentation/dvb/faq.txt +++ b/Documentation/dvb/faq.txt @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Some very frequently asked questions about linuxtv-dvb the TuxBox CVS many interesting DVB applications and the dBox2 DVB source - http://sourceforge.net/projects/dvbsak/ + http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/ DVB Swiss Army Knife library and utilities http://www.nenie.org/misc/mpsys/ diff --git a/Documentation/dvb/get_dvb_firmware b/Documentation/dvb/get_dvb_firmware index 239cbdb..350959f 100644 --- a/Documentation/dvb/get_dvb_firmware +++ b/Documentation/dvb/get_dvb_firmware @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use IO::Handle; "dec3000s", "vp7041", "dibusb", "nxt2002", "nxt2004", "or51211", "or51132_qam", "or51132_vsb", "bluebird", "opera1", "cx231xx", "cx18", "cx23885", "pvrusb2", "mpc718", - "af9015", "ngene"); + "af9015", "ngene", "az6027"); # Check args syntax() if (scalar(@ARGV) != 1); @@ -518,11 +518,11 @@ sub bluebird { sub af9015 { my $sourcefile = "download.ashx?file=57"; my $url = "http://www.ite.com.tw/EN/Services/$sourcefile"; - my $hash = "ff5b096ed47c080870eacdab2de33ad6"; + my $hash = "e3f08935158038d385ad382442f4bb2d"; my $outfile = "dvb-usb-af9015.fw"; my $tmpdir = tempdir(DIR => "/tmp", CLEANUP => 1); - my $fwoffset = 0x22708; - my $fwlength = 18225; + my $fwoffset = 0x25690; + my $fwlength = 18725; my ($chunklength, $buf, $rcount); checkstandard(); @@ -567,6 +567,23 @@ sub ngene { "$file1, $file2"; } +sub az6027{ + my $file = "AZ6027_Linux_Driver.tar.gz"; + my $url = "http://linux.terratec.de/files/$file"; + my $firmware = "dvb-usb-az6027-03.fw"; + + wgetfile($file, $url); + + #untar + if( system("tar xzvf $file $firmware")){ + die "failed to untar firmware"; + } + if( system("rm $file")){ + die ("unable to remove unnecessary files"); + } + + $firmware; +} # --------------------------------------------------------------- # Utilities diff --git a/Documentation/edac.txt b/Documentation/edac.txt index 79c5332..0b875e8 100644 --- a/Documentation/edac.txt +++ b/Documentation/edac.txt @@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ Written by Doug Thompson <dougthompson@xmission.com> 7 Dec 2005 17 Jul 2007 Updated +(c) Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com> +05 Aug 2009 Nehalem interface EDAC is maintained and written by: @@ -717,3 +719,153 @@ unique drivers for their hardware systems. The 'test_device_edac' sample driver is located at the bluesmoke.sourceforge.net project site for EDAC. +======================================================================= +NEHALEM USAGE OF EDAC APIs + +This chapter documents some EXPERIMENTAL mappings for EDAC API to handle +Nehalem EDAC driver. They will likely be changed on future versions +of the driver. + +Due to the way Nehalem exports Memory Controller data, some adjustments +were done at i7core_edac driver. This chapter will cover those differences + +1) On Nehalem, there are one Memory Controller per Quick Patch Interconnect + (QPI). At the driver, the term "socket" means one QPI. This is + associated with a physical CPU socket. + + Each MC have 3 physical read channels, 3 physical write channels and + 3 logic channels. The driver currenty sees it as just 3 channels. + Each channel can have up to 3 DIMMs. + + The minimum known unity is DIMMs. There are no information about csrows. + As EDAC API maps the minimum unity is csrows, the driver sequencially + maps channel/dimm into different csrows. + + For example, suposing the following layout: + Ch0 phy rd0, wr0 (0x063f4031): 2 ranks, UDIMMs + dimm 0 1024 Mb offset: 0, bank: 8, rank: 1, row: 0x4000, col: 0x400 + dimm 1 1024 Mb offset: 4, bank: 8, rank: 1, row: 0x4000, col: 0x400 + Ch1 phy rd1, wr1 (0x063f4031): 2 ranks, UDIMMs + dimm 0 1024 Mb offset: 0, bank: 8, rank: 1, row: 0x4000, col: 0x400 + Ch2 phy rd3, wr3 (0x063f4031): 2 ranks, UDIMMs + dimm 0 1024 Mb offset: 0, bank: 8, rank: 1, row: 0x4000, col: 0x400 + The driver will map it as: + csrow0: channel 0, dimm0 + csrow1: channel 0, dimm1 + csrow2: channel 1, dimm0 + csrow3: channel 2, dimm0 + +exports one + DIMM per csrow. + + Each QPI is exported as a different memory controller. + +2) Nehalem MC has the hability to generate errors. The driver implements this + functionality via some error injection nodes: + + For injecting a memory error, there are some sysfs nodes, under + /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc?/: + + inject_addrmatch/*: + Controls the error injection mask register. It is possible to specify + several characteristics of the address to match an error code: + dimm = the affected dimm. Numbers are relative to a channel; + rank = the memory rank; + channel = the channel that will generate an error; + bank = the affected bank; + page = the page address; + column (or col) = the address column. + each of the above values can be set to "any" to match any valid value. + + At driver init, all values are set to any. + + For example, to generate an error at rank 1 of dimm 2, for any channel, + any bank, any page, any column: + echo 2 >/sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/inject_addrmatch/dimm + echo 1 >/sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/inject_addrmatch/rank + + To return to the default behaviour of matching any, you can do: + echo any >/sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/inject_addrmatch/dimm + echo any >/sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/inject_addrmatch/rank + + inject_eccmask: + specifies what bits will have troubles, + + inject_section: + specifies what ECC cache section will get the error: + 3 for both + 2 for the highest + 1 for the lowest + + inject_type: + specifies the type of error, being a combination of the following bits: + bit 0 - repeat + bit 1 - ecc + bit 2 - parity + + inject_enable starts the error generation when something different + than 0 is written. + + All inject vars can be read. root permission is needed for write. + + Datasheet states that the error will only be generated after a write on an + address that matches inject_addrmatch. It seems, however, that reading will + also produce an error. + + For example, the following code will generate an error for any write access + at socket 0, on any DIMM/address on channel 2: + + echo 2 >/sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/inject_addrmatch/channel + echo 2 >/sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/inject_type + echo 64 >/sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/inject_eccmask + echo 3 >/sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/inject_section + echo 1 >/sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/inject_enable + dd if=/dev/mem of=/dev/null seek=16k bs=4k count=1 >& /dev/null + + For socket 1, it is needed to replace "mc0" by "mc1" at the above + commands. + + The generated error message will look like: + + EDAC MC0: UE row 0, channel-a= 0 channel-b= 0 labels "-": NON_FATAL (addr = 0x0075b980, socket=0, Dimm=0, Channel=2, syndrome=0x00000040, count=1, Err=8c0000400001009f:4000080482 (read error: read ECC error)) + +3) Nehalem specific Corrected Error memory counters + + Nehalem have some registers to count memory errors. The driver uses those + registers to report Corrected Errors on devices with Registered Dimms. + + However, those counters don't work with Unregistered Dimms. As the chipset + offers some counters that also work with UDIMMS (but with a worse level of + granularity than the default ones), the driver exposes those registers for + UDIMM memories. + + They can be read by looking at the contents of all_channel_counts/ + + $ for i in /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/all_channel_counts/*; do echo $i; cat $i; done + /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/all_channel_counts/udimm0 + 0 + /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/all_channel_counts/udimm1 + 0 + /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0/all_channel_counts/udimm2 + 0 + + What happens here is that errors on different csrows, but at the same + dimm number will increment the same counter. + So, in this memory mapping: + csrow0: channel 0, dimm0 + csrow1: channel 0, dimm1 + csrow2: channel 1, dimm0 + csrow3: channel 2, dimm0 + The hardware will increment udimm0 for an error at the first dimm at either + csrow0, csrow2 or csrow3; + The hardware will increment udimm1 for an error at the second dimm at either + csrow0, csrow2 or csrow3; + The hardware will increment udimm2 for an error at the third dimm at either + csrow0, csrow2 or csrow3; + +4) Standard error counters + + The standard error counters are generated when an mcelog error is received + by the driver. Since, with udimm, this is counted by software, it is + possible that some errors could be lost. With rdimm's, they displays the + contents of the registers diff --git a/Documentation/fb/framebuffer.txt b/Documentation/fb/framebuffer.txt index fe79e3c..58c5ae2 100644 --- a/Documentation/fb/framebuffer.txt +++ b/Documentation/fb/framebuffer.txt @@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ and on its mirrors. The latest version of fbset can be found at - http://home.tvd.be/cr26864/Linux/fbdev/ + http://www.linux-fbdev.org/ 10. Credits diff --git a/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt b/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt index 05df0b7..842aa9d 100644 --- a/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt +++ b/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Why: Broken design for runtime control over driver power states, confusing inputs. This framework was never widely used, and most attempts to use it were broken. Drivers should instead be exposing domain-specific interfaces either to kernel or to userspace. -Who: Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz> +Who: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> --------------------------- @@ -116,29 +116,6 @@ Who: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org> --------------------------- -What: PCMCIA control ioctl (needed for pcmcia-cs [cardmgr, cardctl]) -When: 2.6.35/2.6.36 -Files: drivers/pcmcia/: pcmcia_ioctl.c -Why: With the 16-bit PCMCIA subsystem now behaving (almost) like a - normal hotpluggable bus, and with it using the default kernel - infrastructure (hotplug, driver core, sysfs) keeping the PCMCIA - control ioctl needed by cardmgr and cardctl from pcmcia-cs is - unnecessary and potentially harmful (it does not provide for - proper locking), and makes further cleanups and integration of the - PCMCIA subsystem into the Linux kernel device driver model more - difficult. The features provided by cardmgr and cardctl are either - handled by the kernel itself now or are available in the new - pcmciautils package available at - http://kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/ - - For all architectures except ARM, the associated config symbol - has been removed from kernel 2.6.34; for ARM, it will be likely - be removed from kernel 2.6.35. The actual code will then likely - be removed from kernel 2.6.36. -Who: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net> - ---------------------------- - What: sys_sysctl When: September 2010 Option: CONFIG_SYSCTL_SYSCALL @@ -174,6 +151,31 @@ Who: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> --------------------------- +What: /proc/<pid>/oom_adj +When: August 2012 +Why: /proc/<pid>/oom_adj allows userspace to influence the oom killer's + badness heuristic used to determine which task to kill when the kernel + is out of memory. + + The badness heuristic has since been rewritten since the introduction of + this tunable such that its meaning is deprecated. The value was + implemented as a bitshift on a score generated by the badness() + function that did not have any precise units of measure. With the + rewrite, the score is given as a proportion of available memory to the + task allocating pages, so using a bitshift which grows the score + exponentially is, thus, impossible to tune with fine granularity. + + A much more powerful interface, /proc/<pid>/oom_score_adj, was + introduced with the oom killer rewrite that allows users to increase or + decrease the badness() score linearly. This interface will replace + /proc/<pid>/oom_adj. + + A warning will be emitted to the kernel log if an application uses this + deprecated interface. After it is printed once, future warnings will be + suppressed until the kernel is rebooted. + +--------------------------- + What: remove EXPORT_SYMBOL(kernel_thread) When: August 2006 Files: arch/*/kernel/*_ksyms.c @@ -241,16 +243,6 @@ Who: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> --------------------------- -What (Why): - - xt_recent: the old ipt_recent proc dir - (superseded by /proc/net/xt_recent) - -When: January 2009 or Linux 2.7.0, whichever comes first -Why: Superseded by newer revisions or modules -Who: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@computergmbh.de> - ---------------------------- - What: GPIO autorequest on gpio_direction_{input,output}() in gpiolib When: February 2010 Why: All callers should use explicit gpio_request()/gpio_free(). @@ -313,15 +305,6 @@ Who: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> --------------------------- -What: CONFIG_NF_CT_ACCT -When: 2.6.29 -Why: Accounting can now be enabled/disabled without kernel recompilation. - Currently used only to set a default value for a feature that is also - controlled by a kernel/module/sysfs/sysctl parameter. -Who: Krzysztof Piotr Oledzki <ole@ans.pl> - ---------------------------- - What: sysfs ui for changing p4-clockmod parameters When: September 2009 Why: See commits 129f8ae9b1b5be94517da76009ea956e89104ce8 and @@ -377,24 +360,6 @@ When: 2.6.33 Why: Should be implemented in userspace, policy daemon. Who: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> ---------------------------- - -What: CONFIG_INOTIFY -When: 2.6.33 -Why: last user (audit) will be converted to the newer more generic - and more easily maintained fsnotify subsystem -Who: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com> - ----------------------------- - -What: lock_policy_rwsem_* and unlock_policy_rwsem_* will not be - exported interface anymore. -When: 2.6.33 -Why: cpu_policy_rwsem has a new cleaner definition making it local to - cpufreq core and contained inside cpufreq.c. Other dependent - drivers should not use it in order to safely avoid lockdep issues. -Who: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com> - ---------------------------- What: sound-slot/service-* module aliases and related clutters in @@ -469,77 +434,21 @@ Who: Corentin Chary <corentin.chary@gmail.com> ---------------------------- -What: usbvideo quickcam_messenger driver -When: 2.6.35 -Files: drivers/media/video/usbvideo/quickcam_messenger.[ch] -Why: obsolete v4l1 driver replaced by gspca_stv06xx -Who: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com> - ----------------------------- - -What: ov511 v4l1 driver -When: 2.6.35 -Files: drivers/media/video/ov511.[ch] -Why: obsolete v4l1 driver replaced by gspca_ov519 -Who: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com> - ----------------------------- - -What: w9968cf v4l1 driver -When: 2.6.35 -Files: drivers/media/video/w9968cf*.[ch] -Why: obsolete v4l1 driver replaced by gspca_ov519 -Who: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com> - ----------------------------- - -What: ovcamchip sensor framework -When: 2.6.35 -Files: drivers/media/video/ovcamchip/* -Why: Only used by obsoleted v4l1 drivers -Who: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com> - ----------------------------- - -What: stv680 v4l1 driver -When: 2.6.35 -Files: drivers/media/video/stv680.[ch] -Why: obsolete v4l1 driver replaced by gspca_stv0680 -Who: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com> - ----------------------------- - -What: zc0301 v4l driver -When: 2.6.35 -Files: drivers/media/video/zc0301/* -Why: Duplicate functionality with the gspca_zc3xx driver, zc0301 only - supports 2 USB-ID's (because it only supports a limited set of - sensors) wich are also supported by the gspca_zc3xx driver - (which supports 53 USB-ID's in total) -Who: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com> - ----------------------------- - -What: corgikbd, spitzkbd, tosakbd driver -When: 2.6.35 -Files: drivers/input/keyboard/{corgi,spitz,tosa}kbd.c -Why: We now have a generic GPIO based matrix keyboard driver that - are fully capable of handling all the keys on these devices. - The original drivers manipulate the GPIO registers directly - and so are difficult to maintain. -Who: Eric Miao <eric.y.miao@gmail.com> +What: sysfs-class-rfkill state file +When: Feb 2014 +Files: net/rfkill/core.c +Why: Documented as obsolete since Feb 2010. This file is limited to 3 + states while the rfkill drivers can have 4 states. +Who: anybody or Florian Mickler <florian@mickler.org> ---------------------------- -What: corgi_ssp and corgi_ts driver -When: 2.6.35 -Files: arch/arm/mach-pxa/corgi_ssp.c, drivers/input/touchscreen/corgi_ts.c -Why: The corgi touchscreen is now deprecated in favour of the generic - ads7846.c driver. The noise reduction technique used in corgi_ts.c, - that's to wait till vsync before ADC sampling, is also integrated into - ads7846 driver now. Provided that the original driver is not generic - and is difficult to maintain, it will be removed later. -Who: Eric Miao <eric.y.miao@gmail.com> +What: sysfs-class-rfkill claim file +When: Feb 2012 +Files: net/rfkill/core.c +Why: It is not possible to claim an rfkill driver since 2007. This is + Documented as obsolete since Feb 2010. +Who: anybody or Florian Mickler <florian@mickler.org> ---------------------------- @@ -553,27 +462,6 @@ Who: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@web.de> ---------------------------- -What: KVM memory aliases support -When: July 2010 -Why: Memory aliasing support is used for speeding up guest vga access - through the vga windows. - - Modern userspace no longer uses this feature, so it's just bitrotted - code and can be removed with no impact. -Who: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> - ----------------------------- - -What: KVM kernel-allocated memory slots -When: July 2010 -Why: Since 2.6.25, kvm supports user-allocated memory slots, which are - much more flexible than kernel-allocated slots. All current userspace - supports the newer interface and this code can be removed with no - impact. -Who: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> - ----------------------------- - What: KVM paravirt mmu host support When: January 2011 Why: The paravirt mmu host support is slower than non-paravirt mmu, both @@ -583,15 +471,35 @@ Who: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> ---------------------------- -What: "acpi=ht" boot option -When: 2.6.35 -Why: Useful in 2003, implementation is a hack. - Generally invoked by accident today. - Seen as doing more harm than good. -Who: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com> +What: iwlwifi 50XX module parameters +When: 2.6.40 +Why: The "..50" modules parameters were used to configure 5000 series and + up devices; different set of module parameters also available for 4965 + with same functionalities. Consolidate both set into single place + in drivers/net/wireless/iwlwifi/iwl-agn.c + +Who: Wey-Yi Guy <wey-yi.w.guy@intel.com> ---------------------------- +What: iwl4965 alias support +When: 2.6.40 +Why: Internal alias support has been present in module-init-tools for some + time, the MODULE_ALIAS("iwl4965") boilerplate aliases can be removed + with no impact. + +Who: Wey-Yi Guy <wey-yi.w.guy@intel.com> + +--------------------------- + +What: xt_NOTRACK +Files: net/netfilter/xt_NOTRACK.c +When: April 2011 +Why: Superseded by xt_CT +Who: Netfilter developer team <netfilter-devel@vger.kernel.org> + +--------------------------- + What: video4linux /dev/vtx teletext API support When: 2.6.35 Files: drivers/media/video/saa5246a.c drivers/media/video/saa5249.c @@ -612,3 +520,47 @@ Why: The vtx device nodes have been superseded by vbi device nodes provided by the vtx API, then that functionality should be build around the sliced VBI API instead. Who: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> + +---------------------------- + +What: IRQF_DISABLED +When: 2.6.36 +Why: The flag is a NOOP as we run interrupt handlers with interrupts disabled +Who: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> + +---------------------------- + +What: old ieee1394 subsystem (CONFIG_IEEE1394) +When: 2.6.37 +Files: drivers/ieee1394/ except init_ohci1394_dma.c +Why: superseded by drivers/firewire/ (CONFIG_FIREWIRE) which offers more + features, better performance, and better security, all with smaller + and more modern code base +Who: Stefan Richter <stefanr@s5r6.in-berlin.de> + +---------------------------- + +What: The acpi_sleep=s4_nonvs command line option +When: 2.6.37 +Files: arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.c +Why: superseded by acpi_sleep=nonvs +Who: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> + +---------------------------- + +What: PCI DMA unmap state API +When: August 2012 +Why: PCI DMA unmap state API (include/linux/pci-dma.h) was replaced + with DMA unmap state API (DMA unmap state API can be used for + any bus). +Who: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp> + +---------------------------- + +What: DMA_xxBIT_MASK macros +When: Jun 2011 +Why: DMA_xxBIT_MASK macros were replaced with DMA_BIT_MASK() macros. +Who: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp> + +---------------------------- + diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/9p.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/9p.txt index c0236e7..f9765e8 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/9p.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/9p.txt @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ OPTIONS RESOURCES ========= -Our current recommendation is to use Inferno (http://www.vitanuova.com/inferno) +Our current recommendation is to use Inferno (http://www.vitanuova.com/nferno/index.html) as the 9p server. You can start a 9p server under Inferno by issuing the following command: ; styxlisten -A tcp!*!564 export '#U*' diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/Locking b/Documentation/filesystems/Locking index 06bbbed..bbcc156 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/Locking +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/Locking @@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ prototypes: void (*destroy_inode)(struct inode *); void (*dirty_inode) (struct inode *); int (*write_inode) (struct inode *, int); - void (*drop_inode) (struct inode *); - void (*delete_inode) (struct inode *); + int (*drop_inode) (struct inode *); + void (*evict_inode) (struct inode *); void (*put_super) (struct super_block *); void (*write_super) (struct super_block *); int (*sync_fs)(struct super_block *sb, int wait); @@ -101,14 +101,13 @@ prototypes: int (*unfreeze_fs) (struct super_block *); int (*statfs) (struct dentry *, struct kstatfs *); int (*remount_fs) (struct super_block *, int *, char *); - void (*clear_inode) (struct inode *); void (*umount_begin) (struct super_block *); int (*show_options)(struct seq_file *, struct vfsmount *); ssize_t (*quota_read)(struct super_block *, int, char *, size_t, loff_t); ssize_t (*quota_write)(struct super_block *, int, const char *, size_t, loff_t); locking rules: - All may block. + All may block [not true, see below] None have BKL s_umount alloc_inode: @@ -116,22 +115,25 @@ destroy_inode: dirty_inode: (must not sleep) write_inode: drop_inode: !!!inode_lock!!! -delete_inode: +evict_inode: put_super: write write_super: read sync_fs: read freeze_fs: read unfreeze_fs: read -statfs: no -remount_fs: maybe (see below) -clear_inode: +statfs: maybe(read) (see below) +remount_fs: write umount_begin: no show_options: no (namespace_sem) quota_read: no (see below) quota_write: no (see below) -->remount_fs() will have the s_umount exclusive lock if it's already mounted. -When called from get_sb_single, it does NOT have the s_umount lock. +->statfs() has s_umount (shared) when called by ustat(2) (native or +compat), but that's an accident of bad API; s_umount is used to pin +the superblock down when we only have dev_t given us by userland to +identify the superblock. Everything else (statfs(), fstatfs(), etc.) +doesn't hold it when calling ->statfs() - superblock is pinned down +by resolving the pathname passed to syscall. ->quota_read() and ->quota_write() functions are both guaranteed to be the only ones operating on the quota file by the quota code (via dqio_sem) (unless an admin really wants to screw up something and @@ -178,7 +180,7 @@ prototypes: locking rules: All except set_page_dirty may block - BKL PageLocked(page) i_sem + BKL PageLocked(page) i_mutex writepage: no yes, unlocks (see below) readpage: no yes, unlocks sync_page: no maybe @@ -380,7 +382,7 @@ prototypes: int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *); int (*flush) (struct file *); int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *); - int (*fsync) (struct file *, struct dentry *, int datasync); + int (*fsync) (struct file *, int datasync); int (*aio_fsync) (struct kiocb *, int datasync); int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int); int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *); @@ -429,8 +431,9 @@ check_flags: no implementations. If your fs is not using generic_file_llseek, you need to acquire and release the appropriate locks in your ->llseek(). For many filesystems, it is probably safe to acquire the inode -semaphore. Note some filesystems (i.e. remote ones) provide no -protection for i_size so you will need to use the BKL. +mutex or just to use i_size_read() instead. +Note: this does not protect the file->f_pos against concurrent modifications +since this is something the userspace has to take care about. Note: ext2_release() was *the* source of contention on fs-intensive loads and dropping BKL on ->release() helps to get rid of that (we still diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/affs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/affs.txt index 2d152446..81ac488 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/affs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/affs.txt @@ -216,4 +216,4 @@ due to an incompatibility with the Amiga floppy controller. If you are interested in an Amiga Emulator for Linux, look at -http://www.freiburg.linux.de/~uae/ +http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.freiburg.linux.de/~uae/ diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/autofs4-mount-control.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/autofs4-mount-control.txt index 8f78ded..51986bf 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/autofs4-mount-control.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/autofs4-mount-control.txt @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ found to be inadequate, in this case. The Generic Netlink system was used for this as raw Netlink would lead to a significant increase in complexity. There's no question that the Generic Netlink system is an elegant solution for common case ioctl functions but it's not a complete -replacement probably because it's primary purpose in life is to be a +replacement probably because its primary purpose in life is to be a message bus implementation rather than specifically an ioctl replacement. While it would be possible to work around this there is one concern that lead to the decision to not use it. This is that the autofs diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/befs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/befs.txt index 67391a1..6e49c36 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/befs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/befs.txt @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Current maintainer: Sergey S. Kostyliov <rathamahata@php4.ru> WHAT IS THIS DRIVER? ================== -This module implements the native filesystem of BeOS <http://www.be.com/> +This module implements the native filesystem of BeOS http://www.beincorporated.com/ for the linux 2.4.1 and later kernels. Currently it is a read-only implementation. @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ step 2. Configuration & make kernel The linux kernel has many compile-time options. Most of them are beyond the scope of this document. I suggest the Kernel-HOWTO document as a good general -reference on this topic. <http://www.linux.com/howto/Kernel-HOWTO.html> +reference on this topic. http://www.linuxdocs.org/HOWTOs/Kernel-HOWTO-4.html However, to use the BeFS module, you must enable it at configure time. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/caching/fscache.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/caching/fscache.txt index a91e2e2..770267a 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/caching/fscache.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/caching/fscache.txt @@ -343,8 +343,8 @@ This will look something like: [root@andromeda ~]# head /proc/fs/fscache/objects OBJECT PARENT STAT CHLDN OPS OOP IPR EX READS EM EV F S | NETFS_COOKIE_DEF TY FL NETFS_DATA OBJECT_KEY, AUX_DATA ======== ======== ==== ===== === === === == ===== == == = = | ================ == == ================ ================ - 17e4b 2 ACTV 0 0 0 0 0 0 7b 4 0 8 | NFS.fh DT 0 ffff88001dd82820 010006017edcf8bbc93b43298fdfbe71e50b57b13a172c0117f38472, e567634700000000000000000000000063f2404a000000000000000000000000c9030000000000000000000063f2404a - 1693a 2 ACTV 0 0 0 0 0 0 7b 4 0 8 | NFS.fh DT 0 ffff88002db23380 010006017edcf8bbc93b43298fdfbe71e50b57b1e0162c01a2df0ea6, 420ebc4a000000000000000000000000420ebc4a0000000000000000000000000e1801000000000000000000420ebc4a + 17e4b 2 ACTV 0 0 0 0 0 0 7b 4 0 0 | NFS.fh DT 0 ffff88001dd82820 010006017edcf8bbc93b43298fdfbe71e50b57b13a172c0117f38472, e567634700000000000000000000000063f2404a000000000000000000000000c9030000000000000000000063f2404a + 1693a 2 ACTV 0 0 0 0 0 0 7b 4 0 0 | NFS.fh DT 0 ffff88002db23380 010006017edcf8bbc93b43298fdfbe71e50b57b1e0162c01a2df0ea6, 420ebc4a000000000000000000000000420ebc4a0000000000000000000000000e1801000000000000000000420ebc4a where the first set of columns before the '|' describe the object: @@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ where the first set of columns before the '|' describe the object: EM Object's event mask EV Events raised on this object F Object flags - S Object slow-work work item flags + S Object work item busy state mask (1:pending 2:running) and the second set of columns describe the object's cookie, if present: @@ -395,8 +395,8 @@ and the following paired letters: w Show objects that don't have pending writes R Show objects that have outstanding reads r Show objects that don't have outstanding reads - S Show objects that have slow work queued - s Show objects that don't have slow work queued + S Show objects that have work queued + s Show objects that don't have work queued If neither side of a letter pair is given, then both are implied. For example: diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/ceph.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/ceph.txt index 0660c9f..763d8eb 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/ceph.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/ceph.txt @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Mount Options Specify the IP and/or port the client should bind to locally. There is normally not much reason to do this. If the IP is not specified, the client's IP address is determined by looking at the - address it's connection to the monitor originates from. + address its connection to the monitor originates from. wsize=X Specify the maximum write size in bytes. By default there is no diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/dlmfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/dlmfs.txt index c50bbb2..1b528b2 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/dlmfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/dlmfs.txt @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ You'll want to start heartbeating on a volume which all the nodes in your lockspace can access. The easiest way to do this is via ocfs2_hb_ctl (distributed with ocfs2-tools). Right now it requires that an OCFS2 file system be in place so that it can automatically -find it's heartbeat area, though it will eventually support heartbeat +find its heartbeat area, though it will eventually support heartbeat against raw disks. Please see the ocfs2_hb_ctl and mkfs.ocfs2 manual pages distributed diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/ext3.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/ext3.txt index 867c5b50..272f80d 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/ext3.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/ext3.txt @@ -59,8 +59,19 @@ commit=nrsec (*) Ext3 can be told to sync all its data and metadata Setting it to very large values will improve performance. -barrier=1 This enables/disables barriers. barrier=0 disables - it, barrier=1 enables it. +barrier=<0(*)|1> This enables/disables the use of write barriers in +barrier the jbd code. barrier=0 disables, barrier=1 enables. +nobarrier (*) This also requires an IO stack which can support + barriers, and if jbd gets an error on a barrier + write, it will disable again with a warning. + Write barriers enforce proper on-disk ordering + of journal commits, making volatile disk write caches + safe to use, at some performance penalty. If + your disks are battery-backed in one way or another, + disabling barriers may safely improve performance. + The mount options "barrier" and "nobarrier" can + also be used to enable or disable barriers, for + consistency with other ext3 mount options. orlov (*) This enables the new Orlov block allocator. It is enabled by default. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/fiemap.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/fiemap.txt index 606233c..1b805a0 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/fiemap.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/fiemap.txt @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ flags, it will return EBADR and the contents of fm_flags will contain the set of flags which caused the error. If the kernel is compatible with all flags passed, the contents of fm_flags will be unmodified. It is up to userspace to determine whether rejection of a particular -flag is fatal to it's operation. This scheme is intended to allow the +flag is fatal to its operation. This scheme is intended to allow the fiemap interface to grow in the future but without losing compatibility with old software. @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ If this flag is set, the kernel will sync the file before mapping extents. * FIEMAP_FLAG_XATTR If this flag is set, the extents returned will describe the inodes -extended attribute lookup tree, instead of it's data tree. +extended attribute lookup tree, instead of its data tree. Extent Mapping @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ struct fiemap_extent { }; All offsets and lengths are in bytes and mirror those on disk. It is valid -for an extents logical offset to start before the request or it's logical +for an extents logical offset to start before the request or its logical length to extend past the request. Unless FIEMAP_EXTENT_NOT_ALIGNED is returned, fe_logical, fe_physical, and fe_length will be aligned to the block size of the file system. With the exception of extents flagged as @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ been allocated for the file yet. * FIEMAP_EXTENT_DELALLOC - This will also set FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNKNOWN. -Delayed allocation - while there is data for this extent, it's +Delayed allocation - while there is data for this extent, its physical location has not been allocated yet. * FIEMAP_EXTENT_ENCODED @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Data is located within a meta data block. Data is packed into a block with data from other files. * FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNWRITTEN -Unwritten extent - the extent is allocated but it's data has not been +Unwritten extent - the extent is allocated but its data has not been initialized. This indicates the extent's data will be all zero if read through the filesystem but the contents are undefined if read directly from the device. @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ VFS -> File System Implementation File systems wishing to support fiemap must implement a ->fiemap callback on their inode_operations structure. The fs ->fiemap call is responsible for -defining it's set of supported fiemap flags, and calling a helper function on +defining its set of supported fiemap flags, and calling a helper function on each discovered extent: struct inode_operations { diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/fuse.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/fuse.txt index 397a41a..13af4a4 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/fuse.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/fuse.txt @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ Mount options 'default_permissions' By default FUSE doesn't check file access permissions, the - filesystem is free to implement it's access policy or leave it to + filesystem is free to implement its access policy or leave it to the underlying file access mechanism (e.g. in case of network filesystems). This option enables permission checking, restricting access based on file mode. It is usually useful together with the @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ or may honor them by sending a reply to the _original_ request, with the error set to EINTR. It is also possible that there's a race between processing the -original request and it's INTERRUPT request. There are two possibilities: +original request and its INTERRUPT request. There are two possibilities: 1) The INTERRUPT request is processed before the original request is processed diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/gfs2.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/gfs2.txt index 5e3ab8f..0b59c02 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/gfs2.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/gfs2.txt @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ Global File System ------------------ -http://sources.redhat.com/cluster/ +http://sources.redhat.com/cluster/wiki/ GFS is a cluster file system. It allows a cluster of computers to simultaneously use a block device that is shared between them (with FC, @@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ GFS2 is not on-disk compatible with previous versions of GFS, but it is pretty close. The following man pages can be found at the URL above: - fsck.gfs2 to repair a filesystem - gfs2_grow to expand a filesystem online - gfs2_jadd to add journals to a filesystem online - gfs2_tool to manipulate, examine and tune a filesystem + fsck.gfs2 to repair a filesystem + gfs2_grow to expand a filesystem online + gfs2_jadd to add journals to a filesystem online + gfs2_tool to manipulate, examine and tune a filesystem gfs2_quota to examine and change quota values in a filesystem gfs2_convert to convert a gfs filesystem to gfs2 in-place mount.gfs2 to help mount(8) mount a filesystem - mkfs.gfs2 to make a filesystem + mkfs.gfs2 to make a filesystem diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/hpfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/hpfs.txt index fa45c3b..74630bd 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/hpfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/hpfs.txt @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ to analyze or change OS2SYS.INI. Codepages HPFS can contain several uppercasing tables for several codepages and each -file has a pointer to codepage it's name is in. However OS/2 was created in +file has a pointer to codepage its name is in. However OS/2 was created in America where people don't care much about codepages and so multiple codepages support is quite buggy. I have Czech OS/2 working in codepage 852 on my disk. Once I booted English OS/2 working in cp 850 and I created a file on my 852 diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/isofs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/isofs.txt index 3c367c3..ba0a933 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/isofs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/isofs.txt @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Mount options unique to the isofs filesystem. sbsector=xxx Session begins from sector xxx Recommended documents about ISO 9660 standard are located at: -http://www.y-adagio.com/public/standards/iso_cdromr/tocont.htm +http://www.y-adagio.com/ ftp://ftp.ecma.ch/ecma-st/Ecma-119.pdf Quoting from the PDF "This 2nd Edition of Standard ECMA-119 is technically identical with ISO 9660.", so it is a valid and gratis substitute of the diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/logfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/logfs.txt index e64c94b..bca42c2 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/logfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/logfs.txt @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Levels ------ Garbage collection (GC) may fail if all data is written -indiscriminately. One requirement of GC is that data is seperated +indiscriminately. One requirement of GC is that data is separated roughly according to the distance between the tree root and the data. Effectively that means all file data is on level 0, indirect blocks are on levels 1, 2, 3 4 or 5 for 1x, 2x, 3x, 4x or 5x indirect blocks, @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ respectively. Inode file data is on level 6 for the inodes and 7-11 for indirect blocks. Each segment contains objects of a single level only. As a result, -each level requires its own seperate segment to be open for writing. +each level requires its own separate segment to be open for writing. Inode File ---------- @@ -106,9 +106,9 @@ Vim --- By cleverly predicting the life time of data, it is possible to -seperate long-living data from short-living data and thereby reduce +separate long-living data from short-living data and thereby reduce the GC overhead later. Each type of distinc life expectency (vim) can -have a seperate segment open for writing. Each (level, vim) tupel can +have a separate segment open for writing. Each (level, vim) tupel can be open just once. If an open segment with unknown vim is encountered at mount time, it is closed and ignored henceforth. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfs41-server.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfs41-server.txt index 6a53a84..0488491 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfs41-server.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfs41-server.txt @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ NS*| OPENATTR | OPT | | Section 18.17 | | READ | REQ | | Section 18.22 | | READDIR | REQ | | Section 18.23 | | READLINK | OPT | | Section 18.24 | -NS | RECLAIM_COMPLETE | REQ | | Section 18.51 | + | RECLAIM_COMPLETE | REQ | | Section 18.51 | | RELEASE_LOCKOWNER | MNI | | N/A | | REMOVE | REQ | | Section 18.25 | | RENAME | REQ | | Section 18.26 | diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt index 3ba0b94..f2430a7 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt @@ -124,6 +124,8 @@ ip=<client-ip>:<server-ip>:<gw-ip>:<netmask>:<hostname>:<device>:<autoconf> <hostname> Name of the client. May be supplied by autoconfiguration, but its absence will not trigger autoconfiguration. + If specified and DHCP is used, the user provided hostname will + be carried in the DHCP request to hopefully update DNS record. Default: Client IP address is used in ASCII notation. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/rpc-cache.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/rpc-cache.txt index 8a382be..ebcaaee 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/rpc-cache.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/rpc-cache.txt @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ failed lookup meant a definite 'no'. request/response format ----------------------- -While each cache is free to use it's own format for requests +While each cache is free to use its own format for requests and responses over channel, the following is recommended as appropriate and support routines are available to help: Each request or response record should be printable ASCII diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/nilfs2.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/nilfs2.txt index cf6d0d8..d5c0cef 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/nilfs2.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/nilfs2.txt @@ -49,9 +49,12 @@ Mount options NILFS2 supports the following mount options: (*) == default -nobarrier Disables barriers. -errors=continue(*) Keep going on a filesystem error. -errors=remount-ro Remount the filesystem read-only on an error. +barrier(*) This enables/disables the use of write barriers. This +nobarrier requires an IO stack which can support barriers, and + if nilfs gets an error on a barrier write, it will + disable again with a warning. +errors=continue Keep going on a filesystem error. +errors=remount-ro(*) Remount the filesystem read-only on an error. errors=panic Panic and halt the machine if an error occurs. cp=n Specify the checkpoint-number of the snapshot to be mounted. Checkpoints and snapshots are listed by lscp @@ -74,9 +77,10 @@ norecovery Disable recovery of the filesystem on mount. This disables every write access on the device for read-only mounts or snapshots. This option will fail for r/w mounts on an unclean volume. -discard Issue discard/TRIM commands to the underlying block - device when blocks are freed. This is useful for SSD - devices and sparse/thinly-provisioned LUNs. +discard This enables/disables the use of discard/TRIM commands. +nodiscard(*) The discard/TRIM commands are sent to the underlying + block device when blocks are freed. This is useful + for SSD devices and sparse/thinly-provisioned LUNs. NILFS2 usage ============ diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/ocfs2.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/ocfs2.txt index c58b9f5..1f7ae14 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/ocfs2.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/ocfs2.txt @@ -80,3 +80,10 @@ user_xattr (*) Enables Extended User Attributes. nouser_xattr Disables Extended User Attributes. acl Enables POSIX Access Control Lists support. noacl (*) Disables POSIX Access Control Lists support. +resv_level=2 (*) Set how agressive allocation reservations will be. + Valid values are between 0 (reservations off) to 8 + (maximum space for reservations). +dir_resv_level= (*) By default, directory reservations will scale with file + reservations - users should rarely need to change this + value. If allocation reservations are turned off, this + option will have no effect. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/porting b/Documentation/filesystems/porting index a7e9746..b12c895 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/porting +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/porting @@ -273,3 +273,48 @@ it's safe to remove it. If you don't need it, remove it. deliberate; as soon as struct block_device * is propagated in a reasonable way by that code fixing will become trivial; until then nothing can be done. + +[mandatory] + + block truncatation on error exit from ->write_begin, and ->direct_IO +moved from generic methods (block_write_begin, cont_write_begin, +nobh_write_begin, blockdev_direct_IO*) to callers. Take a look at +ext2_write_failed and callers for an example. + +[mandatory] + + ->truncate is going away. The whole truncate sequence needs to be +implemented in ->setattr, which is now mandatory for filesystems +implementing on-disk size changes. Start with a copy of the old inode_setattr +and vmtruncate, and the reorder the vmtruncate + foofs_vmtruncate sequence to +be in order of zeroing blocks using block_truncate_page or similar helpers, +size update and on finally on-disk truncation which should not fail. +inode_change_ok now includes the size checks for ATTR_SIZE and must be called +in the beginning of ->setattr unconditionally. + +[mandatory] + + ->clear_inode() and ->delete_inode() are gone; ->evict_inode() should +be used instead. It gets called whenever the inode is evicted, whether it has +remaining links or not. Caller does *not* evict the pagecache or inode-associated +metadata buffers; getting rid of those is responsibility of method, as it had +been for ->delete_inode(). + ->drop_inode() returns int now; it's called on final iput() with inode_lock +held and it returns true if filesystems wants the inode to be dropped. As before, +generic_drop_inode() is still the default and it's been updated appropriately. +generic_delete_inode() is also alive and it consists simply of return 1. Note that +all actual eviction work is done by caller after ->drop_inode() returns. + clear_inode() is gone; use end_writeback() instead. As before, it must +be called exactly once on each call of ->evict_inode() (as it used to be for +each call of ->delete_inode()). Unlike before, if you are using inode-associated +metadata buffers (i.e. mark_buffer_dirty_inode()), it's your responsibility to +call invalidate_inode_buffers() before end_writeback(). + No async writeback (and thus no calls of ->write_inode()) will happen +after end_writeback() returns, so actions that should not overlap with ->write_inode() +(e.g. freeing on-disk inode if i_nlink is 0) ought to be done after that call. + + NOTE: checking i_nlink in the beginning of ->write_inode() and bailing out +if it's zero is not *and* *never* *had* *been* enough. Final unlink() and iput() +may happen while the inode is in the middle of ->write_inode(); e.g. if you blindly +free the on-disk inode, you may end up doing that while ->write_inode() is writing +to it. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt index a4f30fa..a6aca87 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt @@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ Table of Contents 2 Modifying System Parameters 3 Per-Process Parameters - 3.1 /proc/<pid>/oom_adj - Adjust the oom-killer score + 3.1 /proc/<pid>/oom_adj & /proc/<pid>/oom_score_adj - Adjust the oom-killer + score 3.2 /proc/<pid>/oom_score - Display current oom-killer score 3.3 /proc/<pid>/io - Display the IO accounting fields 3.4 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter - Core dump filtering settings @@ -73,9 +74,9 @@ contact Bodo Bauer at bb@ricochet.net. We'll be happy to add them to this document. The latest version of this document is available online at -http://skaro.nightcrawler.com/~bb/Docs/Proc as HTML version. +http://tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/proc.html -If the above direction does not works for you, ypu could try the kernel +If the above direction does not works for you, you could try the kernel mailing list at linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org and/or try to reach me at comandante@zaralinux.com. @@ -305,7 +306,7 @@ Table 1-4: Contents of the stat files (as of 2.6.30-rc7) cgtime guest time of the task children in jiffies .............................................................................. -The /proc/PID/map file containing the currently mapped memory regions and +The /proc/PID/maps file containing the currently mapped memory regions and their access permissions. The format is: @@ -316,7 +317,7 @@ address perms offset dev inode pathname 08049000-0804a000 rw-p 00001000 03:00 8312 /opt/test 0804a000-0806b000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap] a7cb1000-a7cb2000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 -a7cb2000-a7eb2000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [threadstack:001ff4b4] +a7cb2000-a7eb2000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 a7eb2000-a7eb3000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 a7eb3000-a7ed5000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 a7ed5000-a8008000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 4222 /lib/libc.so.6 @@ -352,7 +353,6 @@ is not associated with a file: [stack] = the stack of the main process [vdso] = the "virtual dynamic shared object", the kernel system call handler - [threadstack:xxxxxxxx] = the stack of the thread, xxxxxxxx is the stack size or if empty, the mapping is anonymous. @@ -566,6 +566,10 @@ The default_smp_affinity mask applies to all non-active IRQs, which are the IRQs which have not yet been allocated/activated, and hence which lack a /proc/irq/[0-9]* directory. +The node file on an SMP system shows the node to which the device using the IRQ +reports itself as being attached. This hardware locality information does not +include information about any possible driver locality preference. + prof_cpu_mask specifies which CPUs are to be profiled by the system wide profiler. Default value is ffffffff (all cpus). @@ -965,7 +969,7 @@ your system and how much traffic was routed over those devices: ...] 1375103 17405 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...] 1703981 5535 0 0 0 3 0 0 -In addition, each Channel Bond interface has it's own directory. For +In addition, each Channel Bond interface has its own directory. For example, the bond0 device will have a directory called /proc/net/bond0/. It will contain information that is specific to that bond, such as the current slaves of the bond, the link status of the slaves, and how @@ -1231,42 +1235,64 @@ of the kernel. CHAPTER 3: PER-PROCESS PARAMETERS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -3.1 /proc/<pid>/oom_adj - Adjust the oom-killer score ------------------------------------------------------- - -This file can be used to adjust the score used to select which processes -should be killed in an out-of-memory situation. Giving it a high score will -increase the likelihood of this process being killed by the oom-killer. Valid -values are in the range -16 to +15, plus the special value -17, which disables -oom-killing altogether for this process. - -The process to be killed in an out-of-memory situation is selected among all others -based on its badness score. This value equals the original memory size of the process -and is then updated according to its CPU time (utime + stime) and the -run time (uptime - start time). The longer it runs the smaller is the score. -Badness score is divided by the square root of the CPU time and then by -the double square root of the run time. - -Swapped out tasks are killed first. Half of each child's memory size is added to -the parent's score if they do not share the same memory. Thus forking servers -are the prime candidates to be killed. Having only one 'hungry' child will make -parent less preferable than the child. - -/proc/<pid>/oom_score shows process' current badness score. - -The following heuristics are then applied: - * if the task was reniced, its score doubles - * superuser or direct hardware access tasks (CAP_SYS_ADMIN, CAP_SYS_RESOURCE - or CAP_SYS_RAWIO) have their score divided by 4 - * if oom condition happened in one cpuset and checked process does not belong - to it, its score is divided by 8 - * the resulting score is multiplied by two to the power of oom_adj, i.e. - points <<= oom_adj when it is positive and - points >>= -(oom_adj) otherwise - -The task with the highest badness score is then selected and its children -are killed, process itself will be killed in an OOM situation when it does -not have children or some of them disabled oom like described above. +3.1 /proc/<pid>/oom_adj & /proc/<pid>/oom_score_adj- Adjust the oom-killer score +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +These file can be used to adjust the badness heuristic used to select which +process gets killed in out of memory conditions. + +The badness heuristic assigns a value to each candidate task ranging from 0 +(never kill) to 1000 (always kill) to determine which process is targeted. The +units are roughly a proportion along that range of allowed memory the process +may allocate from based on an estimation of its current memory and swap use. +For example, if a task is using all allowed memory, its badness score will be +1000. If it is using half of its allowed memory, its score will be 500. + +There is an additional factor included in the badness score: root +processes are given 3% extra memory over other tasks. + +The amount of "allowed" memory depends on the context in which the oom killer +was called. If it is due to the memory assigned to the allocating task's cpuset +being exhausted, the allowed memory represents the set of mems assigned to that +cpuset. If it is due to a mempolicy's node(s) being exhausted, the allowed +memory represents the set of mempolicy nodes. If it is due to a memory +limit (or swap limit) being reached, the allowed memory is that configured +limit. Finally, if it is due to the entire system being out of memory, the +allowed memory represents all allocatable resources. + +The value of /proc/<pid>/oom_score_adj is added to the badness score before it +is used to determine which task to kill. Acceptable values range from -1000 +(OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN) to +1000 (OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX). This allows userspace to +polarize the preference for oom killing either by always preferring a certain +task or completely disabling it. The lowest possible value, -1000, is +equivalent to disabling oom killing entirely for that task since it will always +report a badness score of 0. + +Consequently, it is very simple for userspace to define the amount of memory to +consider for each task. Setting a /proc/<pid>/oom_score_adj value of +500, for +example, is roughly equivalent to allowing the remainder of tasks sharing the +same system, cpuset, mempolicy, or memory controller resources to use at least +50% more memory. A value of -500, on the other hand, would be roughly +equivalent to discounting 50% of the task's allowed memory from being considered +as scoring against the task. + +For backwards compatibility with previous kernels, /proc/<pid>/oom_adj may also +be used to tune the badness score. Its acceptable values range from -16 +(OOM_ADJUST_MIN) to +15 (OOM_ADJUST_MAX) and a special value of -17 +(OOM_DISABLE) to disable oom killing entirely for that task. Its value is +scaled linearly with /proc/<pid>/oom_score_adj. + +Writing to /proc/<pid>/oom_score_adj or /proc/<pid>/oom_adj will change the +other with its scaled value. + +NOTICE: /proc/<pid>/oom_adj is deprecated and will be removed, please see +Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt. + +Caveat: when a parent task is selected, the oom killer will sacrifice any first +generation children with seperate address spaces instead, if possible. This +avoids servers and important system daemons from being killed and loses the +minimal amount of work. + 3.2 /proc/<pid>/oom_score - Display current oom-killer score ------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -1362,7 +1388,7 @@ been accounted as having caused 1MB of write. In other words: The number of bytes which this process caused to not happen, by truncating pagecache. A task can cause "negative" IO too. If this task truncates some dirty pagecache, some IO which another task has been accounted -for (in it's write_bytes) will not be happening. We _could_ just subtract that +for (in its write_bytes) will not be happening. We _could_ just subtract that from the truncating task's write_bytes, but there is information loss in doing that. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/smbfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/smbfs.txt index f673ef0..194fb0d 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/smbfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/smbfs.txt @@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ protocol used by Windows for Workgroups, Windows 95 and Windows NT. Smbfs was inspired by Samba, the program written by Andrew Tridgell that turns any Unix host into a file server for DOS or Windows clients. -Smbfs is a SMB client, but uses parts of samba for it's operation. For +Smbfs is a SMB client, but uses parts of samba for its operation. For more info on samba, including documentation, please go to http://www.samba.org/ and then on to your nearest mirror. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs-pci.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs-pci.txt index 85354b3..74eaac2 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs-pci.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs-pci.txt @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ files, each with their own function. local_cpus nearby CPU mask (cpumask, ro) remove remove device from kernel's list (ascii, wo) resource PCI resource host addresses (ascii, ro) - resource0..N PCI resource N, if present (binary, mmap) + resource0..N PCI resource N, if present (binary, mmap, rw[1]) resource0_wc..N_wc PCI WC map resource N, if prefetchable (binary, mmap) rom PCI ROM resource, if present (binary, ro) subsystem_device PCI subsystem device (ascii, ro) @@ -54,13 +54,16 @@ files, each with their own function. binary - file contains binary data cpumask - file contains a cpumask type +[1] rw for RESOURCE_IO (I/O port) regions only + The read only files are informational, writes to them will be ignored, with the exception of the 'rom' file. Writable files can be used to perform actions on the device (e.g. changing config space, detaching a device). mmapable files are available via an mmap of the file at offset 0 and can be used to do actual device programming from userspace. Note that some platforms don't support mmapping of certain resources, so be sure to check the return -value from any attempted mmap. +value from any attempted mmap. The most notable of these are I/O port +resources, which also provide read/write access. The 'enable' file provides a counter that indicates how many times the device has been enabled. If the 'enable' file currently returns '4', and a '1' is diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs-tagging.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs-tagging.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..caaaf12 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs-tagging.txt @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +Sysfs tagging +------------- + +(Taken almost verbatim from Eric Biederman's netns tagging patch +commit msg) + +The problem. Network devices show up in sysfs and with the network +namespace active multiple devices with the same name can show up in +the same directory, ouch! + +To avoid that problem and allow existing applications in network +namespaces to see the same interface that is currently presented in +sysfs, sysfs now has tagging directory support. + +By using the network namespace pointers as tags to separate out the +the sysfs directory entries we ensure that we don't have conflicts +in the directories and applications only see a limited set of +the network devices. + +Each sysfs directory entry may be tagged with zero or one +namespaces. A sysfs_dirent is augmented with a void *s_ns. If a +directory entry is tagged, then sysfs_dirent->s_flags will have a +flag between KOBJ_NS_TYPE_NONE and KOBJ_NS_TYPES, and s_ns will +point to the namespace to which it belongs. + +Each sysfs superblock's sysfs_super_info contains an array void +*ns[KOBJ_NS_TYPES]. When a a task in a tagging namespace +kobj_nstype first mounts sysfs, a new superblock is created. It +will be differentiated from other sysfs mounts by having its +s_fs_info->ns[kobj_nstype] set to the new namespace. Note that +through bind mounting and mounts propagation, a task can easily view +the contents of other namespaces' sysfs mounts. Therefore, when a +namespace exits, it will call kobj_ns_exit() to invalidate any +sysfs_dirent->s_ns pointers pointing to it. + +Users of this interface: +- define a type in the kobj_ns_type enumeration. +- call kobj_ns_type_register() with its kobj_ns_type_operations which has + - current_ns() which returns current's namespace + - netlink_ns() which returns a socket's namespace + - initial_ns() which returns the initial namesapce +- call kobj_ns_exit() when an individual tag is no longer valid diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt index 931c806..5d1335fae 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ sysfs - _The_ filesystem for exporting kernel objects. Patrick Mochel <mochel@osdl.org> Mike Murphy <mamurph@cs.clemson.edu> -Revised: 22 February 2009 +Revised: 15 July 2010 Original: 10 January 2003 @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ show and store methods of the attribute owners. struct sysfs_ops { ssize_t (*show)(struct kobject *, struct attribute *, char *); - ssize_t (*store)(struct kobject *, struct attribute *, const char *); + ssize_t (*store)(struct kobject *, struct attribute *, const char *, size_t); }; [ Subsystems should have already defined a struct kobj_type as a @@ -139,18 +139,22 @@ calls the associated methods. To illustrate: +#define to_dev(obj) container_of(obj, struct device, kobj) #define to_dev_attr(_attr) container_of(_attr, struct device_attribute, attr) -#define to_dev(d) container_of(d, struct device, kobj) -static ssize_t -dev_attr_show(struct kobject * kobj, struct attribute * attr, char * buf) +static ssize_t dev_attr_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *attr, + char *buf) { - struct device_attribute * dev_attr = to_dev_attr(attr); - struct device * dev = to_dev(kobj); - ssize_t ret = 0; + struct device_attribute *dev_attr = to_dev_attr(attr); + struct device *dev = to_dev(kobj); + ssize_t ret = -EIO; if (dev_attr->show) - ret = dev_attr->show(dev, buf); + ret = dev_attr->show(dev, dev_attr, buf); + if (ret >= (ssize_t)PAGE_SIZE) { + print_symbol("dev_attr_show: %s returned bad count\n", + (unsigned long)dev_attr->show); + } return ret; } @@ -163,10 +167,9 @@ To read or write attributes, show() or store() methods must be specified when declaring the attribute. The method types should be as simple as those defined for device attributes: -ssize_t (*show)(struct device * dev, struct device_attribute * attr, - char * buf); -ssize_t (*store)(struct device * dev, struct device_attribute * attr, - const char * buf); +ssize_t (*show)(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf); +ssize_t (*store)(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, + const char *buf, size_t count); IOW, they should take only an object, an attribute, and a buffer as parameters. @@ -209,8 +212,8 @@ Other notes: - show() should always use snprintf(). -- store() should return the number of bytes used from the buffer. This - can be done using strlen(). +- store() should return the number of bytes used from the buffer. If the + entire buffer has been used, just return the count argument. - show() or store() can always return errors. If a bad value comes through, be sure to return an error. @@ -223,15 +226,18 @@ Other notes: A very simple (and naive) implementation of a device attribute is: -static ssize_t show_name(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf) +static ssize_t show_name(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, + char *buf) { return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%s\n", dev->name); } -static ssize_t store_name(struct device * dev, const char * buf) +static ssize_t store_name(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, + const char *buf, size_t count) { - sscanf(buf, "%20s", dev->name); - return strnlen(buf, PAGE_SIZE); + snprintf(dev->name, sizeof(dev->name), "%.*s", + (int)min(count, sizeof(dev->name) - 1), buf); + return count; } static DEVICE_ATTR(name, S_IRUGO, show_name, store_name); @@ -327,7 +333,7 @@ Structure: struct bus_attribute { struct attribute attr; ssize_t (*show)(struct bus_type *, char * buf); - ssize_t (*store)(struct bus_type *, const char * buf); + ssize_t (*store)(struct bus_type *, const char * buf, size_t count); }; Declaring: diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt index fe09a2c..98ef551 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt @@ -94,11 +94,19 @@ NodeList format is a comma-separated list of decimal numbers and ranges, a range being two hyphen-separated decimal numbers, the smallest and largest node numbers in the range. For example, mpol=bind:0-3,5,7,9-15 +A memory policy with a valid NodeList will be saved, as specified, for +use at file creation time. When a task allocates a file in the file +system, the mount option memory policy will be applied with a NodeList, +if any, modified by the calling task's cpuset constraints +[See Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt] and any optional flags, listed +below. If the resulting NodeLists is the empty set, the effective memory +policy for the file will revert to "default" policy. + NUMA memory allocation policies have optional flags that can be used in conjunction with their modes. These optional flags can be specified when tmpfs is mounted by appending them to the mode before the NodeList. See Documentation/vm/numa_memory_policy.txt for a list of all available -memory allocation policy mode flags. +memory allocation policy mode flags and their effect on memory policy. =static is equivalent to MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES =relative is equivalent to MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt index eed520f..ead764b 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt @@ -165,7 +165,8 @@ TEST SUITE If you plan to make any modifications to the vfat filesystem, please get the test suite that comes with the vfat distribution at - http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/vfat.html + http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/ + people/chaffee/vfat.html This tests quite a few parts of the vfat filesystem and additional tests for new features or untested features would be appreciated. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt index 3de2f32..94677e7 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ structure (this is the kernel-side implementation of file descriptors). The freshly allocated file structure is initialized with a pointer to the dentry and a set of file operation member functions. These are taken from the inode data. The open() file method is then -called so the specific filesystem implementation can do it's work. You +called so the specific filesystem implementation can do its work. You can see that this is another switch performed by the VFS. The file structure is placed into the file descriptor table for the process. @@ -401,11 +401,16 @@ otherwise noted. started might not be in the page cache at the end of the walk). - truncate: called by the VFS to change the size of a file. The + truncate: Deprecated. This will not be called if ->setsize is defined. + Called by the VFS to change the size of a file. The i_size field of the inode is set to the desired size by the VFS before this method is called. This method is called by the truncate(2) system call and related functionality. + Note: ->truncate and vmtruncate are deprecated. Do not add new + instances/calls of these. Filesystems should be converted to do their + truncate sequence via ->setattr(). + permission: called by the VFS to check for access rights on a POSIX-like filesystem. @@ -729,7 +734,7 @@ struct file_operations { int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *); int (*flush) (struct file *); int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *); - int (*fsync) (struct file *, struct dentry *, int datasync); + int (*fsync) (struct file *, int datasync); int (*aio_fsync) (struct kiocb *, int datasync); int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int); int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *); diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/xfs-delayed-logging-design.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/xfs-delayed-logging-design.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..96d0df2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/xfs-delayed-logging-design.txt @@ -0,0 +1,811 @@ +XFS Delayed Logging Design +-------------------------- + +Introduction to Re-logging in XFS +--------------------------------- + +XFS logging is a combination of logical and physical logging. Some objects, +such as inodes and dquots, are logged in logical format where the details +logged are made up of the changes to in-core structures rather than on-disk +structures. Other objects - typically buffers - have their physical changes +logged. The reason for these differences is to reduce the amount of log space +required for objects that are frequently logged. Some parts of inodes are more +frequently logged than others, and inodes are typically more frequently logged +than any other object (except maybe the superblock buffer) so keeping the +amount of metadata logged low is of prime importance. + +The reason that this is such a concern is that XFS allows multiple separate +modifications to a single object to be carried in the log at any given time. +This allows the log to avoid needing to flush each change to disk before +recording a new change to the object. XFS does this via a method called +"re-logging". Conceptually, this is quite simple - all it requires is that any +new change to the object is recorded with a *new copy* of all the existing +changes in the new transaction that is written to the log. + +That is, if we have a sequence of changes A through to F, and the object was +written to disk after change D, we would see in the log the following series +of transactions, their contents and the log sequence number (LSN) of the +transaction: + + Transaction Contents LSN + A A X + B A+B X+n + C A+B+C X+n+m + D A+B+C+D X+n+m+o + <object written to disk> + E E Y (> X+n+m+o) + F E+F Yٍ+p + +In other words, each time an object is relogged, the new transaction contains +the aggregation of all the previous changes currently held only in the log. + +This relogging technique also allows objects to be moved forward in the log so +that an object being relogged does not prevent the tail of the log from ever +moving forward. This can be seen in the table above by the changing +(increasing) LSN of each subsquent transaction - the LSN is effectively a +direct encoding of the location in the log of the transaction. + +This relogging is also used to implement long-running, multiple-commit +transactions. These transaction are known as rolling transactions, and require +a special log reservation known as a permanent transaction reservation. A +typical example of a rolling transaction is the removal of extents from an +inode which can only be done at a rate of two extents per transaction because +of reservation size limitations. Hence a rolling extent removal transaction +keeps relogging the inode and btree buffers as they get modified in each +removal operation. This keeps them moving forward in the log as the operation +progresses, ensuring that current operation never gets blocked by itself if the +log wraps around. + +Hence it can be seen that the relogging operation is fundamental to the correct +working of the XFS journalling subsystem. From the above description, most +people should be able to see why the XFS metadata operations writes so much to +the log - repeated operations to the same objects write the same changes to +the log over and over again. Worse is the fact that objects tend to get +dirtier as they get relogged, so each subsequent transaction is writing more +metadata into the log. + +Another feature of the XFS transaction subsystem is that most transactions are +asynchronous. That is, they don't commit to disk until either a log buffer is +filled (a log buffer can hold multiple transactions) or a synchronous operation +forces the log buffers holding the transactions to disk. This means that XFS is +doing aggregation of transactions in memory - batching them, if you like - to +minimise the impact of the log IO on transaction throughput. + +The limitation on asynchronous transaction throughput is the number and size of +log buffers made available by the log manager. By default there are 8 log +buffers available and the size of each is 32kB - the size can be increased up +to 256kB by use of a mount option. + +Effectively, this gives us the maximum bound of outstanding metadata changes +that can be made to the filesystem at any point in time - if all the log +buffers are full and under IO, then no more transactions can be committed until +the current batch completes. It is now common for a single current CPU core to +be to able to issue enough transactions to keep the log buffers full and under +IO permanently. Hence the XFS journalling subsystem can be considered to be IO +bound. + +Delayed Logging: Concepts +------------------------- + +The key thing to note about the asynchronous logging combined with the +relogging technique XFS uses is that we can be relogging changed objects +multiple times before they are committed to disk in the log buffers. If we +return to the previous relogging example, it is entirely possible that +transactions A through D are committed to disk in the same log buffer. + +That is, a single log buffer may contain multiple copies of the same object, +but only one of those copies needs to be there - the last one "D", as it +contains all the changes from the previous changes. In other words, we have one +necessary copy in the log buffer, and three stale copies that are simply +wasting space. When we are doing repeated operations on the same set of +objects, these "stale objects" can be over 90% of the space used in the log +buffers. It is clear that reducing the number of stale objects written to the +log would greatly reduce the amount of metadata we write to the log, and this +is the fundamental goal of delayed logging. + +From a conceptual point of view, XFS is already doing relogging in memory (where +memory == log buffer), only it is doing it extremely inefficiently. It is using +logical to physical formatting to do the relogging because there is no +infrastructure to keep track of logical changes in memory prior to physically +formatting the changes in a transaction to the log buffer. Hence we cannot avoid +accumulating stale objects in the log buffers. + +Delayed logging is the name we've given to keeping and tracking transactional +changes to objects in memory outside the log buffer infrastructure. Because of +the relogging concept fundamental to the XFS journalling subsystem, this is +actually relatively easy to do - all the changes to logged items are already +tracked in the current infrastructure. The big problem is how to accumulate +them and get them to the log in a consistent, recoverable manner. +Describing the problems and how they have been solved is the focus of this +document. + +One of the key changes that delayed logging makes to the operation of the +journalling subsystem is that it disassociates the amount of outstanding +metadata changes from the size and number of log buffers available. In other +words, instead of there only being a maximum of 2MB of transaction changes not +written to the log at any point in time, there may be a much greater amount +being accumulated in memory. Hence the potential for loss of metadata on a +crash is much greater than for the existing logging mechanism. + +It should be noted that this does not change the guarantee that log recovery +will result in a consistent filesystem. What it does mean is that as far as the +recovered filesystem is concerned, there may be many thousands of transactions +that simply did not occur as a result of the crash. This makes it even more +important that applications that care about their data use fsync() where they +need to ensure application level data integrity is maintained. + +It should be noted that delayed logging is not an innovative new concept that +warrants rigorous proofs to determine whether it is correct or not. The method +of accumulating changes in memory for some period before writing them to the +log is used effectively in many filesystems including ext3 and ext4. Hence +no time is spent in this document trying to convince the reader that the +concept is sound. Instead it is simply considered a "solved problem" and as +such implementing it in XFS is purely an exercise in software engineering. + +The fundamental requirements for delayed logging in XFS are simple: + + 1. Reduce the amount of metadata written to the log by at least + an order of magnitude. + 2. Supply sufficient statistics to validate Requirement #1. + 3. Supply sufficient new tracing infrastructure to be able to debug + problems with the new code. + 4. No on-disk format change (metadata or log format). + 5. Enable and disable with a mount option. + 6. No performance regressions for synchronous transaction workloads. + +Delayed Logging: Design +----------------------- + +Storing Changes + +The problem with accumulating changes at a logical level (i.e. just using the +existing log item dirty region tracking) is that when it comes to writing the +changes to the log buffers, we need to ensure that the object we are formatting +is not changing while we do this. This requires locking the object to prevent +concurrent modification. Hence flushing the logical changes to the log would +require us to lock every object, format them, and then unlock them again. + +This introduces lots of scope for deadlocks with transactions that are already +running. For example, a transaction has object A locked and modified, but needs +the delayed logging tracking lock to commit the transaction. However, the +flushing thread has the delayed logging tracking lock already held, and is +trying to get the lock on object A to flush it to the log buffer. This appears +to be an unsolvable deadlock condition, and it was solving this problem that +was the barrier to implementing delayed logging for so long. + +The solution is relatively simple - it just took a long time to recognise it. +Put simply, the current logging code formats the changes to each item into an +vector array that points to the changed regions in the item. The log write code +simply copies the memory these vectors point to into the log buffer during +transaction commit while the item is locked in the transaction. Instead of +using the log buffer as the destination of the formatting code, we can use an +allocated memory buffer big enough to fit the formatted vector. + +If we then copy the vector into the memory buffer and rewrite the vector to +point to the memory buffer rather than the object itself, we now have a copy of +the changes in a format that is compatible with the log buffer writing code. +that does not require us to lock the item to access. This formatting and +rewriting can all be done while the object is locked during transaction commit, +resulting in a vector that is transactionally consistent and can be accessed +without needing to lock the owning item. + +Hence we avoid the need to lock items when we need to flush outstanding +asynchronous transactions to the log. The differences between the existing +formatting method and the delayed logging formatting can be seen in the +diagram below. + +Current format log vector: + +Object +---------------------------------------------+ +Vector 1 +----+ +Vector 2 +----+ +Vector 3 +----------+ + +After formatting: + +Log Buffer +-V1-+-V2-+----V3----+ + +Delayed logging vector: + +Object +---------------------------------------------+ +Vector 1 +----+ +Vector 2 +----+ +Vector 3 +----------+ + +After formatting: + +Memory Buffer +-V1-+-V2-+----V3----+ +Vector 1 +----+ +Vector 2 +----+ +Vector 3 +----------+ + +The memory buffer and associated vector need to be passed as a single object, +but still need to be associated with the parent object so if the object is +relogged we can replace the current memory buffer with a new memory buffer that +contains the latest changes. + +The reason for keeping the vector around after we've formatted the memory +buffer is to support splitting vectors across log buffer boundaries correctly. +If we don't keep the vector around, we do not know where the region boundaries +are in the item, so we'd need a new encapsulation method for regions in the log +buffer writing (i.e. double encapsulation). This would be an on-disk format +change and as such is not desirable. It also means we'd have to write the log +region headers in the formatting stage, which is problematic as there is per +region state that needs to be placed into the headers during the log write. + +Hence we need to keep the vector, but by attaching the memory buffer to it and +rewriting the vector addresses to point at the memory buffer we end up with a +self-describing object that can be passed to the log buffer write code to be +handled in exactly the same manner as the existing log vectors are handled. +Hence we avoid needing a new on-disk format to handle items that have been +relogged in memory. + + +Tracking Changes + +Now that we can record transactional changes in memory in a form that allows +them to be used without limitations, we need to be able to track and accumulate +them so that they can be written to the log at some later point in time. The +log item is the natural place to store this vector and buffer, and also makes sense +to be the object that is used to track committed objects as it will always +exist once the object has been included in a transaction. + +The log item is already used to track the log items that have been written to +the log but not yet written to disk. Such log items are considered "active" +and as such are stored in the Active Item List (AIL) which is a LSN-ordered +double linked list. Items are inserted into this list during log buffer IO +completion, after which they are unpinned and can be written to disk. An object +that is in the AIL can be relogged, which causes the object to be pinned again +and then moved forward in the AIL when the log buffer IO completes for that +transaction. + +Essentially, this shows that an item that is in the AIL can still be modified +and relogged, so any tracking must be separate to the AIL infrastructure. As +such, we cannot reuse the AIL list pointers for tracking committed items, nor +can we store state in any field that is protected by the AIL lock. Hence the +committed item tracking needs it's own locks, lists and state fields in the log +item. + +Similar to the AIL, tracking of committed items is done through a new list +called the Committed Item List (CIL). The list tracks log items that have been +committed and have formatted memory buffers attached to them. It tracks objects +in transaction commit order, so when an object is relogged it is removed from +it's place in the list and re-inserted at the tail. This is entirely arbitrary +and done to make it easy for debugging - the last items in the list are the +ones that are most recently modified. Ordering of the CIL is not necessary for +transactional integrity (as discussed in the next section) so the ordering is +done for convenience/sanity of the developers. + + +Delayed Logging: Checkpoints + +When we have a log synchronisation event, commonly known as a "log force", +all the items in the CIL must be written into the log via the log buffers. +We need to write these items in the order that they exist in the CIL, and they +need to be written as an atomic transaction. The need for all the objects to be +written as an atomic transaction comes from the requirements of relogging and +log replay - all the changes in all the objects in a given transaction must +either be completely replayed during log recovery, or not replayed at all. If +a transaction is not replayed because it is not complete in the log, then +no later transactions should be replayed, either. + +To fulfill this requirement, we need to write the entire CIL in a single log +transaction. Fortunately, the XFS log code has no fixed limit on the size of a +transaction, nor does the log replay code. The only fundamental limit is that +the transaction cannot be larger than just under half the size of the log. The +reason for this limit is that to find the head and tail of the log, there must +be at least one complete transaction in the log at any given time. If a +transaction is larger than half the log, then there is the possibility that a +crash during the write of a such a transaction could partially overwrite the +only complete previous transaction in the log. This will result in a recovery +failure and an inconsistent filesystem and hence we must enforce the maximum +size of a checkpoint to be slightly less than a half the log. + +Apart from this size requirement, a checkpoint transaction looks no different +to any other transaction - it contains a transaction header, a series of +formatted log items and a commit record at the tail. From a recovery +perspective, the checkpoint transaction is also no different - just a lot +bigger with a lot more items in it. The worst case effect of this is that we +might need to tune the recovery transaction object hash size. + +Because the checkpoint is just another transaction and all the changes to log +items are stored as log vectors, we can use the existing log buffer writing +code to write the changes into the log. To do this efficiently, we need to +minimise the time we hold the CIL locked while writing the checkpoint +transaction. The current log write code enables us to do this easily with the +way it separates the writing of the transaction contents (the log vectors) from +the transaction commit record, but tracking this requires us to have a +per-checkpoint context that travels through the log write process through to +checkpoint completion. + +Hence a checkpoint has a context that tracks the state of the current +checkpoint from initiation to checkpoint completion. A new context is initiated +at the same time a checkpoint transaction is started. That is, when we remove +all the current items from the CIL during a checkpoint operation, we move all +those changes into the current checkpoint context. We then initialise a new +context and attach that to the CIL for aggregation of new transactions. + +This allows us to unlock the CIL immediately after transfer of all the +committed items and effectively allow new transactions to be issued while we +are formatting the checkpoint into the log. It also allows concurrent +checkpoints to be written into the log buffers in the case of log force heavy +workloads, just like the existing transaction commit code does. This, however, +requires that we strictly order the commit records in the log so that +checkpoint sequence order is maintained during log replay. + +To ensure that we can be writing an item into a checkpoint transaction at +the same time another transaction modifies the item and inserts the log item +into the new CIL, then checkpoint transaction commit code cannot use log items +to store the list of log vectors that need to be written into the transaction. +Hence log vectors need to be able to be chained together to allow them to be +detatched from the log items. That is, when the CIL is flushed the memory +buffer and log vector attached to each log item needs to be attached to the +checkpoint context so that the log item can be released. In diagrammatic form, +the CIL would look like this before the flush: + + CIL Head + | + V + Log Item <-> log vector 1 -> memory buffer + | -> vector array + V + Log Item <-> log vector 2 -> memory buffer + | -> vector array + V + ...... + | + V + Log Item <-> log vector N-1 -> memory buffer + | -> vector array + V + Log Item <-> log vector N -> memory buffer + -> vector array + +And after the flush the CIL head is empty, and the checkpoint context log +vector list would look like: + + Checkpoint Context + | + V + log vector 1 -> memory buffer + | -> vector array + | -> Log Item + V + log vector 2 -> memory buffer + | -> vector array + | -> Log Item + V + ...... + | + V + log vector N-1 -> memory buffer + | -> vector array + | -> Log Item + V + log vector N -> memory buffer + -> vector array + -> Log Item + +Once this transfer is done, the CIL can be unlocked and new transactions can +start, while the checkpoint flush code works over the log vector chain to +commit the checkpoint. + +Once the checkpoint is written into the log buffers, the checkpoint context is +attached to the log buffer that the commit record was written to along with a +completion callback. Log IO completion will call that callback, which can then +run transaction committed processing for the log items (i.e. insert into AIL +and unpin) in the log vector chain and then free the log vector chain and +checkpoint context. + +Discussion Point: I am uncertain as to whether the log item is the most +efficient way to track vectors, even though it seems like the natural way to do +it. The fact that we walk the log items (in the CIL) just to chain the log +vectors and break the link between the log item and the log vector means that +we take a cache line hit for the log item list modification, then another for +the log vector chaining. If we track by the log vectors, then we only need to +break the link between the log item and the log vector, which means we should +dirty only the log item cachelines. Normally I wouldn't be concerned about one +vs two dirty cachelines except for the fact I've seen upwards of 80,000 log +vectors in one checkpoint transaction. I'd guess this is a "measure and +compare" situation that can be done after a working and reviewed implementation +is in the dev tree.... + +Delayed Logging: Checkpoint Sequencing + +One of the key aspects of the XFS transaction subsystem is that it tags +committed transactions with the log sequence number of the transaction commit. +This allows transactions to be issued asynchronously even though there may be +future operations that cannot be completed until that transaction is fully +committed to the log. In the rare case that a dependent operation occurs (e.g. +re-using a freed metadata extent for a data extent), a special, optimised log +force can be issued to force the dependent transaction to disk immediately. + +To do this, transactions need to record the LSN of the commit record of the +transaction. This LSN comes directly from the log buffer the transaction is +written into. While this works just fine for the existing transaction +mechanism, it does not work for delayed logging because transactions are not +written directly into the log buffers. Hence some other method of sequencing +transactions is required. + +As discussed in the checkpoint section, delayed logging uses per-checkpoint +contexts, and as such it is simple to assign a sequence number to each +checkpoint. Because the switching of checkpoint contexts must be done +atomically, it is simple to ensure that each new context has a monotonically +increasing sequence number assigned to it without the need for an external +atomic counter - we can just take the current context sequence number and add +one to it for the new context. + +Then, instead of assigning a log buffer LSN to the transaction commit LSN +during the commit, we can assign the current checkpoint sequence. This allows +operations that track transactions that have not yet completed know what +checkpoint sequence needs to be committed before they can continue. As a +result, the code that forces the log to a specific LSN now needs to ensure that +the log forces to a specific checkpoint. + +To ensure that we can do this, we need to track all the checkpoint contexts +that are currently committing to the log. When we flush a checkpoint, the +context gets added to a "committing" list which can be searched. When a +checkpoint commit completes, it is removed from the committing list. Because +the checkpoint context records the LSN of the commit record for the checkpoint, +we can also wait on the log buffer that contains the commit record, thereby +using the existing log force mechanisms to execute synchronous forces. + +It should be noted that the synchronous forces may need to be extended with +mitigation algorithms similar to the current log buffer code to allow +aggregation of multiple synchronous transactions if there are already +synchronous transactions being flushed. Investigation of the performance of the +current design is needed before making any decisions here. + +The main concern with log forces is to ensure that all the previous checkpoints +are also committed to disk before the one we need to wait for. Therefore we +need to check that all the prior contexts in the committing list are also +complete before waiting on the one we need to complete. We do this +synchronisation in the log force code so that we don't need to wait anywhere +else for such serialisation - it only matters when we do a log force. + +The only remaining complexity is that a log force now also has to handle the +case where the forcing sequence number is the same as the current context. That +is, we need to flush the CIL and potentially wait for it to complete. This is a +simple addition to the existing log forcing code to check the sequence numbers +and push if required. Indeed, placing the current sequence checkpoint flush in +the log force code enables the current mechanism for issuing synchronous +transactions to remain untouched (i.e. commit an asynchronous transaction, then +force the log at the LSN of that transaction) and so the higher level code +behaves the same regardless of whether delayed logging is being used or not. + +Delayed Logging: Checkpoint Log Space Accounting + +The big issue for a checkpoint transaction is the log space reservation for the +transaction. We don't know how big a checkpoint transaction is going to be +ahead of time, nor how many log buffers it will take to write out, nor the +number of split log vector regions are going to be used. We can track the +amount of log space required as we add items to the commit item list, but we +still need to reserve the space in the log for the checkpoint. + +A typical transaction reserves enough space in the log for the worst case space +usage of the transaction. The reservation accounts for log record headers, +transaction and region headers, headers for split regions, buffer tail padding, +etc. as well as the actual space for all the changed metadata in the +transaction. While some of this is fixed overhead, much of it is dependent on +the size of the transaction and the number of regions being logged (the number +of log vectors in the transaction). + +An example of the differences would be logging directory changes versus logging +inode changes. If you modify lots of inode cores (e.g. chmod -R g+w *), then +there are lots of transactions that only contain an inode core and an inode log +format structure. That is, two vectors totaling roughly 150 bytes. If we modify +10,000 inodes, we have about 1.5MB of metadata to write in 20,000 vectors. Each +vector is 12 bytes, so the total to be logged is approximately 1.75MB. In +comparison, if we are logging full directory buffers, they are typically 4KB +each, so we in 1.5MB of directory buffers we'd have roughly 400 buffers and a +buffer format structure for each buffer - roughly 800 vectors or 1.51MB total +space. From this, it should be obvious that a static log space reservation is +not particularly flexible and is difficult to select the "optimal value" for +all workloads. + +Further, if we are going to use a static reservation, which bit of the entire +reservation does it cover? We account for space used by the transaction +reservation by tracking the space currently used by the object in the CIL and +then calculating the increase or decrease in space used as the object is +relogged. This allows for a checkpoint reservation to only have to account for +log buffer metadata used such as log header records. + +However, even using a static reservation for just the log metadata is +problematic. Typically log record headers use at least 16KB of log space per +1MB of log space consumed (512 bytes per 32k) and the reservation needs to be +large enough to handle arbitrary sized checkpoint transactions. This +reservation needs to be made before the checkpoint is started, and we need to +be able to reserve the space without sleeping. For a 8MB checkpoint, we need a +reservation of around 150KB, which is a non-trivial amount of space. + +A static reservation needs to manipulate the log grant counters - we can take a +permanent reservation on the space, but we still need to make sure we refresh +the write reservation (the actual space available to the transaction) after +every checkpoint transaction completion. Unfortunately, if this space is not +available when required, then the regrant code will sleep waiting for it. + +The problem with this is that it can lead to deadlocks as we may need to commit +checkpoints to be able to free up log space (refer back to the description of +rolling transactions for an example of this). Hence we *must* always have +space available in the log if we are to use static reservations, and that is +very difficult and complex to arrange. It is possible to do, but there is a +simpler way. + +The simpler way of doing this is tracking the entire log space used by the +items in the CIL and using this to dynamically calculate the amount of log +space required by the log metadata. If this log metadata space changes as a +result of a transaction commit inserting a new memory buffer into the CIL, then +the difference in space required is removed from the transaction that causes +the change. Transactions at this level will *always* have enough space +available in their reservation for this as they have already reserved the +maximal amount of log metadata space they require, and such a delta reservation +will always be less than or equal to the maximal amount in the reservation. + +Hence we can grow the checkpoint transaction reservation dynamically as items +are added to the CIL and avoid the need for reserving and regranting log space +up front. This avoids deadlocks and removes a blocking point from the +checkpoint flush code. + +As mentioned early, transactions can't grow to more than half the size of the +log. Hence as part of the reservation growing, we need to also check the size +of the reservation against the maximum allowed transaction size. If we reach +the maximum threshold, we need to push the CIL to the log. This is effectively +a "background flush" and is done on demand. This is identical to +a CIL push triggered by a log force, only that there is no waiting for the +checkpoint commit to complete. This background push is checked and executed by +transaction commit code. + +If the transaction subsystem goes idle while we still have items in the CIL, +they will be flushed by the periodic log force issued by the xfssyncd. This log +force will push the CIL to disk, and if the transaction subsystem stays idle, +allow the idle log to be covered (effectively marked clean) in exactly the same +manner that is done for the existing logging method. A discussion point is +whether this log force needs to be done more frequently than the current rate +which is once every 30s. + + +Delayed Logging: Log Item Pinning + +Currently log items are pinned during transaction commit while the items are +still locked. This happens just after the items are formatted, though it could +be done any time before the items are unlocked. The result of this mechanism is +that items get pinned once for every transaction that is committed to the log +buffers. Hence items that are relogged in the log buffers will have a pin count +for every outstanding transaction they were dirtied in. When each of these +transactions is completed, they will unpin the item once. As a result, the item +only becomes unpinned when all the transactions complete and there are no +pending transactions. Thus the pinning and unpinning of a log item is symmetric +as there is a 1:1 relationship with transaction commit and log item completion. + +For delayed logging, however, we have an assymetric transaction commit to +completion relationship. Every time an object is relogged in the CIL it goes +through the commit process without a corresponding completion being registered. +That is, we now have a many-to-one relationship between transaction commit and +log item completion. The result of this is that pinning and unpinning of the +log items becomes unbalanced if we retain the "pin on transaction commit, unpin +on transaction completion" model. + +To keep pin/unpin symmetry, the algorithm needs to change to a "pin on +insertion into the CIL, unpin on checkpoint completion". In other words, the +pinning and unpinning becomes symmetric around a checkpoint context. We have to +pin the object the first time it is inserted into the CIL - if it is already in +the CIL during a transaction commit, then we do not pin it again. Because there +can be multiple outstanding checkpoint contexts, we can still see elevated pin +counts, but as each checkpoint completes the pin count will retain the correct +value according to it's context. + +Just to make matters more slightly more complex, this checkpoint level context +for the pin count means that the pinning of an item must take place under the +CIL commit/flush lock. If we pin the object outside this lock, we cannot +guarantee which context the pin count is associated with. This is because of +the fact pinning the item is dependent on whether the item is present in the +current CIL or not. If we don't pin the CIL first before we check and pin the +object, we have a race with CIL being flushed between the check and the pin +(or not pinning, as the case may be). Hence we must hold the CIL flush/commit +lock to guarantee that we pin the items correctly. + +Delayed Logging: Concurrent Scalability + +A fundamental requirement for the CIL is that accesses through transaction +commits must scale to many concurrent commits. The current transaction commit +code does not break down even when there are transactions coming from 2048 +processors at once. The current transaction code does not go any faster than if +there was only one CPU using it, but it does not slow down either. + +As a result, the delayed logging transaction commit code needs to be designed +for concurrency from the ground up. It is obvious that there are serialisation +points in the design - the three important ones are: + + 1. Locking out new transaction commits while flushing the CIL + 2. Adding items to the CIL and updating item space accounting + 3. Checkpoint commit ordering + +Looking at the transaction commit and CIL flushing interactions, it is clear +that we have a many-to-one interaction here. That is, the only restriction on +the number of concurrent transactions that can be trying to commit at once is +the amount of space available in the log for their reservations. The practical +limit here is in the order of several hundred concurrent transactions for a +128MB log, which means that it is generally one per CPU in a machine. + +The amount of time a transaction commit needs to hold out a flush is a +relatively long period of time - the pinning of log items needs to be done +while we are holding out a CIL flush, so at the moment that means it is held +across the formatting of the objects into memory buffers (i.e. while memcpy()s +are in progress). Ultimately a two pass algorithm where the formatting is done +separately to the pinning of objects could be used to reduce the hold time of +the transaction commit side. + +Because of the number of potential transaction commit side holders, the lock +really needs to be a sleeping lock - if the CIL flush takes the lock, we do not +want every other CPU in the machine spinning on the CIL lock. Given that +flushing the CIL could involve walking a list of tens of thousands of log +items, it will get held for a significant time and so spin contention is a +significant concern. Preventing lots of CPUs spinning doing nothing is the +main reason for choosing a sleeping lock even though nothing in either the +transaction commit or CIL flush side sleeps with the lock held. + +It should also be noted that CIL flushing is also a relatively rare operation +compared to transaction commit for asynchronous transaction workloads - only +time will tell if using a read-write semaphore for exclusion will limit +transaction commit concurrency due to cache line bouncing of the lock on the +read side. + +The second serialisation point is on the transaction commit side where items +are inserted into the CIL. Because transactions can enter this code +concurrently, the CIL needs to be protected separately from the above +commit/flush exclusion. It also needs to be an exclusive lock but it is only +held for a very short time and so a spin lock is appropriate here. It is +possible that this lock will become a contention point, but given the short +hold time once per transaction I think that contention is unlikely. + +The final serialisation point is the checkpoint commit record ordering code +that is run as part of the checkpoint commit and log force sequencing. The code +path that triggers a CIL flush (i.e. whatever triggers the log force) will enter +an ordering loop after writing all the log vectors into the log buffers but +before writing the commit record. This loop walks the list of committing +checkpoints and needs to block waiting for checkpoints to complete their commit +record write. As a result it needs a lock and a wait variable. Log force +sequencing also requires the same lock, list walk, and blocking mechanism to +ensure completion of checkpoints. + +These two sequencing operations can use the mechanism even though the +events they are waiting for are different. The checkpoint commit record +sequencing needs to wait until checkpoint contexts contain a commit LSN +(obtained through completion of a commit record write) while log force +sequencing needs to wait until previous checkpoint contexts are removed from +the committing list (i.e. they've completed). A simple wait variable and +broadcast wakeups (thundering herds) has been used to implement these two +serialisation queues. They use the same lock as the CIL, too. If we see too +much contention on the CIL lock, or too many context switches as a result of +the broadcast wakeups these operations can be put under a new spinlock and +given separate wait lists to reduce lock contention and the number of processes +woken by the wrong event. + + +Lifecycle Changes + +The existing log item life cycle is as follows: + + 1. Transaction allocate + 2. Transaction reserve + 3. Lock item + 4. Join item to transaction + If not already attached, + Allocate log item + Attach log item to owner item + Attach log item to transaction + 5. Modify item + Record modifications in log item + 6. Transaction commit + Pin item in memory + Format item into log buffer + Write commit LSN into transaction + Unlock item + Attach transaction to log buffer + + <log buffer IO dispatched> + <log buffer IO completes> + + 7. Transaction completion + Mark log item committed + Insert log item into AIL + Write commit LSN into log item + Unpin log item + 8. AIL traversal + Lock item + Mark log item clean + Flush item to disk + + <item IO completion> + + 9. Log item removed from AIL + Moves log tail + Item unlocked + +Essentially, steps 1-6 operate independently from step 7, which is also +independent of steps 8-9. An item can be locked in steps 1-6 or steps 8-9 +at the same time step 7 is occurring, but only steps 1-6 or 8-9 can occur +at the same time. If the log item is in the AIL or between steps 6 and 7 +and steps 1-6 are re-entered, then the item is relogged. Only when steps 8-9 +are entered and completed is the object considered clean. + +With delayed logging, there are new steps inserted into the life cycle: + + 1. Transaction allocate + 2. Transaction reserve + 3. Lock item + 4. Join item to transaction + If not already attached, + Allocate log item + Attach log item to owner item + Attach log item to transaction + 5. Modify item + Record modifications in log item + 6. Transaction commit + Pin item in memory if not pinned in CIL + Format item into log vector + buffer + Attach log vector and buffer to log item + Insert log item into CIL + Write CIL context sequence into transaction + Unlock item + + <next log force> + + 7. CIL push + lock CIL flush + Chain log vectors and buffers together + Remove items from CIL + unlock CIL flush + write log vectors into log + sequence commit records + attach checkpoint context to log buffer + + <log buffer IO dispatched> + <log buffer IO completes> + + 8. Checkpoint completion + Mark log item committed + Insert item into AIL + Write commit LSN into log item + Unpin log item + 9. AIL traversal + Lock item + Mark log item clean + Flush item to disk + <item IO completion> + 10. Log item removed from AIL + Moves log tail + Item unlocked + +From this, it can be seen that the only life cycle differences between the two +logging methods are in the middle of the life cycle - they still have the same +beginning and end and execution constraints. The only differences are in the +commiting of the log items to the log itself and the completion processing. +Hence delayed logging should not introduce any constraints on log item +behaviour, allocation or freeing that don't already exist. + +As a result of this zero-impact "insertion" of delayed logging infrastructure +and the design of the internal structures to avoid on disk format changes, we +can basically switch between delayed logging and the existing mechanism with a +mount option. Fundamentally, there is no reason why the log manager would not +be able to swap methods automatically and transparently depending on load +characteristics, but this should not be necessary if delayed logging works as +designed. + +Roadmap: + +2.6.37 Remove experimental tag from mount option + => should be roughly 6 months after initial merge + => enough time to: + => gain confidence and fix problems reported by early + adopters (a.k.a. guinea pigs) + => address worst performance regressions and undesired + behaviours + => start tuning/optimising code for parallelism + => start tuning/optimising algorithms consuming + excessive CPU time + +2.6.39 Switch default mount option to use delayed logging + => should be roughly 12 months after initial merge + => enough time to shake out remaining problems before next round of + enterprise distro kernel rebases diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/xfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/xfs.txt index 9878f50..7bff3e4 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/xfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/xfs.txt @@ -131,17 +131,6 @@ When mounting an XFS filesystem, the following options are accepted. Don't check for double mounted file systems using the file system uuid. This is useful to mount LVM snapshot volumes. - osyncisosync - Make O_SYNC writes implement true O_SYNC. WITHOUT this option, - Linux XFS behaves as if an "osyncisdsync" option is used, - which will make writes to files opened with the O_SYNC flag set - behave as if the O_DSYNC flag had been used instead. - This can result in better performance without compromising - data safety. - However if this option is not in effect, timestamp updates from - O_SYNC writes can be lost if the system crashes. - If timestamp updates are critical, use the osyncisosync option. - uquota/usrquota/uqnoenforce/quota User disk quota accounting enabled, and limits (optionally) enforced. Refer to xfs_quota(8) for further details. diff --git a/Documentation/firmware_class/hotplug-script b/Documentation/firmware_class/hotplug-script index 1990130..8143a95 100644 --- a/Documentation/firmware_class/hotplug-script +++ b/Documentation/firmware_class/hotplug-script @@ -6,11 +6,12 @@ HOTPLUG_FW_DIR=/usr/lib/hotplug/firmware/ -echo 1 > /sys/$DEVPATH/loading -cat $HOTPLUG_FW_DIR/$FIRMWARE > /sys/$DEVPATH/data -echo 0 > /sys/$DEVPATH/loading - -# To cancel the load in case of error: -# -# echo -1 > /sys/$DEVPATH/loading -# +if [ "$SUBSYSTEM" == "firmware" -a "$ACTION" == "add" ]; then + if [ -f $HOTPLUG_FW_DIR/$FIRMWARE ]; then + echo 1 > /sys/$DEVPATH/loading + cat $HOTPLUG_FW_DIR/$FIRMWARE > /sys/$DEVPATH/data + echo 0 > /sys/$DEVPATH/loading + else + echo -1 > /sys/$DEVPATH/loading + fi +fi diff --git a/Documentation/gpio.txt b/Documentation/gpio.txt index c2c6e9b..d96a6db 100644 --- a/Documentation/gpio.txt +++ b/Documentation/gpio.txt @@ -158,10 +158,11 @@ and configure pullups/pulldowns appropriately.) Spinlock-Safe GPIO access ------------------------- Most GPIO controllers can be accessed with memory read/write instructions. -That doesn't need to sleep, and can safely be done from inside IRQ handlers. -(That includes hardirq contexts on RT kernels.) +Those don't need to sleep, and can safely be done from inside hard +(nonthreaded) IRQ handlers and similar contexts. -Use these calls to access such GPIOs: +Use the following calls to access such GPIOs, +for which gpio_cansleep() will always return false (see below): /* GPIO INPUT: return zero or nonzero */ int gpio_get_value(unsigned gpio); @@ -210,9 +211,31 @@ To access such GPIOs, a different set of accessors is defined: /* GPIO OUTPUT, might sleep */ void gpio_set_value_cansleep(unsigned gpio, int value); -Other than the fact that these calls might sleep, and will not be ignored -for GPIOs that can't be accessed from IRQ handlers, these calls act the -same as the spinlock-safe calls. + +Accessing such GPIOs requires a context which may sleep, for example +a threaded IRQ handler, and those accessors must be used instead of +spinlock-safe accessors without the cansleep() name suffix. + +Other than the fact that these accessors might sleep, and will work +on GPIOs that can't be accessed from hardIRQ handlers, these calls act +the same as the spinlock-safe calls. + + ** IN ADDITION ** calls to setup and configure such GPIOs must be made +from contexts which may sleep, since they may need to access the GPIO +controller chip too: (These setup calls are usually made from board +setup or driver probe/teardown code, so this is an easy constraint.) + + gpio_direction_input() + gpio_direction_output() + gpio_request() + +## gpio_request_one() +## gpio_request_array() +## gpio_free_array() + + gpio_free() + gpio_set_debounce() + Claiming and Releasing GPIOs diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/adm1026 b/Documentation/hwmon/adm1026 index f4327db..d8fabe0 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/adm1026 +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/adm1026 @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Supported chips: Prefix: 'adm1026' Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e Datasheet: Publicly available at the Analog Devices website - http://www.analog.com/en/prod/0,,766_825_ADM1026,00.html + http://www.onsemi.com/PowerSolutions/product.do?id=ADM1026 Authors: Philip Pokorny <ppokorny@penguincomputing.com> for Penguin Computing diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/coretemp b/Documentation/hwmon/coretemp index 92267b6..25568f8 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/coretemp +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/coretemp @@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ Temperature is measured in degrees Celsius and measurement resolution is 1 degree C. Valid temperatures are from 0 to TjMax degrees C, because the actual value of temperature register is in fact a delta from TjMax. -Temperature known as TjMax is the maximum junction temperature of processor. -Intel defines this temperature as 85C or 100C. At this temperature, protection +Temperature known as TjMax is the maximum junction temperature of processor, +which depends on the CPU model. See table below. At this temperature, protection mechanism will perform actions to forcibly cool down the processor. Alarm may be raised, if the temperature grows enough (more than TjMax) to trigger the Out-Of-Spec bit. Following table summarizes the exported sysfs files: @@ -38,3 +38,104 @@ temp1_label - Contains string "Core X", where X is processor The TjMax temperature is set to 85 degrees C if undocumented model specific register (UMSR) 0xee has bit 30 set. If not the TjMax is 100 degrees C as (sometimes) documented in processor datasheet. + +Appendix A. Known TjMax lists (TBD): +Some information comes from ark.intel.com + +Process Processor TjMax(C) + +32nm Core i3/i5/i7 Processors + i7 660UM/640/620, 640LM/620, 620M, 610E 105 + i5 540UM/520/430, 540M/520/450/430 105 + i3 330E, 370M/350/330 90 rPGA, 105 BGA + i3 330UM 105 + +32nm Core i7 Extreme Processors + 980X 100 + +32nm Celeron Processors + U3400 105 + P4505/P4500 90 + +45nm Xeon Processors 5400 Quad-Core + X5492, X5482, X5472, X5470, X5460, X5450 85 + E5472, E5462, E5450/40/30/20/10/05 85 + L5408 95 + L5430, L5420, L5410 70 + +45nm Xeon Processors 5200 Dual-Core + X5282, X5272, X5270, X5260 90 + E5240 90 + E5205, E5220 70, 90 + L5240 70 + L5238, L5215 95 + +45nm Atom Processors + D525/510/425/410 100 + Z560/550/540/530P/530/520PT/520/515/510PT/510P 90 + Z510/500 90 + N475/470/455/450 100 + N280/270 90 + 330/230 125 + +45nm Core2 Processors + Solo ULV SU3500/3300 100 + T9900/9800/9600/9550/9500/9400/9300/8300/8100 105 + T6670/6500/6400 105 + T6600 90 + SU9600/9400/9300 105 + SP9600/9400 105 + SL9600/9400/9380/9300 105 + P9700/9600/9500/8800/8700/8600/8400/7570 105 + P7550/7450 90 + +45nm Core2 Quad Processors + Q9100/9000 100 + +45nm Core2 Extreme Processors + X9100/9000 105 + QX9300 100 + +45nm Core i3/i5/i7 Processors + i7 940XM/920 100 + i7 840QM/820/740/720 100 + +45nm Celeron Processors + SU2300 100 + 900 105 + +65nm Core2 Duo Processors + Solo U2200, U2100 100 + U7700/7600/7500 100 + T7800/7700/7600/7500/7400/7300/7250/7200/7100 100 + T5870/5670/5600/5550/5500/5470/5450/5300/5270 100 + T5250 100 + T5800/5750/5200 85 + L7700/7500/7400/7300/7200 100 + +65nm Core2 Extreme Processors + X7900/7800 100 + +65nm Core Duo Processors + U2500/2400 100 + T2700/2600/2450/2400/2350/2300E/2300/2250/2050 100 + L2500/2400/2300 100 + +65nm Core Solo Processors + U1500/1400/1300 100 + T1400/1350/1300/1250 100 + +65nm Xeon Processors 5000 Quad-Core + X5000 90-95 + E5000 80 + L5000 70 + L5318 95 + +65nm Xeon Processors 5000 Dual-Core + 5080, 5063, 5060, 5050, 5030 80-90 + 5160, 5150, 5148, 5140, 5130, 5120, 5110 80 + L5138 100 + +65nm Celeron Processors + T1700/1600 100 + 560/550/540/530 100 diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/dme1737 b/Documentation/hwmon/dme1737 index 001d2e7..fc5df76 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/dme1737 +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/dme1737 @@ -9,11 +9,15 @@ Supported chips: * SMSC SCH3112, SCH3114, SCH3116 Prefix: 'sch311x' Addresses scanned: none, address read from Super-I/O config space - Datasheet: http://www.nuhorizons.com/FeaturedProducts/Volume1/SMSC/311x.pdf + Datasheet: Available on the Internet * SMSC SCH5027 Prefix: 'sch5027' Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e Datasheet: Provided by SMSC upon request and under NDA + * SMSC SCH5127 + Prefix: 'sch5127' + Addresses scanned: none, address read from Super-I/O config space + Datasheet: Provided by SMSC upon request and under NDA Authors: Juerg Haefliger <juergh@gmail.com> @@ -36,8 +40,8 @@ Description ----------- This driver implements support for the hardware monitoring capabilities of the -SMSC DME1737 and Asus A8000 (which are the same), SMSC SCH5027, and SMSC -SCH311x Super-I/O chips. These chips feature monitoring of 3 temp sensors +SMSC DME1737 and Asus A8000 (which are the same), SMSC SCH5027, SCH311x, +and SCH5127 Super-I/O chips. These chips feature monitoring of 3 temp sensors temp[1-3] (2 remote diodes and 1 internal), 7 voltages in[0-6] (6 external and 1 internal) and up to 6 fan speeds fan[1-6]. Additionally, the chips implement up to 5 PWM outputs pwm[1-3,5-6] for controlling fan speeds both manually and @@ -48,14 +52,14 @@ Fan[3-6] and pwm[3,5-6] are optional features and their availability depends on the configuration of the chip. The driver will detect which features are present during initialization and create the sysfs attributes accordingly. -For the SCH311x, fan[1-3] and pwm[1-3] are always present and fan[4-6] and -pwm[5-6] don't exist. +For the SCH311x and SCH5127, fan[1-3] and pwm[1-3] are always present and +fan[4-6] and pwm[5-6] don't exist. The hardware monitoring features of the DME1737, A8000, and SCH5027 are only -accessible via SMBus, while the SCH311x only provides access via the ISA bus. -The driver will therefore register itself as an I2C client driver if it detects -a DME1737, A8000, or SCH5027 and as a platform driver if it detects a SCH311x -chip. +accessible via SMBus, while the SCH311x and SCH5127 only provide access via +the ISA bus. The driver will therefore register itself as an I2C client driver +if it detects a DME1737, A8000, or SCH5027 and as a platform driver if it +detects a SCH311x or SCH5127 chip. Voltage Monitoring @@ -76,7 +80,7 @@ DME1737, A8000: in6: Vbat (+3.0V) 0V - 4.38V SCH311x: - in0: +2.5V 0V - 6.64V + in0: +2.5V 0V - 3.32V in1: Vccp (processor core) 0V - 2V in2: VCC (internal +3.3V) 0V - 4.38V in3: +5V 0V - 6.64V @@ -93,6 +97,15 @@ SCH5027: in5: VTR (+3.3V standby) 0V - 4.38V in6: Vbat (+3.0V) 0V - 4.38V +SCH5127: + in0: +2.5 0V - 3.32V + in1: Vccp (processor core) 0V - 3V + in2: VCC (internal +3.3V) 0V - 4.38V + in3: V2_IN 0V - 1.5V + in4: V1_IN 0V - 1.5V + in5: VTR (+3.3V standby) 0V - 4.38V + in6: Vbat (+3.0V) 0V - 4.38V + Each voltage input has associated min and max limits which trigger an alarm when crossed. @@ -293,3 +306,21 @@ pwm[1-3]_auto_point1_pwm RW Auto PWM pwm point. Auto_point1 is the pwm[1-3]_auto_point2_pwm RO Auto PWM pwm point. Auto_point2 is the full-speed duty-cycle which is hard- wired to 255 (100% duty-cycle). + +Chip Differences +---------------- + +Feature dme1737 sch311x sch5027 sch5127 +------------------------------------------------------- +temp[1-3]_offset yes yes +vid yes +zone3 yes yes yes +zone[1-3]_hyst yes yes +pwm min/off yes yes +fan3 opt yes opt yes +pwm3 opt yes opt yes +fan4 opt opt +fan5 opt opt +pwm5 opt opt +fan6 opt opt +pwm6 opt opt diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/f71882fg b/Documentation/hwmon/f71882fg index a7952c2..1a07fd6 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/f71882fg +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/f71882fg @@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ Kernel driver f71882fg ====================== Supported chips: + * Fintek F71808E + Prefix: 'f71808fg' + Addresses scanned: none, address read from Super I/O config space + Datasheet: Not public * Fintek F71858FG Prefix: 'f71858fg' Addresses scanned: none, address read from Super I/O config space diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/g760a b/Documentation/hwmon/g760a index e032eeb..cfc8945 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/g760a +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/g760a @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Supported chips: * Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. G760A Prefix: 'g760a' Datasheet: Publicly available at the GMT website - http://www.gmt.com.tw/datasheet/g760a.pdf + http://www.gmt.com.tw/product/datasheet/EDS-760A.pdf Author: Herbert Valerio Riedel <hvr@gnu.org> diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/gl518sm b/Documentation/hwmon/gl518sm index 229f8b7..26f9f3c 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/gl518sm +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/gl518sm @@ -5,11 +5,10 @@ Supported chips: * Genesys Logic GL518SM release 0x00 Prefix: 'gl518sm' Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c and 0x2d - Datasheet: http://www.genesyslogic.com/pdf * Genesys Logic GL518SM release 0x80 Prefix: 'gl518sm' Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c and 0x2d - Datasheet: http://www.genesyslogic.com/pdf + Datasheet: http://www.genesyslogic.com/ Authors: Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>, diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/hpfall.c b/Documentation/hwmon/hpfall.c index 681ec22..a4a8fc5 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/hpfall.c +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/hpfall.c @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ /* Disk protection for HP machines. * * Copyright 2008 Eric Piel - * Copyright 2009 Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz> + * Copyright 2009 Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> * * GPLv2. */ diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/jc42 b/Documentation/hwmon/jc42 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e76ef1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/jc42 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +Kernel driver jc42 +================== + +Supported chips: + * Analog Devices ADT7408 + Prefix: 'adt7408' + Addresses scanned: I2C 0x18 - 0x1f + Datasheets: + http://www.analog.com/static/imported-files/data_sheets/ADT7408.pdf + * IDT TSE2002B3, TS3000B3 + Prefix: 'tse2002b3', 'ts3000b3' + Addresses scanned: I2C 0x18 - 0x1f + Datasheets: + http://www.idt.com/products/getdoc.cfm?docid=18715691 + http://www.idt.com/products/getdoc.cfm?docid=18715692 + * Maxim MAX6604 + Prefix: 'max6604' + Addresses scanned: I2C 0x18 - 0x1f + Datasheets: + http://datasheets.maxim-ic.com/en/ds/MAX6604.pdf + * Microchip MCP9805, MCP98242, MCP98243, MCP9843 + Prefixes: 'mcp9805', 'mcp98242', 'mcp98243', 'mcp9843' + Addresses scanned: I2C 0x18 - 0x1f + Datasheets: + http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/21977b.pdf + http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/21996a.pdf + http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/22153c.pdf + * NXP Semiconductors SE97, SE97B + Prefix: 'se97' + Addresses scanned: I2C 0x18 - 0x1f + Datasheets: + http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/SE97.pdf + http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/SE97B.pdf + * NXP Semiconductors SE98 + Prefix: 'se98' + Addresses scanned: I2C 0x18 - 0x1f + Datasheets: + http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/SE98.pdf + * ON Semiconductor CAT34TS02, CAT6095 + Prefix: 'cat34ts02', 'cat6095' + Addresses scanned: I2C 0x18 - 0x1f + Datasheet: + http://www.onsemi.com/pub_link/Collateral/CAT34TS02-D.PDF + http://www.onsemi.com/pub/Collateral/CAT6095-D.PDF + * ST Microelectronics STTS424, STTS424E02 + Prefix: 'stts424' + Addresses scanned: I2C 0x18 - 0x1f + Datasheets: + http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/13447/stts424.pdf + http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/13448/stts424e02.pdf + * JEDEC JC 42.4 compliant temperature sensor chips + Prefix: 'jc42' + Addresses scanned: I2C 0x18 - 0x1f + Datasheet: - + +Author: + Guenter Roeck <guenter.roeck@ericsson.com> + + +Description +----------- + +This driver implements support for JEDEC JC 42.4 compliant temperature sensors. +The driver auto-detects the chips listed above, but can be manually instantiated +to support other JC 42.4 compliant chips. + +Example: the following will load the driver for a generic JC 42.4 compliant +temperature sensor at address 0x18 on I2C bus #1: + +# modprobe jc42 +# echo jc42 0x18 > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-1/new_device + +A JC 42.4 compliant chip supports a single temperature sensor. Minimum, maximum, +and critical temperature can be configured. There are alarms for high, low, +and critical thresholds. + +There is also an hysteresis to control the thresholds for resetting alarms. +Per JC 42.4 specification, the hysteresis threshold can be configured to 0, 1.5, +3.0, and 6.0 degrees C. Configured hysteresis values will be rounded to those +limits. The chip supports only a single register to configure the hysteresis, +which applies to all limits. This register can be written by writing into +temp1_crit_hyst. Other hysteresis attributes are read-only. + +Sysfs entries +------------- + +temp1_input Temperature (RO) +temp1_min Minimum temperature (RW) +temp1_max Maximum temperature (RW) +temp1_crit Critical high temperature (RW) + +temp1_crit_hyst Critical hysteresis temperature (RW) +temp1_max_hyst Maximum hysteresis temperature (RO) + +temp1_min_alarm Temperature low alarm +temp1_max_alarm Temperature high alarm +temp1_crit_alarm Temperature critical alarm diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/k8temp b/Documentation/hwmon/k8temp index 0005c71..716dc24 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/k8temp +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/k8temp @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Supported chips: * AMD Athlon64/FX or Opteron CPUs Prefix: 'k8temp' Addresses scanned: PCI space - Datasheet: http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/white_papers_and_tech_docs/32559.pdf + Datasheet: http://support.amd.com/us/Processor_TechDocs/32559.pdf Author: Rudolf Marek Contact: Rudolf Marek <r.marek@assembler.cz> diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/lm63 b/Documentation/hwmon/lm63 index 31660bf..b9843ea 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/lm63 +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/lm63 @@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ Supported chips: Addresses scanned: I2C 0x4c Datasheet: Publicly available at the National Semiconductor website http://www.national.com/pf/LM/LM63.html + * National Semiconductor LM64 + Prefix: 'lm64' + Addresses scanned: I2C 0x18 and 0x4e + Datasheet: Publicly available at the National Semiconductor website + http://www.national.com/pf/LM/LM64.html Author: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org> @@ -55,3 +60,5 @@ The lm63 driver will not update its values more frequently than every second; reading them more often will do no harm, but will return 'old' values. +The LM64 is effectively an LM63 with GPIO lines. The driver does not +support these GPIO lines at present. diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/lm85 b/Documentation/hwmon/lm85 index a136808..b98e0e0 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/lm85 +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/lm85 @@ -9,15 +9,15 @@ Supported chips: * Analog Devices ADM1027 Prefix: 'adm1027' Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e - Datasheet: http://www.analog.com/en/prod/0,,766_825_ADM1027,00.html + Datasheet: http://www.onsemi.com/PowerSolutions/product.do?id=ADM1027 * Analog Devices ADT7463 Prefix: 'adt7463' Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e - Datasheet: http://www.analog.com/en/prod/0,,766_825_ADT7463,00.html + Datasheet: http://www.onsemi.com/PowerSolutions/product.do?id=ADT7463 * SMSC EMC6D100, SMSC EMC6D101 Prefix: 'emc6d100' Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e - Datasheet: http://www.smsc.com/main/tools/discontinued/6d100.pdf + Datasheet: http://www.smsc.com/media/Downloads_Public/discontinued/6d100.pdf * SMSC EMC6D102 Prefix: 'emc6d102' Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ temperature configuration points: There are three PWM outputs. The LM85 datasheet suggests that the pwm3 output control both fan3 and fan4. Each PWM can be individually -configured and assigned to a zone for it's control value. Each PWM can be +configured and assigned to a zone for its control value. Each PWM can be configured individually according to the following options. * pwm#_auto_pwm_min - this specifies the PWM value for temp#_auto_temp_off diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/ltc4245 b/Documentation/hwmon/ltc4245 index 02838a4..86b5880 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/ltc4245 +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/ltc4245 @@ -72,9 +72,7 @@ in6_min_alarm 5v output undervoltage alarm in7_min_alarm 3v output undervoltage alarm in8_min_alarm Vee (-12v) output undervoltage alarm -in9_input GPIO #1 voltage data -in10_input GPIO #2 voltage data -in11_input GPIO #3 voltage data +in9_input GPIO voltage data power1_input 12v power usage (mW) power2_input 5v power usage (mW) diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/pkgtemp b/Documentation/hwmon/pkgtemp new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c8e1fb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/pkgtemp @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +Kernel driver pkgtemp +====================== + +Supported chips: + * Intel family + Prefix: 'pkgtemp' + CPUID: + Datasheet: Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual + Volume 3A: System Programming Guide + +Author: Fenghua Yu + +Description +----------- + +This driver permits reading package level temperature sensor embedded inside +Intel CPU package. The sensors can be in core, uncore, memory controller, or +other components in a package. The feature is first implemented in Intel Sandy +Bridge platform. + +Temperature is measured in degrees Celsius and measurement resolution is +1 degree C. Valid temperatures are from 0 to TjMax degrees C, because the actual +value of temperature register is in fact a delta from TjMax. + +Temperature known as TjMax is the maximum junction temperature of package. +We get this from MSR_IA32_TEMPERATURE_TARGET. If the MSR is not accessible, +we define TjMax as 100 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, protection +mechanism will perform actions to forcibly cool down the package. Alarm +may be raised, if the temperature grows enough (more than TjMax) to trigger +the Out-Of-Spec bit. Following table summarizes the exported sysfs files: + +temp1_input - Package temperature (in millidegrees Celsius). +temp1_max - All cooling devices should be turned on. +temp1_crit - Maximum junction temperature (in millidegrees Celsius). +temp1_crit_alarm - Set when Out-of-spec bit is set, never clears. + Correct CPU operation is no longer guaranteed. diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/smm665 b/Documentation/hwmon/smm665 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3820fc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/smm665 @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +Kernel driver smm665 +==================== + +Supported chips: + * Summit Microelectronics SMM465 + Prefix: 'smm465' + Addresses scanned: - + Datasheet: + http://www.summitmicro.com/prod_select/summary/SMM465/SMM465DS.pdf + * Summit Microelectronics SMM665, SMM665B + Prefix: 'smm665' + Addresses scanned: - + Datasheet: + http://www.summitmicro.com/prod_select/summary/SMM665/SMM665B_2089_20.pdf + * Summit Microelectronics SMM665C + Prefix: 'smm665c' + Addresses scanned: - + Datasheet: + http://www.summitmicro.com/prod_select/summary/SMM665C/SMM665C_2125.pdf + * Summit Microelectronics SMM764 + Prefix: 'smm764' + Addresses scanned: - + Datasheet: + http://www.summitmicro.com/prod_select/summary/SMM764/SMM764_2098.pdf + * Summit Microelectronics SMM766, SMM766B + Prefix: 'smm766' + Addresses scanned: - + Datasheets: + http://www.summitmicro.com/prod_select/summary/SMM766/SMM766_2086.pdf + http://www.summitmicro.com/prod_select/summary/SMM766B/SMM766B_2122.pdf + +Author: Guenter Roeck <guenter.roeck@ericsson.com> + + +Module Parameters +----------------- + +* vref: int + Default: 1250 (mV) + Reference voltage on VREF_ADC pin in mV. It should not be necessary to set + this parameter unless a non-default reference voltage is used. + + +Description +----------- + +[From datasheet] The SMM665 is an Active DC Output power supply Controller +that monitors, margins and cascade sequences power. The part monitors six +power supply channels as well as VDD, 12V input, two general-purpose analog +inputs and an internal temperature sensor using a 10-bit ADC. + +Each monitored channel has its own high and low limits, plus a critical +limit. + +Support for SMM465, SMM764, and SMM766 has been implemented but is untested. + + +Usage Notes +----------- + +This driver does not probe for devices, since there is no register which +can be safely used to identify the chip. You will have to instantiate +the devices explicitly. When instantiating the device, you have to specify +its configuration register address. + +Example: the following will load the driver for an SMM665 at address 0x57 +on I2C bus #1: +$ modprobe smm665 +$ echo smm665 0x57 > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-1/new_device + + +Sysfs entries +------------- + +This driver uses the values in the datasheet to convert ADC register values +into the values specified in the sysfs-interface document. All attributes are +read only. + +Min, max, lcrit, and crit values are used by the chip to trigger external signals +and/or other activity. Triggered signals can include HEALTHY, RST, Power Off, +or Fault depending on the chip configuration. The driver reports values as lcrit +or crit if exceeding the limits triggers RST, Power Off, or Fault, and as min or +max otherwise. For details please see the SMM665 datasheet. + +For SMM465 and SMM764, values for Channel E and F are reported but undefined. + +in1_input 12V input voltage (mV) +in2_input 3.3V (VDD) input voltage (mV) +in3_input Channel A voltage (mV) +in4_input Channel B voltage (mV) +in5_input Channel C voltage (mV) +in6_input Channel D voltage (mV) +in7_input Channel E voltage (mV) +in8_input Channel F voltage (mV) +in9_input AIN1 voltage (mV) +in10_input AIN2 voltage (mV) + +in1_min 12v input minimum voltage (mV) +in2_min 3.3V (VDD) input minimum voltage (mV) +in3_min Channel A minimum voltage (mV) +in4_min Channel B minimum voltage (mV) +in5_min Channel C minimum voltage (mV) +in6_min Channel D minimum voltage (mV) +in7_min Channel E minimum voltage (mV) +in8_min Channel F minimum voltage (mV) +in9_min AIN1 minimum voltage (mV) +in10_min AIN2 minimum voltage (mV) + +in1_max 12v input maximum voltage (mV) +in2_max 3.3V (VDD) input maximum voltage (mV) +in3_max Channel A maximum voltage (mV) +in4_max Channel B maximum voltage (mV) +in5_max Channel C maximum voltage (mV) +in6_max Channel D maximum voltage (mV) +in7_max Channel E maximum voltage (mV) +in8_max Channel F maximum voltage (mV) +in9_max AIN1 maximum voltage (mV) +in10_max AIN2 maximum voltage (mV) + +in1_lcrit 12v input critical minimum voltage (mV) +in2_lcrit 3.3V (VDD) input critical minimum voltage (mV) +in3_lcrit Channel A critical minimum voltage (mV) +in4_lcrit Channel B critical minimum voltage (mV) +in5_lcrit Channel C critical minimum voltage (mV) +in6_lcrit Channel D critical minimum voltage (mV) +in7_lcrit Channel E critical minimum voltage (mV) +in8_lcrit Channel F critical minimum voltage (mV) +in9_lcrit AIN1 critical minimum voltage (mV) +in10_lcrit AIN2 critical minimum voltage (mV) + +in1_crit 12v input critical maximum voltage (mV) +in2_crit 3.3V (VDD) input critical maximum voltage (mV) +in3_crit Channel A critical maximum voltage (mV) +in4_crit Channel B critical maximum voltage (mV) +in5_crit Channel C critical maximum voltage (mV) +in6_crit Channel D critical maximum voltage (mV) +in7_crit Channel E critical maximum voltage (mV) +in8_crit Channel F critical maximum voltage (mV) +in9_crit AIN1 critical maximum voltage (mV) +in10_crit AIN2 critical maximum voltage (mV) + +in1_crit_alarm 12v input critical alarm +in2_crit_alarm 3.3V (VDD) input critical alarm +in3_crit_alarm Channel A critical alarm +in4_crit_alarm Channel B critical alarm +in5_crit_alarm Channel C critical alarm +in6_crit_alarm Channel D critical alarm +in7_crit_alarm Channel E critical alarm +in8_crit_alarm Channel F critical alarm +in9_crit_alarm AIN1 critical alarm +in10_crit_alarm AIN2 critical alarm + +temp1_input Chip tempererature +temp1_min Mimimum chip tempererature +temp1_max Maximum chip tempererature +temp1_crit Critical chip tempererature +temp1_crit_alarm Temperature critical alarm diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/smsc47m1 b/Documentation/hwmon/smsc47m1 index 42c8431..2a13378 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/smsc47m1 +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/smsc47m1 @@ -7,13 +7,10 @@ Supported chips: Addresses scanned: none, address read from Super I/O config space Prefix: 'smsc47m1' Datasheets: - http://www.smsc.com/main/datasheets/47b27x.pdf - http://www.smsc.com/main/datasheets/47m10x.pdf - http://www.smsc.com/main/datasheets/47m112.pdf - http://www.smsc.com/main/tools/discontinued/47m13x.pdf - http://www.smsc.com/main/datasheets/47m14x.pdf - http://www.smsc.com/main/tools/discontinued/47m15x.pdf - http://www.smsc.com/main/datasheets/47m192.pdf + http://www.smsc.com/media/Downloads_Public/Data_Sheets/47b272.pdf + http://www.smsc.com/media/Downloads_Public/Data_Sheets/47m10x.pdf + http://www.smsc.com/media/Downloads_Public/Data_Sheets/47m112.pdf + http://www.smsc.com/ * SMSC LPC47M292 Addresses scanned: none, address read from Super I/O config space Prefix: 'smsc47m2' diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface b/Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface index 3de6b0b..d4e2917 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface @@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ All entries (except name) are optional, and should only be created in a given driver if the chip has the feature. -******** -* Name * -******** +********************* +* Global attributes * +********************* name The chip name. This should be a short, lowercase string, not containing @@ -91,6 +91,13 @@ name The chip name. I2C devices get this attribute created automatically. RO +update_rate The rate at which the chip will update readings. + Unit: millisecond + RW + Some devices have a variable update rate. This attribute + can be used to change the update rate to the desired + frequency. + ************ * Voltages * diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/thmc50 b/Documentation/hwmon/thmc50 index 9639ca9..8a7772a 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/thmc50 +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/thmc50 @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Supported chips: * Texas Instruments THMC50 Prefix: 'thmc50' Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c - 0x2e - Datasheet: http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/thmc50.html + Datasheet: http://www.ti.com/ Author: Krzysztof Helt <krzysztof.h1@wp.pl> diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/tmp102 b/Documentation/hwmon/tmp102 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8454a77 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/tmp102 @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +Kernel driver tmp102 +==================== + +Supported chips: + * Texas Instruments TMP102 + Prefix: 'tmp102' + Addresses scanned: none + Datasheet: http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/tmp102.html + +Author: + Steven King <sfking@fdwdc.com> + +Description +----------- + +The Texas Instruments TMP102 implements one temperature sensor. Limits can be +set through the Overtemperature Shutdown register and Hysteresis register. The +sensor is accurate to 0.5 degree over the range of -25 to +85 C, and to 1.0 +degree from -40 to +125 C. Resolution of the sensor is 0.0625 degree. The +operating temperature has a minimum of -55 C and a maximum of +150 C. + +The TMP102 has a programmable update rate that can select between 8, 4, 1, and +0.5 Hz. (Currently the driver only supports the default of 4 Hz). + +The driver provides the common sysfs-interface for temperatures (see +Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface under Temperatures). diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/via686a b/Documentation/hwmon/via686a index d651b25..e5f90ab 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/via686a +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/via686a @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Supported chips: * Via VT82C686A, VT82C686B Southbridge Integrated Hardware Monitor Prefix: 'via686a' Addresses scanned: ISA in PCI-space encoded address - Datasheet: On request through web form (http://www.via.com.tw/en/support/datasheets/) + Datasheet: On request through web form (http://www.via.com.tw/en/resources/download-center/) Authors: Kyösti Mälkki <kmalkki@cc.hut.fi>, diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/w83627hf b/Documentation/hwmon/w83627hf index 44dd2bc..fb145e5 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/w83627hf +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/w83627hf @@ -5,23 +5,19 @@ Supported chips: * Winbond W83627HF (ISA accesses ONLY) Prefix: 'w83627hf' Addresses scanned: ISA address retrieved from Super I/O registers - Datasheet: http://www.winbond.com/PDF/sheet/w83627hf.pdf * Winbond W83627THF Prefix: 'w83627thf' Addresses scanned: ISA address retrieved from Super I/O registers - Datasheet: http://www.winbond.com/PDF/sheet/w83627thf.pdf * Winbond W83697HF Prefix: 'w83697hf' Addresses scanned: ISA address retrieved from Super I/O registers - Datasheet: http://www.winbond.com/PDF/sheet/697hf.pdf * Winbond W83637HF Prefix: 'w83637hf' Addresses scanned: ISA address retrieved from Super I/O registers - Datasheet: http://www.winbond.com/PDF/sheet/w83637hf.pdf * Winbond W83687THF Prefix: 'w83687thf' Addresses scanned: ISA address retrieved from Super I/O registers - Datasheet: Provided by Winbond on request + Datasheet: Provided by Winbond on request(http://www.winbond.com/hq/enu) Authors: Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>, diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/w83781d b/Documentation/hwmon/w83781d index c91e0b6..ecbc1e4 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/w83781d +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/w83781d @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Supported chips: * Winbond W83782D Prefix: 'w83782d' Addresses scanned: I2C 0x28 - 0x2f, ISA 0x290 (8 I/O ports) - Datasheet: http://www.winbond.com/PDF/sheet/w83782d.pdf + Datasheet: http://www.winbond.com * Winbond W83783S Prefix: 'w83783s' Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2d diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/w83792d b/Documentation/hwmon/w83792d index 14a668e..8a023ce 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/w83792d +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/w83792d @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Supported chips: * Winbond W83792D Prefix: 'w83792d' Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c - 0x2f - Datasheet: http://www.winbond.com.tw/E-WINBONDHTM/partner/PDFresult.asp?Pname=1035 + Datasheet: http://www.winbond.com.tw Author: Chunhao Huang Contact: DZShen <DZShen@Winbond.com.tw> diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali1535 b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali1535 index 0db3b4c..5d46342 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali1535 +++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali1535 @@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ Kernel driver i2c-ali1535 Supported adapters: * Acer Labs, Inc. ALI 1535 (south bridge) Datasheet: Now under NDA - http://www.ali.com.tw/eng/support/datasheet_request.php + http://www.ali.com.tw/ Authors: - Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>, + Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>, Philip Edelbrock <phil@netroedge.com>, Mark D. Studebaker <mdsxyz123@yahoo.com>, Dan Eaton <dan.eaton@rocketlogix.com>, Stephen Rousset<stephen.rousset@rocketlogix.com> - + Description ----------- diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali1563 b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali1563 index 99ad4b9..41b1a07 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali1563 +++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali1563 @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Kernel driver i2c-ali1563 Supported adapters: * Acer Labs, Inc. ALI 1563 (south bridge) Datasheet: Now under NDA - http://www.ali.com.tw/eng/support/datasheet_request.php + http://www.ali.com.tw/ Author: Patrick Mochel <mochel@digitalimplant.org> @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ For an overview of these chips see http://www.acerlabs.com The M1563 southbridge is deceptively similar to the M1533, with a few notable exceptions. One of those happens to be the fact they upgraded the i2c core to be SMBus 2.0 compliant, and happens to be almost identical to -the i2c controller found in the Intel 801 south bridges. +the i2c controller found in the Intel 801 south bridges. Features -------- diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali15x3 b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali15x3 index ff28d38..42888d8 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali15x3 +++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ali15x3 @@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ Kernel driver i2c-ali15x3 Supported adapters: * Acer Labs, Inc. ALI 1533 and 1543C (south bridge) Datasheet: Now under NDA - http://www.ali.com.tw/eng/support/datasheet_request.php + http://www.ali.com.tw/ Authors: - Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>, - Philip Edelbrock <phil@netroedge.com>, + Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>, + Philip Edelbrock <phil@netroedge.com>, Mark D. Studebaker <mdsxyz123@yahoo.com> Module Parameters @@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ M1541 and M1543C South Bridges. The M1543C is a South bridge for desktop systems. The M1541 is a South bridge for portable systems. They are part of the following ALI chipsets: - - * "Aladdin Pro 2" includes the M1621 Slot 1 North bridge with AGP and + + * "Aladdin Pro 2" includes the M1621 Slot 1 North bridge with AGP and 100MHz CPU Front Side bus - * "Aladdin V" includes the M1541 Socket 7 North bridge with AGP and 100MHz + * "Aladdin V" includes the M1541 Socket 7 North bridge with AGP and 100MHz CPU Front Side bus Some Aladdin V motherboards: Asus P5A @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ output of lspci will show something similar to the following: ** then run lspci. ** If you see the 1533 and 5229 devices but NOT the 7101 device, ** then you must enable ACPI, the PMU, SMB, or something similar -** in the BIOS. +** in the BIOS. ** The driver won't work if it can't find the M7101 device. The SMB controller is part of the M7101 device, which is an ACPI-compliant @@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ The whole M7101 device has to be enabled for the SMB to work. You can't just enable the SMB alone. The SMB and the ACPI have separate I/O spaces. We make sure that the SMB is enabled. We leave the ACPI alone. -Features --------- +Features +-------- This driver controls the SMB Host only. The SMB Slave controller on the M15X3 is not enabled. This driver does not use diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i801 b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i801 index e1bb5b2..e307914 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i801 +++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i801 @@ -27,7 +27,13 @@ Authors: Module Parameters ----------------- -None. +* disable_features (bit vector) +Disable selected features normally supported by the device. This makes it +possible to work around possible driver or hardware bugs if the feature in +question doesn't work as intended for whatever reason. Bit values: + 1 disable SMBus PEC + 2 disable the block buffer + 8 disable the I2C block read functionality Description diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-pca-isa b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-pca-isa index 6fc8f4c..b044e52 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-pca-isa +++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-pca-isa @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ Kernel driver i2c-pca-isa Supported adapters: -This driver supports ISA boards using the Philips PCA 9564 -Parallel bus to I2C bus controller +This driver supports ISA boards using the Philips PCA 9564 +Parallel bus to I2C bus controller -Author: Ian Campbell <icampbell@arcom.com>, Arcom Control Systems +Author: Ian Campbell <icampbell@arcom.com>, Arcom Control Systems Module Parameters ----------------- @@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ Module Parameters * base int I/O base address * irq int - IRQ interrupt -* clock int + IRQ interrupt +* clock int Clock rate as described in table 1 of PCA9564 datasheet Description ----------- -This driver supports ISA boards using the Philips PCA 9564 -Parallel bus to I2C bus controller +This driver supports ISA boards using the Philips PCA 9564 +Parallel bus to I2C bus controller diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-piix4 b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-piix4 index ac540c7..475bb4a 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-piix4 +++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-piix4 @@ -97,4 +97,4 @@ of all affected systems, so the only safe solution was to prevent access to the SMBus on all IBM systems (detected using DMI data.) For additional information, read: -http://www.lm-sensors.org/browser/lm-sensors/trunk/README.thinkpad +http://www.lm-sensors.org/browser/lm-sensors/trunk/README diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis5595 b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis5595 index cc47db7..ecd21fb 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis5595 +++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis5595 @@ -1,41 +1,41 @@ Kernel driver i2c-sis5595 -Authors: +Authors: Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>, Mark D. Studebaker <mdsxyz123@yahoo.com>, - Philip Edelbrock <phil@netroedge.com> + Philip Edelbrock <phil@netroedge.com> Supported adapters: * Silicon Integrated Systems Corp. SiS5595 Southbridge Datasheet: Publicly available at the Silicon Integrated Systems Corp. site. -Note: all have mfr. ID 0x1039. - - SUPPORTED PCI ID - 5595 0008 - - Note: these chips contain a 0008 device which is incompatible with the - 5595. We recognize these by the presence of the listed - "blacklist" PCI ID and refuse to load. - - NOT SUPPORTED PCI ID BLACKLIST PCI ID - 540 0008 0540 - 550 0008 0550 - 5513 0008 5511 - 5581 0008 5597 - 5582 0008 5597 - 5597 0008 5597 - 5598 0008 5597/5598 - 630 0008 0630 - 645 0008 0645 - 646 0008 0646 - 648 0008 0648 - 650 0008 0650 - 651 0008 0651 - 730 0008 0730 - 735 0008 0735 - 745 0008 0745 - 746 0008 0746 +Note: all have mfr. ID 0x1039. + + SUPPORTED PCI ID + 5595 0008 + + Note: these chips contain a 0008 device which is incompatible with the + 5595. We recognize these by the presence of the listed + "blacklist" PCI ID and refuse to load. + + NOT SUPPORTED PCI ID BLACKLIST PCI ID + 540 0008 0540 + 550 0008 0550 + 5513 0008 5511 + 5581 0008 5597 + 5582 0008 5597 + 5597 0008 5597 + 5598 0008 5597/5598 + 630 0008 0630 + 645 0008 0645 + 646 0008 0646 + 648 0008 0648 + 650 0008 0650 + 651 0008 0651 + 730 0008 0730 + 735 0008 0735 + 745 0008 0745 + 746 0008 0746 Module Parameters ----------------- diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis630 b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis630 index 9aca688..0b96973 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis630 +++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis630 @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Kernel driver i2c-sis630 Supported adapters: * Silicon Integrated Systems Corp (SiS) - 630 chipset (Datasheet: available at http://amalysh.bei.t-online.de/docs/SIS/) + 630 chipset (Datasheet: available at http://www.sfr-fresh.com/linux) 730 chipset * Possible other SiS chipsets ? @@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ Module Parameters * force = [1|0] Forcibly enable the SIS630. DANGEROUS! This can be interesting for chipsets not named above to check if it works for you chipset, but DANGEROUS! - -* high_clock = [1|0] Forcibly set Host Master Clock to 56KHz (default, - what your BIOS use). DANGEROUS! This should be a bit + +* high_clock = [1|0] Forcibly set Host Master Clock to 56KHz (default, + what your BIOS use). DANGEROUS! This should be a bit faster, but freeze some systems (i.e. my Laptop). @@ -44,6 +44,6 @@ Philip Edelbrock <phil@netroedge.com> - testing SiS730 support Mark M. Hoffman <mhoffman@lightlink.com> - bug fixes - + To anyone else which I forgot here ;), thanks! diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/ten-bit-addresses b/Documentation/i2c/ten-bit-addresses index 200074f..e989070 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/ten-bit-addresses +++ b/Documentation/i2c/ten-bit-addresses @@ -1,17 +1,17 @@ -The I2C protocol knows about two kinds of device addresses: normal 7 bit +The I2C protocol knows about two kinds of device addresses: normal 7 bit addresses, and an extended set of 10 bit addresses. The sets of addresses do not intersect: the 7 bit address 0x10 is not the same as the 10 bit address 0x10 (though a single device could respond to both of them). You select a 10 bit address by adding an extra byte after the address byte: - S Addr7 Rd/Wr .... + S Addr7 Rd/Wr .... becomes S 11110 Addr10 Rd/Wr S is the start bit, Rd/Wr the read/write bit, and if you count the number of bits, you will see the there are 8 after the S bit for 7 bit addresses, and 16 after the S bit for 10 bit addresses. -WARNING! The current 10 bit address support is EXPERIMENTAL. There are +WARNING! The current 10 bit address support is EXPERIMENTAL. There are several places in the code that will cause SEVERE PROBLEMS with 10 bit addresses, even though there is some basic handling and hooks. Also, almost no supported adapter handles the 10 bit addresses correctly. diff --git a/Documentation/ia64/aliasing.txt b/Documentation/ia64/aliasing.txt index aa3e953..5a4dea6 100644 --- a/Documentation/ia64/aliasing.txt +++ b/Documentation/ia64/aliasing.txt @@ -168,8 +168,6 @@ PAST PROBLEM CASES mmap of 0x0-0x9FFFF /dev/mem by "hwinfo" on HP sx1000 with VGA enabled - See https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=140858. - The EFI memory map reports the following attributes: 0x00000-0x9FFFF WB only 0xA0000-0xBFFFF UC only (VGA frame buffer) diff --git a/Documentation/ia64/serial.txt b/Documentation/ia64/serial.txt index 040b977..6869c73 100644 --- a/Documentation/ia64/serial.txt +++ b/Documentation/ia64/serial.txt @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ TROUBLESHOOTING SERIAL CONSOLE PROBLEMS -[1] http://www.dig64.org/specifications/DIG64_PCDPv20.pdf +[1] http://www.dig64.org/specifications/agreement The table was originally defined as the "HCDP" for "Headless Console/Debug Port." The current version is the "PCDP" for "Primary Console and Debug Port Devices." diff --git a/Documentation/infiniband/user_verbs.txt b/Documentation/infiniband/user_verbs.txt index afe3f8d..e5092d6 100644 --- a/Documentation/infiniband/user_verbs.txt +++ b/Documentation/infiniband/user_verbs.txt @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ USERSPACE VERBS ACCESS described in chapter 11 of the InfiniBand Architecture Specification. To use the verbs, the libibverbs library, available from - <http://openib.org/>, is required. libibverbs contains a + http://www.openfabrics.org/, is required. libibverbs contains a device-independent API for using the ib_uverbs interface. libibverbs also requires appropriate device-dependent kernel and userspace driver for your InfiniBand hardware. For example, to use diff --git a/Documentation/input/appletouch.txt b/Documentation/input/appletouch.txt index 4f7c633..b13de3f 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/appletouch.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/appletouch.txt @@ -82,4 +82,4 @@ Links: ------ [1]: http://johannes.sipsolutions.net/PowerBook/touchpad/ -[2]: http://web.telia.com/~u89404340/touchpad/index.html +[2]: http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://web.telia.com/~u89404340/touchpad/index.html diff --git a/Documentation/input/bcm5974.txt b/Documentation/input/bcm5974.txt index 5e22dcf..74d3876 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/bcm5974.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/bcm5974.txt @@ -62,4 +62,4 @@ Links ----- [1] http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=840040 -[2] http://http://bitmath.org/code/ +[2] http://bitmath.org/code/ diff --git a/Documentation/input/iforce-protocol.txt b/Documentation/input/iforce-protocol.txt index 3ac9241..2d5fbfd 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/iforce-protocol.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/iforce-protocol.txt @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ Check www.immerse.com for Immersion Studio, and www.fcoder.com for ComPortSpy. ** Author of this document ** Johann Deneux <johann.deneux@gmail.com> -Home page at http://www.esil.univ-mrs.fr/~jdeneux/projects/ff/ +Home page at http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.esil.univ-mrs.fr Additions by Vojtech Pavlik. diff --git a/Documentation/input/joystick.txt b/Documentation/input/joystick.txt index 154d767..8007b7c 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/joystick.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/joystick.txt @@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ for the port of the SoundFusion is supported by the cs461x.c module. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Live! has a special PCI gameport, which, although it doesn't provide any "Enhanced" stuff like 4DWave and friends, is quite a bit faster than -it's ISA counterparts. It also requires special support, hence the +its ISA counterparts. It also requires special support, hence the emu10k1-gp.c module for it instead of the normal ns558.c one. 3.15 SoundBlaster 64 and 128 - ES1370 and ES1371, ESS Solo1 and S3 SonicVibes diff --git a/Documentation/input/multi-touch-protocol.txt b/Documentation/input/multi-touch-protocol.txt index c0fc1c7..bdcba154 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/multi-touch-protocol.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/multi-touch-protocol.txt @@ -6,31 +6,149 @@ Multi-touch (MT) Protocol Introduction ------------ -In order to utilize the full power of the new multi-touch devices, a way to -report detailed finger data to user space is needed. This document -describes the multi-touch (MT) protocol which allows kernel drivers to -report details for an arbitrary number of fingers. +In order to utilize the full power of the new multi-touch and multi-user +devices, a way to report detailed data from multiple contacts, i.e., +objects in direct contact with the device surface, is needed. This +document describes the multi-touch (MT) protocol which allows kernel +drivers to report details for an arbitrary number of contacts. + +The protocol is divided into two types, depending on the capabilities of the +hardware. For devices handling anonymous contacts (type A), the protocol +describes how to send the raw data for all contacts to the receiver. For +devices capable of tracking identifiable contacts (type B), the protocol +describes how to send updates for individual contacts via event slots. + + +Protocol Usage +-------------- + +Contact details are sent sequentially as separate packets of ABS_MT +events. Only the ABS_MT events are recognized as part of a contact +packet. Since these events are ignored by current single-touch (ST) +applications, the MT protocol can be implemented on top of the ST protocol +in an existing driver. + +Drivers for type A devices separate contact packets by calling +input_mt_sync() at the end of each packet. This generates a SYN_MT_REPORT +event, which instructs the receiver to accept the data for the current +contact and prepare to receive another. + +Drivers for type B devices separate contact packets by calling +input_mt_slot(), with a slot as argument, at the beginning of each packet. +This generates an ABS_MT_SLOT event, which instructs the receiver to +prepare for updates of the given slot. + +All drivers mark the end of a multi-touch transfer by calling the usual +input_sync() function. This instructs the receiver to act upon events +accumulated since last EV_SYN/SYN_REPORT and prepare to receive a new set +of events/packets. + +The main difference between the stateless type A protocol and the stateful +type B slot protocol lies in the usage of identifiable contacts to reduce +the amount of data sent to userspace. The slot protocol requires the use of +the ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID, either provided by the hardware or computed from +the raw data [5]. + +For type A devices, the kernel driver should generate an arbitrary +enumeration of the full set of anonymous contacts currently on the +surface. The order in which the packets appear in the event stream is not +important. Event filtering and finger tracking is left to user space [3]. + +For type B devices, the kernel driver should associate a slot with each +identified contact, and use that slot to propagate changes for the contact. +Creation, replacement and destruction of contacts is achieved by modifying +the ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID of the associated slot. A non-negative tracking id +is interpreted as a contact, and the value -1 denotes an unused slot. A +tracking id not previously present is considered new, and a tracking id no +longer present is considered removed. Since only changes are propagated, +the full state of each initiated contact has to reside in the receiving +end. Upon receiving an MT event, one simply updates the appropriate +attribute of the current slot. + + +Protocol Example A +------------------ + +Here is what a minimal event sequence for a two-contact touch would look +like for a type A device: + + ABS_MT_POSITION_X x[0] + ABS_MT_POSITION_Y y[0] + SYN_MT_REPORT + ABS_MT_POSITION_X x[1] + ABS_MT_POSITION_Y y[1] + SYN_MT_REPORT + SYN_REPORT +The sequence after moving one of the contacts looks exactly the same; the +raw data for all present contacts are sent between every synchronization +with SYN_REPORT. -Usage ------ +Here is the sequence after lifting the first contact: + + ABS_MT_POSITION_X x[1] + ABS_MT_POSITION_Y y[1] + SYN_MT_REPORT + SYN_REPORT + +And here is the sequence after lifting the second contact: + + SYN_MT_REPORT + SYN_REPORT + +If the driver reports one of BTN_TOUCH or ABS_PRESSURE in addition to the +ABS_MT events, the last SYN_MT_REPORT event may be omitted. Otherwise, the +last SYN_REPORT will be dropped by the input core, resulting in no +zero-contact event reaching userland. -Anonymous finger details are sent sequentially as separate packets of ABS -events. Only the ABS_MT events are recognized as part of a finger -packet. The end of a packet is marked by calling the input_mt_sync() -function, which generates a SYN_MT_REPORT event. This instructs the -receiver to accept the data for the current finger and prepare to receive -another. The end of a multi-touch transfer is marked by calling the usual -input_sync() function. This instructs the receiver to act upon events -accumulated since last EV_SYN/SYN_REPORT and prepare to receive a new -set of events/packets. + +Protocol Example B +------------------ + +Here is what a minimal event sequence for a two-contact touch would look +like for a type B device: + + ABS_MT_SLOT 0 + ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID 45 + ABS_MT_POSITION_X x[0] + ABS_MT_POSITION_Y y[0] + ABS_MT_SLOT 1 + ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID 46 + ABS_MT_POSITION_X x[1] + ABS_MT_POSITION_Y y[1] + SYN_REPORT + +Here is the sequence after moving contact 45 in the x direction: + + ABS_MT_SLOT 0 + ABS_MT_POSITION_X x[0] + SYN_REPORT + +Here is the sequence after lifting the contact in slot 0: + + ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID -1 + SYN_REPORT + +The slot being modified is already 0, so the ABS_MT_SLOT is omitted. The +message removes the association of slot 0 with contact 45, thereby +destroying contact 45 and freeing slot 0 to be reused for another contact. + +Finally, here is the sequence after lifting the second contact: + + ABS_MT_SLOT 1 + ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID -1 + SYN_REPORT + + +Event Usage +----------- A set of ABS_MT events with the desired properties is defined. The events are divided into categories, to allow for partial implementation. The minimum set consists of ABS_MT_POSITION_X and ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, which -allows for multiple fingers to be tracked. If the device supports it, the +allows for multiple contacts to be tracked. If the device supports it, the ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR and ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR may be used to provide the size -of the contact area and approaching finger, respectively. +of the contact area and approaching contact, respectively. The TOUCH and WIDTH parameters have a geometrical interpretation; imagine looking through a window at someone gently holding a finger against the @@ -41,56 +159,26 @@ ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR, the diameter of the outer region is ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR. Now imagine the person pressing the finger harder against the glass. The inner region will increase, and in general, the ratio ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR / ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR, which is always smaller than -unity, is related to the finger pressure. For pressure-based devices, +unity, is related to the contact pressure. For pressure-based devices, ABS_MT_PRESSURE may be used to provide the pressure on the contact area instead. -In addition to the MAJOR parameters, the oval shape of the finger can be +In addition to the MAJOR parameters, the oval shape of the contact can be described by adding the MINOR parameters, such that MAJOR and MINOR are the major and minor axis of an ellipse. Finally, the orientation of the oval shape can be describe with the ORIENTATION parameter. The ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE may be used to specify whether the touching tool is a -finger or a pen or something else. Devices with more granular information +contact or a pen or something else. Devices with more granular information may specify general shapes as blobs, i.e., as a sequence of rectangular shapes grouped together by an ABS_MT_BLOB_ID. Finally, for the few devices that currently support it, the ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID event may be used to -report finger tracking from hardware [5]. +report contact tracking from hardware [5]. -Here is what a minimal event sequence for a two-finger touch would look -like: - - ABS_MT_POSITION_X - ABS_MT_POSITION_Y - SYN_MT_REPORT - ABS_MT_POSITION_X - ABS_MT_POSITION_Y - SYN_MT_REPORT - SYN_REPORT - -Here is the sequence after lifting one of the fingers: - - ABS_MT_POSITION_X - ABS_MT_POSITION_Y - SYN_MT_REPORT - SYN_REPORT - -And here is the sequence after lifting the remaining finger: - - SYN_MT_REPORT - SYN_REPORT - -If the driver reports one of BTN_TOUCH or ABS_PRESSURE in addition to the -ABS_MT events, the last SYN_MT_REPORT event may be omitted. Otherwise, the -last SYN_REPORT will be dropped by the input core, resulting in no -zero-finger event reaching userland. Event Semantics --------------- -The word "contact" is used to describe a tool which is in direct contact -with the surface. A finger, a pen or a rubber all classify as contacts. - ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR The length of the major axis of the contact. The length should be given in @@ -157,15 +245,16 @@ MT_TOOL_PEN [2]. ABS_MT_BLOB_ID The BLOB_ID groups several packets together into one arbitrarily shaped -contact. This is a low-level anonymous grouping, and should not be confused -with the high-level trackingID [5]. Most kernel drivers will not have blob -capability, and can safely omit the event. +contact. This is a low-level anonymous grouping for type A devices, and +should not be confused with the high-level trackingID [5]. Most type A +devices do not have blob capability, so drivers can safely omit this event. ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID The TRACKING_ID identifies an initiated contact throughout its life cycle -[5]. There are currently only a few devices that support it, so this event -should normally be omitted. +[5]. This event is mandatory for type B devices. The value range of the +TRACKING_ID should be large enough to ensure unique identification of a +contact maintained over an extended period of time. Event Computation @@ -192,20 +281,11 @@ finger along the X axis (1). Finger Tracking --------------- -The kernel driver should generate an arbitrary enumeration of the set of -anonymous contacts currently on the surface. The order in which the packets -appear in the event stream is not important. - The process of finger tracking, i.e., to assign a unique trackingID to each -initiated contact on the surface, is left to user space; preferably the -multi-touch X driver [3]. In that driver, the trackingID stays the same and -unique until the contact vanishes (when the finger leaves the surface). The -problem of assigning a set of anonymous fingers to a set of identified -fingers is a euclidian bipartite matching problem at each event update, and -relies on a sufficiently rapid update rate. - -There are a few devices that support trackingID in hardware. User space can -make use of these native identifiers to reduce bandwidth and cpu usage. +initiated contact on the surface, is a Euclidian Bipartite Matching +problem. At each event synchronization, the set of actual contacts is +matched to the set of contacts from the previous synchronization. A full +implementation can be found in [3]. Gestures diff --git a/Documentation/input/sentelic.txt b/Documentation/input/sentelic.txt index b35affd..b2ef125 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/sentelic.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/sentelic.txt @@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ Byte 5~8: Don't care (Absolute packet) FSP supports basic PS/2 commanding set and modes, refer to following URL for details about PS/2 commands: -http://www.computer-engineering.org/index.php?title=PS/2_Mouse_Interface +http://www.computer-engineering.org/ps2mouse/ ============================================================================== * Programming Sequence for Determining Packet Parsing Flow diff --git a/Documentation/input/xpad.txt b/Documentation/input/xpad.txt index aae0d40..7cc9a43 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/xpad.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/xpad.txt @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ the basic functionality. 1. http://euc.jp/periphs/xbox-controller.ja.html (ITO Takayuki) 2. http://xpad.xbox-scene.com/ -3. http://www.xboxhackz.com/Hackz-Reference.htm +3. http://www.markosweb.com/www/xboxhackz.com/ 4. /proc/bus/usb/devices - dump from InterAct PowerPad Pro (Germany): diff --git a/Documentation/intel_txt.txt b/Documentation/intel_txt.txt index f40a1f0..849de1a 100644 --- a/Documentation/intel_txt.txt +++ b/Documentation/intel_txt.txt @@ -25,20 +25,18 @@ which has been updated for the new released platforms. Intel TXT has been presented at various events over the past few years, some of which are: LinuxTAG 2008: - http://www.linuxtag.org/2008/en/conf/events/vp-donnerstag/ - details.html?talkid=110 + http://www.linuxtag.org/2008/en/conf/events/vp-donnerstag.html TRUST2008: - http://www.trust2008.eu/downloads/Keynote-Speakers/ + http://www.trust-conference.eu/downloads/Keynote-Speakers/ 3_David-Grawrock_The-Front-Door-of-Trusted-Computing.pdf - IDF 2008, Shanghai: - http://inteldeveloperforum.com.edgesuite.net/shanghai_2008/ - aep/PROS003/index.html + IDF, Shanghai: + http://www.prcidf.com.cn/index_en.html IDFs 2006, 2007 (I'm not sure if/where they are online) Trusted Boot Project Overview: ============================= -Trusted Boot (tboot) is an open source, pre- kernel/VMM module that +Trusted Boot (tboot) is an open source, pre-kernel/VMM module that uses Intel TXT to perform a measured and verified launch of an OS kernel/VMM. @@ -126,7 +124,7 @@ o Tboot then applies an (optional) user-defined launch policy to o Tboot adjusts the e820 table provided by the bootloader to reserve its own location in memory as well as to reserve certain other TXT-related regions. -o As part of it's launch, tboot DMA protects all of RAM (using the +o As part of its launch, tboot DMA protects all of RAM (using the VT-d PMRs). Thus, the kernel must be booted with 'intel_iommu=on' in order to remove this blanket protection and use VT-d's page-level protection. @@ -161,13 +159,15 @@ o In order to put a system into any of the sleep states after a TXT has been restored, it will restore the TPM PCRs and then transfer control back to the kernel's S3 resume vector. In order to preserve system integrity across S3, the kernel - provides tboot with a set of memory ranges (kernel - code/data/bss, S3 resume code, and AP trampoline) that tboot - will calculate a MAC (message authentication code) over and then - seal with the TPM. On resume and once the measured environment - has been re-established, tboot will re-calculate the MAC and - verify it against the sealed value. Tboot's policy determines - what happens if the verification fails. + provides tboot with a set of memory ranges (RAM and RESERVED_KERN + in the e820 table, but not any memory that BIOS might alter over + the S3 transition) that tboot will calculate a MAC (message + authentication code) over and then seal with the TPM. On resume + and once the measured environment has been re-established, tboot + will re-calculate the MAC and verify it against the sealed value. + Tboot's policy determines what happens if the verification fails. + Note that the c/s 194 of tboot which has the new MAC code supports + this. That's pretty much it for TXT support. diff --git a/Documentation/ioctl/ioctl-number.txt b/Documentation/ioctl/ioctl-number.txt index dd5806f..33223ff 100644 --- a/Documentation/ioctl/ioctl-number.txt +++ b/Documentation/ioctl/ioctl-number.txt @@ -74,11 +74,12 @@ Code Seq#(hex) Include File Comments 0x10 00-0F drivers/char/s390/vmcp.h 0x12 all linux/fs.h linux/blkpg.h -0x1b all InfiniBand Subsystem <http://www.openib.org/> +0x1b all InfiniBand Subsystem <http://infiniband.sourceforge.net/> 0x20 all drivers/cdrom/cm206.h 0x22 all scsi/sg.h '#' 00-3F IEEE 1394 Subsystem Block for the entire subsystem '$' 00-0F linux/perf_counter.h, linux/perf_event.h +'&' 00-07 drivers/firewire/nosy-user.h '1' 00-1F <linux/timepps.h> PPS kit from Ulrich Windl <ftp://ftp.de.kernel.org/pub/linux/daemons/ntp/PPS/> '2' 01-04 linux/i2o.h @@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ Code Seq#(hex) Include File Comments '[' 00-07 linux/usb/tmc.h USB Test and Measurement Devices <mailto:gregkh@suse.de> 'a' all linux/atm*.h, linux/sonet.h ATM on linux - <http://lrcwww.epfl.ch/linux-atm/magic.html> + <http://lrcwww.epfl.ch/> 'b' 00-FF conflict! bit3 vme host bridge <mailto:natalia@nikhefk.nikhef.nl> 'b' 00-0F media/bt819.h conflict! @@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ Code Seq#(hex) Include File Comments 'k' 00-0F linux/spi/spidev.h conflict! 'k' 00-05 video/kyro.h conflict! 'l' 00-3F linux/tcfs_fs.h transparent cryptographic file system - <http://mikonos.dia.unisa.it/tcfs> + <http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://mikonos.dia.unisa.it/tcfs> 'l' 40-7F linux/udf_fs_i.h in development: <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux-udf/> 'm' 00-09 linux/mmtimer.h conflict! @@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ Code Seq#(hex) Include File Comments <mailto:giometti@linux.it> 'q' 00-1F linux/serio.h 'q' 80-FF linux/telephony.h Internet PhoneJACK, Internet LineJACK - linux/ixjuser.h <http://www.quicknet.net> + linux/ixjuser.h <http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.quicknet.net> 'r' 00-1F linux/msdos_fs.h and fs/fat/dir.c 's' all linux/cdk.h 't' 00-7F linux/if_ppp.h @@ -286,7 +287,7 @@ Code Seq#(hex) Include File Comments 0x89 F0-FF linux/sockios.h SIOCDEVPRIVATE range 0x8B all linux/wireless.h 0x8C 00-3F WiNRADiO driver - <http://www.proximity.com.au/~brian/winradio/> + <http://www.winradio.com.au/> 0x90 00 drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.h 0x92 00-0F drivers/usb/mon/mon_bin.c 0x93 60-7F linux/auto_fs.h diff --git a/Documentation/isdn/INTERFACE.CAPI b/Documentation/isdn/INTERFACE.CAPI index f172091..309eb5e 100644 --- a/Documentation/isdn/INTERFACE.CAPI +++ b/Documentation/isdn/INTERFACE.CAPI @@ -113,12 +113,16 @@ char *driver_name int (*load_firmware)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, capiloaddata *ldata) (optional) pointer to a callback function for sending firmware and configuration data to the device + The function may return before the operation has completed. + Completion must be signalled by a call to capi_ctr_ready(). Return value: 0 on success, error code on error Called in process context. void (*reset_ctr)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr) - (optional) pointer to a callback function for performing a reset on - the device, releasing all registered applications + (optional) pointer to a callback function for stopping the device, + releasing all registered applications + The function may return before the operation has completed. + Completion must be signalled by a call to capi_ctr_down(). Called in process context. void (*register_appl)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, u16 applid, diff --git a/Documentation/isdn/README b/Documentation/isdn/README index 6783437..cfb1884 100644 --- a/Documentation/isdn/README +++ b/Documentation/isdn/README @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ README for the ISDN-subsystem http://www.mhessler.de/i4lfaq/ It can be viewed online, or downloaded in sgml/text/html format. The FAQ can also be viewed online at - http://www.isdn4inux.de/faq/ + http://www.isdn4linux.de/faq/ or downloaded from ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/FAQ/ diff --git a/Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax b/Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax index 031c8d8..99e87a6 100644 --- a/Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax +++ b/Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax @@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ Appendix: Teles PCMCIA driver ----------------------------- See - http://www.stud.uni-wuppertal.de/~ea0141/pcmcia.html + http://www.linux.no/teles_cs.txt for instructions. Appendix: Linux and ISDN-leased lines diff --git a/Documentation/isdn/README.gigaset b/Documentation/isdn/README.gigaset index e472df8..ef3343e 100644 --- a/Documentation/isdn/README.gigaset +++ b/Documentation/isdn/README.gigaset @@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ GigaSet 307x Device Driver 1.2. Software -------- - The driver works with ISDN4linux and so can be used with any software - which is able to use ISDN4linux for ISDN connections (voice or data). - Experimental Kernel CAPI support is available as a compilation option. + The driver works with the Kernel CAPI subsystem as well as the old + ISDN4Linux subsystem, so it can be used with any software which is able + to use CAPI 2.0 or ISDN4Linux for ISDN connections (voice or data). There are some user space tools available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/gigaset307x/ @@ -152,61 +152,42 @@ GigaSet 307x Device Driver - GIGVER_FWBASE: retrieve the firmware version of the base Upon return, version[] is filled with the requested version information. -2.3. ISDN4linux - ---------- - This is the "normal" mode of operation. After loading the module you can - set up the ISDN system just as you'd do with any ISDN card supported by - the ISDN4Linux subsystem. Most distributions provide some configuration - utility. If not, you can use some HOWTOs like - http://www.linuxhaven.de/dlhp/HOWTO/DE-ISDN-HOWTO-5.html - If this doesn't work, because you have some device like SX100 where - debug output (see section 3.2.) shows something like this when dialing - CMD Received: ERROR - Available Params: 0 - Connection State: 0, Response: -1 - gigaset_process_response: resp_code -1 in ConState 0 ! - Timeout occurred - you probably need to use unimodem mode. (see section 2.5.) - -2.4. CAPI +2.3. CAPI ---- If the driver is compiled with CAPI support (kernel configuration option - GIGASET_CAPI, experimental) it can also be used with CAPI 2.0 kernel and - user space applications. For user space access, the module capi.ko must - be loaded. The capiinit command (included in the capi4k-utils package) - does this for you. - - The CAPI variant of the driver supports legacy ISDN4Linux applications - via the capidrv compatibility driver. The kernel module capidrv.ko must - be loaded explicitly with the command + GIGASET_CAPI) the devices will show up as CAPI controllers as soon as the + corresponding driver module is loaded, and can then be used with CAPI 2.0 + kernel and user space applications. For user space access, the module + capi.ko must be loaded. + + Legacy ISDN4Linux applications are supported via the capidrv + compatibility driver. The kernel module capidrv.ko must be loaded + explicitly with the command modprobe capidrv if needed, and cannot be unloaded again without unloading the driver first. (These are limitations of capidrv.) - The note about unimodem mode in the preceding section applies here, too. - -2.5. Unimodem mode - ------------- - This is needed for some devices [e.g. SX100] as they have problems with - the "normal" commands. + Most distributions handle loading and unloading of the various CAPI + modules automatically via the command capiinit(1) from the capi4k-utils + package or a similar mechanism. Note that capiinit(1) cannot unload the + Gigaset drivers because it doesn't support more than one module per + driver. - If you have installed the command line tool gigacontr, you can enter - unimodem mode using - gigacontr --mode unimodem - You can switch back using - gigacontr --mode isdn +2.4. ISDN4Linux + ---------- + If the driver is compiled without CAPI support (native ISDN4Linux + variant), it registers the device with the legacy ISDN4Linux subsystem + after loading the module. It can then be used with ISDN4Linux + applications only. Most distributions provide some configuration utility + for setting up that subsystem. Otherwise you can use some HOWTOs like + http://www.linuxhaven.de/dlhp/HOWTO/DE-ISDN-HOWTO-5.html - You can also put the driver directly into Unimodem mode when it's loaded, - by passing the module parameter startmode=0 to the hardware specific - module, e.g. - modprobe usb_gigaset startmode=0 - or by adding a line like - options usb_gigaset startmode=0 - to an appropriate module configuration file, like /etc/modprobe.d/gigaset - or /etc/modprobe.conf.local. +2.5. Unimodem mode + ------------- In this mode the device works like a modem connected to a serial port (the /dev/ttyGU0, ... mentioned above) which understands the commands + ATZ init, reset => OK or ERROR ATD @@ -234,6 +215,31 @@ GigaSet 307x Device Driver to an appropriate module configuration file, like /etc/modprobe.d/gigaset or /etc/modprobe.conf.local. + Unimodem mode is needed for making some devices [e.g. SX100] work which + do not support the regular Gigaset command set. If debug output (see + section 3.2.) shows something like this when dialing: + CMD Received: ERROR + Available Params: 0 + Connection State: 0, Response: -1 + gigaset_process_response: resp_code -1 in ConState 0 ! + Timeout occurred + then switching to unimodem mode may help. + + If you have installed the command line tool gigacontr, you can enter + unimodem mode using + gigacontr --mode unimodem + You can switch back using + gigacontr --mode isdn + + You can also put the driver directly into Unimodem mode when it's loaded, + by passing the module parameter startmode=0 to the hardware specific + module, e.g. + modprobe usb_gigaset startmode=0 + or by adding a line like + options usb_gigaset startmode=0 + to an appropriate module configuration file, like /etc/modprobe.d/gigaset + or /etc/modprobe.conf.local. + 2.6. Call-ID (CID) mode ------------------ Call-IDs are numbers used to tag commands to, and responses from, the @@ -263,7 +269,22 @@ GigaSet 307x Device Driver change its CID mode while the driver is loaded, eg. echo 0 > /sys/class/tty/ttyGU0/cidmode -2.7. Unregistered Wireless Devices (M101/M105) +2.7. Dialing Numbers + --------------- + The called party number provided by an application for dialing out must + be a public network number according to the local dialing plan, without + any dial prefix for getting an outside line. + + Internal calls can be made by providing an internal extension number + prefixed with "**" (two asterisks) as the called party number. So to dial + eg. the first registered DECT handset, give "**11" as the called party + number. Dialing "***" (three asterisks) calls all extensions + simultaneously (global call). + + This holds for both CAPI 2.0 and ISDN4Linux applications. Unimodem mode + does not support internal calls. + +2.8. Unregistered Wireless Devices (M101/M105) ----------------------------------------- The main purpose of the ser_gigaset and usb_gigaset drivers is to allow the M101 and M105 wireless devices to be used as ISDN devices for ISDN diff --git a/Documentation/ja_JP/HOWTO b/Documentation/ja_JP/HOWTO index 5547698..b63301a 100644 --- a/Documentation/ja_JP/HOWTO +++ b/Documentation/ja_JP/HOWTO @@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ web サイトには、コードの構成、サブシステム、現在存在す あなたがどこからスタートして良いかわからないが、Linux カーネル開発コミュ ニティに参加して何かすることをさがしている場合には、Linux kernel Janitor's プロジェクトにいけば良いでしょう - - http://janitor.kernelnewbies.org/ + http://kernelnewbies.org/KernelJanitors ここはそのようなスタートをするのにうってつけの場所です。ここには、 Linux カーネルソースツリーの中に含まれる、きれいにし、修正しなければな らない、単純な問題のリストが記述されています。このプロジェクトに関わる diff --git a/Documentation/ja_JP/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/ja_JP/SubmittingPatches index a9dc124..f107c83 100644 --- a/Documentation/ja_JP/SubmittingPatches +++ b/Documentation/ja_JP/SubmittingPatches @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Quilt: http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/quilt Andrew Morton's patch scripts: -http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/ +http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/stuff/tpp.txt このリンクの先のスクリプトの代わりとして、quilt がパッチマネジメント ツールとして推奨されています(上のリンクを見てください)。 @@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ VGER.KERNEL.ORG でホスティングされているメーリングリストの ・移植性のないコードから移植性のあるコードへの置き換え(小さい範囲で あればアーキテクチャ特有のことでも他の人がコピーできます) ・作者やメンテナによる修正(すなわち patch monkey の再転送モード) -URL: <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/bunk/trivial/> +EMAIL: <trivial@kernel.org> 7) MIME やリンクや圧縮ファイルや添付ファイルではなくプレインテキストのみ @@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ gcc においては、マクロと同じくらい軽いです。 ---------------------- Andrew Morton, "The perfect patch" (tpp). - <http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/stuff/tpp.txt> + <http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/stuff/tpp.txt> Jeff Garzik, "Linux kernel patch submission format". <http://linux.yyz.us/patch-format.html> diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt b/Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt index 6f8c1ca..1e5165a 100644 --- a/Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt +++ b/Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt @@ -22,11 +22,33 @@ building C files and assembler files. KAFLAGS -------------------------------------------------- -Additional options to the assembler. +Additional options to the assembler (for built-in and modules). + +AFLAGS_MODULE +-------------------------------------------------- +Addtional module specific options to use for $(AS). + +AFLAGS_KERNEL +-------------------------------------------------- +Addtional options for $(AS) when used for assembler +code for code that is compiled as built-in. KCFLAGS -------------------------------------------------- -Additional options to the C compiler. +Additional options to the C compiler (for built-in and modules). + +CFLAGS_KERNEL +-------------------------------------------------- +Addtional options for $(CC) when used to compile +code that is compiled as built-in. + +CFLAGS_MODULE +-------------------------------------------------- +Addtional module specific options to use for $(CC). + +LDFLAGS_MODULE +-------------------------------------------------- +Additional options used for $(LD) when linking modules. KBUILD_VERBOSE -------------------------------------------------- @@ -40,15 +62,15 @@ Set the directory to look for the kernel source when building external modules. The directory can be specified in several ways: 1) Use "M=..." on the command line -2) Environmnet variable KBUILD_EXTMOD -3) Environmnet variable SUBDIRS +2) Environment variable KBUILD_EXTMOD +3) Environment variable SUBDIRS The possibilities are listed in the order they take precedence. Using "M=..." will always override the others. KBUILD_OUTPUT -------------------------------------------------- Specify the output directory when building the kernel. -The output directory can also be specificed using "O=...". +The output directory can also be specified using "O=...". Setting "O=..." takes precedence over KBUILD_OUTPUT. ARCH @@ -65,7 +87,7 @@ CROSS_COMPILE Specify an optional fixed part of the binutils filename. CROSS_COMPILE can be a part of the filename or the full path. -CROSS_COMPILE is also used for ccache is some setups. +CROSS_COMPILE is also used for ccache in some setups. CF -------------------------------------------------- @@ -90,7 +112,7 @@ The script will be called with the following arguments: $3 - kernel map file $4 - default install path (use root directory if blank) -The implmentation of "make install" is architecture specific +The implementation of "make install" is architecture specific and it may differ from the above. INSTALLKERNEL is provided to enable the possibility to @@ -162,3 +184,7 @@ For tags/TAGS/cscope targets, you can specify more than one arch to be included in the databases, separated by blank space. E.g.: $ make ALLSOURCE_ARCHS="x86 mips arm" tags + +To get all available archs you can also specify all. E.g.: + + $ make ALLSOURCE_ARCHS=all tags diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt b/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt index c412c24..b472e4e 100644 --- a/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt +++ b/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ Expressions are listed in decreasing order of precedence. (7) Returns the result of max(/expr/, /expr/). An expression can have a value of 'n', 'm' or 'y' (or 0, 1, 2 -respectively for calculations). A menu entry becomes visible when it's +respectively for calculations). A menu entry becomes visible when its expression evaluates to 'm' or 'y'. There are two types of symbols: constant and non-constant symbols. diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt b/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt index 49efae7..cca46b1 100644 --- a/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt +++ b/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ also use the environment variable KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG as a flag or a filename that contains config symbols that the user requires to be set to a specific value. If KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG is used without a filename, "make *config" checks for a file named -"all{yes/mod/no/random}.config" (corresponding to the *config command +"all{yes/mod/no/def/random}.config" (corresponding to the *config command that was used) for symbol values that are to be forced. If this file is not found, it checks for a file named "all.config" to contain forced values. @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Environment variables for 'silentoldconfig' KCONFIG_NOSILENTUPDATE -------------------------------------------------- If this variable has a non-blank value, it prevents silent kernel -config udpates (requires explicit updates). +config updates (requires explicit updates). KCONFIG_AUTOCONFIG -------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt b/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt index 71c602d..c375313 100644 --- a/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt +++ b/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ more details, with real examples. #drivers/isdn/i4l/Makefile # Makefile for the kernel ISDN subsystem and device drivers. # Each configuration option enables a list of files. - obj-$(CONFIG_ISDN) += isdn.o + obj-$(CONFIG_ISDN_I4L) += isdn.o obj-$(CONFIG_ISDN_PPP_BSDCOMP) += isdn_bsdcomp.o --- 3.3 Loadable module goals - obj-m @@ -187,34 +187,35 @@ more details, with real examples. Note: In this example $(CONFIG_ISDN_PPP_BSDCOMP) evaluates to 'm' If a kernel module is built from several source files, you specify - that you want to build a module in the same way as above. - - Kbuild needs to know which the parts that you want to build your - module from, so you have to tell it by setting an - $(<module_name>-objs) variable. + that you want to build a module in the same way as above; however, + kbuild needs to know which object files you want to build your + module from, so you have to tell it by setting a $(<module_name>-y) + variable. Example: #drivers/isdn/i4l/Makefile - obj-$(CONFIG_ISDN) += isdn.o - isdn-objs := isdn_net_lib.o isdn_v110.o isdn_common.o + obj-$(CONFIG_ISDN_I4L) += isdn.o + isdn-y := isdn_net_lib.o isdn_v110.o isdn_common.o In this example, the module name will be isdn.o. Kbuild will - compile the objects listed in $(isdn-objs) and then run + compile the objects listed in $(isdn-y) and then run "$(LD) -r" on the list of these files to generate isdn.o. - Kbuild recognises objects used for composite objects by the suffix - -objs, and the suffix -y. This allows the Makefiles to use - the value of a CONFIG_ symbol to determine if an object is part - of a composite object. + Due to kbuild recognizing $(<module_name>-y) for composite objects, + you can use the value of a CONFIG_ symbol to optionally include an + object file as part of a composite object. Example: #fs/ext2/Makefile - obj-$(CONFIG_EXT2_FS) += ext2.o - ext2-y := balloc.o bitmap.o - ext2-$(CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XATTR) += xattr.o + obj-$(CONFIG_EXT2_FS) += ext2.o + ext2-y := balloc.o dir.o file.o ialloc.o inode.o ioctl.o \ + namei.o super.o symlink.o + ext2-$(CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XATTR) += xattr.o xattr_user.o \ + xattr_trusted.o - In this example, xattr.o is only part of the composite object - ext2.o if $(CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XATTR) evaluates to 'y'. + In this example, xattr.o, xattr_user.o and xattr_trusted.o are only + part of the composite object ext2.o if $(CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XATTR) + evaluates to 'y'. Note: Of course, when you are building objects into the kernel, the syntax above will also work. So, if you have CONFIG_EXT2_FS=y, @@ -244,12 +245,12 @@ more details, with real examples. may contain both a built-in.o and a lib.a file. Example: - #arch/i386/lib/Makefile - lib-y := checksum.o delay.o + #arch/x86/lib/Makefile + lib-y := delay.o - This will create a library lib.a based on checksum.o and delay.o. - For kbuild to actually recognize that there is a lib.a being built, - the directory shall be listed in libs-y. + This will create a library lib.a based on delay.o. For kbuild to + actually recognize that there is a lib.a being built, the directory + shall be listed in libs-y. See also "6.3 List directories to visit when descending". Use of lib-y is normally restricted to lib/ and arch/*/lib. @@ -284,43 +285,40 @@ more details, with real examples. --- 3.7 Compilation flags ccflags-y, asflags-y and ldflags-y - The three flags listed above applies only to the kbuild makefile - where they are assigned. They are used for all the normal - cc, as and ld invocation happenign during a recursive build. + These three flags apply only to the kbuild makefile in which they + are assigned. They are used for all the normal cc, as and ld + invocations happening during a recursive build. Note: Flags with the same behaviour were previously named: EXTRA_CFLAGS, EXTRA_AFLAGS and EXTRA_LDFLAGS. - They are yet supported but their use are deprecated. + They are still supported but their usage is deprecated. - ccflags-y specifies options for compiling C files with $(CC). + ccflags-y specifies options for compiling with $(CC). Example: - # drivers/sound/emu10k1/Makefile - ccflags-y += -I$(obj) - ccflags-$(DEBUG) += -DEMU10K1_DEBUG - + # drivers/acpi/Makefile + ccflags-y := -Os + ccflags-$(CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG) += -DACPI_DEBUG_OUTPUT This variable is necessary because the top Makefile owns the variable $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) and uses it for compilation flags for the entire tree. - asflags-y is a similar string for per-directory options - when compiling assembly language source. + asflags-y specifies options for assembling with $(AS). Example: - #arch/x86_64/kernel/Makefile - asflags-y := -traditional - + #arch/sparc/kernel/Makefile + asflags-y := -ansi - ldflags-y is a string for per-directory options to $(LD). + ldflags-y specifies options for linking with $(LD). Example: - #arch/m68k/fpsp040/Makefile - ldflags-y := -x + #arch/cris/boot/compressed/Makefile + ldflags-y += -T $(srctree)/$(src)/decompress_$(arch-y).lds subdir-ccflags-y, subdir-asflags-y - The two flags listed above are similar to ccflags-y and as-falgs-y. - The difference is that the subdir- variants has effect for the kbuild - file where tey are present and all subdirectories. + The two flags listed above are similar to ccflags-y and asflags-y. + The difference is that the subdir- variants have effect for the kbuild + file where they are present and all subdirectories. Options specified using subdir-* are added to the commandline before the options specified using the non-subdir variants. @@ -340,18 +338,18 @@ more details, with real examples. CFLAGS_aha152x.o = -DAHA152X_STAT -DAUTOCONF CFLAGS_gdth.o = # -DDEBUG_GDTH=2 -D__SERIAL__ -D__COM2__ \ -DGDTH_STATISTICS - CFLAGS_seagate.o = -DARBITRATE -DPARITY -DSEAGATE_USE_ASM - These three lines specify compilation flags for aha152x.o, - gdth.o, and seagate.o + These two lines specify compilation flags for aha152x.o and gdth.o. $(AFLAGS_$@) is a similar feature for source files in assembly languages. Example: # arch/arm/kernel/Makefile - AFLAGS_head-armv.o := -DTEXTADDR=$(TEXTADDR) -traditional - AFLAGS_head-armo.o := -DTEXTADDR=$(TEXTADDR) -traditional + AFLAGS_head.o := -DTEXT_OFFSET=$(TEXT_OFFSET) + AFLAGS_crunch-bits.o := -Wa,-mcpu=ep9312 + AFLAGS_iwmmxt.o := -Wa,-mcpu=iwmmxt + --- 3.9 Dependency tracking @@ -923,16 +921,33 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly): The first example utilises the trick that a config option expands to 'y' when selected. - CFLAGS_KERNEL $(CC) options specific for built-in + KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL $(AS) options specific for built-in + + $(KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL) contains extra C compiler flags used to compile + resident kernel code. + + KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE Options for $(AS) when building modules + + $(KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE) is used to add arch specific options that + are used for $(AS). + From commandline AFLAGS_MODULE shall be used (see kbuild.txt). - $(CFLAGS_KERNEL) contains extra C compiler flags used to compile + KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL $(CC) options specific for built-in + + $(KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL) contains extra C compiler flags used to compile resident kernel code. - CFLAGS_MODULE $(CC) options specific for modules + KBUILD_CFLAGS_MODULE Options for $(CC) when building modules + + $(KBUILD_CFLAGS_MODULE) is used to add arch specific options that + are used for $(CC). + From commandline CFLAGS_MODULE shall be used (see kbuild.txt). - $(CFLAGS_MODULE) contains extra C compiler flags used to compile code - for loadable kernel modules. + KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE Options for $(LD) when linking modules + $(KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE) is used to add arch specific options + used when linking modules. This is often a linker script. + From commandline LDFLAGS_MODULE shall be used (see kbuild.txt). --- 6.2 Add prerequisites to archprepare: @@ -1176,14 +1191,14 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly): === 7 Kbuild syntax for exported headers The kernel include a set of headers that is exported to userspace. -Many headers can be exported as-is but other headers requires a +Many headers can be exported as-is but other headers require a minimal pre-processing before they are ready for user-space. The pre-processing does: - drop kernel specific annotations - drop include of compiler.h -- drop all sections that is kernel internat (guarded by ifdef __KERNEL__) +- drop all sections that are kernel internal (guarded by ifdef __KERNEL__) -Each relevant directory contain a file name "Kbuild" which specify the +Each relevant directory contains a file name "Kbuild" which specifies the headers to be exported. See subsequent chapter for the syntax of the Kbuild file. diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-docs.txt b/Documentation/kernel-docs.txt index 28cdc2a..715eaaf 100644 --- a/Documentation/kernel-docs.txt +++ b/Documentation/kernel-docs.txt @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ * Title: "Conceptual Architecture of the Linux Kernel" Author: Ivan T. Bowman. - URL: http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/~itbowman/papers/CS746G-a1.html + URL: http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/ Keywords: conceptual software architecture, extracted design, reverse engineering, system structure. Description: Conceptual software architecture of the Linux kernel, @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ * Title: "Concrete Architecture of the Linux Kernel" Author: Ivan T. Bowman, Saheem Siddiqi, and Meyer C. Tanuan. - URL: http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/~itbowman/papers/CS746G-a2.html + URL: http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/ Keywords: concrete architecture, extracted design, reverse engineering, system structure, dependencies. Description: Concrete architecture of the Linux kernel, @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ * Title: "Linux as a Case Study: Its Extracted Software Architecture" Author: Ivan T. Bowman, Richard C. Holt and Neil V. Brewster. - URL: http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/~itbowman/papers/linuxcase.html + URL: http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/ Keywords: software architecture, architecture recovery, redocumentation. Description: Paper appeared at ICSE'99, Los Angeles, May 16-22, @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ * Title: "Overview of the Virtual File System" Author: Richard Gooch. - URL: http://www.atnf.csiro.au/~rgooch/linux/vfs.txt + URL: http://www.mjmwired.net/kernel/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt Keywords: VFS, File System, mounting filesystems, opening files, dentries, dcache. Description: Brief introduction to the Linux Virtual File System. @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ Author: Ingo Molnar, Gadi Oxman and Miguel de Icaza. URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=2391 Keywords: RAID, MD driver. - Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is it's + Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its abstract: "A description of the implementation of the RAID-1, RAID-4 and RAID-5 personalities of the MD device driver in the Linux kernel, providing users with high performance and reliable, @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1219 Keywords: device driver, module, loading/unloading modules, allocating resources. - Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is it's + Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its abstract: "This is the first of a series of four articles co-authored by Alessandro Rubini and Georg Zezchwitz which present a practical approach to writing Linux device drivers as kernel @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ Keywords: character driver, init_module, clean_up module, autodetection, mayor number, minor number, file operations, open(), close(). - Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is it's + Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its abstract: "This article, the second of four, introduces part of the actual code to create custom module implementing a character device driver. It describes the code for module initialization and @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1221 Keywords: read(), write(), select(), ioctl(), blocking/non blocking mode, interrupt handler. - Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is it's + Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its abstract: "This article, the third of four on writing character device drivers, introduces concepts of reading, writing, and using ioctl-calls". @@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ Author: Alessandro Rubini and Georg v. Zezschwitz. URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1222 Keywords: interrupts, irqs, DMA, bottom halves, task queues. - Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is it's + Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its abstract: "This is the fourth in a series of articles about writing character device drivers as loadable kernel modules. This month, we further investigate the field of interrupt handling. @@ -267,15 +267,13 @@ * Title: "Kernel API changes from 2.0 to 2.2" Author: Richard Gooch. URL: - http://www.atnf.csiro.au/~rgooch/linux/docs/porting-to-2.2.html + http://www.linuxhq.com/guides/LKMPG/node28.html Keywords: 2.2, changes. Description: Kernel functions/structures/variables which changed from 2.0.x to 2.2.x. * Title: "Kernel API changes from 2.2 to 2.4" Author: Richard Gooch. - URL: - http://www.atnf.csiro.au/~rgooch/linux/docs/porting-to-2.4.html Keywords: 2.4, changes. Description: Kernel functions/structures/variables which changed from 2.2.x to 2.4.x. @@ -290,7 +288,6 @@ * Title: "I/O Event Handling Under Linux" Author: Richard Gooch. - URL: http://www.atnf.csiro.au/~rgooch/linux/docs/io-events.html Keywords: IO, I/O, select(2), poll(2), FDs, aio_read(2), readiness event queues. Description: From the Introduction: "I/O Event handling is about @@ -386,64 +383,64 @@ * Title: "Porting Device Drivers To Linux 2.2: part II" Author: Alan Cox. - URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-06/gear_01.html + URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/238 Keywords: ports, porting. Description: Second part on porting from 2.0 to 2.2 kernels. * Title: "How To Make Sure Your Driver Will Work On The Power Macintosh" Author: Paul Mackerras. - URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-07/gear_01.html + URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/261 Keywords: Mac, Power Macintosh, porting, drivers, compatibility. Description: The title says it all. * Title: "An Introduction to SCSI Drivers" Author: Alan Cox. - URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-08/gear_01.html + URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/284 Keywords: SCSI, device, driver. Description: The title says it all. * Title: "Advanced SCSI Drivers And Other Tales" Author: Alan Cox. - URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-09/gear_01.html + URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/307 Keywords: SCSI, device, driver, advanced. Description: The title says it all. * Title: "Writing Linux Mouse Drivers" Author: Alan Cox. - URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-10/gear_01.html + URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/330 Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm. Description: The title says it all. * Title: "More on Mouse Drivers" Author: Alan Cox. - URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-11/gear_01.html + URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/356 Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm, races, asynchronous I/O. Description: The title still says it all. * Title: "Writing Video4linux Radio Driver" Author: Alan Cox. - URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-12/gear_01.html + URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/381 Keywords: video4linux, driver, radio, radio devices. Description: The title says it all. * Title: "Video4linux Drivers, Part 1: Video-Capture Device" Author: Alan Cox. - URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/2000-01/gear_01.html + URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/406 Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices, camera driver. Description: The title says it all. * Title: "Video4linux Drivers, Part 2: Video-capture Devices" Author: Alan Cox. - URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/2000-02/gear_01.html + URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/429 Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices, camera driver, control, query capabilities, capability, facility. Description: The title says it all. * Title: "PCI Management in Linux 2.2" Author: Alan Cox. - URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/2000-03/gear_01.html + URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/452 Keywords: PCI, bus, bus-mastering. Description: The title says it all. @@ -502,7 +499,7 @@ * Title: "A Linux vm README" Author: Kanoj Sarcar. - URL: http://reality.sgi.com/kanoj_engr/vm229.html + URL: http://kos.enix.org/pub/linux-vmm.html Keywords: virtual memory, mm, pgd, vma, page, page flags, page cache, swap cache, kswapd. Description: Telegraphic, short descriptions and definitions @@ -659,7 +656,7 @@ * Name: "Linux Kernel Source Reference" Author: Thomas Graichen. - URL: http://innominate.org/~graichen/projects/lksr/ + URL: http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=96446640102205&w=4 Keywords: CVS, web, cvsweb, browsing source code. Description: Web interface to a CVS server with the kernel sources. "Here you can have a look at any file of the Linux kernel @@ -682,7 +679,7 @@ produced during the week. Published every Thursday. * Name: "Kernel Traffic" - URL: http://kt.zork.net/kernel-traffic/ + URL: http://kt.earth.li/kernel-traffic/index.html Keywords: linux-kernel mailing list, weekly kernel news. Description: Weekly newsletter covering the most relevant discussions of the linux-kernel mailing list. diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt index 839b21b..873b680 100644 --- a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt +++ b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt @@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ parameter is applicable: ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled. ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled. JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled. + KGDB Kernel debugger support is enabled. KVM Kernel Virtual Machine support is enabled. LIBATA Libata driver is enabled LP Printer support is enabled. @@ -72,7 +73,6 @@ parameter is applicable: MTD MTD (Memory Technology Device) support is enabled. NET Appropriate network support is enabled. NUMA NUMA support is enabled. - GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled. NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled. OSS OSS sound support is enabled. PV_OPS A paravirtualized kernel is enabled. @@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ parameter is applicable: Documentation/scsi/. SECURITY Different security models are enabled. SELINUX SELinux support is enabled. + APPARMOR AppArmor support is enabled. SERIAL Serial support is enabled. SH SuperH architecture is enabled. SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel. @@ -99,6 +100,7 @@ parameter is applicable: SWSUSP Software suspend (hibernation) is enabled. SUSPEND System suspend states are enabled. FTRACE Function tracing enabled. + TPM TPM drivers are enabled. TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled. UMS USB Mass Storage support is enabled. USB USB support is enabled. @@ -113,6 +115,7 @@ parameter is applicable: More X86-64 boot options can be found in Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt . X86 Either 32bit or 64bit x86 (same as X86-32+X86-64) + XEN Xen support is enabled In addition, the following text indicates that the option: @@ -143,14 +146,14 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file acpi= [HW,ACPI,X86] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface - Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq | rsdt } + Format: { force | off | strict | noirq | rsdt } force -- enable ACPI if default was off off -- disable ACPI if default was on noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing - ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not strictly ACPI specification compliant. rsdt -- prefer RSDT over (default) XSDT + copy_dsdt -- copy DSDT to memory See also Documentation/power/pm.txt, pci=noacpi @@ -252,8 +255,8 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file control method, with respect to putting devices into low power states, to be enforced (the ACPI 2.0 ordering of _PTS is used by default). - s4_nonvs prevents the kernel from saving/restoring the - ACPI NVS memory during hibernation. + nonvs prevents the kernel from saving/restoring the + ACPI NVS memory during suspend/hibernation and resume. sci_force_enable causes the kernel to set SCI_EN directly on resume from S1/S3 (which is against the ACPI spec, but some broken systems don't work without it). @@ -278,22 +281,12 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file no: ACPI OperationRegions are not marked as reserved, no further checks are performed. - ad1848= [HW,OSS] - Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type> - add_efi_memmap [EFI; X86] Include EFI memory map in kernel's map of available physical RAM. advansys= [HW,SCSI] See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c. - advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT - Format: <iostart>,<iostop> - - aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16 - Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq> - See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c. - agp= [AGP] { off | try_unsupported } off: disable AGP support @@ -312,6 +305,9 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file aic79xx= [HW,SCSI] See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt. + ALSA [HW,ALSA] + See Documentation/sound/alsa/alsa-parameters.txt + alignment= [KNL,ARM] Allow the default userspace alignment fault handler behaviour to be specified. Bit 0 enables warnings, @@ -324,6 +320,8 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file they are unmapped. Otherwise they are flushed before they will be reused, which is a lot of faster + off - do not initialize any AMD IOMMU found in + the system amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT @@ -467,7 +465,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT. Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr } - clocksource= [GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource + clocksource= Override the default clocksource Format: <string> Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource with the name specified. @@ -654,8 +652,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer Can be useful to work around chipset bugs. - dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers - dma_debug=off If the kernel is compiled with DMA_API_DEBUG support, this option disables the debugging code at boot. @@ -685,8 +681,11 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options. uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options] uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options] + uart[8250],mmio32,<addr>[,options] Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address. + MMIO inter-register address stride is either 8bit (mmio) + or 32bit (mmio32). The options are the same as for ttyS, above. earlyprintk= [X86,SH,BLACKFIN] @@ -708,6 +707,12 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real console. + ekgdboc= [X86,KGDB] Allow early kernel console debugging + ekgdboc=kbd + + This is desgined to be used in conjunction with + the boot argument: earlyprintk=vga + eata= [HW,SCSI] edd= [EDD] @@ -750,13 +755,14 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file Default value is 0. Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce. + erst_disable [ACPI] + Disable Error Record Serialization Table (ERST) + support. + ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details. - eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog. - Format: <io>[,<irq>] - failslab= fail_page_alloc= fail_make_request=[KNL] @@ -784,8 +790,12 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file as early as possible in order to facilitate early boot debugging. - ftrace_dump_on_oops + ftrace_dump_on_oops[=orig_cpu] [FTRACE] will dump the trace buffers on oops. + If no parameter is passed, ftrace will dump + buffers of all CPUs, but if you pass orig_cpu, it will + dump only the buffer of the CPU that triggered the + oops. ftrace_filter=[function-list] [FTRACE] Limit the functions traced by the function @@ -843,6 +853,11 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect> + hest_disable [ACPI] + Disable Hardware Error Source Table (HEST) support; + corresponding firmware-first mode error processing + logic will be disabled. + highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem @@ -900,9 +915,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file controller i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX controllers - i8042.panicblink= - [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink - when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec) i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock @@ -1112,10 +1124,29 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal zone if it does not. - kgdboc= [HW] kgdb over consoles. - Requires a tty driver that supports console polling. - (only serial supported for now) - Format: <serial_device>[,baud] + kgdbdbgp= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over EHCI usb debug port. + Format: <Controller#>[,poll interval] + The controller # is the number of the ehci usb debug + port as it is probed via PCI. The poll interval is + optional and is the number seconds in between + each poll cycle to the debug port in case you need + the functionality for interrupting the kernel with + gdb or control-c on the dbgp connection. When + not using this parameter you use sysrq-g to break into + the kernel debugger. + + kgdboc= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over consoles. + Requires a tty driver that supports console polling, + or a supported polling keyboard driver (non-usb). + Serial only format: <serial_device>[,baud] + keyboard only format: kbd + keyboard and serial format: kbd,<serial_device>[,baud] + Optional Kernel mode setting: + kms, kbd format: kms,kbd + kms, kbd and serial format: kms,kbd,<ser_dev>[,baud] + + kgdbwait [KGDB] Stop kernel execution and enter the + kernel debugger at the earliest opportunity. kmac= [MIPS] korina ethernet MAC address. Configure the RouterBoard 532 series on-chip @@ -1227,10 +1258,12 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file * nohrst, nosrst, norst: suppress hard, soft and both resets. + * dump_id: dump IDENTIFY data. + If there are multiple matching configurations changing the same attribute, the last one is used. - lmb=debug [KNL] Enable lmb debug messages. + memblock=debug [KNL] Enable memblock debug messages. load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt. @@ -1488,9 +1521,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file that the amount of memory usable for all allocations is not too small. - mpu401= [HW,OSS] - Format: <io>,<irq> - MTD_Partition= [MTD] Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset> @@ -1562,8 +1592,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file [NETFILTER] Enable connection tracking flow accounting 0 to disable accounting 1 to enable accounting - Default value depends on CONFIG_NF_CT_ACCT that is - going to be removed in 2.6.29. + Default value is 0. nfsaddrs= [NFS] See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt. @@ -1777,6 +1806,8 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem + nowatchdog [KNL] Disable the lockup detector. + nowb [ARM] nox2apic [X86-64,APIC] Do not enable x2APIC mode. @@ -1814,9 +1845,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file For example, to override I2C bus2: omap_mux=i2c2_scl.i2c2_scl=0x100,i2c2_sda.i2c2_sda=0x100 - opl3= [HW,OSS] - Format: <io> - oprofile.timer= [HW] Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters @@ -1828,6 +1856,9 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file perfmon on Intel CPUs instead of the CPU specific event set. + OSS [HW,OSS] + See Documentation/sound/oss/oss-parameters.txt + osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold> See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt. @@ -1864,9 +1895,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips. Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp] - pas2= [HW,OSS] Format: - <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16> - pas16= [HW,SCSI] See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c. @@ -1935,6 +1963,8 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file norom [X86] Do not assign address space to expansion ROMs that do not already have BIOS assigned address ranges. + nobar [X86] Do not assign address space to the + BARs that weren't assigned by the BIOS. irqmask=0xMMMM [X86] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards @@ -2013,7 +2043,9 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file WARNING: Forcing ASPM on may cause system lockups. pcie_pme= [PCIE,PM] Native PCIe PME signaling options: - off Do not use native PCIe PME signaling. + Format: {auto|force}[,nomsi] + auto Use native PCIe PME signaling if the BIOS allows the + kernel to control PCIe config registers of root ports. force Use native PCIe PME signaling even if the BIOS refuses to allow the kernel to control the relevant PCIe config registers. @@ -2134,10 +2166,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat. 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default). - pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614) - Format: - <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq> - pt. [PARIDE] See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt. @@ -2236,9 +2264,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file sched_debug [KNL] Enables verbose scheduler debug messages. - sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver - Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]] - scsi_debug_*= [SCSI] See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c. @@ -2278,6 +2303,13 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used later to disable prior to initial policy load. + apparmor= [APPARMOR] Disable or enable AppArmor at boot time + Format: { "0" | "1" } + See security/apparmor/Kconfig help text + 0 -- disable. + 1 -- enable. + Default value is set via kernel config option. + serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32] shapers= [NET] @@ -2349,128 +2381,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file 1: Fast pin select (default) 2: ATC IRMode - snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-als100= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-es968= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-hdsp= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-interwave-stb= - [HW,ALSA] - - snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-opti92x-ad1848= - [HW,ALSA] - - snd-opti92x-cs4231= - [HW,ALSA] - - snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-pmac= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-sb8= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-sb16= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-serial= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-sun-amd7930= - [HW,ALSA] - - snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-trident= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB] - - snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA] - - snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA] - softlockup_panic= [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics. @@ -2485,9 +2395,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file spia_pedr= spia_peddr= - sscape= [HW,OSS] - Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq> - st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.) See Documentation/scsi/st.txt. @@ -2610,6 +2517,15 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file tp720= [HW,PS2] + tpm_suspend_pcr=[HW,TPM] + Format: integer pcr id + Specify that at suspend time, the tpm driver + should extend the specified pcr with zeros, + as a workaround for some chips which fail to + flush the last written pcr on TPM_SaveState. + This will guarantee that all the other pcrs + are saved. + trace_buf_size=nn[KMG] [FTRACE] will set tracing buffer size. @@ -2618,10 +2534,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file to facilitate early boot debugging. See also Documentation/trace/events.txt - trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro - Format: - <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq> - tsc= Disable clocksource-must-verify flag for TSC. Format: <string> [x86] reliable: mark tsc clocksource as reliable, this @@ -2638,12 +2550,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c. - uart401= [HW,OSS] - Format: <io>,<irq> - - uart6850= [HW,OSS] - Format: <io>,<irq> - uhash_entries= [KNL,NET] Set number of hash buckets for UDP/UDP-Lite connections @@ -2809,17 +2715,16 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file overridden by individual drivers. 0 will hide cursors, 1 will display them. - waveartist= [HW,OSS] - Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2> - wd33c93= [HW,SCSI] See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c. wd7000= [HW,SCSI] See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c. - wdt= [WDT] Watchdog - See Documentation/watchdog/wdt.txt. + watchdog timers [HW,WDT] For information on watchdog timers, + see Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-parameters.txt + or other driver-specific files in the + Documentation/watchdog/ directory. x2apic_phys [X86-64,APIC] Use x2apic physical mode instead of default x2apic cluster mode on platforms @@ -2834,6 +2739,16 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks. xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c. + xen_emul_unplug= [HW,X86,XEN] + Unplug Xen emulated devices + Format: [unplug0,][unplug1] + ide-disks -- unplug primary master IDE devices + aux-ide-disks -- unplug non-primary-master IDE devices + nics -- unplug network devices + all -- unplug all emulated devices (NICs and IDE disks) + ignore -- continue loading the Xen platform PCI driver even + if the version check failed + xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA] Format: <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]] @@ -2842,5 +2757,4 @@ ______________________________________________________________________ TODO: - Add documentation for ALSA options. Add more DRM drivers. diff --git a/Documentation/ko_KR/HOWTO b/Documentation/ko_KR/HOWTO index 029fca9..e3a55b6 100644 --- a/Documentation/ko_KR/HOWTO +++ b/Documentation/ko_KR/HOWTO @@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ mtk.manpages@gmail.com의 메인테이너에게 보낼 것을 권장한다. 올바른 패치들을 만드는 법에 관한 훌륭한 다른 문서들이 있다. "The Perfect Patch" - http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/stuff/tpp.txt + http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/stuff/tpp.txt "Linux kernel patch submission format" http://linux.yyz.us/patch-format.html @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ Documentation/DocBook/ 디렉토리 내에서 만들어지며 PDF, Postscript, H 여러분이 어디서 시작해야 할진 모르지만 커널 개발 커뮤니티에 참여할 수 있는 일들을 찾길 원한다면 리눅스 커널 Janitor 프로젝트를 살펴봐라. - http://janitor.kernelnewbies.org/ + http://kernelnewbies.org/KernelJanitors 그곳은 시작하기에 훌륭한 장소이다. 그곳은 리눅스 커널 소스 트리내에 간단히 정리되고 수정될 수 있는 문제들에 관하여 설명한다. 여러분은 이 프로젝트를 대표하는 개발자들과 일하면서 자신의 패치를 리눅스 커널 트리에 @@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ Pat이라는 이름을 가진 여자가 있을 수도 있는 것이다. 리눅 이것이 무엇인지 더 자세한 것을 알고 싶다면 다음 문서의 ChageLog 항을 봐라. "The Perfect Patch" - http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/stuff/tpp.txt + http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/stuff/tpp.txt @@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ Pat이라는 이름을 가진 여자가 있을 수도 있는 것이다. 리눅 ---------- -"개발 프로세스"(http://linux.tar.gz/articles/2.6-development_process) 섹션을 +"개발 프로세스"(http://lwn.net/Articles/94386/) 섹션을 작성하는데 있어 참고할 문서를 사용하도록 허락해준 Paolo Ciarrocchi에게 감사한다. 여러분들이 말해야 할 것과 말해서는 안되는 것의 목록 중 일부를 제공해준 Randy Dunlap과 Gerrit Huizenga에게 감사한다. 또한 검토와 의견 그리고 diff --git a/Documentation/kprobes.txt b/Documentation/kprobes.txt index 2f9115c..1762b81 100644 --- a/Documentation/kprobes.txt +++ b/Documentation/kprobes.txt @@ -165,8 +165,8 @@ the user entry_handler invocation is also skipped. 1.4 How Does Jump Optimization Work? -If you configured your kernel with CONFIG_OPTPROBES=y (currently -this option is supported on x86/x86-64, non-preemptive kernel) and +If your kernel is built with CONFIG_OPTPROBES=y (currently this flag +is automatically set 'y' on x86/x86-64, non-preemptive kernel) and the "debug.kprobes_optimization" kernel parameter is set to 1 (see sysctl(8)), Kprobes tries to reduce probe-hit overhead by using a jump instruction instead of a breakpoint instruction at each probepoint. @@ -271,8 +271,6 @@ tweak the kernel's execution path, you need to suppress optimization, using one of the following techniques: - Specify an empty function for the kprobe's post_handler or break_handler. or -- Config CONFIG_OPTPROBES=n. - or - Execute 'sysctl -w debug.kprobes_optimization=n' 2. Architectures Supported @@ -287,6 +285,7 @@ architectures: - sparc64 (Return probes not yet implemented.) - arm - ppc +- mips 3. Configuring Kprobes @@ -307,10 +306,6 @@ it useful to "Compile the kernel with debug info" (CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO), so you can use "objdump -d -l vmlinux" to see the source-to-object code mapping. -If you want to reduce probing overhead, set "Kprobes jump optimization -support" (CONFIG_OPTPROBES) to "y". You can find this option under the -"Kprobes" line. - 4. API Reference The Kprobes API includes a "register" function and an "unregister" @@ -332,7 +327,7 @@ occurs during execution of kp->pre_handler or kp->post_handler, or during single-stepping of the probed instruction, Kprobes calls kp->fault_handler. Any or all handlers can be NULL. If kp->flags is set KPROBE_FLAG_DISABLED, that kp will be registered but disabled, -so, it's handlers aren't hit until calling enable_kprobe(kp). +so, its handlers aren't hit until calling enable_kprobe(kp). NOTE: 1. With the introduction of the "symbol_name" field to struct kprobe, diff --git a/Documentation/kvm/api.txt b/Documentation/kvm/api.txt index c6416a3..5f5b649 100644 --- a/Documentation/kvm/api.txt +++ b/Documentation/kvm/api.txt @@ -126,6 +126,10 @@ user fills in the size of the indices array in nmsrs, and in return kvm adjusts nmsrs to reflect the actual number of msrs and fills in the indices array with their numbers. +Note: if kvm indicates supports MCE (KVM_CAP_MCE), then the MCE bank MSRs are +not returned in the MSR list, as different vcpus can have a different number +of banks, as set via the KVM_X86_SETUP_MCE ioctl. + 4.4 KVM_CHECK_EXTENSION Capability: basic @@ -160,29 +164,7 @@ Type: vm ioctl Parameters: struct kvm_memory_region (in) Returns: 0 on success, -1 on error -struct kvm_memory_region { - __u32 slot; - __u32 flags; - __u64 guest_phys_addr; - __u64 memory_size; /* bytes */ -}; - -/* for kvm_memory_region::flags */ -#define KVM_MEM_LOG_DIRTY_PAGES 1UL - -This ioctl allows the user to create or modify a guest physical memory -slot. When changing an existing slot, it may be moved in the guest -physical memory space, or its flags may be modified. It may not be -resized. Slots may not overlap. - -The flags field supports just one flag, KVM_MEM_LOG_DIRTY_PAGES, which -instructs kvm to keep track of writes to memory within the slot. See -the KVM_GET_DIRTY_LOG ioctl. - -It is recommended to use the KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION ioctl instead -of this API, if available. This newer API allows placing guest memory -at specified locations in the host address space, yielding better -control and easy access. +This ioctl is obsolete and has been removed. 4.6 KVM_CREATE_VCPU @@ -226,17 +208,7 @@ Type: vm ioctl Parameters: struct kvm_memory_alias (in) Returns: 0 (success), -1 (error) -struct kvm_memory_alias { - __u32 slot; /* this has a different namespace than memory slots */ - __u32 flags; - __u64 guest_phys_addr; - __u64 memory_size; - __u64 target_phys_addr; -}; - -Defines a guest physical address space region as an alias to another -region. Useful for aliased address, for example the VGA low memory -window. Should not be used with userspace memory. +This ioctl is obsolete and has been removed. 4.9 KVM_RUN @@ -656,6 +628,7 @@ struct kvm_clock_data { 4.29 KVM_GET_VCPU_EVENTS Capability: KVM_CAP_VCPU_EVENTS +Extended by: KVM_CAP_INTR_SHADOW Architectures: x86 Type: vm ioctl Parameters: struct kvm_vcpu_event (out) @@ -676,7 +649,7 @@ struct kvm_vcpu_events { __u8 injected; __u8 nr; __u8 soft; - __u8 pad; + __u8 shadow; } interrupt; struct { __u8 injected; @@ -688,9 +661,13 @@ struct kvm_vcpu_events { __u32 flags; }; +KVM_VCPUEVENT_VALID_SHADOW may be set in the flags field to signal that +interrupt.shadow contains a valid state. Otherwise, this field is undefined. + 4.30 KVM_SET_VCPU_EVENTS Capability: KVM_CAP_VCPU_EVENTS +Extended by: KVM_CAP_INTR_SHADOW Architectures: x86 Type: vm ioctl Parameters: struct kvm_vcpu_event (in) @@ -709,6 +686,351 @@ current in-kernel state. The bits are: KVM_VCPUEVENT_VALID_NMI_PENDING - transfer nmi.pending to the kernel KVM_VCPUEVENT_VALID_SIPI_VECTOR - transfer sipi_vector +If KVM_CAP_INTR_SHADOW is available, KVM_VCPUEVENT_VALID_SHADOW can be set in +the flags field to signal that interrupt.shadow contains a valid state and +shall be written into the VCPU. + +4.32 KVM_GET_DEBUGREGS + +Capability: KVM_CAP_DEBUGREGS +Architectures: x86 +Type: vm ioctl +Parameters: struct kvm_debugregs (out) +Returns: 0 on success, -1 on error + +Reads debug registers from the vcpu. + +struct kvm_debugregs { + __u64 db[4]; + __u64 dr6; + __u64 dr7; + __u64 flags; + __u64 reserved[9]; +}; + +4.33 KVM_SET_DEBUGREGS + +Capability: KVM_CAP_DEBUGREGS +Architectures: x86 +Type: vm ioctl +Parameters: struct kvm_debugregs (in) +Returns: 0 on success, -1 on error + +Writes debug registers into the vcpu. + +See KVM_GET_DEBUGREGS for the data structure. The flags field is unused +yet and must be cleared on entry. + +4.34 KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION + +Capability: KVM_CAP_USER_MEM +Architectures: all +Type: vm ioctl +Parameters: struct kvm_userspace_memory_region (in) +Returns: 0 on success, -1 on error + +struct kvm_userspace_memory_region { + __u32 slot; + __u32 flags; + __u64 guest_phys_addr; + __u64 memory_size; /* bytes */ + __u64 userspace_addr; /* start of the userspace allocated memory */ +}; + +/* for kvm_memory_region::flags */ +#define KVM_MEM_LOG_DIRTY_PAGES 1UL + +This ioctl allows the user to create or modify a guest physical memory +slot. When changing an existing slot, it may be moved in the guest +physical memory space, or its flags may be modified. It may not be +resized. Slots may not overlap in guest physical address space. + +Memory for the region is taken starting at the address denoted by the +field userspace_addr, which must point at user addressable memory for +the entire memory slot size. Any object may back this memory, including +anonymous memory, ordinary files, and hugetlbfs. + +It is recommended that the lower 21 bits of guest_phys_addr and userspace_addr +be identical. This allows large pages in the guest to be backed by large +pages in the host. + +The flags field supports just one flag, KVM_MEM_LOG_DIRTY_PAGES, which +instructs kvm to keep track of writes to memory within the slot. See +the KVM_GET_DIRTY_LOG ioctl. + +When the KVM_CAP_SYNC_MMU capability, changes in the backing of the memory +region are automatically reflected into the guest. For example, an mmap() +that affects the region will be made visible immediately. Another example +is madvise(MADV_DROP). + +It is recommended to use this API instead of the KVM_SET_MEMORY_REGION ioctl. +The KVM_SET_MEMORY_REGION does not allow fine grained control over memory +allocation and is deprecated. + +4.35 KVM_SET_TSS_ADDR + +Capability: KVM_CAP_SET_TSS_ADDR +Architectures: x86 +Type: vm ioctl +Parameters: unsigned long tss_address (in) +Returns: 0 on success, -1 on error + +This ioctl defines the physical address of a three-page region in the guest +physical address space. The region must be within the first 4GB of the +guest physical address space and must not conflict with any memory slot +or any mmio address. The guest may malfunction if it accesses this memory +region. + +This ioctl is required on Intel-based hosts. This is needed on Intel hardware +because of a quirk in the virtualization implementation (see the internals +documentation when it pops into existence). + +4.36 KVM_ENABLE_CAP + +Capability: KVM_CAP_ENABLE_CAP +Architectures: ppc +Type: vcpu ioctl +Parameters: struct kvm_enable_cap (in) +Returns: 0 on success; -1 on error + ++Not all extensions are enabled by default. Using this ioctl the application +can enable an extension, making it available to the guest. + +On systems that do not support this ioctl, it always fails. On systems that +do support it, it only works for extensions that are supported for enablement. + +To check if a capability can be enabled, the KVM_CHECK_EXTENSION ioctl should +be used. + +struct kvm_enable_cap { + /* in */ + __u32 cap; + +The capability that is supposed to get enabled. + + __u32 flags; + +A bitfield indicating future enhancements. Has to be 0 for now. + + __u64 args[4]; + +Arguments for enabling a feature. If a feature needs initial values to +function properly, this is the place to put them. + + __u8 pad[64]; +}; + +4.37 KVM_GET_MP_STATE + +Capability: KVM_CAP_MP_STATE +Architectures: x86, ia64 +Type: vcpu ioctl +Parameters: struct kvm_mp_state (out) +Returns: 0 on success; -1 on error + +struct kvm_mp_state { + __u32 mp_state; +}; + +Returns the vcpu's current "multiprocessing state" (though also valid on +uniprocessor guests). + +Possible values are: + + - KVM_MP_STATE_RUNNABLE: the vcpu is currently running + - KVM_MP_STATE_UNINITIALIZED: the vcpu is an application processor (AP) + which has not yet received an INIT signal + - KVM_MP_STATE_INIT_RECEIVED: the vcpu has received an INIT signal, and is + now ready for a SIPI + - KVM_MP_STATE_HALTED: the vcpu has executed a HLT instruction and + is waiting for an interrupt + - KVM_MP_STATE_SIPI_RECEIVED: the vcpu has just received a SIPI (vector + accesible via KVM_GET_VCPU_EVENTS) + +This ioctl is only useful after KVM_CREATE_IRQCHIP. Without an in-kernel +irqchip, the multiprocessing state must be maintained by userspace. + +4.38 KVM_SET_MP_STATE + +Capability: KVM_CAP_MP_STATE +Architectures: x86, ia64 +Type: vcpu ioctl +Parameters: struct kvm_mp_state (in) +Returns: 0 on success; -1 on error + +Sets the vcpu's current "multiprocessing state"; see KVM_GET_MP_STATE for +arguments. + +This ioctl is only useful after KVM_CREATE_IRQCHIP. Without an in-kernel +irqchip, the multiprocessing state must be maintained by userspace. + +4.39 KVM_SET_IDENTITY_MAP_ADDR + +Capability: KVM_CAP_SET_IDENTITY_MAP_ADDR +Architectures: x86 +Type: vm ioctl +Parameters: unsigned long identity (in) +Returns: 0 on success, -1 on error + +This ioctl defines the physical address of a one-page region in the guest +physical address space. The region must be within the first 4GB of the +guest physical address space and must not conflict with any memory slot +or any mmio address. The guest may malfunction if it accesses this memory +region. + +This ioctl is required on Intel-based hosts. This is needed on Intel hardware +because of a quirk in the virtualization implementation (see the internals +documentation when it pops into existence). + +4.40 KVM_SET_BOOT_CPU_ID + +Capability: KVM_CAP_SET_BOOT_CPU_ID +Architectures: x86, ia64 +Type: vm ioctl +Parameters: unsigned long vcpu_id +Returns: 0 on success, -1 on error + +Define which vcpu is the Bootstrap Processor (BSP). Values are the same +as the vcpu id in KVM_CREATE_VCPU. If this ioctl is not called, the default +is vcpu 0. + +4.41 KVM_GET_XSAVE + +Capability: KVM_CAP_XSAVE +Architectures: x86 +Type: vcpu ioctl +Parameters: struct kvm_xsave (out) +Returns: 0 on success, -1 on error + +struct kvm_xsave { + __u32 region[1024]; +}; + +This ioctl would copy current vcpu's xsave struct to the userspace. + +4.42 KVM_SET_XSAVE + +Capability: KVM_CAP_XSAVE +Architectures: x86 +Type: vcpu ioctl +Parameters: struct kvm_xsave (in) +Returns: 0 on success, -1 on error + +struct kvm_xsave { + __u32 region[1024]; +}; + +This ioctl would copy userspace's xsave struct to the kernel. + +4.43 KVM_GET_XCRS + +Capability: KVM_CAP_XCRS +Architectures: x86 +Type: vcpu ioctl +Parameters: struct kvm_xcrs (out) +Returns: 0 on success, -1 on error + +struct kvm_xcr { + __u32 xcr; + __u32 reserved; + __u64 value; +}; + +struct kvm_xcrs { + __u32 nr_xcrs; + __u32 flags; + struct kvm_xcr xcrs[KVM_MAX_XCRS]; + __u64 padding[16]; +}; + +This ioctl would copy current vcpu's xcrs to the userspace. + +4.44 KVM_SET_XCRS + +Capability: KVM_CAP_XCRS +Architectures: x86 +Type: vcpu ioctl +Parameters: struct kvm_xcrs (in) +Returns: 0 on success, -1 on error + +struct kvm_xcr { + __u32 xcr; + __u32 reserved; + __u64 value; +}; + +struct kvm_xcrs { + __u32 nr_xcrs; + __u32 flags; + struct kvm_xcr xcrs[KVM_MAX_XCRS]; + __u64 padding[16]; +}; + +This ioctl would set vcpu's xcr to the value userspace specified. + +4.45 KVM_GET_SUPPORTED_CPUID + +Capability: KVM_CAP_EXT_CPUID +Architectures: x86 +Type: system ioctl +Parameters: struct kvm_cpuid2 (in/out) +Returns: 0 on success, -1 on error + +struct kvm_cpuid2 { + __u32 nent; + __u32 padding; + struct kvm_cpuid_entry2 entries[0]; +}; + +#define KVM_CPUID_FLAG_SIGNIFCANT_INDEX 1 +#define KVM_CPUID_FLAG_STATEFUL_FUNC 2 +#define KVM_CPUID_FLAG_STATE_READ_NEXT 4 + +struct kvm_cpuid_entry2 { + __u32 function; + __u32 index; + __u32 flags; + __u32 eax; + __u32 ebx; + __u32 ecx; + __u32 edx; + __u32 padding[3]; +}; + +This ioctl returns x86 cpuid features which are supported by both the hardware +and kvm. Userspace can use the information returned by this ioctl to +construct cpuid information (for KVM_SET_CPUID2) that is consistent with +hardware, kernel, and userspace capabilities, and with user requirements (for +example, the user may wish to constrain cpuid to emulate older hardware, +or for feature consistency across a cluster). + +Userspace invokes KVM_GET_SUPPORTED_CPUID by passing a kvm_cpuid2 structure +with the 'nent' field indicating the number of entries in the variable-size +array 'entries'. If the number of entries is too low to describe the cpu +capabilities, an error (E2BIG) is returned. If the number is too high, +the 'nent' field is adjusted and an error (ENOMEM) is returned. If the +number is just right, the 'nent' field is adjusted to the number of valid +entries in the 'entries' array, which is then filled. + +The entries returned are the host cpuid as returned by the cpuid instruction, +with unknown or unsupported features masked out. The fields in each entry +are defined as follows: + + function: the eax value used to obtain the entry + index: the ecx value used to obtain the entry (for entries that are + affected by ecx) + flags: an OR of zero or more of the following: + KVM_CPUID_FLAG_SIGNIFCANT_INDEX: + if the index field is valid + KVM_CPUID_FLAG_STATEFUL_FUNC: + if cpuid for this function returns different values for successive + invocations; there will be several entries with the same function, + all with this flag set + KVM_CPUID_FLAG_STATE_READ_NEXT: + for KVM_CPUID_FLAG_STATEFUL_FUNC entries, set if this entry is + the first entry to be read by a cpu + eax, ebx, ecx, edx: the values returned by the cpuid instruction for + this function/index combination 5. The kvm_run structure @@ -820,6 +1142,13 @@ executed a memory-mapped I/O instruction which could not be satisfied by kvm. The 'data' member contains the written data if 'is_write' is true, and should be filled by application code otherwise. +NOTE: For KVM_EXIT_IO, KVM_EXIT_MMIO and KVM_EXIT_OSI, the corresponding +operations are complete (and guest state is consistent) only after userspace +has re-entered the kernel with KVM_RUN. The kernel side will first finish +incomplete operations and then check for pending signals. Userspace +can re-enter the guest with an unmasked signal pending to complete +pending operations. + /* KVM_EXIT_HYPERCALL */ struct { __u64 nr; @@ -829,7 +1158,9 @@ true, and should be filled by application code otherwise. __u32 pad; } hypercall; -Unused. +Unused. This was once used for 'hypercall to userspace'. To implement +such functionality, use KVM_EXIT_IO (x86) or KVM_EXIT_MMIO (all except s390). +Note KVM_EXIT_IO is significantly faster than KVM_EXIT_MMIO. /* KVM_EXIT_TPR_ACCESS */ struct { @@ -870,6 +1201,19 @@ s390 specific. powerpc specific. + /* KVM_EXIT_OSI */ + struct { + __u64 gprs[32]; + } osi; + +MOL uses a special hypercall interface it calls 'OSI'. To enable it, we catch +hypercalls and exit with this exit struct that contains all the guest gprs. + +If exit_reason is KVM_EXIT_OSI, then the vcpu has triggered such a hypercall. +Userspace can now handle the hypercall and when it's done modify the gprs as +necessary. Upon guest entry all guest GPRs will then be replaced by the values +in this struct. + /* Fix the size of the union. */ char padding[256]; }; diff --git a/Documentation/kvm/cpuid.txt b/Documentation/kvm/cpuid.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..14a12ea --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/kvm/cpuid.txt @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +KVM CPUID bits +Glauber Costa <glommer@redhat.com>, Red Hat Inc, 2010 +===================================================== + +A guest running on a kvm host, can check some of its features using +cpuid. This is not always guaranteed to work, since userspace can +mask-out some, or even all KVM-related cpuid features before launching +a guest. + +KVM cpuid functions are: + +function: KVM_CPUID_SIGNATURE (0x40000000) +returns : eax = 0, + ebx = 0x4b4d564b, + ecx = 0x564b4d56, + edx = 0x4d. +Note that this value in ebx, ecx and edx corresponds to the string "KVMKVMKVM". +This function queries the presence of KVM cpuid leafs. + + +function: define KVM_CPUID_FEATURES (0x40000001) +returns : ebx, ecx, edx = 0 + eax = and OR'ed group of (1 << flag), where each flags is: + + +flag || value || meaning +============================================================================= +KVM_FEATURE_CLOCKSOURCE || 0 || kvmclock available at msrs + || || 0x11 and 0x12. +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +KVM_FEATURE_NOP_IO_DELAY || 1 || not necessary to perform delays + || || on PIO operations. +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +KVM_FEATURE_MMU_OP || 2 || deprecated. +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +KVM_FEATURE_CLOCKSOURCE2 || 3 || kvmclock available at msrs + || || 0x4b564d00 and 0x4b564d01 +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +KVM_FEATURE_CLOCKSOURCE_STABLE_BIT || 24 || host will warn if no guest-side + || || per-cpu warps are expected in + || || kvmclock. +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ diff --git a/Documentation/kvm/mmu.txt b/Documentation/kvm/mmu.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..142cc51 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/kvm/mmu.txt @@ -0,0 +1,348 @@ +The x86 kvm shadow mmu +====================== + +The mmu (in arch/x86/kvm, files mmu.[ch] and paging_tmpl.h) is responsible +for presenting a standard x86 mmu to the guest, while translating guest +physical addresses to host physical addresses. + +The mmu code attempts to satisfy the following requirements: + +- correctness: the guest should not be able to determine that it is running + on an emulated mmu except for timing (we attempt to comply + with the specification, not emulate the characteristics of + a particular implementation such as tlb size) +- security: the guest must not be able to touch host memory not assigned + to it +- performance: minimize the performance penalty imposed by the mmu +- scaling: need to scale to large memory and large vcpu guests +- hardware: support the full range of x86 virtualization hardware +- integration: Linux memory management code must be in control of guest memory + so that swapping, page migration, page merging, transparent + hugepages, and similar features work without change +- dirty tracking: report writes to guest memory to enable live migration + and framebuffer-based displays +- footprint: keep the amount of pinned kernel memory low (most memory + should be shrinkable) +- reliablity: avoid multipage or GFP_ATOMIC allocations + +Acronyms +======== + +pfn host page frame number +hpa host physical address +hva host virtual address +gfn guest frame number +gpa guest physical address +gva guest virtual address +ngpa nested guest physical address +ngva nested guest virtual address +pte page table entry (used also to refer generically to paging structure + entries) +gpte guest pte (referring to gfns) +spte shadow pte (referring to pfns) +tdp two dimensional paging (vendor neutral term for NPT and EPT) + +Virtual and real hardware supported +=================================== + +The mmu supports first-generation mmu hardware, which allows an atomic switch +of the current paging mode and cr3 during guest entry, as well as +two-dimensional paging (AMD's NPT and Intel's EPT). The emulated hardware +it exposes is the traditional 2/3/4 level x86 mmu, with support for global +pages, pae, pse, pse36, cr0.wp, and 1GB pages. Work is in progress to support +exposing NPT capable hardware on NPT capable hosts. + +Translation +=========== + +The primary job of the mmu is to program the processor's mmu to translate +addresses for the guest. Different translations are required at different +times: + +- when guest paging is disabled, we translate guest physical addresses to + host physical addresses (gpa->hpa) +- when guest paging is enabled, we translate guest virtual addresses, to + guest physical addresses, to host physical addresses (gva->gpa->hpa) +- when the guest launches a guest of its own, we translate nested guest + virtual addresses, to nested guest physical addresses, to guest physical + addresses, to host physical addresses (ngva->ngpa->gpa->hpa) + +The primary challenge is to encode between 1 and 3 translations into hardware +that support only 1 (traditional) and 2 (tdp) translations. When the +number of required translations matches the hardware, the mmu operates in +direct mode; otherwise it operates in shadow mode (see below). + +Memory +====== + +Guest memory (gpa) is part of the user address space of the process that is +using kvm. Userspace defines the translation between guest addresses and user +addresses (gpa->hva); note that two gpas may alias to the same hva, but not +vice versa. + +These hvas may be backed using any method available to the host: anonymous +memory, file backed memory, and device memory. Memory might be paged by the +host at any time. + +Events +====== + +The mmu is driven by events, some from the guest, some from the host. + +Guest generated events: +- writes to control registers (especially cr3) +- invlpg/invlpga instruction execution +- access to missing or protected translations + +Host generated events: +- changes in the gpa->hpa translation (either through gpa->hva changes or + through hva->hpa changes) +- memory pressure (the shrinker) + +Shadow pages +============ + +The principal data structure is the shadow page, 'struct kvm_mmu_page'. A +shadow page contains 512 sptes, which can be either leaf or nonleaf sptes. A +shadow page may contain a mix of leaf and nonleaf sptes. + +A nonleaf spte allows the hardware mmu to reach the leaf pages and +is not related to a translation directly. It points to other shadow pages. + +A leaf spte corresponds to either one or two translations encoded into +one paging structure entry. These are always the lowest level of the +translation stack, with optional higher level translations left to NPT/EPT. +Leaf ptes point at guest pages. + +The following table shows translations encoded by leaf ptes, with higher-level +translations in parentheses: + + Non-nested guests: + nonpaging: gpa->hpa + paging: gva->gpa->hpa + paging, tdp: (gva->)gpa->hpa + Nested guests: + non-tdp: ngva->gpa->hpa (*) + tdp: (ngva->)ngpa->gpa->hpa + +(*) the guest hypervisor will encode the ngva->gpa translation into its page + tables if npt is not present + +Shadow pages contain the following information: + role.level: + The level in the shadow paging hierarchy that this shadow page belongs to. + 1=4k sptes, 2=2M sptes, 3=1G sptes, etc. + role.direct: + If set, leaf sptes reachable from this page are for a linear range. + Examples include real mode translation, large guest pages backed by small + host pages, and gpa->hpa translations when NPT or EPT is active. + The linear range starts at (gfn << PAGE_SHIFT) and its size is determined + by role.level (2MB for first level, 1GB for second level, 0.5TB for third + level, 256TB for fourth level) + If clear, this page corresponds to a guest page table denoted by the gfn + field. + role.quadrant: + When role.cr4_pae=0, the guest uses 32-bit gptes while the host uses 64-bit + sptes. That means a guest page table contains more ptes than the host, + so multiple shadow pages are needed to shadow one guest page. + For first-level shadow pages, role.quadrant can be 0 or 1 and denotes the + first or second 512-gpte block in the guest page table. For second-level + page tables, each 32-bit gpte is converted to two 64-bit sptes + (since each first-level guest page is shadowed by two first-level + shadow pages) so role.quadrant takes values in the range 0..3. Each + quadrant maps 1GB virtual address space. + role.access: + Inherited guest access permissions in the form uwx. Note execute + permission is positive, not negative. + role.invalid: + The page is invalid and should not be used. It is a root page that is + currently pinned (by a cpu hardware register pointing to it); once it is + unpinned it will be destroyed. + role.cr4_pae: + Contains the value of cr4.pae for which the page is valid (e.g. whether + 32-bit or 64-bit gptes are in use). + role.nxe: + Contains the value of efer.nxe for which the page is valid. + role.cr0_wp: + Contains the value of cr0.wp for which the page is valid. + gfn: + Either the guest page table containing the translations shadowed by this + page, or the base page frame for linear translations. See role.direct. + spt: + A pageful of 64-bit sptes containing the translations for this page. + Accessed by both kvm and hardware. + The page pointed to by spt will have its page->private pointing back + at the shadow page structure. + sptes in spt point either at guest pages, or at lower-level shadow pages. + Specifically, if sp1 and sp2 are shadow pages, then sp1->spt[n] may point + at __pa(sp2->spt). sp2 will point back at sp1 through parent_pte. + The spt array forms a DAG structure with the shadow page as a node, and + guest pages as leaves. + gfns: + An array of 512 guest frame numbers, one for each present pte. Used to + perform a reverse map from a pte to a gfn. When role.direct is set, any + element of this array can be calculated from the gfn field when used, in + this case, the array of gfns is not allocated. See role.direct and gfn. + slot_bitmap: + A bitmap containing one bit per memory slot. If the page contains a pte + mapping a page from memory slot n, then bit n of slot_bitmap will be set + (if a page is aliased among several slots, then it is not guaranteed that + all slots will be marked). + Used during dirty logging to avoid scanning a shadow page if none if its + pages need tracking. + root_count: + A counter keeping track of how many hardware registers (guest cr3 or + pdptrs) are now pointing at the page. While this counter is nonzero, the + page cannot be destroyed. See role.invalid. + multimapped: + Whether there exist multiple sptes pointing at this page. + parent_pte/parent_ptes: + If multimapped is zero, parent_pte points at the single spte that points at + this page's spt. Otherwise, parent_ptes points at a data structure + with a list of parent_ptes. + unsync: + If true, then the translations in this page may not match the guest's + translation. This is equivalent to the state of the tlb when a pte is + changed but before the tlb entry is flushed. Accordingly, unsync ptes + are synchronized when the guest executes invlpg or flushes its tlb by + other means. Valid for leaf pages. + unsync_children: + How many sptes in the page point at pages that are unsync (or have + unsynchronized children). + unsync_child_bitmap: + A bitmap indicating which sptes in spt point (directly or indirectly) at + pages that may be unsynchronized. Used to quickly locate all unsychronized + pages reachable from a given page. + +Reverse map +=========== + +The mmu maintains a reverse mapping whereby all ptes mapping a page can be +reached given its gfn. This is used, for example, when swapping out a page. + +Synchronized and unsynchronized pages +===================================== + +The guest uses two events to synchronize its tlb and page tables: tlb flushes +and page invalidations (invlpg). + +A tlb flush means that we need to synchronize all sptes reachable from the +guest's cr3. This is expensive, so we keep all guest page tables write +protected, and synchronize sptes to gptes when a gpte is written. + +A special case is when a guest page table is reachable from the current +guest cr3. In this case, the guest is obliged to issue an invlpg instruction +before using the translation. We take advantage of that by removing write +protection from the guest page, and allowing the guest to modify it freely. +We synchronize modified gptes when the guest invokes invlpg. This reduces +the amount of emulation we have to do when the guest modifies multiple gptes, +or when the a guest page is no longer used as a page table and is used for +random guest data. + +As a side effect we have to resynchronize all reachable unsynchronized shadow +pages on a tlb flush. + + +Reaction to events +================== + +- guest page fault (or npt page fault, or ept violation) + +This is the most complicated event. The cause of a page fault can be: + + - a true guest fault (the guest translation won't allow the access) (*) + - access to a missing translation + - access to a protected translation + - when logging dirty pages, memory is write protected + - synchronized shadow pages are write protected (*) + - access to untranslatable memory (mmio) + + (*) not applicable in direct mode + +Handling a page fault is performed as follows: + + - if needed, walk the guest page tables to determine the guest translation + (gva->gpa or ngpa->gpa) + - if permissions are insufficient, reflect the fault back to the guest + - determine the host page + - if this is an mmio request, there is no host page; call the emulator + to emulate the instruction instead + - walk the shadow page table to find the spte for the translation, + instantiating missing intermediate page tables as necessary + - try to unsynchronize the page + - if successful, we can let the guest continue and modify the gpte + - emulate the instruction + - if failed, unshadow the page and let the guest continue + - update any translations that were modified by the instruction + +invlpg handling: + + - walk the shadow page hierarchy and drop affected translations + - try to reinstantiate the indicated translation in the hope that the + guest will use it in the near future + +Guest control register updates: + +- mov to cr3 + - look up new shadow roots + - synchronize newly reachable shadow pages + +- mov to cr0/cr4/efer + - set up mmu context for new paging mode + - look up new shadow roots + - synchronize newly reachable shadow pages + +Host translation updates: + + - mmu notifier called with updated hva + - look up affected sptes through reverse map + - drop (or update) translations + +Emulating cr0.wp +================ + +If tdp is not enabled, the host must keep cr0.wp=1 so page write protection +works for the guest kernel, not guest guest userspace. When the guest +cr0.wp=1, this does not present a problem. However when the guest cr0.wp=0, +we cannot map the permissions for gpte.u=1, gpte.w=0 to any spte (the +semantics require allowing any guest kernel access plus user read access). + +We handle this by mapping the permissions to two possible sptes, depending +on fault type: + +- kernel write fault: spte.u=0, spte.w=1 (allows full kernel access, + disallows user access) +- read fault: spte.u=1, spte.w=0 (allows full read access, disallows kernel + write access) + +(user write faults generate a #PF) + +Large pages +=========== + +The mmu supports all combinations of large and small guest and host pages. +Supported page sizes include 4k, 2M, 4M, and 1G. 4M pages are treated as +two separate 2M pages, on both guest and host, since the mmu always uses PAE +paging. + +To instantiate a large spte, four constraints must be satisfied: + +- the spte must point to a large host page +- the guest pte must be a large pte of at least equivalent size (if tdp is + enabled, there is no guest pte and this condition is satisified) +- if the spte will be writeable, the large page frame may not overlap any + write-protected pages +- the guest page must be wholly contained by a single memory slot + +To check the last two conditions, the mmu maintains a ->write_count set of +arrays for each memory slot and large page size. Every write protected page +causes its write_count to be incremented, thus preventing instantiation of +a large spte. The frames at the end of an unaligned memory slot have +artificically inflated ->write_counts so they can never be instantiated. + +Further reading +=============== + +- NPT presentation from KVM Forum 2008 + http://www.linux-kvm.org/wiki/images/c/c8/KvmForum2008%24kdf2008_21.pdf + diff --git a/Documentation/kvm/msr.txt b/Documentation/kvm/msr.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ddcfe8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/kvm/msr.txt @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +KVM-specific MSRs. +Glauber Costa <glommer@redhat.com>, Red Hat Inc, 2010 +===================================================== + +KVM makes use of some custom MSRs to service some requests. +At present, this facility is only used by kvmclock. + +Custom MSRs have a range reserved for them, that goes from +0x4b564d00 to 0x4b564dff. There are MSRs outside this area, +but they are deprecated and their use is discouraged. + +Custom MSR list +-------- + +The current supported Custom MSR list is: + +MSR_KVM_WALL_CLOCK_NEW: 0x4b564d00 + + data: 4-byte alignment physical address of a memory area which must be + in guest RAM. This memory is expected to hold a copy of the following + structure: + + struct pvclock_wall_clock { + u32 version; + u32 sec; + u32 nsec; + } __attribute__((__packed__)); + + whose data will be filled in by the hypervisor. The hypervisor is only + guaranteed to update this data at the moment of MSR write. + Users that want to reliably query this information more than once have + to write more than once to this MSR. Fields have the following meanings: + + version: guest has to check version before and after grabbing + time information and check that they are both equal and even. + An odd version indicates an in-progress update. + + sec: number of seconds for wallclock. + + nsec: number of nanoseconds for wallclock. + + Note that although MSRs are per-CPU entities, the effect of this + particular MSR is global. + + Availability of this MSR must be checked via bit 3 in 0x4000001 cpuid + leaf prior to usage. + +MSR_KVM_SYSTEM_TIME_NEW: 0x4b564d01 + + data: 4-byte aligned physical address of a memory area which must be in + guest RAM, plus an enable bit in bit 0. This memory is expected to hold + a copy of the following structure: + + struct pvclock_vcpu_time_info { + u32 version; + u32 pad0; + u64 tsc_timestamp; + u64 system_time; + u32 tsc_to_system_mul; + s8 tsc_shift; + u8 flags; + u8 pad[2]; + } __attribute__((__packed__)); /* 32 bytes */ + + whose data will be filled in by the hypervisor periodically. Only one + write, or registration, is needed for each VCPU. The interval between + updates of this structure is arbitrary and implementation-dependent. + The hypervisor may update this structure at any time it sees fit until + anything with bit0 == 0 is written to it. + + Fields have the following meanings: + + version: guest has to check version before and after grabbing + time information and check that they are both equal and even. + An odd version indicates an in-progress update. + + tsc_timestamp: the tsc value at the current VCPU at the time + of the update of this structure. Guests can subtract this value + from current tsc to derive a notion of elapsed time since the + structure update. + + system_time: a host notion of monotonic time, including sleep + time at the time this structure was last updated. Unit is + nanoseconds. + + tsc_to_system_mul: a function of the tsc frequency. One has + to multiply any tsc-related quantity by this value to get + a value in nanoseconds, besides dividing by 2^tsc_shift + + tsc_shift: cycle to nanosecond divider, as a power of two, to + allow for shift rights. One has to shift right any tsc-related + quantity by this value to get a value in nanoseconds, besides + multiplying by tsc_to_system_mul. + + With this information, guests can derive per-CPU time by + doing: + + time = (current_tsc - tsc_timestamp) + time = (time * tsc_to_system_mul) >> tsc_shift + time = time + system_time + + flags: bits in this field indicate extended capabilities + coordinated between the guest and the hypervisor. Availability + of specific flags has to be checked in 0x40000001 cpuid leaf. + Current flags are: + + flag bit | cpuid bit | meaning + ------------------------------------------------------------- + | | time measures taken across + 0 | 24 | multiple cpus are guaranteed to + | | be monotonic + ------------------------------------------------------------- + + Availability of this MSR must be checked via bit 3 in 0x4000001 cpuid + leaf prior to usage. + + +MSR_KVM_WALL_CLOCK: 0x11 + + data and functioning: same as MSR_KVM_WALL_CLOCK_NEW. Use that instead. + + This MSR falls outside the reserved KVM range and may be removed in the + future. Its usage is deprecated. + + Availability of this MSR must be checked via bit 0 in 0x4000001 cpuid + leaf prior to usage. + +MSR_KVM_SYSTEM_TIME: 0x12 + + data and functioning: same as MSR_KVM_SYSTEM_TIME_NEW. Use that instead. + + This MSR falls outside the reserved KVM range and may be removed in the + future. Its usage is deprecated. + + Availability of this MSR must be checked via bit 0 in 0x4000001 cpuid + leaf prior to usage. + + The suggested algorithm for detecting kvmclock presence is then: + + if (!kvm_para_available()) /* refer to cpuid.txt */ + return NON_PRESENT; + + flags = cpuid_eax(0x40000001); + if (flags & 3) { + msr_kvm_system_time = MSR_KVM_SYSTEM_TIME_NEW; + msr_kvm_wall_clock = MSR_KVM_WALL_CLOCK_NEW; + return PRESENT; + } else if (flags & 0) { + msr_kvm_system_time = MSR_KVM_SYSTEM_TIME; + msr_kvm_wall_clock = MSR_KVM_WALL_CLOCK; + return PRESENT; + } else + return NON_PRESENT; diff --git a/Documentation/kvm/review-checklist.txt b/Documentation/kvm/review-checklist.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..730475a --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/kvm/review-checklist.txt @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +Review checklist for kvm patches +================================ + +1. The patch must follow Documentation/CodingStyle and + Documentation/SubmittingPatches. + +2. Patches should be against kvm.git master branch. + +3. If the patch introduces or modifies a new userspace API: + - the API must be documented in Documentation/kvm/api.txt + - the API must be discoverable using KVM_CHECK_EXTENSION + +4. New state must include support for save/restore. + +5. New features must default to off (userspace should explicitly request them). + Performance improvements can and should default to on. + +6. New cpu features should be exposed via KVM_GET_SUPPORTED_CPUID2 + +7. Emulator changes should be accompanied by unit tests for qemu-kvm.git + kvm/test directory. + +8. Changes should be vendor neutral when possible. Changes to common code + are better than duplicating changes to vendor code. + +9. Similarly, prefer changes to arch independent code than to arch dependent + code. + +10. User/kernel interfaces and guest/host interfaces must be 64-bit clean + (all variables and sizes naturally aligned on 64-bit; use specific types + only - u64 rather than ulong). + +11. New guest visible features must either be documented in a hardware manual + or be accompanied by documentation. + +12. Features must be robust against reset and kexec - for example, shared + host/guest memory must be unshared to prevent the host from writing to + guest memory that the guest has not reserved for this purpose. diff --git a/Documentation/laptops/acer-wmi.txt b/Documentation/laptops/acer-wmi.txt index 0768fcc..4beafa6 100644 --- a/Documentation/laptops/acer-wmi.txt +++ b/Documentation/laptops/acer-wmi.txt @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ Credits ******* Olaf Tauber, who did the real hard work when he developed acerhk -http://www.informatik.hu-berlin.de/~tauber/acerhk +http://www.cakey.de/acerhk/ All the authors of laptop ACPI modules in the kernel, whose work was an inspiration in the early days of acer_acpi Mathieu Segaud, who solved the problem with having to modprobe the driver diff --git a/Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt b/Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt index 2c3c350..0bf25ee 100644 --- a/Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt +++ b/Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt @@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ Tips & Tricks * Drew Scott Daniels observed: "I don't know why, but when I decrease the number of colours that my display uses it consumes less battery power. I've seen this on powerbooks too. I hope that this is a piece of information that - might be useful to the Laptop Mode patch or it's users." + might be useful to the Laptop Mode patch or its users." * In syslog.conf, you can prefix entries with a dash ``-'' to omit syncing the file after every logging. When you're using laptop-mode and your disk doesn't diff --git a/Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt b/Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt index 39c0a09..f6f8025 100644 --- a/Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt +++ b/Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt @@ -292,13 +292,13 @@ sysfs notes: Warning: when in NVRAM mode, the volume up/down/mute keys are synthesized according to changes in the mixer, - so you have to use volume up or volume down to unmute, - as per the ThinkPad volume mixer user interface. When - in ACPI event mode, volume up/down/mute are reported as - separate events, but this behaviour may be corrected in - future releases of this driver, in which case the - ThinkPad volume mixer user interface semantics will be - enforced. + which uses a single volume up or volume down hotkey + press to unmute, as per the ThinkPad volume mixer user + interface. When in ACPI event mode, volume up/down/mute + events are reported by the firmware and can behave + differently (and that behaviour changes with firmware + version -- not just with firmware models -- as well as + OSI(Linux) state). hotkey_poll_freq: frequency in Hz for hot key polling. It must be between @@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ sysfs notes: will cause hot key presses that require NVRAM polling to never be reported. - Setting hotkey_poll_freq too low will cause repeated + Setting hotkey_poll_freq too low may cause repeated pressings of the same hot key to be misreported as a single key press, or to not even be detected at all. The recommended polling frequency is 10Hz. @@ -397,6 +397,7 @@ ACPI Scan event code Key Notes 0x1001 0x00 FN+F1 - + 0x1002 0x01 FN+F2 IBM: battery (rare) Lenovo: Screen lock @@ -404,7 +405,8 @@ event code Key Notes this hot key, even with hot keys disabled or with Fn+F3 masked off - IBM: screen lock + IBM: screen lock, often turns + off the ThinkLight as side-effect Lenovo: battery 0x1004 0x03 FN+F4 Sleep button (ACPI sleep button @@ -433,7 +435,8 @@ event code Key Notes Do you feel lucky today? 0x1008 0x07 FN+F8 IBM: toggle screen expand - Lenovo: configure UltraNav + Lenovo: configure UltraNav, + or toggle screen expand 0x1009 0x08 FN+F9 - .. .. .. @@ -444,7 +447,7 @@ event code Key Notes either through the ACPI event, or through a hotkey event. The firmware may refuse to - generate further FN+F4 key + generate further FN+F12 key press events until a S3 or S4 ACPI sleep cycle is performed, or some time passes. @@ -512,15 +515,19 @@ events for switches: SW_RFKILL_ALL T60 and later hardware rfkill rocker switch SW_TABLET_MODE Tablet ThinkPads HKEY events 0x5009 and 0x500A -Non hot-key ACPI HKEY event map: +Non hotkey ACPI HKEY event map: +------------------------------- + +Events that are not propagated by the driver, except for legacy +compatibility purposes when hotkey_report_mode is set to 1: + 0x5001 Lid closed 0x5002 Lid opened 0x5009 Tablet swivel: switched to tablet mode 0x500A Tablet swivel: switched to normal mode 0x7000 Radio Switch may have changed state -The above events are not propagated by the driver, except for legacy -compatibility purposes when hotkey_report_mode is set to 1. +Events that are never propagated by the driver: 0x2304 System is waking up from suspend to undock 0x2305 System is waking up from suspend to eject bay @@ -528,14 +535,39 @@ compatibility purposes when hotkey_report_mode is set to 1. 0x2405 System is waking up from hibernation to eject bay 0x5010 Brightness level changed/control event -The above events are never propagated by the driver. +Events that are propagated by the driver to userspace: +0x2313 ALARM: System is waking up from suspend because + the battery is nearly empty +0x2413 ALARM: System is waking up from hibernation because + the battery is nearly empty 0x3003 Bay ejection (see 0x2x05) complete, can sleep again +0x3006 Bay hotplug request (hint to power up SATA link when + the optical drive tray is ejected) 0x4003 Undocked (see 0x2x04), can sleep again 0x500B Tablet pen inserted into its storage bay 0x500C Tablet pen removed from its storage bay - -The above events are propagated by the driver. +0x6011 ALARM: battery is too hot +0x6012 ALARM: battery is extremely hot +0x6021 ALARM: a sensor is too hot +0x6022 ALARM: a sensor is extremely hot +0x6030 System thermal table changed + +Battery nearly empty alarms are a last resort attempt to get the +operating system to hibernate or shutdown cleanly (0x2313), or shutdown +cleanly (0x2413) before power is lost. They must be acted upon, as the +wake up caused by the firmware will have negated most safety nets... + +When any of the "too hot" alarms happen, according to Lenovo the user +should suspend or hibernate the laptop (and in the case of battery +alarms, unplug the AC adapter) to let it cool down. These alarms do +signal that something is wrong, they should never happen on normal +operating conditions. + +The "extremely hot" alarms are emergencies. According to Lenovo, the +operating system is to force either an immediate suspend or hibernate +cycle, or a system shutdown. Obviously, something is very wrong if this +happens. Compatibility notes: @@ -928,70 +960,21 @@ Sysfs notes: subsystem, and follow all of the hwmon guidelines at Documentation/hwmon. +EXPERIMENTAL: Embedded controller register dump +----------------------------------------------- -EXPERIMENTAL: Embedded controller register dump -- /proc/acpi/ibm/ecdump ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -This feature is marked EXPERIMENTAL because the implementation -directly accesses hardware registers and may not work as expected. USE -WITH CAUTION! To use this feature, you need to supply the -experimental=1 parameter when loading the module. - -This feature dumps the values of 256 embedded controller -registers. Values which have changed since the last time the registers -were dumped are marked with a star: - -[root@x40 ibm-acpi]# cat /proc/acpi/ibm/ecdump -EC +00 +01 +02 +03 +04 +05 +06 +07 +08 +09 +0a +0b +0c +0d +0e +0f -EC 0x00: a7 47 87 01 fe 96 00 08 01 00 cb 00 00 00 40 00 -EC 0x10: 00 00 ff ff f4 3c 87 09 01 ff 42 01 ff ff 0d 00 -EC 0x20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 43 00 00 80 -EC 0x30: 01 07 1a 00 30 04 00 00 *85 00 00 10 00 50 00 00 -EC 0x40: 00 00 00 00 00 00 14 01 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 -EC 0x50: 00 c0 02 0d 00 01 01 02 02 03 03 03 03 *bc *02 *bc -EC 0x60: *02 *bc *02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 -EC 0x70: 00 00 00 00 00 12 30 40 *24 *26 *2c *27 *20 80 *1f 80 -EC 0x80: 00 00 00 06 *37 *0e 03 00 00 00 0e 07 00 00 00 00 -EC 0x90: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 -EC 0xa0: *ff 09 ff 09 ff ff *64 00 *00 *00 *a2 41 *ff *ff *e0 00 -EC 0xb0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 -EC 0xc0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 -EC 0xd0: 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 -EC 0xe0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 20 49 04 24 06 55 03 -EC 0xf0: 31 55 48 54 35 38 57 57 08 2f 45 73 07 65 6c 1a - -This feature can be used to determine the register holding the fan -speed on some models. To do that, do the following: +This feature is not included in the thinkpad driver anymore. +Instead the EC can be accessed through /sys/kernel/debug/ec with +a userspace tool which can be found here: +ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/people/trenn/sources/ec +Use it to determine the register holding the fan +speed on some models. To do that, do the following: - make sure the battery is fully charged - make sure the fan is running - - run 'cat /proc/acpi/ibm/ecdump' several times, once per second or so - -The first step makes sure various charging-related values don't -vary. The second ensures that the fan-related values do vary, since -the fan speed fluctuates a bit. The third will (hopefully) mark the -fan register with a star: - -[root@x40 ibm-acpi]# cat /proc/acpi/ibm/ecdump -EC +00 +01 +02 +03 +04 +05 +06 +07 +08 +09 +0a +0b +0c +0d +0e +0f -EC 0x00: a7 47 87 01 fe 96 00 08 01 00 cb 00 00 00 40 00 -EC 0x10: 00 00 ff ff f4 3c 87 09 01 ff 42 01 ff ff 0d 00 -EC 0x20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 43 00 00 80 -EC 0x30: 01 07 1a 00 30 04 00 00 85 00 00 10 00 50 00 00 -EC 0x40: 00 00 00 00 00 00 14 01 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 -EC 0x50: 00 c0 02 0d 00 01 01 02 02 03 03 03 03 bc 02 bc -EC 0x60: 02 bc 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 -EC 0x70: 00 00 00 00 00 12 30 40 24 27 2c 27 21 80 1f 80 -EC 0x80: 00 00 00 06 *be 0d 03 00 00 00 0e 07 00 00 00 00 -EC 0x90: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 -EC 0xa0: ff 09 ff 09 ff ff 64 00 00 00 a2 41 ff ff e0 00 -EC 0xb0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 -EC 0xc0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 -EC 0xd0: 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 -EC 0xe0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 20 49 04 24 06 55 03 -EC 0xf0: 31 55 48 54 35 38 57 57 08 2f 45 73 07 65 6c 1a - -Another set of values that varies often is the temperature + - use above mentioned tool to read out the EC + +Often fan and temperature values vary between readings. Since temperatures don't change vary fast, you can take several quick dumps to eliminate them. diff --git a/Documentation/ldm.txt b/Documentation/ldm.txt index 718085b..4f80edd 100644 --- a/Documentation/ldm.txt +++ b/Documentation/ldm.txt @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ More Documentation There is an Overview of the LDM together with complete Technical Documentation. It is available for download. - http://www.linux-ntfs.org/content/view/19/37/ + http://www.linux-ntfs.org/ If you have any LDM questions that aren't answered in the documentation, email me. diff --git a/Documentation/lguest/lguest.c b/Documentation/lguest/lguest.c index 3119f5d..e9ce3c5 100644 --- a/Documentation/lguest/lguest.c +++ b/Documentation/lguest/lguest.c @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ static u8 *get_feature_bits(struct device *dev) * Launcher virtual with an offset. * * This can be tough to get your head around, but usually it just means that we - * use these trivial conversion functions when the Guest gives us it's + * use these trivial conversion functions when the Guest gives us its * "physical" addresses: */ static void *from_guest_phys(unsigned long addr) diff --git a/Documentation/md.txt b/Documentation/md.txt index 188f476..a81c7b4 100644 --- a/Documentation/md.txt +++ b/Documentation/md.txt @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ Tools that manage md devices can be found at - http://www.<country>.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/raid/.... + http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/raid/ Boot time assembly of RAID arrays @@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ raid_disks != 0. Then uninitialized devices can be added with ADD_NEW_DISK. The structure passed to ADD_NEW_DISK must specify the state of the device -and it's role in the array. +and its role in the array. Once started with RUN_ARRAY, uninitialized spares can be added with HOT_ADD_DISK. diff --git a/Documentation/misc-devices/c2port.txt b/Documentation/misc-devices/c2port.txt index d9bf93e..ea73444 100644 --- a/Documentation/misc-devices/c2port.txt +++ b/Documentation/misc-devices/c2port.txt @@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ The C2 Interface main references are at (http://www.silabs.com) Silicon Laboratories site], see: - AN127: FLASH Programming via the C2 Interface at -http://www.silabs.com/public/documents/tpub_doc/anote/Microcontrollers/Small_Form_Factor/en/an127.pdf, and +http://www.silabs.com/Support Documents/TechnicalDocs/an127.pdf - C2 Specification at -http://www.silabs.com/public/documents/tpub_doc/spec/Microcontrollers/en/C2spec.pdf, +http://www.silabs.com/pages/DownloadDoc.aspx?FILEURL=Support%20Documents/TechnicalDocs/an127.pdf&src=SearchResults however it implements a two wire serial communication protocol (bit banging) designed to enable in-system programming, debugging, and diff --git a/Documentation/mtd/nand_ecc.txt b/Documentation/mtd/nand_ecc.txt index 274821b..990efd7 100644 --- a/Documentation/mtd/nand_ecc.txt +++ b/Documentation/mtd/nand_ecc.txt @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ ECC 1 rp15 rp14 rp13 rp12 rp11 rp10 rp09 rp08 ECC 2 cp5 cp4 cp3 cp2 cp1 cp0 1 1 I detected after writing this that ST application note AN1823 -(http://www.st.com/stonline/books/pdf/docs/10123.pdf) gives a much +(http://www.st.com/stonline/) gives a much nicer picture.(but they use line parity as term where I use row parity) Oh well, I'm graphically challenged, so suffer with me for a moment :-) And I could not reuse the ST picture anyway for copyright reasons. diff --git a/Documentation/mutex-design.txt b/Documentation/mutex-design.txt index aa60d1f..c91ccc0 100644 --- a/Documentation/mutex-design.txt +++ b/Documentation/mutex-design.txt @@ -66,14 +66,14 @@ of advantages of mutexes: c0377ccb <mutex_lock>: c0377ccb: f0 ff 08 lock decl (%eax) - c0377cce: 78 0e js c0377cde <.text.lock.mutex> + c0377cce: 78 0e js c0377cde <.text..lock.mutex> c0377cd0: c3 ret the unlocking fastpath is equally tight: c0377cd1 <mutex_unlock>: c0377cd1: f0 ff 00 lock incl (%eax) - c0377cd4: 7e 0f jle c0377ce5 <.text.lock.mutex+0x7> + c0377cd4: 7e 0f jle c0377ce5 <.text..lock.mutex+0x7> c0377cd6: c3 ret - 'struct mutex' semantics are well-defined and are enforced if diff --git a/Documentation/netlabel/lsm_interface.txt b/Documentation/netlabel/lsm_interface.txt index 98dd9f7..638c74f 100644 --- a/Documentation/netlabel/lsm_interface.txt +++ b/Documentation/netlabel/lsm_interface.txt @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Depending on the exact configuration, translation between the network packet label and the internal LSM security identifier can be time consuming. The NetLabel label mapping cache is a caching mechanism which can be used to sidestep much of this overhead once a mapping has been established. Once the -LSM has received a packet, used NetLabel to decode it's security attributes, +LSM has received a packet, used NetLabel to decode its security attributes, and translated the security attributes into a LSM internal identifier the LSM can use the NetLabel caching functions to associate the LSM internal identifier with the network packet's label. This means that in the future diff --git a/Documentation/networking/3c509.txt b/Documentation/networking/3c509.txt index 3c45d5d..dcc9eaf 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/3c509.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/3c509.txt @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ models: Large portions of this documentation were heavily borrowed from the guide written the original author of the 3c509 driver, Donald Becker. The master copy of that document, which contains notes on older versions of the driver, -currently resides on Scyld web server: http://www.scyld.com/network/3c509.html. +currently resides on Scyld web server: http://www.scyld.com/. (1) Special Driver Features diff --git a/Documentation/networking/README.ipw2100 b/Documentation/networking/README.ipw2100 index f3fcaa4..6f85e1d 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/README.ipw2100 +++ b/Documentation/networking/README.ipw2100 @@ -72,8 +72,7 @@ such, if you are interested in deploying or shipping a driver as part of solution intended to be used for purposes other than development, please obtain a tested driver from Intel Customer Support at: -http://support.intel.com/support/notebook/sb/CS-006408.htm - +http://www.intel.com/support/wireless/sb/CS-006408.htm 1. Introduction ----------------------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/networking/README.ipw2200 b/Documentation/networking/README.ipw2200 index 80c7285..616a8e5 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/README.ipw2200 +++ b/Documentation/networking/README.ipw2200 @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ such, if you are interested in deploying or shipping a driver as part of solution intended to be used for purposes other than development, please obtain a tested driver from Intel Customer Support at: -http://support.intel.com/support/notebook/sb/CS-006408.htm +http://support.intel.com 1. Introduction @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ Where the supported parameter are: led Can be used to turn on experimental LED code. - 0 = Off, 1 = On. Default is 0. + 0 = Off, 1 = On. Default is 1. mode Can be used to set the default mode of the adapter. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/README.sb1000 b/Documentation/networking/README.sb1000 index f82d425..f92c2aa 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/README.sb1000 +++ b/Documentation/networking/README.sb1000 @@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ cable modem easy. in Franco's original source code distribution .tar.gz file. Support for the sb1000 driver can be found at: - http://home.adelphia.net/~siglercm/sb1000.html - http://linuxpower.cx/~cable/ + http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://home.adelphia.net/~siglercm/sb1000.html + http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://linuxpower.cx/~cable/ along with these utilities. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/arcnet.txt b/Documentation/networking/arcnet.txt index 7960125..9ff5795 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/arcnet.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/arcnet.txt @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ REAL NAME" to listserv@tichy.ch.uj.edu.pl. Then, to submit messages to the list, mail to linux-arcnet@tichy.ch.uj.edu.pl. There are archives of the mailing list at: - http://tichy.ch.uj.edu.pl/lists/linux-arcnet + http://epistolary.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/arcnet The people on linux-net@vger.kernel.org have also been known to be very helpful, especially when we're talking about ALPHA Linux kernels that may or @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ Other Drivers and Info ---------------------- You can try my ARCNET page on the World Wide Web at: - http://www.worldvisions.ca/~apenwarr/arcnet/ + http://www.qis.net/~jschmitz/arcnet/ Also, SMC (one of the companies that makes ARCnet cards) has a WWW site you might be interested in, which includes several drivers for various cards diff --git a/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt b/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt index 61f516b..d2b62b7 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt @@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ Table of Contents 3.3 Configuring Bonding Manually with Ifenslave 3.3.1 Configuring Multiple Bonds Manually 3.4 Configuring Bonding Manually via Sysfs +3.5 Overriding Configuration for Special Cases 4. Querying Bonding Configuration 4.1 Bonding Configuration @@ -1318,8 +1319,87 @@ echo 2000 > /sys/class/net/bond1/bonding/arp_interval echo +eth2 > /sys/class/net/bond1/bonding/slaves echo +eth3 > /sys/class/net/bond1/bonding/slaves - -4. Querying Bonding Configuration +3.5 Overriding Configuration for Special Cases +---------------------------------------------- +When using the bonding driver, the physical port which transmits a frame is +typically selected by the bonding driver, and is not relevant to the user or +system administrator. The output port is simply selected using the policies of +the selected bonding mode. On occasion however, it is helpful to direct certain +classes of traffic to certain physical interfaces on output to implement +slightly more complex policies. For example, to reach a web server over a +bonded interface in which eth0 connects to a private network, while eth1 +connects via a public network, it may be desirous to bias the bond to send said +traffic over eth0 first, using eth1 only as a fall back, while all other traffic +can safely be sent over either interface. Such configurations may be achieved +using the traffic control utilities inherent in linux. + +By default the bonding driver is multiqueue aware and 16 queues are created +when the driver initializes (see Documentation/networking/multiqueue.txt +for details). If more or less queues are desired the module parameter +tx_queues can be used to change this value. There is no sysfs parameter +available as the allocation is done at module init time. + +The output of the file /proc/net/bonding/bondX has changed so the output Queue +ID is now printed for each slave: + +Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup) +Primary Slave: None +Currently Active Slave: eth0 +MII Status: up +MII Polling Interval (ms): 0 +Up Delay (ms): 0 +Down Delay (ms): 0 + +Slave Interface: eth0 +MII Status: up +Link Failure Count: 0 +Permanent HW addr: 00:1a:a0:12:8f:cb +Slave queue ID: 0 + +Slave Interface: eth1 +MII Status: up +Link Failure Count: 0 +Permanent HW addr: 00:1a:a0:12:8f:cc +Slave queue ID: 2 + +The queue_id for a slave can be set using the command: + +# echo "eth1:2" > /sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/queue_id + +Any interface that needs a queue_id set should set it with multiple calls +like the one above until proper priorities are set for all interfaces. On +distributions that allow configuration via initscripts, multiple 'queue_id' +arguments can be added to BONDING_OPTS to set all needed slave queues. + +These queue id's can be used in conjunction with the tc utility to configure +a multiqueue qdisc and filters to bias certain traffic to transmit on certain +slave devices. For instance, say we wanted, in the above configuration to +force all traffic bound to 192.168.1.100 to use eth1 in the bond as its output +device. The following commands would accomplish this: + +# tc qdisc add dev bond0 handle 1 root multiq + +# tc filter add dev bond0 protocol ip parent 1: prio 1 u32 match ip dst \ + 192.168.1.100 action skbedit queue_mapping 2 + +These commands tell the kernel to attach a multiqueue queue discipline to the +bond0 interface and filter traffic enqueued to it, such that packets with a dst +ip of 192.168.1.100 have their output queue mapping value overwritten to 2. +This value is then passed into the driver, causing the normal output path +selection policy to be overridden, selecting instead qid 2, which maps to eth1. + +Note that qid values begin at 1. Qid 0 is reserved to initiate to the driver +that normal output policy selection should take place. One benefit to simply +leaving the qid for a slave to 0 is the multiqueue awareness in the bonding +driver that is now present. This awareness allows tc filters to be placed on +slave devices as well as bond devices and the bonding driver will simply act as +a pass-through for selecting output queues on the slave device rather than +output port selection. + +This feature first appeared in bonding driver version 3.7.0 and support for +output slave selection was limited to round-robin and active-backup modes. + +4 Querying Bonding Configuration ================================= 4.1 Bonding Configuration @@ -2432,7 +2512,7 @@ be found at: https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/bonding-devel Donald Becker's Ethernet Drivers and diag programs may be found at : - - http://www.scyld.com/network/ + - http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.scyld.com/network/ You will also find a lot of information regarding Ethernet, NWay, MII, etc. at www.scyld.com. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/caif/Linux-CAIF.txt b/Documentation/networking/caif/Linux-CAIF.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7fe7a9a --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/networking/caif/Linux-CAIF.txt @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +Linux CAIF +=========== +copyright (C) ST-Ericsson AB 2010 +Author: Sjur Brendeland/ sjur.brandeland@stericsson.com +License terms: GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 + + +Introduction +------------ +CAIF is a MUX protocol used by ST-Ericsson cellular modems for +communication between Modem and host. The host processes can open virtual AT +channels, initiate GPRS Data connections, Video channels and Utility Channels. +The Utility Channels are general purpose pipes between modem and host. + +ST-Ericsson modems support a number of transports between modem +and host. Currently, UART and Loopback are available for Linux. + + +Architecture: +------------ +The implementation of CAIF is divided into: +* CAIF Socket Layer, Kernel API, and Net Device. +* CAIF Core Protocol Implementation +* CAIF Link Layer, implemented as NET devices. + + + RTNL + ! + ! +------+ +------+ +------+ + ! +------+! +------+! +------+! + ! ! Sock !! !Kernel!! ! Net !! + ! ! API !+ ! API !+ ! Dev !+ <- CAIF Client APIs + ! +------+ +------! +------+ + ! ! ! ! + ! +----------!----------+ + ! +------+ <- CAIF Protocol Implementation + +-------> ! CAIF ! + ! Core ! + +------+ + +--------!--------+ + ! ! + +------+ +-----+ + ! ! ! TTY ! <- Link Layer (Net Devices) + +------+ +-----+ + + +Using the Kernel API +---------------------- +The Kernel API is used for accessing CAIF channels from the +kernel. +The user of the API has to implement two callbacks for receive +and control. +The receive callback gives a CAIF packet as a SKB. The control +callback will +notify of channel initialization complete, and flow-on/flow- +off. + + + struct caif_device caif_dev = { + .caif_config = { + .name = "MYDEV" + .type = CAIF_CHTY_AT + } + .receive_cb = my_receive, + .control_cb = my_control, + }; + caif_add_device(&caif_dev); + caif_transmit(&caif_dev, skb); + +See the caif_kernel.h for details about the CAIF kernel API. + + +I M P L E M E N T A T I O N +=========================== +=========================== + +CAIF Core Protocol Layer +========================================= + +CAIF Core layer implements the CAIF protocol as defined by ST-Ericsson. +It implements the CAIF protocol stack in a layered approach, where +each layer described in the specification is implemented as a separate layer. +The architecture is inspired by the design patterns "Protocol Layer" and +"Protocol Packet". + +== CAIF structure == +The Core CAIF implementation contains: + - Simple implementation of CAIF. + - Layered architecture (a la Streams), each layer in the CAIF + specification is implemented in a separate c-file. + - Clients must implement PHY layer to access physical HW + with receive and transmit functions. + - Clients must call configuration function to add PHY layer. + - Clients must implement CAIF layer to consume/produce + CAIF payload with receive and transmit functions. + - Clients must call configuration function to add and connect the + Client layer. + - When receiving / transmitting CAIF Packets (cfpkt), ownership is passed + to the called function (except for framing layers' receive functions + or if a transmit function returns an error, in which case the caller + must free the packet). + +Layered Architecture +-------------------- +The CAIF protocol can be divided into two parts: Support functions and Protocol +Implementation. The support functions include: + + - CFPKT CAIF Packet. Implementation of CAIF Protocol Packet. The + CAIF Packet has functions for creating, destroying and adding content + and for adding/extracting header and trailers to protocol packets. + + - CFLST CAIF list implementation. + + - CFGLUE CAIF Glue. Contains OS Specifics, such as memory + allocation, endianness, etc. + +The CAIF Protocol implementation contains: + + - CFCNFG CAIF Configuration layer. Configures the CAIF Protocol + Stack and provides a Client interface for adding Link-Layer and + Driver interfaces on top of the CAIF Stack. + + - CFCTRL CAIF Control layer. Encodes and Decodes control messages + such as enumeration and channel setup. Also matches request and + response messages. + + - CFSERVL General CAIF Service Layer functionality; handles flow + control and remote shutdown requests. + + - CFVEI CAIF VEI layer. Handles CAIF AT Channels on VEI (Virtual + External Interface). This layer encodes/decodes VEI frames. + + - CFDGML CAIF Datagram layer. Handles CAIF Datagram layer (IP + traffic), encodes/decodes Datagram frames. + + - CFMUX CAIF Mux layer. Handles multiplexing between multiple + physical bearers and multiple channels such as VEI, Datagram, etc. + The MUX keeps track of the existing CAIF Channels and + Physical Instances and selects the apropriate instance based + on Channel-Id and Physical-ID. + + - CFFRML CAIF Framing layer. Handles Framing i.e. Frame length + and frame checksum. + + - CFSERL CAIF Serial layer. Handles concatenation/split of frames + into CAIF Frames with correct length. + + + + +---------+ + | Config | + | CFCNFG | + +---------+ + ! + +---------+ +---------+ +---------+ + | AT | | Control | | Datagram| + | CFVEIL | | CFCTRL | | CFDGML | + +---------+ +---------+ +---------+ + \_____________!______________/ + ! + +---------+ + | MUX | + | | + +---------+ + _____!_____ + / \ + +---------+ +---------+ + | CFFRML | | CFFRML | + | Framing | | Framing | + +---------+ +---------+ + ! ! + +---------+ +---------+ + | | | Serial | + | | | CFSERL | + +---------+ +---------+ + + +In this layered approach the following "rules" apply. + - All layers embed the same structure "struct cflayer" + - A layer does not depend on any other layer's private data. + - Layers are stacked by setting the pointers + layer->up , layer->dn + - In order to send data upwards, each layer should do + layer->up->receive(layer->up, packet); + - In order to send data downwards, each layer should do + layer->dn->transmit(layer->dn, packet); + + +Linux Driver Implementation +=========================== + +Linux GPRS Net Device and CAIF socket are implemented on top of the +CAIF Core protocol. The Net device and CAIF socket have an instance of +'struct cflayer', just like the CAIF Core protocol stack. +Net device and Socket implement the 'receive()' function defined by +'struct cflayer', just like the rest of the CAIF stack. In this way, transmit and +receive of packets is handled as by the rest of the layers: the 'dn->transmit()' +function is called in order to transmit data. + +The layer on top of the CAIF Core implementation is +sometimes referred to as the "Client layer". + + +Configuration of Link Layer +--------------------------- +The Link Layer is implemented as Linux net devices (struct net_device). +Payload handling and registration is done using standard Linux mechanisms. + +The CAIF Protocol relies on a loss-less link layer without implementing +retransmission. This implies that packet drops must not happen. +Therefore a flow-control mechanism is implemented where the physical +interface can initiate flow stop for all CAIF Channels. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/caif/README b/Documentation/networking/caif/README new file mode 100644 index 0000000..757ccfa --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/networking/caif/README @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +Copyright (C) ST-Ericsson AB 2010 +Author: Sjur Brendeland/ sjur.brandeland@stericsson.com +License terms: GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 +--------------------------------------------------------- + +=== Start === +If you have compiled CAIF for modules do: + +$modprobe crc_ccitt +$modprobe caif +$modprobe caif_socket +$modprobe chnl_net + + +=== Preparing the setup with a STE modem === + +If you are working on integration of CAIF you should make sure +that the kernel is built with module support. + +There are some things that need to be tweaked to get the host TTY correctly +set up to talk to the modem. +Since the CAIF stack is running in the kernel and we want to use the existing +TTY, we are installing our physical serial driver as a line discipline above +the TTY device. + +To achieve this we need to install the N_CAIF ldisc from user space. +The benefit is that we can hook up to any TTY. + +The use of Start-of-frame-extension (STX) must also be set as +module parameter "ser_use_stx". + +Normally Frame Checksum is always used on UART, but this is also provided as a +module parameter "ser_use_fcs". + +$ modprobe caif_serial ser_ttyname=/dev/ttyS0 ser_use_stx=yes +$ ifconfig caif_ttyS0 up + +PLEASE NOTE: There is a limitation in Android shell. + It only accepts one argument to insmod/modprobe! + +=== Trouble shooting === + +There are debugfs parameters provided for serial communication. +/sys/kernel/debug/caif_serial/<tty-name>/ + +* ser_state: Prints the bit-mask status where + - 0x02 means SENDING, this is a transient state. + - 0x10 means FLOW_OFF_SENT, i.e. the previous frame has not been sent + and is blocking further send operation. Flow OFF has been propagated + to all CAIF Channels using this TTY. + +* tty_status: Prints the bit-mask tty status information + - 0x01 - tty->warned is on. + - 0x02 - tty->low_latency is on. + - 0x04 - tty->packed is on. + - 0x08 - tty->flow_stopped is on. + - 0x10 - tty->hw_stopped is on. + - 0x20 - tty->stopped is on. + +* last_tx_msg: Binary blob Prints the last transmitted frame. + This can be printed with + $od --format=x1 /sys/kernel/debug/caif_serial/<tty>/last_rx_msg. + The first two tx messages sent look like this. Note: The initial + byte 02 is start of frame extension (STX) used for re-syncing + upon errors. + + - Enumeration: + 0000000 02 05 00 00 03 01 d2 02 + | | | | | | + STX(1) | | | | + Length(2)| | | + Control Channel(1) + Command:Enumeration(1) + Link-ID(1) + Checksum(2) + - Channel Setup: + 0000000 02 07 00 00 00 21 a1 00 48 df + | | | | | | | | + STX(1) | | | | | | + Length(2)| | | | | + Control Channel(1) + Command:Channel Setup(1) + Channel Type(1) + Priority and Link-ID(1) + Endpoint(1) + Checksum(2) + +* last_rx_msg: Prints the last transmitted frame. + The RX messages for LinkSetup look almost identical but they have the + bit 0x20 set in the command bit, and Channel Setup has added one byte + before Checksum containing Channel ID. + NOTE: Several CAIF Messages might be concatenated. The maximum debug + buffer size is 128 bytes. + +== Error Scenarios: +- last_tx_msg contains channel setup message and last_rx_msg is empty -> + The host seems to be able to send over the UART, at least the CAIF ldisc get + notified that sending is completed. + +- last_tx_msg contains enumeration message and last_rx_msg is empty -> + The host is not able to send the message from UART, the tty has not been + able to complete the transmit operation. + +- if /sys/kernel/debug/caif_serial/<tty>/tty_status is non-zero there + might be problems transmitting over UART. + E.g. host and modem wiring is not correct you will typically see + tty_status = 0x10 (hw_stopped) and ser_state = 0x10 (FLOW_OFF_SENT). + You will probably see the enumeration message in last_tx_message + and empty last_rx_message. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/caif/spi_porting.txt b/Documentation/networking/caif/spi_porting.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..61d7c92 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/networking/caif/spi_porting.txt @@ -0,0 +1,208 @@ +- CAIF SPI porting - + +- CAIF SPI basics: + +Running CAIF over SPI needs some extra setup, owing to the nature of SPI. +Two extra GPIOs have been added in order to negotiate the transfers + between the master and the slave. The minimum requirement for running +CAIF over SPI is a SPI slave chip and two GPIOs (more details below). +Please note that running as a slave implies that you need to keep up +with the master clock. An overrun or underrun event is fatal. + +- CAIF SPI framework: + +To make porting as easy as possible, the CAIF SPI has been divided in +two parts. The first part (called the interface part) deals with all +generic functionality such as length framing, SPI frame negotiation +and SPI frame delivery and transmission. The other part is the CAIF +SPI slave device part, which is the module that you have to write if +you want to run SPI CAIF on a new hardware. This part takes care of +the physical hardware, both with regard to SPI and to GPIOs. + +- Implementing a CAIF SPI device: + + - Functionality provided by the CAIF SPI slave device: + + In order to implement a SPI device you will, as a minimum, + need to implement the following + functions: + + int (*init_xfer) (struct cfspi_xfer * xfer, struct cfspi_dev *dev): + + This function is called by the CAIF SPI interface to give + you a chance to set up your hardware to be ready to receive + a stream of data from the master. The xfer structure contains + both physical and logical adresses, as well as the total length + of the transfer in both directions.The dev parameter can be used + to map to different CAIF SPI slave devices. + + void (*sig_xfer) (bool xfer, struct cfspi_dev *dev): + + This function is called by the CAIF SPI interface when the output + (SPI_INT) GPIO needs to change state. The boolean value of the xfer + variable indicates whether the GPIO should be asserted (HIGH) or + deasserted (LOW). The dev parameter can be used to map to different CAIF + SPI slave devices. + + - Functionality provided by the CAIF SPI interface: + + void (*ss_cb) (bool assert, struct cfspi_ifc *ifc); + + This function is called by the CAIF SPI slave device in order to + signal a change of state of the input GPIO (SS) to the interface. + Only active edges are mandatory to be reported. + This function can be called from IRQ context (recommended in order + not to introduce latency). The ifc parameter should be the pointer + returned from the platform probe function in the SPI device structure. + + void (*xfer_done_cb) (struct cfspi_ifc *ifc); + + This function is called by the CAIF SPI slave device in order to + report that a transfer is completed. This function should only be + called once both the transmission and the reception are completed. + This function can be called from IRQ context (recommended in order + not to introduce latency). The ifc parameter should be the pointer + returned from the platform probe function in the SPI device structure. + + - Connecting the bits and pieces: + + - Filling in the SPI slave device structure: + + Connect the necessary callback functions. + Indicate clock speed (used to calculate toggle delays). + Chose a suitable name (helps debugging if you use several CAIF + SPI slave devices). + Assign your private data (can be used to map to your structure). + + - Filling in the SPI slave platform device structure: + Add name of driver to connect to ("cfspi_sspi"). + Assign the SPI slave device structure as platform data. + +- Padding: + +In order to optimize throughput, a number of SPI padding options are provided. +Padding can be enabled independently for uplink and downlink transfers. +Padding can be enabled for the head, the tail and for the total frame size. +The padding needs to be correctly configured on both sides of the link. +The padding can be changed via module parameters in cfspi_sspi.c or via +the sysfs directory of the cfspi_sspi driver (before device registration). + +- CAIF SPI device template: + +/* + * Copyright (C) ST-Ericsson AB 2010 + * Author: Daniel Martensson / Daniel.Martensson@stericsson.com + * License terms: GNU General Public License (GPL), version 2. + * + */ + +#include <linux/init.h> +#include <linux/module.h> +#include <linux/device.h> +#include <linux/wait.h> +#include <linux/interrupt.h> +#include <linux/dma-mapping.h> +#include <net/caif/caif_spi.h> + +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); + +struct sspi_struct { + struct cfspi_dev sdev; + struct cfspi_xfer *xfer; +}; + +static struct sspi_struct slave; +static struct platform_device slave_device; + +static irqreturn_t sspi_irq(int irq, void *arg) +{ + /* You only need to trigger on an edge to the active state of the + * SS signal. Once a edge is detected, the ss_cb() function should be + * called with the parameter assert set to true. It is OK + * (and even advised) to call the ss_cb() function in IRQ context in + * order not to add any delay. */ + + return IRQ_HANDLED; +} + +static void sspi_complete(void *context) +{ + /* Normally the DMA or the SPI framework will call you back + * in something similar to this. The only thing you need to + * do is to call the xfer_done_cb() function, providing the pointer + * to the CAIF SPI interface. It is OK to call this function + * from IRQ context. */ +} + +static int sspi_init_xfer(struct cfspi_xfer *xfer, struct cfspi_dev *dev) +{ + /* Store transfer info. For a normal implementation you should + * set up your DMA here and make sure that you are ready to + * receive the data from the master SPI. */ + + struct sspi_struct *sspi = (struct sspi_struct *)dev->priv; + + sspi->xfer = xfer; + + return 0; +} + +void sspi_sig_xfer(bool xfer, struct cfspi_dev *dev) +{ + /* If xfer is true then you should assert the SPI_INT to indicate to + * the master that you are ready to recieve the data from the master + * SPI. If xfer is false then you should de-assert SPI_INT to indicate + * that the transfer is done. + */ + + struct sspi_struct *sspi = (struct sspi_struct *)dev->priv; +} + +static void sspi_release(struct device *dev) +{ + /* + * Here you should release your SPI device resources. + */ +} + +static int __init sspi_init(void) +{ + /* Here you should initialize your SPI device by providing the + * necessary functions, clock speed, name and private data. Once + * done, you can register your device with the + * platform_device_register() function. This function will return + * with the CAIF SPI interface initialized. This is probably also + * the place where you should set up your GPIOs, interrupts and SPI + * resources. */ + + int res = 0; + + /* Initialize slave device. */ + slave.sdev.init_xfer = sspi_init_xfer; + slave.sdev.sig_xfer = sspi_sig_xfer; + slave.sdev.clk_mhz = 13; + slave.sdev.priv = &slave; + slave.sdev.name = "spi_sspi"; + slave_device.dev.release = sspi_release; + + /* Initialize platform device. */ + slave_device.name = "cfspi_sspi"; + slave_device.dev.platform_data = &slave.sdev; + + /* Register platform device. */ + res = platform_device_register(&slave_device); + if (res) { + printk(KERN_WARNING "sspi_init: failed to register dev.\n"); + return -ENODEV; + } + + return res; +} + +static void __exit sspi_exit(void) +{ + platform_device_del(&slave_device); +} + +module_init(sspi_init); +module_exit(sspi_exit); diff --git a/Documentation/networking/decnet.txt b/Documentation/networking/decnet.txt index d896895..e12a490 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/decnet.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/decnet.txt @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ 1) Other documentation.... o Project Home Pages - http://www.chygwyn.com/DECnet/ - Kernel info + http://www.chygwyn.com/ - Kernel info http://linux-decnet.sourceforge.net/ - Userland tools http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/linux-decnet/ - Status page diff --git a/Documentation/networking/dns_resolver.txt b/Documentation/networking/dns_resolver.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aefd1e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/networking/dns_resolver.txt @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ + =================== + DNS Resolver Module + =================== + +Contents: + + - Overview. + - Compilation. + - Setting up. + - Usage. + - Mechanism. + - Debugging. + + +======== +OVERVIEW +======== + +The DNS resolver module provides a way for kernel services to make DNS queries +by way of requesting a key of key type dns_resolver. These queries are +upcalled to userspace through /sbin/request-key. + +These routines must be supported by userspace tools dns.upcall, cifs.upcall and +request-key. It is under development and does not yet provide the full feature +set. The features it does support include: + + (*) Implements the dns_resolver key_type to contact userspace. + +It does not yet support the following AFS features: + + (*) Dns query support for AFSDB resource record. + +This code is extracted from the CIFS filesystem. + + +=========== +COMPILATION +=========== + +The module should be enabled by turning on the kernel configuration options: + + CONFIG_DNS_RESOLVER - tristate "DNS Resolver support" + + +========== +SETTING UP +========== + +To set up this facility, the /etc/request-key.conf file must be altered so that +/sbin/request-key can appropriately direct the upcalls. For example, to handle +basic dname to IPv4/IPv6 address resolution, the following line should be +added: + + #OP TYPE DESC CO-INFO PROGRAM ARG1 ARG2 ARG3 ... + #====== ============ ======= ======= ========================== + create dns_resolver * * /usr/sbin/cifs.upcall %k + +To direct a query for query type 'foo', a line of the following should be added +before the more general line given above as the first match is the one taken. + + create dns_resolver foo:* * /usr/sbin/dns.foo %k + + + +===== +USAGE +===== + +To make use of this facility, one of the following functions that are +implemented in the module can be called after doing: + + #include <linux/dns_resolver.h> + + (1) int dns_query(const char *type, const char *name, size_t namelen, + const char *options, char **_result, time_t *_expiry); + + This is the basic access function. It looks for a cached DNS query and if + it doesn't find it, it upcalls to userspace to make a new DNS query, which + may then be cached. The key description is constructed as a string of the + form: + + [<type>:]<name> + + where <type> optionally specifies the particular upcall program to invoke, + and thus the type of query to do, and <name> specifies the string to be + looked up. The default query type is a straight hostname to IP address + set lookup. + + The name parameter is not required to be a NUL-terminated string, and its + length should be given by the namelen argument. + + The options parameter may be NULL or it may be a set of options + appropriate to the query type. + + The return value is a string appropriate to the query type. For instance, + for the default query type it is just a list of comma-separated IPv4 and + IPv6 addresses. The caller must free the result. + + The length of the result string is returned on success, and a negative + error code is returned otherwise. -EKEYREJECTED will be returned if the + DNS lookup failed. + + If _expiry is non-NULL, the expiry time (TTL) of the result will be + returned also. + + +========= +MECHANISM +========= + +The dnsresolver module registers a key type called "dns_resolver". Keys of +this type are used to transport and cache DNS lookup results from userspace. + +When dns_query() is invoked, it calls request_key() to search the local +keyrings for a cached DNS result. If that fails to find one, it upcalls to +userspace to get a new result. + +Upcalls to userspace are made through the request_key() upcall vector, and are +directed by means of configuration lines in /etc/request-key.conf that tell +/sbin/request-key what program to run to instantiate the key. + +The upcall handler program is responsible for querying the DNS, processing the +result into a form suitable for passing to the keyctl_instantiate_key() +routine. This then passes the data to dns_resolver_instantiate() which strips +off and processes any options included in the data, and then attaches the +remainder of the string to the key as its payload. + +The upcall handler program should set the expiry time on the key to that of the +lowest TTL of all the records it has extracted a result from. This means that +the key will be discarded and recreated when the data it holds has expired. + +dns_query() returns a copy of the value attached to the key, or an error if +that is indicated instead. + +See <file:Documentation/keys-request-key.txt> for further information about +request-key function. + + +========= +DEBUGGING +========= + +Debugging messages can be turned on dynamically by writing a 1 into the +following file: + + /sys/module/dnsresolver/parameters/debug diff --git a/Documentation/networking/fore200e.txt b/Documentation/networking/fore200e.txt index b1f337f..6e0d2a9 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/fore200e.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/fore200e.txt @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ version. Alternative binary firmware images can be found somewhere on the ForeThought CD-ROM supplied with your adapter by FORE Systems. You can also get the latest firmware images from FORE Systems at -http://www.fore.com. Register TACTics Online and go to +http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FORE_Systems. Register TACTics Online and go to the 'software updates' pages. The firmware binaries are part of the various ForeThought software distributions. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/ifenslave.c b/Documentation/networking/ifenslave.c index 1b96ccd..2bac961 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/ifenslave.c +++ b/Documentation/networking/ifenslave.c @@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ static int enslave(char *master_ifname, char *slave_ifname) */ if (abi_ver < 1) { /* For old ABI, the master needs to be - * down before setting it's hwaddr + * down before setting its hwaddr */ res = set_if_down(master_ifname, master_flags.ifr_flags); if (res) { diff --git a/Documentation/networking/igb.txt b/Documentation/networking/igb.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ab2d718 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/networking/igb.txt @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +Linux* Base Driver for Intel(R) Network Connection +================================================== + +Intel Gigabit Linux driver. +Copyright(c) 1999 - 2010 Intel Corporation. + +Contents +======== + +- Identifying Your Adapter +- Additional Configurations +- Support + +Identifying Your Adapter +======================== + +This driver supports all 82575, 82576 and 82580-based Intel (R) gigabit network +connections. + +For specific information on how to identify your adapter, go to the Adapter & +Driver ID Guide at: + + http://support.intel.com/support/go/network/adapter/idguide.htm + +Command Line Parameters +======================= + +The default value for each parameter is generally the recommended setting, +unless otherwise noted. + +max_vfs +------- +Valid Range: 0-7 +Default Value: 0 + +This parameter adds support for SR-IOV. It causes the driver to spawn up to +max_vfs worth of virtual function. + +Additional Configurations +========================= + + Jumbo Frames + ------------ + Jumbo Frames support is enabled by changing the MTU to a value larger than + the default of 1500. Use the ifconfig command to increase the MTU size. + For example: + + ifconfig eth<x> mtu 9000 up + + This setting is not saved across reboots. + + Notes: + + - The maximum MTU setting for Jumbo Frames is 9216. This value coincides + with the maximum Jumbo Frames size of 9234 bytes. + + - Using Jumbo Frames at 10 or 100 Mbps may result in poor performance or + loss of link. + + Ethtool + ------- + The driver utilizes the ethtool interface for driver configuration and + diagnostics, as well as displaying statistical information. + + http://sourceforge.net/projects/gkernel. + + Enabling Wake on LAN* (WoL) + --------------------------- + WoL is configured through the Ethtool* utility. + + For instructions on enabling WoL with Ethtool, refer to the Ethtool man page. + + WoL will be enabled on the system during the next shut down or reboot. + For this driver version, in order to enable WoL, the igb driver must be + loaded when shutting down or rebooting the system. + + Wake On LAN is only supported on port A of multi-port adapters. + + Wake On LAN is not supported for the Intel(R) Gigabit VT Quad Port Server + Adapter. + + Multiqueue + ---------- + In this mode, a separate MSI-X vector is allocated for each queue and one + for "other" interrupts such as link status change and errors. All + interrupts are throttled via interrupt moderation. Interrupt moderation + must be used to avoid interrupt storms while the driver is processing one + interrupt. The moderation value should be at least as large as the expected + time for the driver to process an interrupt. Multiqueue is off by default. + + REQUIREMENTS: MSI-X support is required for Multiqueue. If MSI-X is not + found, the system will fallback to MSI or to Legacy interrupts. + + LRO + --- + Large Receive Offload (LRO) is a technique for increasing inbound throughput + of high-bandwidth network connections by reducing CPU overhead. It works by + aggregating multiple incoming packets from a single stream into a larger + buffer before they are passed higher up the networking stack, thus reducing + the number of packets that have to be processed. LRO combines multiple + Ethernet frames into a single receive in the stack, thereby potentially + decreasing CPU utilization for receives. + + NOTE: You need to have inet_lro enabled via either the CONFIG_INET_LRO or + CONFIG_INET_LRO_MODULE kernel config option. Additionally, if + CONFIG_INET_LRO_MODULE is used, the inet_lro module needs to be loaded + before the igb driver. + + You can verify that the driver is using LRO by looking at these counters in + Ethtool: + + lro_aggregated - count of total packets that were combined + lro_flushed - counts the number of packets flushed out of LRO + lro_no_desc - counts the number of times an LRO descriptor was not available + for the LRO packet + + NOTE: IPv6 and UDP are not supported by LRO. + +Support +======= + +For general information, go to the Intel support website at: + + www.intel.com/support/ + +or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at: + + http://sourceforge.net/projects/e1000 + +If an issue is identified with the released source code on the supported +kernel with a supported adapter, email the specific information related +to the issue to e1000-devel@lists.sf.net diff --git a/Documentation/networking/igbvf.txt b/Documentation/networking/igbvf.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..05602813 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/networking/igbvf.txt @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +Linux* Base Driver for Intel(R) Network Connection +================================================== + +Intel Gigabit Linux driver. +Copyright(c) 1999 - 2010 Intel Corporation. + +Contents +======== + +- Identifying Your Adapter +- Additional Configurations +- Support + +This file describes the igbvf Linux* Base Driver for Intel Network Connection. + +The igbvf driver supports 82576-based virtual function devices that can only +be activated on kernels that support SR-IOV. SR-IOV requires the correct +platform and OS support. + +The igbvf driver requires the igb driver, version 2.0 or later. The igbvf +driver supports virtual functions generated by the igb driver with a max_vfs +value of 1 or greater. For more information on the max_vfs parameter refer +to the README included with the igb driver. + +The guest OS loading the igbvf driver must support MSI-X interrupts. + +This driver is only supported as a loadable module at this time. Intel is +not supplying patches against the kernel source to allow for static linking +of the driver. For questions related to hardware requirements, refer to the +documentation supplied with your Intel Gigabit adapter. All hardware +requirements listed apply to use with Linux. + +Instructions on updating ethtool can be found in the section "Additional +Configurations" later in this document. + +VLANs: There is a limit of a total of 32 shared VLANs to 1 or more VFs. + +Identifying Your Adapter +======================== + +The igbvf driver supports 82576-based virtual function devices that can only +be activated on kernels that support SR-IOV. + +For more information on how to identify your adapter, go to the Adapter & +Driver ID Guide at: + + http://support.intel.com/support/go/network/adapter/idguide.htm + +For the latest Intel network drivers for Linux, refer to the following +website. In the search field, enter your adapter name or type, or use the +networking link on the left to search for your adapter: + + http://downloadcenter.intel.com/scripts-df-external/Support_Intel.aspx + +Additional Configurations +========================= + + Ethtool + ------- + The driver utilizes the ethtool interface for driver configuration and + diagnostics, as well as displaying statistical information. + + http://sourceforge.net/projects/gkernel. + +Support +======= + +For general information, go to the Intel support website at: + + http://support.intel.com + +or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at: + + http://sourceforge.net/projects/e1000 + +If an issue is identified with the released source code on the supported +kernel with a supported adapter, email the specific information related +to the issue to e1000-devel@lists.sf.net diff --git a/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt b/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt index 8b72c88..f350c69 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt @@ -588,6 +588,37 @@ ip_local_port_range - 2 INTEGERS (i.e. by default) range 1024-4999 is enough to issue up to 2000 connections per second to systems supporting timestamps. +ip_local_reserved_ports - list of comma separated ranges + Specify the ports which are reserved for known third-party + applications. These ports will not be used by automatic port + assignments (e.g. when calling connect() or bind() with port + number 0). Explicit port allocation behavior is unchanged. + + The format used for both input and output is a comma separated + list of ranges (e.g. "1,2-4,10-10" for ports 1, 2, 3, 4 and + 10). Writing to the file will clear all previously reserved + ports and update the current list with the one given in the + input. + + Note that ip_local_port_range and ip_local_reserved_ports + settings are independent and both are considered by the kernel + when determining which ports are available for automatic port + assignments. + + You can reserve ports which are not in the current + ip_local_port_range, e.g.: + + $ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range + 32000 61000 + $ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_reserved_ports + 8080,9148 + + although this is redundant. However such a setting is useful + if later the port range is changed to a value that will + include the reserved ports. + + Default: Empty + ip_nonlocal_bind - BOOLEAN If set, allows processes to bind() to non-local IP addresses, which can be quite useful - but may break some applications. @@ -872,7 +903,7 @@ arp_ignore - INTEGER arp_notify - BOOLEAN Define mode for notification of address and device changes. 0 - (default): do nothing - 1 - Generate gratuitous arp replies when device is brought up + 1 - Generate gratuitous arp requests when device is brought up or hardware address changes. arp_accept - BOOLEAN diff --git a/Documentation/networking/ipddp.txt b/Documentation/networking/ipddp.txt index 661a555..ba5c217 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/ipddp.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/ipddp.txt @@ -36,11 +36,6 @@ AppleTalk-IP to IP decapsulation. Basic instructions for user space tools ======================================= -To enable AppleTalk-IP decapsulation/encapsulation you will need the -proper tools. You can get the tools for decapsulation from -http://spacs1.spacs.k12.wi.us/~jschlst/index.html and for encapsulation -from http://www.maths.unm.edu/~bradford/ltpc.html - I will briefly describe the operation of the tools, but you will need to consult the supporting documentation for each set of tools. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/iphase.txt b/Documentation/networking/iphase.txt index 55eac4a..670b72f 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/iphase.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/iphase.txt @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ The features and limitations of this driver are as follows: - All variants of Interphase ATM PCI (i)Chip adapter cards are supported, including x575 (OC3, control memory 128K , 512K and packet memory 128K, 512K and 1M), x525 (UTP25) and x531 (DS3 and E3). See - http://www.iphase.com/site/iphase-web/?epi_menuItemID=e196f04b4b3b40502f150882e21046a0 + http://www.iphase.com/ for details. - Only x86 platforms are supported. - SMP is supported. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/l2tp.txt b/Documentation/networking/l2tp.txt index 63214b2..e7bf397 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/l2tp.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/l2tp.txt @@ -1,44 +1,95 @@ -This brief document describes how to use the kernel's PPPoL2TP driver -to provide L2TP functionality. L2TP is a protocol that tunnels one or -more PPP sessions over a UDP tunnel. It is commonly used for VPNs +This document describes how to use the kernel's L2TP drivers to +provide L2TP functionality. L2TP is a protocol that tunnels one or +more sessions over an IP tunnel. It is commonly used for VPNs (L2TP/IPSec) and by ISPs to tunnel subscriber PPP sessions over an IP -network infrastructure. +network infrastructure. With L2TPv3, it is also useful as a Layer-2 +tunneling infrastructure. + +Features +======== + +L2TPv2 (PPP over L2TP (UDP tunnels)). +L2TPv3 ethernet pseudowires. +L2TPv3 PPP pseudowires. +L2TPv3 IP encapsulation. +Netlink sockets for L2TPv3 configuration management. + +History +======= + +The original pppol2tp driver was introduced in 2.6.23 and provided +L2TPv2 functionality (rfc2661). L2TPv2 is used to tunnel one or more PPP +sessions over a UDP tunnel. + +L2TPv3 (rfc3931) changes the protocol to allow different frame types +to be passed over an L2TP tunnel by moving the PPP-specific parts of +the protocol out of the core L2TP packet headers. Each frame type is +known as a pseudowire type. Ethernet, PPP, HDLC, Frame Relay and ATM +pseudowires for L2TP are defined in separate RFC standards. Another +change for L2TPv3 is that it can be carried directly over IP with no +UDP header (UDP is optional). It is also possible to create static +unmanaged L2TPv3 tunnels manually without a control protocol +(userspace daemon) to manage them. + +To support L2TPv3, the original pppol2tp driver was split up to +separate the L2TP and PPP functionality. Existing L2TPv2 userspace +apps should be unaffected as the original pppol2tp sockets API is +retained. L2TPv3, however, uses netlink to manage L2TPv3 tunnels and +sessions. Design ====== -The PPPoL2TP driver, drivers/net/pppol2tp.c, provides a mechanism by -which PPP frames carried through an L2TP session are passed through -the kernel's PPP subsystem. The standard PPP daemon, pppd, handles all -PPP interaction with the peer. PPP network interfaces are created for -each local PPP endpoint. - -The L2TP protocol http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2661.html defines L2TP -control and data frames. L2TP control frames carry messages between -L2TP clients/servers and are used to setup / teardown tunnels and -sessions. An L2TP client or server is implemented in userspace and -will use a regular UDP socket per tunnel. L2TP data frames carry PPP -frames, which may be PPP control or PPP data. The kernel's PPP +The L2TP protocol separates control and data frames. The L2TP kernel +drivers handle only L2TP data frames; control frames are always +handled by userspace. L2TP control frames carry messages between L2TP +clients/servers and are used to setup / teardown tunnels and +sessions. An L2TP client or server is implemented in userspace. + +Each L2TP tunnel is implemented using a UDP or L2TPIP socket; L2TPIP +provides L2TPv3 IP encapsulation (no UDP) and is implemented using a +new l2tpip socket family. The tunnel socket is typically created by +userspace, though for unmanaged L2TPv3 tunnels, the socket can also be +created by the kernel. Each L2TP session (pseudowire) gets a network +interface instance. In the case of PPP, these interfaces are created +indirectly by pppd using a pppol2tp socket. In the case of ethernet, +the netdevice is created upon a netlink request to create an L2TPv3 +ethernet pseudowire. + +For PPP, the PPPoL2TP driver, net/l2tp/l2tp_ppp.c, provides a +mechanism by which PPP frames carried through an L2TP session are +passed through the kernel's PPP subsystem. The standard PPP daemon, +pppd, handles all PPP interaction with the peer. PPP network +interfaces are created for each local PPP endpoint. The kernel's PPP subsystem arranges for PPP control frames to be delivered to pppd, while data frames are forwarded as usual. +For ethernet, the L2TPETH driver, net/l2tp/l2tp_eth.c, implements a +netdevice driver, managing virtual ethernet devices, one per +pseudowire. These interfaces can be managed using standard Linux tools +such as "ip" and "ifconfig". If only IP frames are passed over the +tunnel, the interface can be given an IP addresses of itself and its +peer. If non-IP frames are to be passed over the tunnel, the interface +can be added to a bridge using brctl. All L2TP datapath protocol +functions are handled by the L2TP core driver. + Each tunnel and session within a tunnel is assigned a unique tunnel_id and session_id. These ids are carried in the L2TP header of every -control and data packet. The pppol2tp driver uses them to lookup -internal tunnel and/or session contexts. Zero tunnel / session ids are -treated specially - zero ids are never assigned to tunnels or sessions -in the network. In the driver, the tunnel context keeps a pointer to -the tunnel UDP socket. The session context keeps a pointer to the -PPPoL2TP socket, as well as other data that lets the driver interface -to the kernel PPP subsystem. - -Note that the pppol2tp kernel driver handles only L2TP data frames; -L2TP control frames are simply passed up to userspace in the UDP -tunnel socket. The kernel handles all datapath aspects of the -protocol, including data packet resequencing (if enabled). - -There are a number of requirements on the userspace L2TP daemon in -order to use the pppol2tp driver. +control and data packet. (Actually, in L2TPv3, the tunnel_id isn't +present in data frames - it is inferred from the IP connection on +which the packet was received.) The L2TP driver uses the ids to lookup +internal tunnel and/or session contexts to determine how to handle the +packet. Zero tunnel / session ids are treated specially - zero ids are +never assigned to tunnels or sessions in the network. In the driver, +the tunnel context keeps a reference to the tunnel UDP or L2TPIP +socket. The session context holds data that lets the driver interface +to the kernel's network frame type subsystems, i.e. PPP, ethernet. + +Userspace Programming +===================== + +For L2TPv2, there are a number of requirements on the userspace L2TP +daemon in order to use the pppol2tp driver. 1. Use a UDP socket per tunnel. @@ -86,6 +137,35 @@ In addition to the standard PPP ioctls, a PPPIOCGL2TPSTATS is provided to retrieve tunnel and session statistics from the kernel using the PPPoX socket of the appropriate tunnel or session. +For L2TPv3, userspace must use the netlink API defined in +include/linux/l2tp.h to manage tunnel and session contexts. The +general procedure to create a new L2TP tunnel with one session is:- + +1. Open a GENL socket using L2TP_GENL_NAME for configuring the kernel + using netlink. + +2. Create a UDP or L2TPIP socket for the tunnel. + +3. Create a new L2TP tunnel using a L2TP_CMD_TUNNEL_CREATE + request. Set attributes according to desired tunnel parameters, + referencing the UDP or L2TPIP socket created in the previous step. + +4. Create a new L2TP session in the tunnel using a + L2TP_CMD_SESSION_CREATE request. + +The tunnel and all of its sessions are closed when the tunnel socket +is closed. The netlink API may also be used to delete sessions and +tunnels. Configuration and status info may be set or read using netlink. + +The L2TP driver also supports static (unmanaged) L2TPv3 tunnels. These +are where there is no L2TP control message exchange with the peer to +setup the tunnel; the tunnel is configured manually at each end of the +tunnel. There is no need for an L2TP userspace application in this +case -- the tunnel socket is created by the kernel and configured +using parameters sent in the L2TP_CMD_TUNNEL_CREATE netlink +request. The "ip" utility of iproute2 has commands for managing static +L2TPv3 tunnels; do "ip l2tp help" for more information. + Debugging ========= @@ -102,6 +182,69 @@ PPPOL2TP_MSG_CONTROL userspace - kernel interface PPPOL2TP_MSG_SEQ sequence numbers handling PPPOL2TP_MSG_DATA data packets +If enabled, files under a l2tp debugfs directory can be used to dump +kernel state about L2TP tunnels and sessions. To access it, the +debugfs filesystem must first be mounted. + +# mount -t debugfs debugfs /debug + +Files under the l2tp directory can then be accessed. + +# cat /debug/l2tp/tunnels + +The debugfs files should not be used by applications to obtain L2TP +state information because the file format is subject to change. It is +implemented to provide extra debug information to help diagnose +problems.) Users should use the netlink API. + +/proc/net/pppol2tp is also provided for backwards compaibility with +the original pppol2tp driver. It lists information about L2TPv2 +tunnels and sessions only. Its use is discouraged. + +Unmanaged L2TPv3 Tunnels +======================== + +Some commercial L2TP products support unmanaged L2TPv3 ethernet +tunnels, where there is no L2TP control protocol; tunnels are +configured at each side manually. New commands are available in +iproute2's ip utility to support this. + +To create an L2TPv3 ethernet pseudowire between local host 192.168.1.1 +and peer 192.168.1.2, using IP addresses 10.5.1.1 and 10.5.1.2 for the +tunnel endpoints:- + +# modprobe l2tp_eth +# modprobe l2tp_netlink + +# ip l2tp add tunnel tunnel_id 1 peer_tunnel_id 1 udp_sport 5000 \ + udp_dport 5000 encap udp local 192.168.1.1 remote 192.168.1.2 +# ip l2tp add session tunnel_id 1 session_id 1 peer_session_id 1 +# ifconfig -a +# ip addr add 10.5.1.2/32 peer 10.5.1.1/32 dev l2tpeth0 +# ifconfig l2tpeth0 up + +Choose IP addresses to be the address of a local IP interface and that +of the remote system. The IP addresses of the l2tpeth0 interface can be +anything suitable. + +Repeat the above at the peer, with ports, tunnel/session ids and IP +addresses reversed. The tunnel and session IDs can be any non-zero +32-bit number, but the values must be reversed at the peer. + +Host 1 Host2 +udp_sport=5000 udp_sport=5001 +udp_dport=5001 udp_dport=5000 +tunnel_id=42 tunnel_id=45 +peer_tunnel_id=45 peer_tunnel_id=42 +session_id=128 session_id=5196755 +peer_session_id=5196755 peer_session_id=128 + +When done at both ends of the tunnel, it should be possible to send +data over the network. e.g. + +# ping 10.5.1.1 + + Sample Userspace Code ===================== @@ -158,12 +301,48 @@ Sample Userspace Code } return 0; +Internal Implementation +======================= + +The driver keeps a struct l2tp_tunnel context per L2TP tunnel and a +struct l2tp_session context for each session. The l2tp_tunnel is +always associated with a UDP or L2TP/IP socket and keeps a list of +sessions in the tunnel. The l2tp_session context keeps kernel state +about the session. It has private data which is used for data specific +to the session type. With L2TPv2, the session always carried PPP +traffic. With L2TPv3, the session can also carry ethernet frames +(ethernet pseudowire) or other data types such as ATM, HDLC or Frame +Relay. + +When a tunnel is first opened, the reference count on the socket is +increased using sock_hold(). This ensures that the kernel socket +cannot be removed while L2TP's data structures reference it. + +Some L2TP sessions also have a socket (PPP pseudowires) while others +do not (ethernet pseudowires). We can't use the socket reference count +as the reference count for session contexts. The L2TP implementation +therefore has its own internal reference counts on the session +contexts. + +To Do +===== + +Add L2TP tunnel switching support. This would route tunneled traffic +from one L2TP tunnel into another. Specified in +http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-l2tpext-tunnel-switching-08 + +Add L2TPv3 VLAN pseudowire support. + +Add L2TPv3 IP pseudowire support. + +Add L2TPv3 ATM pseudowire support. + Miscellaneous -============ +============= -The PPPoL2TP driver was developed as part of the OpenL2TP project by +The L2TP drivers were developed as part of the OpenL2TP project by Katalix Systems Ltd. OpenL2TP is a full-featured L2TP client / server, designed from the ground up to have the L2TP datapath in the kernel. The project also implemented the pppol2tp plugin for pppd which allows pppd to use the kernel driver. Details can be found at -http://openl2tp.sourceforge.net. +http://www.openl2tp.org. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/packet_mmap.txt b/Documentation/networking/packet_mmap.txt index 09ab0d2..073894d 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/packet_mmap.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/packet_mmap.txt @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ capture network traffic with utilities like tcpdump or any other that needs raw access to network interface. You can find the latest version of this document at: - http://pusa.uv.es/~ulisses/packet_mmap/ + http://wiki.ipxwarzone.com/index.php5?title=Linux_packet_mmap Howto can be found at: http://wiki.gnu-log.net (packet_mmap) @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ support for PACKET_MMAP, and also probably the libpcap included in your distribu I'm aware of two implementations of PACKET_MMAP in libpcap: - http://pusa.uv.es/~ulisses/packet_mmap/ (by Simon Patarin, based on libpcap 0.6.2) + http://wiki.ipxwarzone.com/ (by Simon Patarin, based on libpcap 0.6.2) http://public.lanl.gov/cpw/ (by Phil Wood, based on lastest libpcap) The rest of this document is intended for people who want to understand @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ by the kernel. The destruction of the socket and all associated resources is done by a simple call to close(fd). -Next I will describe PACKET_MMAP settings and it's constraints, +Next I will describe PACKET_MMAP settings and its constraints, also the mapping of the circular buffer in the user process and the use of this buffer. @@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ TP_STATUS_LOSING : indicates there were packet drops from last time the PACKET_STATISTICS option. TP_STATUS_CSUMNOTREADY: currently it's used for outgoing IP packets which - it's checksum will be done in hardware. So while + its checksum will be done in hardware. So while reading the packet we should not try to check the checksum. @@ -493,6 +493,32 @@ The user can also use poll() to check if a buffer is available: pfd.events = POLLOUT; retval = poll(&pfd, 1, timeout); +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ++ PACKET_TIMESTAMP +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +The PACKET_TIMESTAMP setting determines the source of the timestamp in +the packet meta information. If your NIC is capable of timestamping +packets in hardware, you can request those hardware timestamps to used. +Note: you may need to enable the generation of hardware timestamps with +SIOCSHWTSTAMP. + +PACKET_TIMESTAMP accepts the same integer bit field as +SO_TIMESTAMPING. However, only the SOF_TIMESTAMPING_SYS_HARDWARE +and SOF_TIMESTAMPING_RAW_HARDWARE values are recognized by +PACKET_TIMESTAMP. SOF_TIMESTAMPING_SYS_HARDWARE takes precedence over +SOF_TIMESTAMPING_RAW_HARDWARE if both bits are set. + + int req = 0; + req |= SOF_TIMESTAMPING_SYS_HARDWARE; + setsockopt(fd, SOL_PACKET, PACKET_TIMESTAMP, (void *) &req, sizeof(req)) + +If PACKET_TIMESTAMP is not set, a software timestamp generated inside +the networking stack is used (the behavior before this setting was added). + +See include/linux/net_tstamp.h and Documentation/networking/timestamping +for more information on hardware timestamps. + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + THANKS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/networking/pktgen.txt b/Documentation/networking/pktgen.txt index 61bb645..75e4fd7 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/pktgen.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/pktgen.txt @@ -151,6 +151,8 @@ Examples: pgset stop aborts injection. Also, ^C aborts generator. + pgset "rate 300M" set rate to 300 Mb/s + pgset "ratep 1000000" set rate to 1Mpps Example scripts =============== @@ -241,6 +243,9 @@ src6 flows flowlen +rate +ratep + References: ftp://robur.slu.se/pub/Linux/net-development/pktgen-testing/ ftp://robur.slu.se/pub/Linux/net-development/pktgen-testing/examples/ diff --git a/Documentation/networking/ray_cs.txt b/Documentation/networking/ray_cs.txt index 145d27a..c0c1230 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/ray_cs.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/ray_cs.txt @@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ wireless LAN cards. As of kernel 2.3.18, the ray_cs driver is part of the Linux kernel source. My web page for the development of ray_cs is at -http://world.std.com/~corey/raylink.html and I can be emailed at -corey@world.std.com +http://web.ralinktech.com/ralink/Home/Support/Linux.html +and I can be emailed at corey@world.std.com The kernel driver is based on ray_cs-1.62.tgz diff --git a/Documentation/networking/s2io.txt b/Documentation/networking/s2io.txt index c3d6b4d..9d4e0f4 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/s2io.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/s2io.txt @@ -133,7 +133,8 @@ bring down CPU utilization. ** For AMD opteron platforms with 8131 chipset, MMRBC=1 and MOST=1 are recommended as safe parameters. For more information, please review the AMD8131 errata at -http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/white_papers_and_tech_docs/26310.pdf +http://vip.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/white_papers_and_tech_docs/ +26310_AMD-8131_HyperTransport_PCI-X_Tunnel_Revision_Guide_rev_3_18.pdf 6. Available Downloads Neterion "s2io" driver in Red Hat and Suse 2.6-based distributions is kept up diff --git a/Documentation/networking/tlan.txt b/Documentation/networking/tlan.txt index 7e6aa5b..34550df 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/tlan.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/tlan.txt @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ (C) 1998 James Banks (C) 1999-2001 Torben Mathiasen <tmm@image.dk, torben.mathiasen@compaq.com> -For driver information/updates visit http://opensource.compaq.com +For driver information/updates visit http://www.compaq.com TLAN driver for Linux, version 1.14a @@ -113,5 +113,5 @@ III. Things to try if you have problems. There is also a tlan mailing list which you can join by sending "subscribe tlan" in the body of an email to majordomo@vuser.vu.union.edu. -There is also a tlan website at http://opensource.compaq.com +There is also a tlan website at http://www.compaq.com diff --git a/Documentation/networking/udplite.txt b/Documentation/networking/udplite.txt index 855d8da..d727a38 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/udplite.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/udplite.txt @@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ This file briefly describes the existing kernel support and the socket API. For in-depth information, you can consult: - o The UDP-Lite Homepage: http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gerrit/udp-lite/ + o The UDP-Lite Homepage: + http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gerrit/udp-lite/ From here you can also download some example application source code. o The UDP-Lite HOWTO on - http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gerrit/udp-lite/files/UDP-Lite-HOWTO.txt + http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gerrit/udp-lite/ + files/UDP-Lite-HOWTO.txt o The Wireshark UDP-Lite WiKi (with capture files): http://wiki.wireshark.org/Lightweight_User_Datagram_Protocol @@ -26,12 +28,7 @@ I) APPLICATIONS Several applications have been ported successfully to UDP-Lite. Ethereal - (now called wireshark) has UDP-Litev4/v6 support by default. The tarball on - - http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gerrit/udp-lite/files/udplite_linux.tar.gz - - has source code for several v4/v6 client-server and network testing examples. - + (now called wireshark) has UDP-Litev4/v6 support by default. Porting applications to UDP-Lite is straightforward: only socket level and IPPROTO need to be changed; senders additionally set the checksum coverage length (default = header length = 8). Details are in the next section. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/wavelan.txt b/Documentation/networking/wavelan.txt deleted file mode 100644 index afa6e52..0000000 --- a/Documentation/networking/wavelan.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ - The Wavelan drivers saga - ------------------------ - - By Jean Tourrilhes <jt@hpl.hp.com> - - The Wavelan is a Radio network adapter designed by -Lucent. Under this generic name is hidden quite a variety of hardware, -and many Linux driver to support it. - The get the full story on Wireless LANs, please consult : - http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Jean_Tourrilhes/Linux/ - -"wavelan" driver (old ISA Wavelan) ----------------- - o Config : Network device -> Wireless LAN -> AT&T WaveLAN - o Location : .../drivers/net/wireless/wavelan* - o in-line doc : .../drivers/net/wireless/wavelan.p.h - o on-line doc : - http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Jean_Tourrilhes/Linux/Wavelan.html - - This is the driver for the ISA version of the first generation -of the Wavelan, now discontinued. The device is 2 Mb/s, composed of a -Intel 82586 controller and a Lucent Modem, and is NOT 802.11 compliant. - The driver has been tested with the following hardware : - o Wavelan ISA 915 MHz (full length ISA card) - o Wavelan ISA 915 MHz 2.0 (half length ISA card) - o Wavelan ISA 2.4 GHz (full length ISA card, fixed frequency) - o Wavelan ISA 2.4 GHz 2.0 (half length ISA card, frequency selectable) - o Above cards with the optional DES encryption feature - -"wavelan_cs" driver (old Pcmcia Wavelan) -------------------- - o Config : Network device -> PCMCIA network -> - Pcmcia Wireless LAN -> AT&T/Lucent WaveLAN - o Location : .../drivers/net/pcmcia/wavelan* - o in-line doc : .../drivers/net/pcmcia/wavelan_cs.h - o on-line doc : - http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Jean_Tourrilhes/Linux/Wavelan.html - - This is the driver for the PCMCIA version of the first -generation of the Wavelan, now discontinued. The device is 2 Mb/s, -composed of a Intel 82593 controller (totally different from the 82586) -and a Lucent Modem, and NOT 802.11 compatible. - The driver has been tested with the following hardware : - o Wavelan Pcmcia 915 MHz 2.0 (Pcmcia card + separate - modem/antenna block) - o Wavelan Pcmcia 2.4 GHz 2.0 (Pcmcia card + separate - modem/antenna block) - -"wvlan_cs" driver (Wavelan IEEE, GPL) ------------------ - o Config : Not yet in kernel - o Location : Pcmcia package 3.1.10+ - o on-line doc : http://www.fasta.fh-dortmund.de/users/andy/wvlan/ - - This is the driver for the current generation of Wavelan IEEE, -which is 802.11 compatible. Depending on version, it is 2 Mb/s or 11 -Mb/s, with or without encryption, all implemented in Lucent specific -DSP (the Hermes). - This is a GPL full source PCMCIA driver (ISA is just a Pcmcia -card with ISA-Pcmcia bridge). - -"wavelan2_cs" driver (Wavelan IEEE, binary) --------------------- - o Config : Not yet in kernel - o Location : ftp://sourceforge.org/pcmcia/contrib/ - - This driver support exactly the same hardware as the previous -driver, the main difference is that it is based on a binary library -and supported by Lucent. - - I hope it clears the confusion ;-) - - Jean diff --git a/Documentation/networking/x25-iface.txt b/Documentation/networking/x25-iface.txt index 975cc87..78f662e 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/x25-iface.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/x25-iface.txt @@ -20,23 +20,23 @@ the rest of the skbuff, if any more information does exist. Packet Layer to Device Driver ----------------------------- -First Byte = 0x00 +First Byte = 0x00 (X25_IFACE_DATA) This indicates that the rest of the skbuff contains data to be transmitted over the LAPB link. The LAPB link should already exist before any data is passed down. -First Byte = 0x01 +First Byte = 0x01 (X25_IFACE_CONNECT) Establish the LAPB link. If the link is already established then the connect confirmation message should be returned as soon as possible. -First Byte = 0x02 +First Byte = 0x02 (X25_IFACE_DISCONNECT) Terminate the LAPB link. If it is already disconnected then the disconnect confirmation message should be returned as soon as possible. -First Byte = 0x03 +First Byte = 0x03 (X25_IFACE_PARAMS) LAPB parameters. To be defined. @@ -44,22 +44,22 @@ LAPB parameters. To be defined. Device Driver to Packet Layer ----------------------------- -First Byte = 0x00 +First Byte = 0x00 (X25_IFACE_DATA) This indicates that the rest of the skbuff contains data that has been received over the LAPB link. -First Byte = 0x01 +First Byte = 0x01 (X25_IFACE_CONNECT) LAPB link has been established. The same message is used for both a LAPB link connect_confirmation and a connect_indication. -First Byte = 0x02 +First Byte = 0x02 (X25_IFACE_DISCONNECT) LAPB link has been terminated. This same message is used for both a LAPB link disconnect_confirmation and a disconnect_indication. -First Byte = 0x03 +First Byte = 0x03 (X25_IFACE_PARAMS) LAPB parameters. To be defined. diff --git a/Documentation/oops-tracing.txt b/Documentation/oops-tracing.txt index c10c022..6fe9001 100644 --- a/Documentation/oops-tracing.txt +++ b/Documentation/oops-tracing.txt @@ -256,9 +256,13 @@ characters, each representing a particular tainted value. 9: 'A' if the ACPI table has been overridden. 10: 'W' if a warning has previously been issued by the kernel. + (Though some warnings may set more specific taint flags.) 11: 'C' if a staging driver has been loaded. + 12: 'I' if the kernel is working around a severe bug in the platform + firmware (BIOS or similar). + The primary reason for the 'Tainted: ' string is to tell kernel debuggers if this is a clean kernel or if anything unusual has occurred. Tainting is permanent: even if an offending module is diff --git a/Documentation/padata.txt b/Documentation/padata.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7ddfe21 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/padata.txt @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +The padata parallel execution mechanism +Last updated for 2.6.36 + +Padata is a mechanism by which the kernel can farm work out to be done in +parallel on multiple CPUs while retaining the ordering of tasks. It was +developed for use with the IPsec code, which needs to be able to perform +encryption and decryption on large numbers of packets without reordering +those packets. The crypto developers made a point of writing padata in a +sufficiently general fashion that it could be put to other uses as well. + +The first step in using padata is to set up a padata_instance structure for +overall control of how tasks are to be run: + + #include <linux/padata.h> + + struct padata_instance *padata_alloc(struct workqueue_struct *wq, + const struct cpumask *pcpumask, + const struct cpumask *cbcpumask); + +The pcpumask describes which processors will be used to execute work +submitted to this instance in parallel. The cbcpumask defines which +processors are allowed to be used as the serialization callback processor. +The workqueue wq is where the work will actually be done; it should be +a multithreaded queue, naturally. + +To allocate a padata instance with the cpu_possible_mask for both +cpumasks this helper function can be used: + + struct padata_instance *padata_alloc_possible(struct workqueue_struct *wq); + +Note: Padata maintains two kinds of cpumasks internally. The user supplied +cpumasks, submitted by padata_alloc/padata_alloc_possible and the 'usable' +cpumasks. The usable cpumasks are always a subset of active CPUs in the +user supplied cpumasks; these are the cpumasks padata actually uses. So +it is legal to supply a cpumask to padata that contains offline CPUs. +Once an offline CPU in the user supplied cpumask comes online, padata +is going to use it. + +There are functions for enabling and disabling the instance: + + int padata_start(struct padata_instance *pinst); + void padata_stop(struct padata_instance *pinst); + +These functions are setting or clearing the "PADATA_INIT" flag; +if that flag is not set, other functions will refuse to work. +padata_start returns zero on success (flag set) or -EINVAL if the +padata cpumask contains no active CPU (flag not set). +padata_stop clears the flag and blocks until the padata instance +is unused. + +The list of CPUs to be used can be adjusted with these functions: + + int padata_set_cpumasks(struct padata_instance *pinst, + cpumask_var_t pcpumask, + cpumask_var_t cbcpumask); + int padata_set_cpumask(struct padata_instance *pinst, int cpumask_type, + cpumask_var_t cpumask); + int padata_add_cpu(struct padata_instance *pinst, int cpu, int mask); + int padata_remove_cpu(struct padata_instance *pinst, int cpu, int mask); + +Changing the CPU masks are expensive operations, though, so it should not be +done with great frequency. + +It's possible to change both cpumasks of a padata instance with +padata_set_cpumasks by specifying the cpumasks for parallel execution (pcpumask) +and for the serial callback function (cbcpumask). padata_set_cpumask is used to +change just one of the cpumasks. Here cpumask_type is one of PADATA_CPU_SERIAL, +PADATA_CPU_PARALLEL and cpumask specifies the new cpumask to use. +To simply add or remove one CPU from a certain cpumask the functions +padata_add_cpu/padata_remove_cpu are used. cpu specifies the CPU to add or +remove and mask is one of PADATA_CPU_SERIAL, PADATA_CPU_PARALLEL. + +If a user is interested in padata cpumask changes, he can register to +the padata cpumask change notifier: + + int padata_register_cpumask_notifier(struct padata_instance *pinst, + struct notifier_block *nblock); + +To unregister from that notifier: + + int padata_unregister_cpumask_notifier(struct padata_instance *pinst, + struct notifier_block *nblock); + +The padata cpumask change notifier notifies about changes of the usable +cpumasks, i.e. the subset of active CPUs in the user supplied cpumask. + +Padata calls the notifier chain with: + + blocking_notifier_call_chain(&pinst->cpumask_change_notifier, + notification_mask, + &pd_new->cpumask); + +Here cpumask_change_notifier is registered notifier, notification_mask +is one of PADATA_CPU_SERIAL, PADATA_CPU_PARALLEL and cpumask is a pointer +to a struct padata_cpumask that contains the new cpumask information. + +Actually submitting work to the padata instance requires the creation of a +padata_priv structure: + + struct padata_priv { + /* Other stuff here... */ + void (*parallel)(struct padata_priv *padata); + void (*serial)(struct padata_priv *padata); + }; + +This structure will almost certainly be embedded within some larger +structure specific to the work to be done. Most of its fields are private to +padata, but the structure should be zeroed at initialisation time, and the +parallel() and serial() functions should be provided. Those functions will +be called in the process of getting the work done as we will see +momentarily. + +The submission of work is done with: + + int padata_do_parallel(struct padata_instance *pinst, + struct padata_priv *padata, int cb_cpu); + +The pinst and padata structures must be set up as described above; cb_cpu +specifies which CPU will be used for the final callback when the work is +done; it must be in the current instance's CPU mask. The return value from +padata_do_parallel() is zero on success, indicating that the work is in +progress. -EBUSY means that somebody, somewhere else is messing with the +instance's CPU mask, while -EINVAL is a complaint about cb_cpu not being +in that CPU mask or about a not running instance. + +Each task submitted to padata_do_parallel() will, in turn, be passed to +exactly one call to the above-mentioned parallel() function, on one CPU, so +true parallelism is achieved by submitting multiple tasks. Despite the +fact that the workqueue is used to make these calls, parallel() is run with +software interrupts disabled and thus cannot sleep. The parallel() +function gets the padata_priv structure pointer as its lone parameter; +information about the actual work to be done is probably obtained by using +container_of() to find the enclosing structure. + +Note that parallel() has no return value; the padata subsystem assumes that +parallel() will take responsibility for the task from this point. The work +need not be completed during this call, but, if parallel() leaves work +outstanding, it should be prepared to be called again with a new job before +the previous one completes. When a task does complete, parallel() (or +whatever function actually finishes the job) should inform padata of the +fact with a call to: + + void padata_do_serial(struct padata_priv *padata); + +At some point in the future, padata_do_serial() will trigger a call to the +serial() function in the padata_priv structure. That call will happen on +the CPU requested in the initial call to padata_do_parallel(); it, too, is +done through the workqueue, but with local software interrupts disabled. +Note that this call may be deferred for a while since the padata code takes +pains to ensure that tasks are completed in the order in which they were +submitted. + +The one remaining function in the padata API should be called to clean up +when a padata instance is no longer needed: + + void padata_free(struct padata_instance *pinst); + +This function will busy-wait while any remaining tasks are completed, so it +might be best not to call it while there is work outstanding. Shutting +down the workqueue, if necessary, should be done separately. diff --git a/Documentation/pcmcia/driver-changes.txt b/Documentation/pcmcia/driver-changes.txt index 446f43b..26c0f9c 100644 --- a/Documentation/pcmcia/driver-changes.txt +++ b/Documentation/pcmcia/driver-changes.txt @@ -1,4 +1,29 @@ This file details changes in 2.6 which affect PCMCIA card driver authors: +* pcmcia_request_io changes (as of 2.6.36) + Instead of io_req_t, drivers are now requested to fill out + struct pcmcia_device *p_dev->resource[0,1] for up to two ioport + ranges. After a call to pcmcia_request_io(), the ports found there + are reserved, after calling pcmcia_request_configuration(), they may + be used. + +* No dev_info_t, no cs_types.h (as of 2.6.36) + dev_info_t and a few other typedefs are removed. No longer use them + in PCMCIA device drivers. Also, do not include pcmcia/cs_types.h, as + this file is gone. + +* No dev_node_t (as of 2.6.35) + There is no more need to fill out a "dev_node_t" structure. + +* New IRQ request rules (as of 2.6.35) + Instead of the old pcmcia_request_irq() interface, drivers may now + choose between: + - calling request_irq/free_irq directly. Use the IRQ from *p_dev->irq. + - use pcmcia_request_irq(p_dev, handler_t); the PCMCIA core will + clean up automatically on calls to pcmcia_disable_device() or + device ejection. + - drivers still not capable of IRQF_SHARED (or not telling us so) may + use the deprecated pcmcia_request_exclusive_irq() for the time + being; they might receive a shared IRQ nonetheless. * no cs_error / CS_CHECK / CONFIG_PCMCIA_DEBUG (as of 2.6.33) Instead of the cs_error() callback or the CS_CHECK() macro, please use diff --git a/Documentation/power/apm-acpi.txt b/Documentation/power/apm-acpi.txt index 1bd799d..6cc423d 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/apm-acpi.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/apm-acpi.txt @@ -28,5 +28,5 @@ and be sure that they are started sometime in the system boot process. Go ahead and start both. If ACPI or APM is not available on your system the associated daemon will exit gracefully. - apmd: http://worldvisions.ca/~apenwarr/apmd/ + apmd: http://ftp.debian.org/pool/main/a/apmd/ acpid: http://acpid.sf.net/ diff --git a/Documentation/power/basic-pm-debugging.txt b/Documentation/power/basic-pm-debugging.txt index 1555001..ddd78172 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/basic-pm-debugging.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/basic-pm-debugging.txt @@ -179,8 +179,7 @@ use the PM_TRACE mechanism documented in Documentation/s2ram.txt . To verify that the STR works, it is generally more convenient to use the s2ram tool available from http://suspend.sf.net and documented at -http://en.opensuse.org/s2ram . However, before doing that it is recommended to -carry out STR testing using the facility described in section 1. +http://en.opensuse.org/SDB:Suspend_to_RAM. Namely, after writing "freezer", "devices", "platform", "processors", or "core" into /sys/power/pm_test (available if the kernel is compiled with diff --git a/Documentation/power/devices.txt b/Documentation/power/devices.txt index c9abbd8..57080cd 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/devices.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/devices.txt @@ -1,7 +1,13 @@ +Device Power Management + +Copyright (c) 2010 Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>, Novell Inc. +Copyright (c) 2010 Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> + + Most of the code in Linux is device drivers, so most of the Linux power -management code is also driver-specific. Most drivers will do very little; -others, especially for platforms with small batteries (like cell phones), -will do a lot. +management (PM) code is also driver-specific. Most drivers will do very +little; others, especially for platforms with small batteries (like cell +phones), will do a lot. This writeup gives an overview of how drivers interact with system-wide power management goals, emphasizing the models and interfaces that are @@ -15,9 +21,10 @@ Drivers will use one or both of these models to put devices into low-power states: System Sleep model: - Drivers can enter low power states as part of entering system-wide - low-power states like "suspend-to-ram", or (mostly for systems with - disks) "hibernate" (suspend-to-disk). + Drivers can enter low-power states as part of entering system-wide + low-power states like "suspend" (also known as "suspend-to-RAM"), or + (mostly for systems with disks) "hibernation" (also known as + "suspend-to-disk"). This is something that device, bus, and class drivers collaborate on by implementing various role-specific suspend and resume methods to @@ -25,33 +32,41 @@ states: them without loss of data. Some drivers can manage hardware wakeup events, which make the system - leave that low-power state. This feature may be disabled using the - relevant /sys/devices/.../power/wakeup file; enabling it may cost some - power usage, but let the whole system enter low power states more often. + leave the low-power state. This feature may be enabled or disabled + using the relevant /sys/devices/.../power/wakeup file (for Ethernet + drivers the ioctl interface used by ethtool may also be used for this + purpose); enabling it may cost some power usage, but let the whole + system enter low-power states more often. Runtime Power Management model: - Drivers may also enter low power states while the system is running, - independently of other power management activity. Upstream drivers - will normally not know (or care) if the device is in some low power - state when issuing requests; the driver will auto-resume anything - that's needed when it gets a request. - - This doesn't have, or need much infrastructure; it's just something you - should do when writing your drivers. For example, clk_disable() unused - clocks as part of minimizing power drain for currently-unused hardware. - Of course, sometimes clusters of drivers will collaborate with each - other, which could involve task-specific power management. - -There's not a lot to be said about those low power states except that they -are very system-specific, and often device-specific. Also, that if enough -drivers put themselves into low power states (at "runtime"), the effect may be -the same as entering some system-wide low-power state (system sleep) ... and -that synergies exist, so that several drivers using runtime pm might put the -system into a state where even deeper power saving options are available. - -Most suspended devices will have quiesced all I/O: no more DMA or irqs, no -more data read or written, and requests from upstream drivers are no longer -accepted. A given bus or platform may have different requirements though. + Devices may also be put into low-power states while the system is + running, independently of other power management activity in principle. + However, devices are not generally independent of each other (for + example, a parent device cannot be suspended unless all of its child + devices have been suspended). Moreover, depending on the bus type the + device is on, it may be necessary to carry out some bus-specific + operations on the device for this purpose. Devices put into low power + states at run time may require special handling during system-wide power + transitions (suspend or hibernation). + + For these reasons not only the device driver itself, but also the + appropriate subsystem (bus type, device type or device class) driver and + the PM core are involved in runtime power management. As in the system + sleep power management case, they need to collaborate by implementing + various role-specific suspend and resume methods, so that the hardware + is cleanly powered down and reactivated without data or service loss. + +There's not a lot to be said about those low-power states except that they are +very system-specific, and often device-specific. Also, that if enough devices +have been put into low-power states (at runtime), the effect may be very similar +to entering some system-wide low-power state (system sleep) ... and that +synergies exist, so that several drivers using runtime PM might put the system +into a state where even deeper power saving options are available. + +Most suspended devices will have quiesced all I/O: no more DMA or IRQs (except +for wakeup events), no more data read or written, and requests from upstream +drivers are no longer accepted. A given bus or platform may have different +requirements though. Examples of hardware wakeup events include an alarm from a real time clock, network wake-on-LAN packets, keyboard or mouse activity, and media insertion @@ -60,129 +75,152 @@ or removal (for PCMCIA, MMC/SD, USB, and so on). Interfaces for Entering System Sleep States =========================================== -Most of the programming interfaces a device driver needs to know about -relate to that first model: entering a system-wide low power state, -rather than just minimizing power consumption by one device. - - -Bus Driver Methods ------------------- -The core methods to suspend and resume devices reside in struct bus_type. -These are mostly of interest to people writing infrastructure for busses -like PCI or USB, or because they define the primitives that device drivers -may need to apply in domain-specific ways to their devices: - -struct bus_type { - ... - int (*suspend)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state); - int (*resume)(struct device *dev); +There are programming interfaces provided for subsystems (bus type, device type, +device class) and device drivers to allow them to participate in the power +management of devices they are concerned with. These interfaces cover both +system sleep and runtime power management. + + +Device Power Management Operations +---------------------------------- +Device power management operations, at the subsystem level as well as at the +device driver level, are implemented by defining and populating objects of type +struct dev_pm_ops: + +struct dev_pm_ops { + int (*prepare)(struct device *dev); + void (*complete)(struct device *dev); + int (*suspend)(struct device *dev); + int (*resume)(struct device *dev); + int (*freeze)(struct device *dev); + int (*thaw)(struct device *dev); + int (*poweroff)(struct device *dev); + int (*restore)(struct device *dev); + int (*suspend_noirq)(struct device *dev); + int (*resume_noirq)(struct device *dev); + int (*freeze_noirq)(struct device *dev); + int (*thaw_noirq)(struct device *dev); + int (*poweroff_noirq)(struct device *dev); + int (*restore_noirq)(struct device *dev); + int (*runtime_suspend)(struct device *dev); + int (*runtime_resume)(struct device *dev); + int (*runtime_idle)(struct device *dev); }; -Bus drivers implement those methods as appropriate for the hardware and -the drivers using it; PCI works differently from USB, and so on. Not many -people write bus drivers; most driver code is a "device driver" that -builds on top of bus-specific framework code. +This structure is defined in include/linux/pm.h and the methods included in it +are also described in that file. Their roles will be explained in what follows. +For now, it should be sufficient to remember that the last three methods are +specific to runtime power management while the remaining ones are used during +system-wide power transitions. -For more information on these driver calls, see the description later; -they are called in phases for every device, respecting the parent-child -sequencing in the driver model tree. Note that as this is being written, -only the suspend() and resume() are widely available; not many bus drivers -leverage all of those phases, or pass them down to lower driver levels. +There also is a deprecated "old" or "legacy" interface for power management +operations available at least for some subsystems. This approach does not use +struct dev_pm_ops objects and it is suitable only for implementing system sleep +power management methods. Therefore it is not described in this document, so +please refer directly to the source code for more information about it. -/sys/devices/.../power/wakeup files ------------------------------------ -All devices in the driver model have two flags to control handling of -wakeup events, which are hardware signals that can force the device and/or -system out of a low power state. These are initialized by bus or device -driver code using device_init_wakeup(dev,can_wakeup). +Subsystem-Level Methods +----------------------- +The core methods to suspend and resume devices reside in struct dev_pm_ops +pointed to by the pm member of struct bus_type, struct device_type and +struct class. They are mostly of interest to the people writing infrastructure +for buses, like PCI or USB, or device type and device class drivers. -The "can_wakeup" flag just records whether the device (and its driver) can -physically support wakeup events. When that flag is clear, the sysfs -"wakeup" file is empty, and device_may_wakeup() returns false. +Bus drivers implement these methods as appropriate for the hardware and the +drivers using it; PCI works differently from USB, and so on. Not many people +write subsystem-level drivers; most driver code is a "device driver" that builds +on top of bus-specific framework code. -For devices that can issue wakeup events, a separate flag controls whether -that device should try to use its wakeup mechanism. The initial value of -device_may_wakeup() will be true, so that the device's "wakeup" file holds -the value "enabled". Userspace can change that to "disabled" so that -device_may_wakeup() returns false; or change it back to "enabled" (so that -it returns true again). +For more information on these driver calls, see the description later; +they are called in phases for every device, respecting the parent-child +sequencing in the driver model tree. -EXAMPLE: PCI Device Driver Methods +/sys/devices/.../power/wakeup files ----------------------------------- -PCI framework software calls these methods when the PCI device driver bound -to a device device has provided them: - -struct pci_driver { - ... - int (*suspend)(struct pci_device *pdev, pm_message_t state); - int (*suspend_late)(struct pci_device *pdev, pm_message_t state); +All devices in the driver model have two flags to control handling of wakeup +events (hardware signals that can force the device and/or system out of a low +power state). These flags are initialized by bus or device driver code using +device_set_wakeup_capable() and device_set_wakeup_enable(), defined in +include/linux/pm_wakeup.h. - int (*resume_early)(struct pci_device *pdev); - int (*resume)(struct pci_device *pdev); -}; - -Drivers will implement those methods, and call PCI-specific procedures -like pci_set_power_state(), pci_enable_wake(), pci_save_state(), and -pci_restore_state() to manage PCI-specific mechanisms. (PCI config space -could be saved during driver probe, if it weren't for the fact that some -systems rely on userspace tweaking using setpci.) Devices are suspended -before their bridges enter low power states, and likewise bridges resume -before their devices. - - -Upper Layers of Driver Stacks ------------------------------ -Device drivers generally have at least two interfaces, and the methods -sketched above are the ones which apply to the lower level (nearer PCI, USB, -or other bus hardware). The network and block layers are examples of upper -level interfaces, as is a character device talking to userspace. - -Power management requests normally need to flow through those upper levels, -which often use domain-oriented requests like "blank that screen". In -some cases those upper levels will have power management intelligence that -relates to end-user activity, or other devices that work in cooperation. - -When those interfaces are structured using class interfaces, there is a -standard way to have the upper layer stop issuing requests to a given -class device (and restart later): - -struct class { - ... - int (*suspend)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state); - int (*resume)(struct device *dev); -}; - -Those calls are issued in specific phases of the process by which the -system enters a low power "suspend" state, or resumes from it. - - -Calling Drivers to Enter System Sleep States -============================================ -When the system enters a low power state, each device's driver is asked -to suspend the device by putting it into state compatible with the target +The "can_wakeup" flag just records whether the device (and its driver) can +physically support wakeup events. The device_set_wakeup_capable() routine +affects this flag. The "should_wakeup" flag controls whether the device should +try to use its wakeup mechanism. device_set_wakeup_enable() affects this flag; +for the most part drivers should not change its value. The initial value of +should_wakeup is supposed to be false for the majority of devices; the major +exceptions are power buttons, keyboards, and Ethernet adapters whose WoL +(wake-on-LAN) feature has been set up with ethtool. + +Whether or not a device is capable of issuing wakeup events is a hardware +matter, and the kernel is responsible for keeping track of it. By contrast, +whether or not a wakeup-capable device should issue wakeup events is a policy +decision, and it is managed by user space through a sysfs attribute: the +power/wakeup file. User space can write the strings "enabled" or "disabled" to +set or clear the should_wakeup flag, respectively. Reads from the file will +return the corresponding string if can_wakeup is true, but if can_wakeup is +false then reads will return an empty string, to indicate that the device +doesn't support wakeup events. (But even though the file appears empty, writes +will still affect the should_wakeup flag.) + +The device_may_wakeup() routine returns true only if both flags are set. +Drivers should check this routine when putting devices in a low-power state +during a system sleep transition, to see whether or not to enable the devices' +wakeup mechanisms. However for runtime power management, wakeup events should +be enabled whenever the device and driver both support them, regardless of the +should_wakeup flag. + + +/sys/devices/.../power/control files +------------------------------------ +Each device in the driver model has a flag to control whether it is subject to +runtime power management. This flag, called runtime_auto, is initialized by the +bus type (or generally subsystem) code using pm_runtime_allow() or +pm_runtime_forbid(); the default is to allow runtime power management. + +The setting can be adjusted by user space by writing either "on" or "auto" to +the device's power/control sysfs file. Writing "auto" calls pm_runtime_allow(), +setting the flag and allowing the device to be runtime power-managed by its +driver. Writing "on" calls pm_runtime_forbid(), clearing the flag, returning +the device to full power if it was in a low-power state, and preventing the +device from being runtime power-managed. User space can check the current value +of the runtime_auto flag by reading the file. + +The device's runtime_auto flag has no effect on the handling of system-wide +power transitions. In particular, the device can (and in the majority of cases +should and will) be put into a low-power state during a system-wide transition +to a sleep state even though its runtime_auto flag is clear. + +For more information about the runtime power management framework, refer to +Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt. + + +Calling Drivers to Enter and Leave System Sleep States +====================================================== +When the system goes into a sleep state, each device's driver is asked to +suspend the device by putting it into a state compatible with the target system state. That's usually some version of "off", but the details are system-specific. Also, wakeup-enabled devices will usually stay partly functional in order to wake the system. -When the system leaves that low power state, the device's driver is asked -to resume it. The suspend and resume operations always go together, and -both are multi-phase operations. +When the system leaves that low-power state, the device's driver is asked to +resume it by returning it to full power. The suspend and resume operations +always go together, and both are multi-phase operations. -For simple drivers, suspend might quiesce the device using the class code -and then turn its hardware as "off" as possible with late_suspend. The +For simple drivers, suspend might quiesce the device using class code +and then turn its hardware as "off" as possible during suspend_noirq. The matching resume calls would then completely reinitialize the hardware before reactivating its class I/O queues. -More power-aware drivers drivers will use more than one device low power -state, either at runtime or during system sleep states, and might trigger -system wakeup events. +More power-aware drivers might prepare the devices for triggering system wakeup +events. Call Sequence Guarantees ------------------------ -To ensure that bridges and similar links needed to talk to a device are +To ensure that bridges and similar links needing to talk to a device are available when the device is suspended or resumed, the device tree is walked in a bottom-up order to suspend devices. A top-down order is used to resume those devices. @@ -194,67 +232,310 @@ its parent; and can't be removed or suspended after that parent. The policy is that the device tree should match hardware bus topology. (Or at least the control bus, for devices which use multiple busses.) In particular, this means that a device registration may fail if the parent of -the device is suspending (ie. has been chosen by the PM core as the next +the device is suspending (i.e. has been chosen by the PM core as the next device to suspend) or has already suspended, as well as after all of the other devices have been suspended. Device drivers must be prepared to cope with such situations. -Suspending Devices ------------------- -Suspending a given device is done in several phases. Suspending the -system always includes every phase, executing calls for every device -before the next phase begins. Not all busses or classes support all -these callbacks; and not all drivers use all the callbacks. +System Power Management Phases +------------------------------ +Suspending or resuming the system is done in several phases. Different phases +are used for standby or memory sleep states ("suspend-to-RAM") and the +hibernation state ("suspend-to-disk"). Each phase involves executing callbacks +for every device before the next phase begins. Not all busses or classes +support all these callbacks and not all drivers use all the callbacks. The +various phases always run after tasks have been frozen and before they are +unfrozen. Furthermore, the *_noirq phases run at a time when IRQ handlers have +been disabled (except for those marked with the IRQ_WAKEUP flag). -The phases are seen by driver notifications issued in this order: +Most phases use bus, type, and class callbacks (that is, methods defined in +dev->bus->pm, dev->type->pm, and dev->class->pm). The prepare and complete +phases are exceptions; they use only bus callbacks. When multiple callbacks +are used in a phase, they are invoked in the order: <class, type, bus> during +power-down transitions and in the opposite order during power-up transitions. +For example, during the suspend phase the PM core invokes - 1 class.suspend(dev, message) is called after tasks are frozen, for - devices associated with a class that has such a method. This - method may sleep. + dev->class->pm.suspend(dev); + dev->type->pm.suspend(dev); + dev->bus->pm.suspend(dev); - Since I/O activity usually comes from such higher layers, this is - a good place to quiesce all drivers of a given type (and keep such - code out of those drivers). +before moving on to the next device, whereas during the resume phase the core +invokes - 2 bus.suspend(dev, message) is called next. This method may sleep, - and is often morphed into a device driver call with bus-specific - parameters and/or rules. + dev->bus->pm.resume(dev); + dev->type->pm.resume(dev); + dev->class->pm.resume(dev); - This call should handle parts of device suspend logic that require - sleeping. It probably does work to quiesce the device which hasn't - been abstracted into class.suspend(). +These callbacks may in turn invoke device- or driver-specific methods stored in +dev->driver->pm, but they don't have to. -The pm_message_t parameter is currently used to refine those semantics -(described later). -At the end of those phases, drivers should normally have stopped all I/O -transactions (DMA, IRQs), saved enough state that they can re-initialize -or restore previous state (as needed by the hardware), and placed the -device into a low-power state. On many platforms they will also use -clk_disable() to gate off one or more clock sources; sometimes they will -also switch off power supplies, or reduce voltages. Drivers which have -runtime PM support may already have performed some or all of the steps -needed to prepare for the upcoming system sleep state. +Entering System Suspend +----------------------- +When the system goes into the standby or memory sleep state, the phases are: + + prepare, suspend, suspend_noirq. + + 1. The prepare phase is meant to prevent races by preventing new devices + from being registered; the PM core would never know that all the + children of a device had been suspended if new children could be + registered at will. (By contrast, devices may be unregistered at any + time.) Unlike the other suspend-related phases, during the prepare + phase the device tree is traversed top-down. + + The prepare phase uses only a bus callback. After the callback method + returns, no new children may be registered below the device. The method + may also prepare the device or driver in some way for the upcoming + system power transition, but it should not put the device into a + low-power state. + + 2. The suspend methods should quiesce the device to stop it from performing + I/O. They also may save the device registers and put it into the + appropriate low-power state, depending on the bus type the device is on, + and they may enable wakeup events. + + 3. The suspend_noirq phase occurs after IRQ handlers have been disabled, + which means that the driver's interrupt handler will not be called while + the callback method is running. The methods should save the values of + the device's registers that weren't saved previously and finally put the + device into the appropriate low-power state. + + The majority of subsystems and device drivers need not implement this + callback. However, bus types allowing devices to share interrupt + vectors, like PCI, generally need it; otherwise a driver might encounter + an error during the suspend phase by fielding a shared interrupt + generated by some other device after its own device had been set to low + power. + +At the end of these phases, drivers should have stopped all I/O transactions +(DMA, IRQs), saved enough state that they can re-initialize or restore previous +state (as needed by the hardware), and placed the device into a low-power state. +On many platforms they will gate off one or more clock sources; sometimes they +will also switch off power supplies or reduce voltages. (Drivers supporting +runtime PM may already have performed some or all of these steps.) + +If device_may_wakeup(dev) returns true, the device should be prepared for +generating hardware wakeup signals to trigger a system wakeup event when the +system is in the sleep state. For example, enable_irq_wake() might identify +GPIO signals hooked up to a switch or other external hardware, and +pci_enable_wake() does something similar for the PCI PME signal. + +If any of these callbacks returns an error, the system won't enter the desired +low-power state. Instead the PM core will unwind its actions by resuming all +the devices that were suspended. + + +Leaving System Suspend +---------------------- +When resuming from standby or memory sleep, the phases are: + + resume_noirq, resume, complete. + + 1. The resume_noirq callback methods should perform any actions needed + before the driver's interrupt handlers are invoked. This generally + means undoing the actions of the suspend_noirq phase. If the bus type + permits devices to share interrupt vectors, like PCI, the method should + bring the device and its driver into a state in which the driver can + recognize if the device is the source of incoming interrupts, if any, + and handle them correctly. + + For example, the PCI bus type's ->pm.resume_noirq() puts the device into + the full-power state (D0 in the PCI terminology) and restores the + standard configuration registers of the device. Then it calls the + device driver's ->pm.resume_noirq() method to perform device-specific + actions. + + 2. The resume methods should bring the the device back to its operating + state, so that it can perform normal I/O. This generally involves + undoing the actions of the suspend phase. + + 3. The complete phase uses only a bus callback. The method should undo the + actions of the prepare phase. Note, however, that new children may be + registered below the device as soon as the resume callbacks occur; it's + not necessary to wait until the complete phase. + +At the end of these phases, drivers should be as functional as they were before +suspending: I/O can be performed using DMA and IRQs, and the relevant clocks are +gated on. Even if the device was in a low-power state before the system sleep +because of runtime power management, afterwards it should be back in its +full-power state. There are multiple reasons why it's best to do this; they are +discussed in more detail in Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt. -When any driver sees that its device_can_wakeup(dev), it should make sure -to use the relevant hardware signals to trigger a system wakeup event. -For example, enable_irq_wake() might identify GPIO signals hooked up to -a switch or other external hardware, and pci_enable_wake() does something -similar for PCI's PME# signal. +However, the details here may again be platform-specific. For example, +some systems support multiple "run" states, and the mode in effect at +the end of resume might not be the one which preceded suspension. +That means availability of certain clocks or power supplies changed, +which could easily affect how a driver works. + +Drivers need to be able to handle hardware which has been reset since the +suspend methods were called, for example by complete reinitialization. +This may be the hardest part, and the one most protected by NDA'd documents +and chip errata. It's simplest if the hardware state hasn't changed since +the suspend was carried out, but that can't be guaranteed (in fact, it ususally +is not the case). + +Drivers must also be prepared to notice that the device has been removed +while the system was powered down, whenever that's physically possible. +PCMCIA, MMC, USB, Firewire, SCSI, and even IDE are common examples of busses +where common Linux platforms will see such removal. Details of how drivers +will notice and handle such removals are currently bus-specific, and often +involve a separate thread. + +These callbacks may return an error value, but the PM core will ignore such +errors since there's nothing it can do about them other than printing them in +the system log. + + +Entering Hibernation +-------------------- +Hibernating the system is more complicated than putting it into the standby or +memory sleep state, because it involves creating and saving a system image. +Therefore there are more phases for hibernation, with a different set of +callbacks. These phases always run after tasks have been frozen and memory has +been freed. + +The general procedure for hibernation is to quiesce all devices (freeze), create +an image of the system memory while everything is stable, reactivate all +devices (thaw), write the image to permanent storage, and finally shut down the +system (poweroff). The phases used to accomplish this are: + + prepare, freeze, freeze_noirq, thaw_noirq, thaw, complete, + prepare, poweroff, poweroff_noirq + + 1. The prepare phase is discussed in the "Entering System Suspend" section + above. + + 2. The freeze methods should quiesce the device so that it doesn't generate + IRQs or DMA, and they may need to save the values of device registers. + However the device does not have to be put in a low-power state, and to + save time it's best not to do so. Also, the device should not be + prepared to generate wakeup events. + + 3. The freeze_noirq phase is analogous to the suspend_noirq phase discussed + above, except again that the device should not be put in a low-power + state and should not be allowed to generate wakeup events. + +At this point the system image is created. All devices should be inactive and +the contents of memory should remain undisturbed while this happens, so that the +image forms an atomic snapshot of the system state. + + 4. The thaw_noirq phase is analogous to the resume_noirq phase discussed + above. The main difference is that its methods can assume the device is + in the same state as at the end of the freeze_noirq phase. + + 5. The thaw phase is analogous to the resume phase discussed above. Its + methods should bring the device back to an operating state, so that it + can be used for saving the image if necessary. + + 6. The complete phase is discussed in the "Leaving System Suspend" section + above. + +At this point the system image is saved, and the devices then need to be +prepared for the upcoming system shutdown. This is much like suspending them +before putting the system into the standby or memory sleep state, and the phases +are similar. + + 7. The prepare phase is discussed above. + + 8. The poweroff phase is analogous to the suspend phase. + + 9. The poweroff_noirq phase is analogous to the suspend_noirq phase. + +The poweroff and poweroff_noirq callbacks should do essentially the same things +as the suspend and suspend_noirq callbacks. The only notable difference is that +they need not store the device register values, because the registers should +already have been stored during the freeze or freeze_noirq phases. + + +Leaving Hibernation +------------------- +Resuming from hibernation is, again, more complicated than resuming from a sleep +state in which the contents of main memory are preserved, because it requires +a system image to be loaded into memory and the pre-hibernation memory contents +to be restored before control can be passed back to the image kernel. + +Although in principle, the image might be loaded into memory and the +pre-hibernation memory contents restored by the boot loader, in practice this +can't be done because boot loaders aren't smart enough and there is no +established protocol for passing the necessary information. So instead, the +boot loader loads a fresh instance of the kernel, called the boot kernel, into +memory and passes control to it in the usual way. Then the boot kernel reads +the system image, restores the pre-hibernation memory contents, and passes +control to the image kernel. Thus two different kernels are involved in +resuming from hibernation. In fact, the boot kernel may be completely different +from the image kernel: a different configuration and even a different version. +This has important consequences for device drivers and their subsystems. + +To be able to load the system image into memory, the boot kernel needs to +include at least a subset of device drivers allowing it to access the storage +medium containing the image, although it doesn't need to include all of the +drivers present in the image kernel. After the image has been loaded, the +devices managed by the boot kernel need to be prepared for passing control back +to the image kernel. This is very similar to the initial steps involved in +creating a system image, and it is accomplished in the same way, using prepare, +freeze, and freeze_noirq phases. However the devices affected by these phases +are only those having drivers in the boot kernel; other devices will still be in +whatever state the boot loader left them. + +Should the restoration of the pre-hibernation memory contents fail, the boot +kernel would go through the "thawing" procedure described above, using the +thaw_noirq, thaw, and complete phases, and then continue running normally. This +happens only rarely. Most often the pre-hibernation memory contents are +restored successfully and control is passed to the image kernel, which then +becomes responsible for bringing the system back to the working state. + +To achieve this, the image kernel must restore the devices' pre-hibernation +functionality. The operation is much like waking up from the memory sleep +state, although it involves different phases: + + restore_noirq, restore, complete + + 1. The restore_noirq phase is analogous to the resume_noirq phase. + + 2. The restore phase is analogous to the resume phase. + + 3. The complete phase is discussed above. + +The main difference from resume[_noirq] is that restore[_noirq] must assume the +device has been accessed and reconfigured by the boot loader or the boot kernel. +Consequently the state of the device may be different from the state remembered +from the freeze and freeze_noirq phases. The device may even need to be reset +and completely re-initialized. In many cases this difference doesn't matter, so +the resume[_noirq] and restore[_norq] method pointers can be set to the same +routines. Nevertheless, different callback pointers are used in case there is a +situation where it actually matters. -If a driver (or bus, or class) fails it suspend method, the system won't -enter the desired low power state; it will resume all the devices it's -suspended so far. -Note that drivers may need to perform different actions based on the target -system lowpower/sleep state. At this writing, there are only platform -specific APIs through which drivers could determine those target states. +System Devices +-------------- +System devices (sysdevs) follow a slightly different API, which can be found in + + include/linux/sysdev.h + drivers/base/sys.c + +System devices will be suspended with interrupts disabled, and after all other +devices have been suspended. On resume, they will be resumed before any other +devices, and also with interrupts disabled. These things occur in special +"sysdev_driver" phases, which affect only system devices. + +Thus, after the suspend_noirq (or freeze_noirq or poweroff_noirq) phase, when +the non-boot CPUs are all offline and IRQs are disabled on the remaining online +CPU, then a sysdev_driver.suspend phase is carried out, and the system enters a +sleep state (or a system image is created). During resume (or after the image +has been created or loaded) a sysdev_driver.resume phase is carried out, IRQs +are enabled on the only online CPU, the non-boot CPUs are enabled, and the +resume_noirq (or thaw_noirq or restore_noirq) phase begins. + +Code to actually enter and exit the system-wide low power state sometimes +involves hardware details that are only known to the boot firmware, and +may leave a CPU running software (from SRAM or flash memory) that monitors +the system and manages its wakeup sequence. Device Low Power (suspend) States --------------------------------- -Device low-power states aren't very standard. One device might only handle +Device low-power states aren't standard. One device might only handle "on" and "off, while another might support a dozen different versions of "on" (how many engines are active?), plus a state that gets back to "on" faster than from a full "off". @@ -265,7 +546,7 @@ PCI device may not perform DMA or issue IRQs, and any wakeup events it issues would be issued through the PME# bus signal. Plus, there are several PCI-standard device states, some of which are optional. -In contrast, integrated system-on-chip processors often use irqs as the +In contrast, integrated system-on-chip processors often use IRQs as the wakeup event sources (so drivers would call enable_irq_wake) and might be able to treat DMA completion as a wakeup event (sometimes DMA can stay active too, it'd only be the CPU and some peripherals that sleep). @@ -284,120 +565,17 @@ ways; the aforementioned LCD might be active in one product's "standby", but a different product using the same SOC might work differently. -Meaning of pm_message_t.event ------------------------------ -Parameters to suspend calls include the device affected and a message of -type pm_message_t, which has one field: the event. If driver does not -recognize the event code, suspend calls may abort the request and return -a negative errno. However, most drivers will be fine if they implement -PM_EVENT_SUSPEND semantics for all messages. +Power Management Notifiers +-------------------------- +There are some operations that cannot be carried out by the power management +callbacks discussed above, because the callbacks occur too late or too early. +To handle these cases, subsystems and device drivers may register power +management notifiers that are called before tasks are frozen and after they have +been thawed. Generally speaking, the PM notifiers are suitable for performing +actions that either require user space to be available, or at least won't +interfere with user space. -The event codes are used to refine the goal of suspending the device, and -mostly matter when creating or resuming system memory image snapshots, as -used with suspend-to-disk: - - PM_EVENT_SUSPEND -- quiesce the driver and put hardware into a low-power - state. When used with system sleep states like "suspend-to-RAM" or - "standby", the upcoming resume() call will often be able to rely on - state kept in hardware, or issue system wakeup events. - - PM_EVENT_HIBERNATE -- Put hardware into a low-power state and enable wakeup - events as appropriate. It is only used with hibernation - (suspend-to-disk) and few devices are able to wake up the system from - this state; most are completely powered off. - - PM_EVENT_FREEZE -- quiesce the driver, but don't necessarily change into - any low power mode. A system snapshot is about to be taken, often - followed by a call to the driver's resume() method. Neither wakeup - events nor DMA are allowed. - - PM_EVENT_PRETHAW -- quiesce the driver, knowing that the upcoming resume() - will restore a suspend-to-disk snapshot from a different kernel image. - Drivers that are smart enough to look at their hardware state during - resume() processing need that state to be correct ... a PRETHAW could - be used to invalidate that state (by resetting the device), like a - shutdown() invocation would before a kexec() or system halt. Other - drivers might handle this the same way as PM_EVENT_FREEZE. Neither - wakeup events nor DMA are allowed. - -To enter "standby" (ACPI S1) or "Suspend to RAM" (STR, ACPI S3) states, or -the similarly named APM states, only PM_EVENT_SUSPEND is used; the other event -codes are used for hibernation ("Suspend to Disk", STD, ACPI S4). - -There's also PM_EVENT_ON, a value which never appears as a suspend event -but is sometimes used to record the "not suspended" device state. - - -Resuming Devices ----------------- -Resuming is done in multiple phases, much like suspending, with all -devices processing each phase's calls before the next phase begins. - -The phases are seen by driver notifications issued in this order: - - 1 bus.resume(dev) reverses the effects of bus.suspend(). This may - be morphed into a device driver call with bus-specific parameters; - implementations may sleep. - - 2 class.resume(dev) is called for devices associated with a class - that has such a method. Implementations may sleep. - - This reverses the effects of class.suspend(), and would usually - reactivate the device's I/O queue. - -At the end of those phases, drivers should normally be as functional as -they were before suspending: I/O can be performed using DMA and IRQs, and -the relevant clocks are gated on. The device need not be "fully on"; it -might be in a runtime lowpower/suspend state that acts as if it were. - -However, the details here may again be platform-specific. For example, -some systems support multiple "run" states, and the mode in effect at -the end of resume() might not be the one which preceded suspension. -That means availability of certain clocks or power supplies changed, -which could easily affect how a driver works. - - -Drivers need to be able to handle hardware which has been reset since the -suspend methods were called, for example by complete reinitialization. -This may be the hardest part, and the one most protected by NDA'd documents -and chip errata. It's simplest if the hardware state hasn't changed since -the suspend() was called, but that can't always be guaranteed. - -Drivers must also be prepared to notice that the device has been removed -while the system was powered off, whenever that's physically possible. -PCMCIA, MMC, USB, Firewire, SCSI, and even IDE are common examples of busses -where common Linux platforms will see such removal. Details of how drivers -will notice and handle such removals are currently bus-specific, and often -involve a separate thread. - - -Note that the bus-specific runtime PM wakeup mechanism can exist, and might -be defined to share some of the same driver code as for system wakeup. For -example, a bus-specific device driver's resume() method might be used there, -so it wouldn't only be called from bus.resume() during system-wide wakeup. -See bus-specific information about how runtime wakeup events are handled. - - -System Devices --------------- -System devices follow a slightly different API, which can be found in - - include/linux/sysdev.h - drivers/base/sys.c - -System devices will only be suspended with interrupts disabled, and after -all other devices have been suspended. On resume, they will be resumed -before any other devices, and also with interrupts disabled. - -That is, IRQs are disabled, the suspend_late() phase begins, then the -sysdev_driver.suspend() phase, and the system enters a sleep state. Then -the sysdev_driver.resume() phase begins, followed by the resume_early() -phase, after which IRQs are enabled. - -Code to actually enter and exit the system-wide low power state sometimes -involves hardware details that are only known to the boot firmware, and -may leave a CPU running software (from SRAM or flash memory) that monitors -the system and manages its wakeup sequence. +For details refer to Documentation/power/notifiers.txt. Runtime Power Management @@ -407,82 +585,23 @@ running. This feature is useful for devices that are not being used, and can offer significant power savings on a running system. These devices often support a range of runtime power states, which might use names such as "off", "sleep", "idle", "active", and so on. Those states will in some -cases (like PCI) be partially constrained by a bus the device uses, and will +cases (like PCI) be partially constrained by the bus the device uses, and will usually include hardware states that are also used in system sleep states. -However, note that if a driver puts a device into a runtime low power state -and the system then goes into a system-wide sleep state, it normally ought -to resume into that runtime low power state rather than "full on". Such -distinctions would be part of the driver-internal state machine for that -hardware; the whole point of runtime power management is to be sure that -drivers are decoupled in that way from the state machine governing phases -of the system-wide power/sleep state transitions. - - -Power Saving Techniques ------------------------ -Normally runtime power management is handled by the drivers without specific -userspace or kernel intervention, by device-aware use of techniques like: - - Using information provided by other system layers - - stay deeply "off" except between open() and close() - - if transceiver/PHY indicates "nobody connected", stay "off" - - application protocols may include power commands or hints - - Using fewer CPU cycles - - using DMA instead of PIO - - removing timers, or making them lower frequency - - shortening "hot" code paths - - eliminating cache misses - - (sometimes) offloading work to device firmware - - Reducing other resource costs - - gating off unused clocks in software (or hardware) - - switching off unused power supplies - - eliminating (or delaying/merging) IRQs - - tuning DMA to use word and/or burst modes - - Using device-specific low power states - - using lower voltages - - avoiding needless DMA transfers - -Read your hardware documentation carefully to see the opportunities that -may be available. If you can, measure the actual power usage and check -it against the budget established for your project. - - -Examples: USB hosts, system timer, system CPU ----------------------------------------------- -USB host controllers make interesting, if complex, examples. In many cases -these have no work to do: no USB devices are connected, or all of them are -in the USB "suspend" state. Linux host controller drivers can then disable -periodic DMA transfers that would otherwise be a constant power drain on the -memory subsystem, and enter a suspend state. In power-aware controllers, -entering that suspend state may disable the clock used with USB signaling, -saving a certain amount of power. - -The controller will be woken from that state (with an IRQ) by changes to the -signal state on the data lines of a given port, for example by an existing -peripheral requesting "remote wakeup" or by plugging a new peripheral. The -same wakeup mechanism usually works from "standby" sleep states, and on some -systems also from "suspend to RAM" (or even "suspend to disk") states. -(Except that ACPI may be involved instead of normal IRQs, on some hardware.) - -System devices like timers and CPUs may have special roles in the platform -power management scheme. For example, system timers using a "dynamic tick" -approach don't just save CPU cycles (by eliminating needless timer IRQs), -but they may also open the door to using lower power CPU "idle" states that -cost more than a jiffie to enter and exit. On x86 systems these are states -like "C3"; note that periodic DMA transfers from a USB host controller will -also prevent entry to a C3 state, much like a periodic timer IRQ. - -That kind of runtime mechanism interaction is common. "System On Chip" (SOC) -processors often have low power idle modes that can't be entered unless -certain medium-speed clocks (often 12 or 48 MHz) are gated off. When the -drivers gate those clocks effectively, then the system idle task may be able -to use the lower power idle modes and thereby increase battery life. - -If the CPU can have a "cpufreq" driver, there also may be opportunities -to shift to lower voltage settings and reduce the power cost of executing -a given number of instructions. (Without voltage adjustment, it's rare -for cpufreq to save much power; the cost-per-instruction must go down.) +A system-wide power transition can be started while some devices are in low +power states due to runtime power management. The system sleep PM callbacks +should recognize such situations and react to them appropriately, but the +necessary actions are subsystem-specific. + +In some cases the decision may be made at the subsystem level while in other +cases the device driver may be left to decide. In some cases it may be +desirable to leave a suspended device in that state during a system-wide power +transition, but in other cases the device must be put back into the full-power +state temporarily, for example so that its system wakeup capability can be +disabled. This all depends on the hardware and the design of the subsystem and +device driver in question. + +During system-wide resume from a sleep state it's best to put devices into the +full-power state, as explained in Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt. Refer to +that document for more information regarding this particular issue as well as +for information on the device runtime power management framework in general. diff --git a/Documentation/power/pci.txt b/Documentation/power/pci.txt index dd8fe43..62328d7 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/pci.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/pci.txt @@ -1,299 +1,1025 @@ - PCI Power Management -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -An overview of the concepts and the related functions in the Linux kernel +Copyright (c) 2010 Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>, Novell Inc. + +An overview of concepts and the Linux kernel's interfaces related to PCI power +management. Based on previous work by Patrick Mochel <mochel@transmeta.com> +(and others). -Patrick Mochel <mochel@transmeta.com> -(and others) +This document only covers the aspects of power management specific to PCI +devices. For general description of the kernel's interfaces related to device +power management refer to Documentation/power/devices.txt and +Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -1. Overview -2. How the PCI Subsystem Does Power Management -3. PCI Utility Functions -4. PCI Device Drivers -5. Resources - -1. Overview -~~~~~~~~~~~ - -The PCI Power Management Specification was introduced between the PCI 2.1 and -PCI 2.2 Specifications. It a standard interface for controlling various -power management operations. - -Implementation of the PCI PM Spec is optional, as are several sub-components of -it. If a device supports the PCI PM Spec, the device will have an 8 byte -capability field in its PCI configuration space. This field is used to describe -and control the standard PCI power management features. - -The PCI PM spec defines 4 operating states for devices (D0 - D3) and for buses -(B0 - B3). The higher the number, the less power the device consumes. However, -the higher the number, the longer the latency is for the device to return to -an operational state (D0). - -There are actually two D3 states. When someone talks about D3, they usually -mean D3hot, which corresponds to an ACPI D2 state (power is reduced, the -device may lose some context). But they may also mean D3cold, which is an -ACPI D3 state (power is fully off, all state was discarded); or both. - -Bus power management is not covered in this version of this document. - -Note that all PCI devices support D0 and D3cold by default, regardless of -whether or not they implement any of the PCI PM spec. - -The possible state transitions that a device can undergo are: - -+---------------------------+ -| Current State | New State | -+---------------------------+ -| D0 | D1, D2, D3| -+---------------------------+ -| D1 | D2, D3 | -+---------------------------+ -| D2 | D3 | -+---------------------------+ -| D1, D2, D3 | D0 | -+---------------------------+ - -Note that when the system is entering a global suspend state, all devices will -be placed into D3 and when resuming, all devices will be placed into D0. -However, when the system is running, other state transitions are possible. - -2. How The PCI Subsystem Handles Power Management -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -The PCI suspend/resume functionality is accessed indirectly via the Power -Management subsystem. At boot, the PCI driver registers a power management -callback with that layer. Upon entering a suspend state, the PM layer iterates -through all of its registered callbacks. This currently takes place only during -APM state transitions. - -Upon going to sleep, the PCI subsystem walks its device tree twice. Both times, -it does a depth first walk of the device tree. The first walk saves each of the -device's state and checks for devices that will prevent the system from entering -a global power state. The next walk then places the devices in a low power +1. Hardware and Platform Support for PCI Power Management +2. PCI Subsystem and Device Power Management +3. PCI Device Drivers and Power Management +4. Resources + + +1. Hardware and Platform Support for PCI Power Management +========================================================= + +1.1. Native and Platform-Based Power Management +----------------------------------------------- +In general, power management is a feature allowing one to save energy by putting +devices into states in which they draw less power (low-power states) at the +price of reduced functionality or performance. + +Usually, a device is put into a low-power state when it is underutilized or +completely inactive. However, when it is necessary to use the device once +again, it has to be put back into the "fully functional" state (full-power +state). This may happen when there are some data for the device to handle or +as a result of an external event requiring the device to be active, which may +be signaled by the device itself. + +PCI devices may be put into low-power states in two ways, by using the device +capabilities introduced by the PCI Bus Power Management Interface Specification, +or with the help of platform firmware, such as an ACPI BIOS. In the first +approach, that is referred to as the native PCI power management (native PCI PM) +in what follows, the device power state is changed as a result of writing a +specific value into one of its standard configuration registers. The second +approach requires the platform firmware to provide special methods that may be +used by the kernel to change the device's power state. + +Devices supporting the native PCI PM usually can generate wakeup signals called +Power Management Events (PMEs) to let the kernel know about external events +requiring the device to be active. After receiving a PME the kernel is supposed +to put the device that sent it into the full-power state. However, the PCI Bus +Power Management Interface Specification doesn't define any standard method of +delivering the PME from the device to the CPU and the operating system kernel. +It is assumed that the platform firmware will perform this task and therefore, +even though a PCI device is set up to generate PMEs, it also may be necessary to +prepare the platform firmware for notifying the CPU of the PMEs coming from the +device (e.g. by generating interrupts). + +In turn, if the methods provided by the platform firmware are used for changing +the power state of a device, usually the platform also provides a method for +preparing the device to generate wakeup signals. In that case, however, it +often also is necessary to prepare the device for generating PMEs using the +native PCI PM mechanism, because the method provided by the platform depends on +that. + +Thus in many situations both the native and the platform-based power management +mechanisms have to be used simultaneously to obtain the desired result. + +1.2. Native PCI Power Management +-------------------------------- +The PCI Bus Power Management Interface Specification (PCI PM Spec) was +introduced between the PCI 2.1 and PCI 2.2 Specifications. It defined a +standard interface for performing various operations related to power +management. + +The implementation of the PCI PM Spec is optional for conventional PCI devices, +but it is mandatory for PCI Express devices. If a device supports the PCI PM +Spec, it has an 8 byte power management capability field in its PCI +configuration space. This field is used to describe and control the standard +features related to the native PCI power management. + +The PCI PM Spec defines 4 operating states for devices (D0-D3) and for buses +(B0-B3). The higher the number, the less power is drawn by the device or bus +in that state. However, the higher the number, the longer the latency for +the device or bus to return to the full-power state (D0 or B0, respectively). + +There are two variants of the D3 state defined by the specification. The first +one is D3hot, referred to as the software accessible D3, because devices can be +programmed to go into it. The second one, D3cold, is the state that PCI devices +are in when the supply voltage (Vcc) is removed from them. It is not possible +to program a PCI device to go into D3cold, although there may be a programmable +interface for putting the bus the device is on into a state in which Vcc is +removed from all devices on the bus. + +PCI bus power management, however, is not supported by the Linux kernel at the +time of this writing and therefore it is not covered by this document. + +Note that every PCI device can be in the full-power state (D0) or in D3cold, +regardless of whether or not it implements the PCI PM Spec. In addition to +that, if the PCI PM Spec is implemented by the device, it must support D3hot +as well as D0. The support for the D1 and D2 power states is optional. + +PCI devices supporting the PCI PM Spec can be programmed to go to any of the +supported low-power states (except for D3cold). While in D1-D3hot the +standard configuration registers of the device must be accessible to software +(i.e. the device is required to respond to PCI configuration accesses), although +its I/O and memory spaces are then disabled. This allows the device to be +programmatically put into D0. Thus the kernel can switch the device back and +forth between D0 and the supported low-power states (except for D3cold) and the +possible power state transitions the device can undergo are the following: + ++----------------------------+ +| Current State | New State | ++----------------------------+ +| D0 | D1, D2, D3 | ++----------------------------+ +| D1 | D2, D3 | ++----------------------------+ +| D2 | D3 | ++----------------------------+ +| D1, D2, D3 | D0 | ++----------------------------+ + +The transition from D3cold to D0 occurs when the supply voltage is provided to +the device (i.e. power is restored). In that case the device returns to D0 with +a full power-on reset sequence and the power-on defaults are restored to the +device by hardware just as at initial power up. + +PCI devices supporting the PCI PM Spec can be programmed to generate PMEs +while in a low-power state (D1-D3), but they are not required to be capable +of generating PMEs from all supported low-power states. In particular, the +capability of generating PMEs from D3cold is optional and depends on the +presence of additional voltage (3.3Vaux) allowing the device to remain +sufficiently active to generate a wakeup signal. + +1.3. ACPI Device Power Management +--------------------------------- +The platform firmware support for the power management of PCI devices is +system-specific. However, if the system in question is compliant with the +Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) Specification, like the +majority of x86-based systems, it is supposed to implement device power +management interfaces defined by the ACPI standard. + +For this purpose the ACPI BIOS provides special functions called "control +methods" that may be executed by the kernel to perform specific tasks, such as +putting a device into a low-power state. These control methods are encoded +using special byte-code language called the ACPI Machine Language (AML) and +stored in the machine's BIOS. The kernel loads them from the BIOS and executes +them as needed using an AML interpreter that translates the AML byte code into +computations and memory or I/O space accesses. This way, in theory, a BIOS +writer can provide the kernel with a means to perform actions depending +on the system design in a system-specific fashion. + +ACPI control methods may be divided into global control methods, that are not +associated with any particular devices, and device control methods, that have +to be defined separately for each device supposed to be handled with the help of +the platform. This means, in particular, that ACPI device control methods can +only be used to handle devices that the BIOS writer knew about in advance. The +ACPI methods used for device power management fall into that category. + +The ACPI specification assumes that devices can be in one of four power states +labeled as D0, D1, D2, and D3 that roughly correspond to the native PCI PM +D0-D3 states (although the difference between D3hot and D3cold is not taken +into account by ACPI). Moreover, for each power state of a device there is a +set of power resources that have to be enabled for the device to be put into +that state. These power resources are controlled (i.e. enabled or disabled) +with the help of their own control methods, _ON and _OFF, that have to be +defined individually for each of them. + +To put a device into the ACPI power state Dx (where x is a number between 0 and +3 inclusive) the kernel is supposed to (1) enable the power resources required +by the device in this state using their _ON control methods and (2) execute the +_PSx control method defined for the device. In addition to that, if the device +is going to be put into a low-power state (D1-D3) and is supposed to generate +wakeup signals from that state, the _DSW (or _PSW, replaced with _DSW by ACPI +3.0) control method defined for it has to be executed before _PSx. Power +resources that are not required by the device in the target power state and are +not required any more by any other device should be disabled (by executing their +_OFF control methods). If the current power state of the device is D3, it can +only be put into D0 this way. + +However, quite often the power states of devices are changed during a +system-wide transition into a sleep state or back into the working state. ACPI +defines four system sleep states, S1, S2, S3, and S4, and denotes the system +working state as S0. In general, the target system sleep (or working) state +determines the highest power (lowest number) state the device can be put +into and the kernel is supposed to obtain this information by executing the +device's _SxD control method (where x is a number between 0 and 4 inclusive). +If the device is required to wake up the system from the target sleep state, the +lowest power (highest number) state it can be put into is also determined by the +target state of the system. The kernel is then supposed to use the device's +_SxW control method to obtain the number of that state. It also is supposed to +use the device's _PRW control method to learn which power resources need to be +enabled for the device to be able to generate wakeup signals. + +1.4. Wakeup Signaling +--------------------- +Wakeup signals generated by PCI devices, either as native PCI PMEs, or as +a result of the execution of the _DSW (or _PSW) ACPI control method before +putting the device into a low-power state, have to be caught and handled as +appropriate. If they are sent while the system is in the working state +(ACPI S0), they should be translated into interrupts so that the kernel can +put the devices generating them into the full-power state and take care of the +events that triggered them. In turn, if they are sent while the system is +sleeping, they should cause the system's core logic to trigger wakeup. + +On ACPI-based systems wakeup signals sent by conventional PCI devices are +converted into ACPI General-Purpose Events (GPEs) which are hardware signals +from the system core logic generated in response to various events that need to +be acted upon. Every GPE is associated with one or more sources of potentially +interesting events. In particular, a GPE may be associated with a PCI device +capable of signaling wakeup. The information on the connections between GPEs +and event sources is recorded in the system's ACPI BIOS from where it can be +read by the kernel. + +If a PCI device known to the system's ACPI BIOS signals wakeup, the GPE +associated with it (if there is one) is triggered. The GPEs associated with PCI +bridges may also be triggered in response to a wakeup signal from one of the +devices below the bridge (this also is the case for root bridges) and, for +example, native PCI PMEs from devices unknown to the system's ACPI BIOS may be +handled this way. + +A GPE may be triggered when the system is sleeping (i.e. when it is in one of +the ACPI S1-S4 states), in which case system wakeup is started by its core logic +(the device that was the source of the signal causing the system wakeup to occur +may be identified later). The GPEs used in such situations are referred to as +wakeup GPEs. + +Usually, however, GPEs are also triggered when the system is in the working +state (ACPI S0) and in that case the system's core logic generates a System +Control Interrupt (SCI) to notify the kernel of the event. Then, the SCI +handler identifies the GPE that caused the interrupt to be generated which, +in turn, allows the kernel to identify the source of the event (that may be +a PCI device signaling wakeup). The GPEs used for notifying the kernel of +events occurring while the system is in the working state are referred to as +runtime GPEs. + +Unfortunately, there is no standard way of handling wakeup signals sent by +conventional PCI devices on systems that are not ACPI-based, but there is one +for PCI Express devices. Namely, the PCI Express Base Specification introduced +a native mechanism for converting native PCI PMEs into interrupts generated by +root ports. For conventional PCI devices native PMEs are out-of-band, so they +are routed separately and they need not pass through bridges (in principle they +may be routed directly to the system's core logic), but for PCI Express devices +they are in-band messages that have to pass through the PCI Express hierarchy, +including the root port on the path from the device to the Root Complex. Thus +it was possible to introduce a mechanism by which a root port generates an +interrupt whenever it receives a PME message from one of the devices below it. +The PCI Express Requester ID of the device that sent the PME message is then +recorded in one of the root port's configuration registers from where it may be +read by the interrupt handler allowing the device to be identified. [PME +messages sent by PCI Express endpoints integrated with the Root Complex don't +pass through root ports, but instead they cause a Root Complex Event Collector +(if there is one) to generate interrupts.] + +In principle the native PCI Express PME signaling may also be used on ACPI-based +systems along with the GPEs, but to use it the kernel has to ask the system's +ACPI BIOS to release control of root port configuration registers. The ACPI +BIOS, however, is not required to allow the kernel to control these registers +and if it doesn't do that, the kernel must not modify their contents. Of course +the native PCI Express PME signaling cannot be used by the kernel in that case. + + +2. PCI Subsystem and Device Power Management +============================================ + +2.1. Device Power Management Callbacks +-------------------------------------- +The PCI Subsystem participates in the power management of PCI devices in a +number of ways. First of all, it provides an intermediate code layer between +the device power management core (PM core) and PCI device drivers. +Specifically, the pm field of the PCI subsystem's struct bus_type object, +pci_bus_type, points to a struct dev_pm_ops object, pci_dev_pm_ops, containing +pointers to several device power management callbacks: + +const struct dev_pm_ops pci_dev_pm_ops = { + .prepare = pci_pm_prepare, + .complete = pci_pm_complete, + .suspend = pci_pm_suspend, + .resume = pci_pm_resume, + .freeze = pci_pm_freeze, + .thaw = pci_pm_thaw, + .poweroff = pci_pm_poweroff, + .restore = pci_pm_restore, + .suspend_noirq = pci_pm_suspend_noirq, + .resume_noirq = pci_pm_resume_noirq, + .freeze_noirq = pci_pm_freeze_noirq, + .thaw_noirq = pci_pm_thaw_noirq, + .poweroff_noirq = pci_pm_poweroff_noirq, + .restore_noirq = pci_pm_restore_noirq, + .runtime_suspend = pci_pm_runtime_suspend, + .runtime_resume = pci_pm_runtime_resume, + .runtime_idle = pci_pm_runtime_idle, +}; + +These callbacks are executed by the PM core in various situations related to +device power management and they, in turn, execute power management callbacks +provided by PCI device drivers. They also perform power management operations +involving some standard configuration registers of PCI devices that device +drivers need not know or care about. + +The structure representing a PCI device, struct pci_dev, contains several fields +that these callbacks operate on: + +struct pci_dev { + ... + pci_power_t current_state; /* Current operating state. */ + int pm_cap; /* PM capability offset in the + configuration space */ + unsigned int pme_support:5; /* Bitmask of states from which PME# + can be generated */ + unsigned int pme_interrupt:1;/* Is native PCIe PME signaling used? */ + unsigned int d1_support:1; /* Low power state D1 is supported */ + unsigned int d2_support:1; /* Low power state D2 is supported */ + unsigned int no_d1d2:1; /* D1 and D2 are forbidden */ + unsigned int wakeup_prepared:1; /* Device prepared for wake up */ + unsigned int d3_delay; /* D3->D0 transition time in ms */ + ... +}; + +They also indirectly use some fields of the struct device that is embedded in +struct pci_dev. + +2.2. Device Initialization +-------------------------- +The PCI subsystem's first task related to device power management is to +prepare the device for power management and initialize the fields of struct +pci_dev used for this purpose. This happens in two functions defined in +drivers/pci/pci.c, pci_pm_init() and platform_pci_wakeup_init(). + +The first of these functions checks if the device supports native PCI PM +and if that's the case the offset of its power management capability structure +in the configuration space is stored in the pm_cap field of the device's struct +pci_dev object. Next, the function checks which PCI low-power states are +supported by the device and from which low-power states the device can generate +native PCI PMEs. The power management fields of the device's struct pci_dev and +the struct device embedded in it are updated accordingly and the generation of +PMEs by the device is disabled. + +The second function checks if the device can be prepared to signal wakeup with +the help of the platform firmware, such as the ACPI BIOS. If that is the case, +the function updates the wakeup fields in struct device embedded in the +device's struct pci_dev and uses the firmware-provided method to prevent the +device from signaling wakeup. + +At this point the device is ready for power management. For driverless devices, +however, this functionality is limited to a few basic operations carried out +during system-wide transitions to a sleep state and back to the working state. + +2.3. Runtime Device Power Management +------------------------------------ +The PCI subsystem plays a vital role in the runtime power management of PCI +devices. For this purpose it uses the general runtime power management +(runtime PM) framework described in Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt. +Namely, it provides subsystem-level callbacks: + + pci_pm_runtime_suspend() + pci_pm_runtime_resume() + pci_pm_runtime_idle() + +that are executed by the core runtime PM routines. It also implements the +entire mechanics necessary for handling runtime wakeup signals from PCI devices +in low-power states, which at the time of this writing works for both the native +PCI Express PME signaling and the ACPI GPE-based wakeup signaling described in +Section 1. + +First, a PCI device is put into a low-power state, or suspended, with the help +of pm_schedule_suspend() or pm_runtime_suspend() which for PCI devices call +pci_pm_runtime_suspend() to do the actual job. For this to work, the device's +driver has to provide a pm->runtime_suspend() callback (see below), which is +run by pci_pm_runtime_suspend() as the first action. If the driver's callback +returns successfully, the device's standard configuration registers are saved, +the device is prepared to generate wakeup signals and, finally, it is put into +the target low-power state. + +The low-power state to put the device into is the lowest-power (highest number) +state from which it can signal wakeup. The exact method of signaling wakeup is +system-dependent and is determined by the PCI subsystem on the basis of the +reported capabilities of the device and the platform firmware. To prepare the +device for signaling wakeup and put it into the selected low-power state, the +PCI subsystem can use the platform firmware as well as the device's native PCI +PM capabilities, if supported. + +It is expected that the device driver's pm->runtime_suspend() callback will +not attempt to prepare the device for signaling wakeup or to put it into a +low-power state. The driver ought to leave these tasks to the PCI subsystem +that has all of the information necessary to perform them. + +A suspended device is brought back into the "active" state, or resumed, +with the help of pm_request_resume() or pm_runtime_resume() which both call +pci_pm_runtime_resume() for PCI devices. Again, this only works if the device's +driver provides a pm->runtime_resume() callback (see below). However, before +the driver's callback is executed, pci_pm_runtime_resume() brings the device +back into the full-power state, prevents it from signaling wakeup while in that +state and restores its standard configuration registers. Thus the driver's +callback need not worry about the PCI-specific aspects of the device resume. + +Note that generally pci_pm_runtime_resume() may be called in two different +situations. First, it may be called at the request of the device's driver, for +example if there are some data for it to process. Second, it may be called +as a result of a wakeup signal from the device itself (this sometimes is +referred to as "remote wakeup"). Of course, for this purpose the wakeup signal +is handled in one of the ways described in Section 1 and finally converted into +a notification for the PCI subsystem after the source device has been +identified. + +The pci_pm_runtime_idle() function, called for PCI devices by pm_runtime_idle() +and pm_request_idle(), executes the device driver's pm->runtime_idle() +callback, if defined, and if that callback doesn't return error code (or is not +present at all), suspends the device with the help of pm_runtime_suspend(). +Sometimes pci_pm_runtime_idle() is called automatically by the PM core (for +example, it is called right after the device has just been resumed), in which +cases it is expected to suspend the device if that makes sense. Usually, +however, the PCI subsystem doesn't really know if the device really can be +suspended, so it lets the device's driver decide by running its +pm->runtime_idle() callback. + +2.4. System-Wide Power Transitions +---------------------------------- +There are a few different types of system-wide power transitions, described in +Documentation/power/devices.txt. Each of them requires devices to be handled +in a specific way and the PM core executes subsystem-level power management +callbacks for this purpose. They are executed in phases such that each phase +involves executing the same subsystem-level callback for every device belonging +to the given subsystem before the next phase begins. These phases always run +after tasks have been frozen. + +2.4.1. System Suspend + +When the system is going into a sleep state in which the contents of memory will +be preserved, such as one of the ACPI sleep states S1-S3, the phases are: + + prepare, suspend, suspend_noirq. + +The following PCI bus type's callbacks, respectively, are used in these phases: + + pci_pm_prepare() + pci_pm_suspend() + pci_pm_suspend_noirq() + +The pci_pm_prepare() routine first puts the device into the "fully functional" +state with the help of pm_runtime_resume(). Then, it executes the device +driver's pm->prepare() callback if defined (i.e. if the driver's struct +dev_pm_ops object is present and the prepare pointer in that object is valid). + +The pci_pm_suspend() routine first checks if the device's driver implements +legacy PCI suspend routines (see Section 3), in which case the driver's legacy +suspend callback is executed, if present, and its result is returned. Next, if +the device's driver doesn't provide a struct dev_pm_ops object (containing +pointers to the driver's callbacks), pci_pm_default_suspend() is called, which +simply turns off the device's bus master capability and runs +pcibios_disable_device() to disable it, unless the device is a bridge (PCI +bridges are ignored by this routine). Next, the device driver's pm->suspend() +callback is executed, if defined, and its result is returned if it fails. +Finally, pci_fixup_device() is called to apply hardware suspend quirks related +to the device if necessary. + +Note that the suspend phase is carried out asynchronously for PCI devices, so +the pci_pm_suspend() callback may be executed in parallel for any pair of PCI +devices that don't depend on each other in a known way (i.e. none of the paths +in the device tree from the root bridge to a leaf device contains both of them). + +The pci_pm_suspend_noirq() routine is executed after suspend_device_irqs() has +been called, which means that the device driver's interrupt handler won't be +invoked while this routine is running. It first checks if the device's driver +implements legacy PCI suspends routines (Section 3), in which case the legacy +late suspend routine is called and its result is returned (the standard +configuration registers of the device are saved if the driver's callback hasn't +done that). Second, if the device driver's struct dev_pm_ops object is not +present, the device's standard configuration registers are saved and the routine +returns success. Otherwise the device driver's pm->suspend_noirq() callback is +executed, if present, and its result is returned if it fails. Next, if the +device's standard configuration registers haven't been saved yet (one of the +device driver's callbacks executed before might do that), pci_pm_suspend_noirq() +saves them, prepares the device to signal wakeup (if necessary) and puts it into +a low-power state. + +The low-power state to put the device into is the lowest-power (highest number) +state from which it can signal wakeup while the system is in the target sleep +state. Just like in the runtime PM case described above, the mechanism of +signaling wakeup is system-dependent and determined by the PCI subsystem, which +is also responsible for preparing the device to signal wakeup from the system's +target sleep state as appropriate. + +PCI device drivers (that don't implement legacy power management callbacks) are +generally not expected to prepare devices for signaling wakeup or to put them +into low-power states. However, if one of the driver's suspend callbacks +(pm->suspend() or pm->suspend_noirq()) saves the device's standard configuration +registers, pci_pm_suspend_noirq() will assume that the device has been prepared +to signal wakeup and put into a low-power state by the driver (the driver is +then assumed to have used the helper functions provided by the PCI subsystem for +this purpose). PCI device drivers are not encouraged to do that, but in some +rare cases doing that in the driver may be the optimum approach. + +2.4.2. System Resume + +When the system is undergoing a transition from a sleep state in which the +contents of memory have been preserved, such as one of the ACPI sleep states +S1-S3, into the working state (ACPI S0), the phases are: + + resume_noirq, resume, complete. + +The following PCI bus type's callbacks, respectively, are executed in these +phases: + + pci_pm_resume_noirq() + pci_pm_resume() + pci_pm_complete() + +The pci_pm_resume_noirq() routine first puts the device into the full-power +state, restores its standard configuration registers and applies early resume +hardware quirks related to the device, if necessary. This is done +unconditionally, regardless of whether or not the device's driver implements +legacy PCI power management callbacks (this way all PCI devices are in the +full-power state and their standard configuration registers have been restored +when their interrupt handlers are invoked for the first time during resume, +which allows the kernel to avoid problems with the handling of shared interrupts +by drivers whose devices are still suspended). If legacy PCI power management +callbacks (see Section 3) are implemented by the device's driver, the legacy +early resume callback is executed and its result is returned. Otherwise, the +device driver's pm->resume_noirq() callback is executed, if defined, and its +result is returned. + +The pci_pm_resume() routine first checks if the device's standard configuration +registers have been restored and restores them if that's not the case (this +only is necessary in the error path during a failing suspend). Next, resume +hardware quirks related to the device are applied, if necessary, and if the +device's driver implements legacy PCI power management callbacks (see +Section 3), the driver's legacy resume callback is executed and its result is +returned. Otherwise, the device's wakeup signaling mechanisms are blocked and +its driver's pm->resume() callback is executed, if defined (the callback's +result is then returned). + +The resume phase is carried out asynchronously for PCI devices, like the +suspend phase described above, which means that if two PCI devices don't depend +on each other in a known way, the pci_pm_resume() routine may be executed for +the both of them in parallel. + +The pci_pm_complete() routine only executes the device driver's pm->complete() +callback, if defined. + +2.4.3. System Hibernation + +System hibernation is more complicated than system suspend, because it requires +a system image to be created and written into a persistent storage medium. The +image is created atomically and all devices are quiesced, or frozen, before that +happens. + +The freezing of devices is carried out after enough memory has been freed (at +the time of this writing the image creation requires at least 50% of system RAM +to be free) in the following three phases: + + prepare, freeze, freeze_noirq + +that correspond to the PCI bus type's callbacks: + + pci_pm_prepare() + pci_pm_freeze() + pci_pm_freeze_noirq() + +This means that the prepare phase is exactly the same as for system suspend. +The other two phases, however, are different. + +The pci_pm_freeze() routine is quite similar to pci_pm_suspend(), but it runs +the device driver's pm->freeze() callback, if defined, instead of pm->suspend(), +and it doesn't apply the suspend-related hardware quirks. It is executed +asynchronously for different PCI devices that don't depend on each other in a +known way. + +The pci_pm_freeze_noirq() routine, in turn, is similar to +pci_pm_suspend_noirq(), but it calls the device driver's pm->freeze_noirq() +routine instead of pm->suspend_noirq(). It also doesn't attempt to prepare the +device for signaling wakeup and put it into a low-power state. Still, it saves +the device's standard configuration registers if they haven't been saved by one +of the driver's callbacks. + +Once the image has been created, it has to be saved. However, at this point all +devices are frozen and they cannot handle I/O, while their ability to handle +I/O is obviously necessary for the image saving. Thus they have to be brought +back to the fully functional state and this is done in the following phases: + + thaw_noirq, thaw, complete + +using the following PCI bus type's callbacks: + + pci_pm_thaw_noirq() + pci_pm_thaw() + pci_pm_complete() + +respectively. + +The first of them, pci_pm_thaw_noirq(), is analogous to pci_pm_resume_noirq(), +but it doesn't put the device into the full power state and doesn't attempt to +restore its standard configuration registers. It also executes the device +driver's pm->thaw_noirq() callback, if defined, instead of pm->resume_noirq(). + +The pci_pm_thaw() routine is similar to pci_pm_resume(), but it runs the device +driver's pm->thaw() callback instead of pm->resume(). It is executed +asynchronously for different PCI devices that don't depend on each other in a +known way. + +The complete phase it the same as for system resume. + +After saving the image, devices need to be powered down before the system can +enter the target sleep state (ACPI S4 for ACPI-based systems). This is done in +three phases: + + prepare, poweroff, poweroff_noirq + +where the prepare phase is exactly the same as for system suspend. The other +two phases are analogous to the suspend and suspend_noirq phases, respectively. +The PCI subsystem-level callbacks they correspond to + + pci_pm_poweroff() + pci_pm_poweroff_noirq() + +work in analogy with pci_pm_suspend() and pci_pm_poweroff_noirq(), respectively, +although they don't attempt to save the device's standard configuration +registers. + +2.4.4. System Restore + +System restore requires a hibernation image to be loaded into memory and the +pre-hibernation memory contents to be restored before the pre-hibernation system +activity can be resumed. + +As described in Documentation/power/devices.txt, the hibernation image is loaded +into memory by a fresh instance of the kernel, called the boot kernel, which in +turn is loaded and run by a boot loader in the usual way. After the boot kernel +has loaded the image, it needs to replace its own code and data with the code +and data of the "hibernated" kernel stored within the image, called the image +kernel. For this purpose all devices are frozen just like before creating +the image during hibernation, in the + + prepare, freeze, freeze_noirq + +phases described above. However, the devices affected by these phases are only +those having drivers in the boot kernel; other devices will still be in whatever +state the boot loader left them. + +Should the restoration of the pre-hibernation memory contents fail, the boot +kernel would go through the "thawing" procedure described above, using the +thaw_noirq, thaw, and complete phases (that will only affect the devices having +drivers in the boot kernel), and then continue running normally. + +If the pre-hibernation memory contents are restored successfully, which is the +usual situation, control is passed to the image kernel, which then becomes +responsible for bringing the system back to the working state. To achieve this, +it must restore the devices' pre-hibernation functionality, which is done much +like waking up from the memory sleep state, although it involves different +phases: + + restore_noirq, restore, complete + +The first two of these are analogous to the resume_noirq and resume phases +described above, respectively, and correspond to the following PCI subsystem +callbacks: + + pci_pm_restore_noirq() + pci_pm_restore() + +These callbacks work in analogy with pci_pm_resume_noirq() and pci_pm_resume(), +respectively, but they execute the device driver's pm->restore_noirq() and +pm->restore() callbacks, if available. + +The complete phase is carried out in exactly the same way as during system +resume. + + +3. PCI Device Drivers and Power Management +========================================== + +3.1. Power Management Callbacks +------------------------------- +PCI device drivers participate in power management by providing callbacks to be +executed by the PCI subsystem's power management routines described above and by +controlling the runtime power management of their devices. + +At the time of this writing there are two ways to define power management +callbacks for a PCI device driver, the recommended one, based on using a +dev_pm_ops structure described in Documentation/power/devices.txt, and the +"legacy" one, in which the .suspend(), .suspend_late(), .resume_early(), and +.resume() callbacks from struct pci_driver are used. The legacy approach, +however, doesn't allow one to define runtime power management callbacks and is +not really suitable for any new drivers. Therefore it is not covered by this +document (refer to the source code to learn more about it). + +It is recommended that all PCI device drivers define a struct dev_pm_ops object +containing pointers to power management (PM) callbacks that will be executed by +the PCI subsystem's PM routines in various circumstances. A pointer to the +driver's struct dev_pm_ops object has to be assigned to the driver.pm field in +its struct pci_driver object. Once that has happened, the "legacy" PM callbacks +in struct pci_driver are ignored (even if they are not NULL). + +The PM callbacks in struct dev_pm_ops are not mandatory and if they are not +defined (i.e. the respective fields of struct dev_pm_ops are unset) the PCI +subsystem will handle the device in a simplified default manner. If they are +defined, though, they are expected to behave as described in the following +subsections. + +3.1.1. prepare() + +The prepare() callback is executed during system suspend, during hibernation +(when a hibernation image is about to be created), during power-off after +saving a hibernation image and during system restore, when a hibernation image +has just been loaded into memory. + +This callback is only necessary if the driver's device has children that in +general may be registered at any time. In that case the role of the prepare() +callback is to prevent new children of the device from being registered until +one of the resume_noirq(), thaw_noirq(), or restore_noirq() callbacks is run. + +In addition to that the prepare() callback may carry out some operations +preparing the device to be suspended, although it should not allocate memory +(if additional memory is required to suspend the device, it has to be +preallocated earlier, for example in a suspend/hibernate notifier as described +in Documentation/power/notifiers.txt). + +3.1.2. suspend() + +The suspend() callback is only executed during system suspend, after prepare() +callbacks have been executed for all devices in the system. + +This callback is expected to quiesce the device and prepare it to be put into a +low-power state by the PCI subsystem. It is not required (in fact it even is +not recommended) that a PCI driver's suspend() callback save the standard +configuration registers of the device, prepare it for waking up the system, or +put it into a low-power state. All of these operations can very well be taken +care of by the PCI subsystem, without the driver's participation. + +However, in some rare case it is convenient to carry out these operations in +a PCI driver. Then, pci_save_state(), pci_prepare_to_sleep(), and +pci_set_power_state() should be used to save the device's standard configuration +registers, to prepare it for system wakeup (if necessary), and to put it into a +low-power state, respectively. Moreover, if the driver calls pci_save_state(), +the PCI subsystem will not execute either pci_prepare_to_sleep(), or +pci_set_power_state() for its device, so the driver is then responsible for +handling the device as appropriate. + +While the suspend() callback is being executed, the driver's interrupt handler +can be invoked to handle an interrupt from the device, so all suspend-related +operations relying on the driver's ability to handle interrupts should be +carried out in this callback. + +3.1.3. suspend_noirq() + +The suspend_noirq() callback is only executed during system suspend, after +suspend() callbacks have been executed for all devices in the system and +after device interrupts have been disabled by the PM core. + +The difference between suspend_noirq() and suspend() is that the driver's +interrupt handler will not be invoked while suspend_noirq() is running. Thus +suspend_noirq() can carry out operations that would cause race conditions to +arise if they were performed in suspend(). + +3.1.4. freeze() + +The freeze() callback is hibernation-specific and is executed in two situations, +during hibernation, after prepare() callbacks have been executed for all devices +in preparation for the creation of a system image, and during restore, +after a system image has been loaded into memory from persistent storage and the +prepare() callbacks have been executed for all devices. + +The role of this callback is analogous to the role of the suspend() callback +described above. In fact, they only need to be different in the rare cases when +the driver takes the responsibility for putting the device into a low-power state. -The first walk allows a graceful recovery in the event of a failure, since none -of the devices have actually been powered down. - -In both walks, in particular the second, all children of a bridge are touched -before the actual bridge itself. This allows the bridge to retain power while -its children are being accessed. - -Upon resuming from sleep, just the opposite must be true: all bridges must be -powered on and restored before their children are powered on. This is easily -accomplished with a breadth-first walk of the PCI device tree. - - -3. PCI Utility Functions -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -These are helper functions designed to be called by individual device drivers. -Assuming that a device behaves as advertised, these should be applicable in most -cases. However, results may vary. - -Note that these functions are never implicitly called for the driver. The driver -is always responsible for deciding when and if to call these. - - -pci_save_state --------------- - -Usage: - pci_save_state(struct pci_dev *dev); - -Description: - Save first 64 bytes of PCI config space, along with any additional - PCI-Express or PCI-X information. - - -pci_restore_state ------------------ - -Usage: - pci_restore_state(struct pci_dev *dev); - -Description: - Restore previously saved config space. - - -pci_set_power_state -------------------- - -Usage: - pci_set_power_state(struct pci_dev *dev, pci_power_t state); - -Description: - Transition device to low power state using PCI PM Capabilities - registers. - - Will fail under one of the following conditions: - - If state is less than current state, but not D0 (illegal transition) - - Device doesn't support PM Capabilities - - Device does not support requested state - - -pci_enable_wake ---------------- - -Usage: - pci_enable_wake(struct pci_dev *dev, pci_power_t state, int enable); - -Description: - Enable device to generate PME# during low power state using PCI PM - Capabilities. - - Checks whether if device supports generating PME# from requested state - and fail if it does not, unless enable == 0 (request is to disable wake - events, which is implicit if it doesn't even support it in the first - place). - - Note that the PMC Register in the device's PM Capabilities has a bitmask - of the states it supports generating PME# from. D3hot is bit 3 and - D3cold is bit 4. So, while a value of 4 as the state may not seem - semantically correct, it is. - - -4. PCI Device Drivers -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -These functions are intended for use by individual drivers, and are defined in -struct pci_driver: - - int (*suspend) (struct pci_dev *dev, pm_message_t state); - int (*resume) (struct pci_dev *dev); - - -suspend -------- - -Usage: - -if (dev->driver && dev->driver->suspend) - dev->driver->suspend(dev,state); - -A driver uses this function to actually transition the device into a low power -state. This should include disabling I/O, IRQs, and bus-mastering, as well as -physically transitioning the device to a lower power state; it may also include -calls to pci_enable_wake(). - -Bus mastering may be disabled by doing: - -pci_disable_device(dev); - -For devices that support the PCI PM Spec, this may be used to set the device's -power state to match the suspend() parameter: - -pci_set_power_state(dev,state); - -The driver is also responsible for disabling any other device-specific features -(e.g blanking screen, turning off on-card memory, etc). - -The driver should be sure to track the current state of the device, as it may -obviate the need for some operations. - -The driver should update the current_state field in its pci_dev structure in -this function, except for PM-capable devices when pci_set_power_state is used. - -resume ------- - -Usage: - -if (dev->driver && dev->driver->resume) - dev->driver->resume(dev) +In that cases the freeze() callback should not prepare the device system wakeup +or put it into a low-power state. Still, either it or freeze_noirq() should +save the device's standard configuration registers using pci_save_state(). -The resume callback may be called from any power state, and is always meant to -transition the device to the D0 state. +3.1.5. freeze_noirq() -The driver is responsible for reenabling any features of the device that had -been disabled during previous suspend calls, such as IRQs and bus mastering, -as well as calling pci_restore_state(). +The freeze_noirq() callback is hibernation-specific. It is executed during +hibernation, after prepare() and freeze() callbacks have been executed for all +devices in preparation for the creation of a system image, and during restore, +after a system image has been loaded into memory and after prepare() and +freeze() callbacks have been executed for all devices. It is always executed +after device interrupts have been disabled by the PM core. -If the device is currently in D3, it may need to be reinitialized in resume(). +The role of this callback is analogous to the role of the suspend_noirq() +callback described above and it very rarely is necessary to define +freeze_noirq(). - * Some types of devices, like bus controllers, will preserve context in D3hot - (using Vcc power). Their drivers will often want to avoid re-initializing - them after re-entering D0 (perhaps to avoid resetting downstream devices). +The difference between freeze_noirq() and freeze() is analogous to the +difference between suspend_noirq() and suspend(). - * Other kinds of devices in D3hot will discard device context as part of a - soft reset when re-entering the D0 state. - - * Devices resuming from D3cold always go through a power-on reset. Some - device context can also be preserved using Vaux power. +3.1.6. poweroff() - * Some systems hide D3cold resume paths from drivers. For example, on PCs - the resume path for suspend-to-disk often runs BIOS powerup code, which - will sometimes re-initialize the device. +The poweroff() callback is hibernation-specific. It is executed when the system +is about to be powered off after saving a hibernation image to a persistent +storage. prepare() callbacks are executed for all devices before poweroff() is +called. -To handle resets during D3 to D0 transitions, it may be convenient to share -device initialization code between probe() and resume(). Device parameters -can also be saved before the driver suspends into D3, avoiding re-probe. +The role of this callback is analogous to the role of the suspend() and freeze() +callbacks described above, although it does not need to save the contents of +the device's registers. In particular, if the driver wants to put the device +into a low-power state itself instead of allowing the PCI subsystem to do that, +the poweroff() callback should use pci_prepare_to_sleep() and +pci_set_power_state() to prepare the device for system wakeup and to put it +into a low-power state, respectively, but it need not save the device's standard +configuration registers. -If the device supports the PCI PM Spec, it can use this to physically transition -the device to D0: +3.1.7. poweroff_noirq() -pci_set_power_state(dev,0); +The poweroff_noirq() callback is hibernation-specific. It is executed after +poweroff() callbacks have been executed for all devices in the system. -Note that if the entire system is transitioning out of a global sleep state, all -devices will be placed in the D0 state, so this is not necessary. However, in -the event that the device is placed in the D3 state during normal operation, -this call is necessary. It is impossible to determine which of the two events is -taking place in the driver, so it is always a good idea to make that call. +The role of this callback is analogous to the role of the suspend_noirq() and +freeze_noirq() callbacks described above, but it does not need to save the +contents of the device's registers. -The driver should take note of the state that it is resuming from in order to -ensure correct (and speedy) operation. +The difference between poweroff_noirq() and poweroff() is analogous to the +difference between suspend_noirq() and suspend(). -The driver should update the current_state field in its pci_dev structure in -this function, except for PM-capable devices when pci_set_power_state is used. +3.1.8. resume_noirq() +The resume_noirq() callback is only executed during system resume, after the +PM core has enabled the non-boot CPUs. The driver's interrupt handler will not +be invoked while resume_noirq() is running, so this callback can carry out +operations that might race with the interrupt handler. +Since the PCI subsystem unconditionally puts all devices into the full power +state in the resume_noirq phase of system resume and restores their standard +configuration registers, resume_noirq() is usually not necessary. In general +it should only be used for performing operations that would lead to race +conditions if carried out by resume(). -A reference implementation -------------------------- -.suspend() -{ - /* driver specific operations */ +3.1.9. resume() - /* Disable IRQ */ - free_irq(); - /* If using MSI */ - pci_disable_msi(); +The resume() callback is only executed during system resume, after +resume_noirq() callbacks have been executed for all devices in the system and +device interrupts have been enabled by the PM core. - pci_save_state(); - pci_enable_wake(); - /* Disable IO/bus master/irq router */ - pci_disable_device(); - pci_set_power_state(pci_choose_state()); -} +This callback is responsible for restoring the pre-suspend configuration of the +device and bringing it back to the fully functional state. The device should be +able to process I/O in a usual way after resume() has returned. -.resume() -{ - pci_set_power_state(PCI_D0); - pci_restore_state(); - /* device's irq possibly is changed, driver should take care */ - pci_enable_device(); - pci_set_master(); +3.1.10. thaw_noirq() - /* if using MSI, device's vector possibly is changed */ - pci_enable_msi(); +The thaw_noirq() callback is hibernation-specific. It is executed after a +system image has been created and the non-boot CPUs have been enabled by the PM +core, in the thaw_noirq phase of hibernation. It also may be executed if the +loading of a hibernation image fails during system restore (it is then executed +after enabling the non-boot CPUs). The driver's interrupt handler will not be +invoked while thaw_noirq() is running. - request_irq(); - /* driver specific operations; */ -} +The role of this callback is analogous to the role of resume_noirq(). The +difference between these two callbacks is that thaw_noirq() is executed after +freeze() and freeze_noirq(), so in general it does not need to modify the +contents of the device's registers. -This is a typical implementation. Drivers can slightly change the order -of the operations in the implementation, ignore some operations or add -more driver specific operations in it, but drivers should do something like -this on the whole. +3.1.11. thaw() -5. Resources -~~~~~~~~~~~~ +The thaw() callback is hibernation-specific. It is executed after thaw_noirq() +callbacks have been executed for all devices in the system and after device +interrupts have been enabled by the PM core. -PCI Local Bus Specification -PCI Bus Power Management Interface Specification +This callback is responsible for restoring the pre-freeze configuration of +the device, so that it will work in a usual way after thaw() has returned. - http://www.pcisig.com +3.1.12. restore_noirq() +The restore_noirq() callback is hibernation-specific. It is executed in the +restore_noirq phase of hibernation, when the boot kernel has passed control to +the image kernel and the non-boot CPUs have been enabled by the image kernel's +PM core. + +This callback is analogous to resume_noirq() with the exception that it cannot +make any assumption on the previous state of the device, even if the BIOS (or +generally the platform firmware) is known to preserve that state over a +suspend-resume cycle. + +For the vast majority of PCI device drivers there is no difference between +resume_noirq() and restore_noirq(). + +3.1.13. restore() + +The restore() callback is hibernation-specific. It is executed after +restore_noirq() callbacks have been executed for all devices in the system and +after the PM core has enabled device drivers' interrupt handlers to be invoked. + +This callback is analogous to resume(), just like restore_noirq() is analogous +to resume_noirq(). Consequently, the difference between restore_noirq() and +restore() is analogous to the difference between resume_noirq() and resume(). + +For the vast majority of PCI device drivers there is no difference between +resume() and restore(). + +3.1.14. complete() + +The complete() callback is executed in the following situations: + - during system resume, after resume() callbacks have been executed for all + devices, + - during hibernation, before saving the system image, after thaw() callbacks + have been executed for all devices, + - during system restore, when the system is going back to its pre-hibernation + state, after restore() callbacks have been executed for all devices. +It also may be executed if the loading of a hibernation image into memory fails +(in that case it is run after thaw() callbacks have been executed for all +devices that have drivers in the boot kernel). + +This callback is entirely optional, although it may be necessary if the +prepare() callback performs operations that need to be reversed. + +3.1.15. runtime_suspend() + +The runtime_suspend() callback is specific to device runtime power management +(runtime PM). It is executed by the PM core's runtime PM framework when the +device is about to be suspended (i.e. quiesced and put into a low-power state) +at run time. + +This callback is responsible for freezing the device and preparing it to be +put into a low-power state, but it must allow the PCI subsystem to perform all +of the PCI-specific actions necessary for suspending the device. + +3.1.16. runtime_resume() + +The runtime_resume() callback is specific to device runtime PM. It is executed +by the PM core's runtime PM framework when the device is about to be resumed +(i.e. put into the full-power state and programmed to process I/O normally) at +run time. + +This callback is responsible for restoring the normal functionality of the +device after it has been put into the full-power state by the PCI subsystem. +The device is expected to be able to process I/O in the usual way after +runtime_resume() has returned. + +3.1.17. runtime_idle() + +The runtime_idle() callback is specific to device runtime PM. It is executed +by the PM core's runtime PM framework whenever it may be desirable to suspend +the device according to the PM core's information. In particular, it is +automatically executed right after runtime_resume() has returned in case the +resume of the device has happened as a result of a spurious event. + +This callback is optional, but if it is not implemented or if it returns 0, the +PCI subsystem will call pm_runtime_suspend() for the device, which in turn will +cause the driver's runtime_suspend() callback to be executed. + +3.1.18. Pointing Multiple Callback Pointers to One Routine + +Although in principle each of the callbacks described in the previous +subsections can be defined as a separate function, it often is convenient to +point two or more members of struct dev_pm_ops to the same routine. There are +a few convenience macros that can be used for this purpose. + +The SIMPLE_DEV_PM_OPS macro declares a struct dev_pm_ops object with one +suspend routine pointed to by the .suspend(), .freeze(), and .poweroff() +members and one resume routine pointed to by the .resume(), .thaw(), and +.restore() members. The other function pointers in this struct dev_pm_ops are +unset. + +The UNIVERSAL_DEV_PM_OPS macro is similar to SIMPLE_DEV_PM_OPS, but it +additionally sets the .runtime_resume() pointer to the same value as +.resume() (and .thaw(), and .restore()) and the .runtime_suspend() pointer to +the same value as .suspend() (and .freeze() and .poweroff()). + +The SET_SYSTEM_SLEEP_PM_OPS can be used inside of a declaration of struct +dev_pm_ops to indicate that one suspend routine is to be pointed to by the +.suspend(), .freeze(), and .poweroff() members and one resume routine is to +be pointed to by the .resume(), .thaw(), and .restore() members. + +3.2. Device Runtime Power Management +------------------------------------ +In addition to providing device power management callbacks PCI device drivers +are responsible for controlling the runtime power management (runtime PM) of +their devices. + +The PCI device runtime PM is optional, but it is recommended that PCI device +drivers implement it at least in the cases where there is a reliable way of +verifying that the device is not used (like when the network cable is detached +from an Ethernet adapter or there are no devices attached to a USB controller). + +To support the PCI runtime PM the driver first needs to implement the +runtime_suspend() and runtime_resume() callbacks. It also may need to implement +the runtime_idle() callback to prevent the device from being suspended again +every time right after the runtime_resume() callback has returned +(alternatively, the runtime_suspend() callback will have to check if the +device should really be suspended and return -EAGAIN if that is not the case). + +The runtime PM of PCI devices is disabled by default. It is also blocked by +pci_pm_init() that runs the pm_runtime_forbid() helper function. If a PCI +driver implements the runtime PM callbacks and intends to use the runtime PM +framework provided by the PM core and the PCI subsystem, it should enable this +feature by executing the pm_runtime_enable() helper function. However, the +driver should not call the pm_runtime_allow() helper function unblocking +the runtime PM of the device. Instead, it should allow user space or some +platform-specific code to do that (user space can do it via sysfs), although +once it has called pm_runtime_enable(), it must be prepared to handle the +runtime PM of the device correctly as soon as pm_runtime_allow() is called +(which may happen at any time). [It also is possible that user space causes +pm_runtime_allow() to be called via sysfs before the driver is loaded, so in +fact the driver has to be prepared to handle the runtime PM of the device as +soon as it calls pm_runtime_enable().] + +The runtime PM framework works by processing requests to suspend or resume +devices, or to check if they are idle (in which cases it is reasonable to +subsequently request that they be suspended). These requests are represented +by work items put into the power management workqueue, pm_wq. Although there +are a few situations in which power management requests are automatically +queued by the PM core (for example, after processing a request to resume a +device the PM core automatically queues a request to check if the device is +idle), device drivers are generally responsible for queuing power management +requests for their devices. For this purpose they should use the runtime PM +helper functions provided by the PM core, discussed in +Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt. + +Devices can also be suspended and resumed synchronously, without placing a +request into pm_wq. In the majority of cases this also is done by their +drivers that use helper functions provided by the PM core for this purpose. + +For more information on the runtime PM of devices refer to +Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt. + + +4. Resources +============ + +PCI Local Bus Specification, Rev. 3.0 +PCI Bus Power Management Interface Specification, Rev. 1.2 +Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) Specification, Rev. 3.0b +PCI Express Base Specification, Rev. 2.0 +Documentation/power/devices.txt +Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt diff --git a/Documentation/power/pm_qos_interface.txt b/Documentation/power/pm_qos_interface.txt index c40866e..bfed898 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/pm_qos_interface.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/pm_qos_interface.txt @@ -18,44 +18,46 @@ and pm_qos_params.h. This is done because having the available parameters being runtime configurable or changeable from a driver was seen as too easy to abuse. -For each parameter a list of performance requirements is maintained along with +For each parameter a list of performance requests is maintained along with an aggregated target value. The aggregated target value is updated with -changes to the requirement list or elements of the list. Typically the -aggregated target value is simply the max or min of the requirement values held +changes to the request list or elements of the list. Typically the +aggregated target value is simply the max or min of the request values held in the parameter list elements. From kernel mode the use of this interface is simple: -pm_qos_add_requirement(param_id, name, target_value): -Will insert a named element in the list for that identified PM_QOS parameter -with the target value. Upon change to this list the new target is recomputed -and any registered notifiers are called only if the target value is now -different. -pm_qos_update_requirement(param_id, name, new_target_value): -Will search the list identified by the param_id for the named list element and -then update its target value, calling the notification tree if the aggregated -target is changed. with that name is already registered. +handle = pm_qos_add_request(param_class, target_value): +Will insert an element into the list for that identified PM_QOS class with the +target value. Upon change to this list the new target is recomputed and any +registered notifiers are called only if the target value is now different. +Clients of pm_qos need to save the returned handle. -pm_qos_remove_requirement(param_id, name): -Will search the identified list for the named element and remove it, after -removal it will update the aggregate target and call the notification tree if -the target was changed as a result of removing the named requirement. +void pm_qos_update_request(handle, new_target_value): +Will update the list element pointed to by the handle with the new target value +and recompute the new aggregated target, calling the notification tree if the +target is changed. + +void pm_qos_remove_request(handle): +Will remove the element. After removal it will update the aggregate target and +call the notification tree if the target was changed as a result of removing +the request. From user mode: -Only processes can register a pm_qos requirement. To provide for automatic -cleanup for process the interface requires the process to register its -parameter requirements in the following way: +Only processes can register a pm_qos request. To provide for automatic +cleanup of a process, the interface requires the process to register its +parameter requests in the following way: To register the default pm_qos target for the specific parameter, the process must open one of /dev/[cpu_dma_latency, network_latency, network_throughput] As long as the device node is held open that process has a registered -requirement on the parameter. The name of the requirement is "process_<PID>" -derived from the current->pid from within the open system call. +request on the parameter. -To change the requested target value the process needs to write a s32 value to -the open device node. This translates to a pm_qos_update_requirement call. +To change the requested target value the process needs to write an s32 value to +the open device node. Alternatively the user mode program could write a hex +string for the value using 10 char long format e.g. "0x12345678". This +translates to a pm_qos_update_request call. To remove the user mode request for a target value simply close the device node. diff --git a/Documentation/power/regulator/consumer.txt b/Documentation/power/regulator/consumer.txt index cdebb51..55c4175 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/regulator/consumer.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/regulator/consumer.txt @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ Please see overview.txt for a description of the terms used in this text. 1. Consumer Regulator Access (static & dynamic drivers) ======================================================= -A consumer driver can get access to it's supply regulator by calling :- +A consumer driver can get access to its supply regulator by calling :- regulator = regulator_get(dev, "Vcc"); -The consumer passes in it's struct device pointer and power supply ID. The core +The consumer passes in its struct device pointer and power supply ID. The core then finds the correct regulator by consulting a machine specific lookup table. If the lookup is successful then this call will return a pointer to the struct regulator that supplies this consumer. @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ usually be called in your device drivers probe() and remove() respectively. 2. Regulator Output Enable & Disable (static & dynamic drivers) ==================================================================== -A consumer can enable it's power supply by calling:- +A consumer can enable its power supply by calling:- int regulator_enable(regulator); @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ int regulator_is_enabled(regulator); This will return > zero when the regulator is enabled. -A consumer can disable it's supply when no longer needed by calling :- +A consumer can disable its supply when no longer needed by calling :- int regulator_disable(regulator); @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ by calling :- int regulator_set_optimum_mode(struct regulator *regulator, int load_uA); This will cause the core to recalculate the total load on the regulator (based -on all it's consumers) and change operating mode (if necessary and permitted) +on all its consumers) and change operating mode (if necessary and permitted) to best match the current operating load. The load_uA value can be determined from the consumers datasheet. e.g.most diff --git a/Documentation/power/regulator/machine.txt b/Documentation/power/regulator/machine.txt index 63728fe..bdec39b 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/regulator/machine.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/regulator/machine.txt @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ static struct regulator_init_data regulator1_data = { }; Regulator-1 supplies power to Regulator-2. This relationship must be registered -with the core so that Regulator-1 is also enabled when Consumer A enables it's +with the core so that Regulator-1 is also enabled when Consumer A enables its supply (Regulator-2). The supply regulator is set by the supply_regulator_dev field below:- diff --git a/Documentation/power/regulator/overview.txt b/Documentation/power/regulator/overview.txt index ffd185b..9363e05 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/regulator/overview.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/regulator/overview.txt @@ -35,16 +35,16 @@ Some terms used in this document:- o Consumer - Electronic device that is supplied power by a regulator. Consumers can be classified into two types:- - Static: consumer does not change it's supply voltage or + Static: consumer does not change its supply voltage or current limit. It only needs to enable or disable it's - power supply. It's supply voltage is set by the hardware, + power supply. Its supply voltage is set by the hardware, bootloader, firmware or kernel board initialisation code. Dynamic: consumer needs to change it's supply voltage or current limit to meet operation demands. - o Power Domain - Electronic circuit that is supplied it's input power by the + o Power Domain - Electronic circuit that is supplied its input power by the output power of a regulator, switch or by another power domain. diff --git a/Documentation/power/tricks.txt b/Documentation/power/tricks.txt index 3b26bb5..a1b8f72 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/tricks.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/tricks.txt @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ swsusp/S3 tricks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz> +Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> If you want to trick swsusp/S3 into working, you might want to try: diff --git a/Documentation/power/userland-swsusp.txt b/Documentation/power/userland-swsusp.txt index b967cd9..81680f9 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/userland-swsusp.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/userland-swsusp.txt @@ -24,6 +24,10 @@ assumed to be in the resume mode. The device cannot be open for simultaneous reading and writing. It is also impossible to have the device open more than once at a time. +Even opening the device has side effects. Data structures are +allocated, and PM_HIBERNATION_PREPARE / PM_RESTORE_PREPARE chains are +called. + The ioctl() commands recognized by the device are: SNAPSHOT_FREEZE - freeze user space processes (the current process is diff --git a/Documentation/power/video.txt b/Documentation/power/video.txt index 2b35849..3e6272b 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/video.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/video.txt @@ -67,11 +67,11 @@ There are a few types of systems where video works after S3 resume: POSTing bios works. Ole Rohne has patch to do just that at http://dev.gentoo.org/~marineam/patch-radeonfb-2.6.11-rc2-mm2. -(8) on some systems, you can use the video_post utility mentioned here: - http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=3670. Do echo 3 > /sys/power/state - && /usr/sbin/video_post - which will initialize the display in console mode. - If you are in X, you can switch to a virtual terminal and back to X using - CTRL+ALT+F1 - CTRL+ALT+F7 to get the display working in graphical mode again. +(8) on some systems, you can use the video_post utility and or + do echo 3 > /sys/power/state && /usr/sbin/video_post - which will + initialize the display in console mode. If you are in X, you can switch + to a virtual terminal and back to X using CTRL+ALT+F1 - CTRL+ALT+F7 to get + the display working in graphical mode again. Now, if you pass acpi_sleep=something, and it does not work with your bios, you'll get a hard crash during resume. Be careful. Also it is @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ Mainboard Graphics card hack (or "how to do it") Asus A7V8X nVidia RIVA TNT2 model 64 s3_bios,s3_mode (4) -(*) from http://www.ubuntulinux.org/wiki/HoaryPMResults, not sure +(*) from https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HoaryPMResults, not sure which options to use. If you know, please tell me. (***) To be tested with a newer kernel. diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt index 79f533f..568fa08 100644 --- a/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt @@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ IV - "dtc", the device tree compiler dtc source code can be found at -<http://ozlabs.org/~dgibson/dtc/dtc.tar.gz> +<http://git.jdl.com/gitweb/?p=dtc.git> WARNING: This version is still in early development stage; the resulting device-tree "blobs" have not yet been validated with the @@ -1289,7 +1289,7 @@ link between a device node and its interrupt parent in the interrupt tree. The value of interrupt-parent is the phandle of the parent node. -If the interrupt-parent property is not defined for a node, it's +If the interrupt-parent property is not defined for a node, its interrupt parent is assumed to be an ancestor in the node's _device tree_ hierarchy. diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/4xx/reboot.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/4xx/reboot.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d721726 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/4xx/reboot.txt @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +Reboot property to control system reboot on PPC4xx systems: + +By setting "reset_type" to one of the following values, the default +software reset mechanism may be overidden. Here the possible values of +"reset_type": + + 1 - PPC4xx core reset + 2 - PPC4xx chip reset + 3 - PPC4xx system reset (default) + +Example: + + cpu@0 { + device_type = "cpu"; + model = "PowerPC,440SPe"; + ... + reset-type = <2>; /* Use chip-reset */ + }; diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/8xxx_gpio.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/8xxx_gpio.txt index d015dce..b0019eb 100644 --- a/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/8xxx_gpio.txt +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/8xxx_gpio.txt @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Required properties: 83xx, "fsl,mpc8572-gpio" for 85xx and "fsl,mpc8610-gpio" for 86xx. - #gpio-cells : Should be two. The first cell is the pin number and the second cell is used to specify optional parameters (currently unused). - - interrupts : Interrupt mapping for GPIO IRQ (currently unused). + - interrupts : Interrupt mapping for GPIO IRQ. - interrupt-parent : Phandle for the interrupt controller that services interrupts for this device. - gpio-controller : Marks the port as GPIO controller. @@ -38,3 +38,23 @@ Example of gpio-controller nodes for a MPC8347 SoC: See booting-without-of.txt for details of how to specify GPIO information for devices. + +To use GPIO pins as interrupt sources for peripherals, specify the +GPIO controller as the interrupt parent and define GPIO number + +trigger mode using the interrupts property, which is defined like +this: + +interrupts = <number trigger>, where: + - number: GPIO pin (0..31) + - trigger: trigger mode: + 2 = trigger on falling edge + 3 = trigger on both edges + +Example of device using this is: + + funkyfpga@0 { + compatible = "funky-fpga"; + ... + interrupts = <4 3>; + interrupt-parent = <&gpio1>; + }; diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/diu.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/diu.txt index deb35de..b66cb6d 100644 --- a/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/diu.txt +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/diu.txt @@ -4,10 +4,17 @@ The Freescale DIU is a LCD controller, with proper hardware, it can also drive DVI monitors. Required properties: -- compatible : should be "fsl-diu". +- compatible : should be "fsl,diu" or "fsl,mpc5121-diu". - reg : should contain at least address and length of the DIU register set. -- Interrupts : one DIU interrupt should be describe here. +- interrupts : one DIU interrupt should be described here. +- interrupt-parent : the phandle for the interrupt controller that + services interrupts for this device. + +Optional properties: +- edid : verbatim EDID data block describing attached display. + Data from the detailed timing descriptor will be used to + program the display controller. Example (MPC8610HPCD): display@2c000 { @@ -16,3 +23,12 @@ Example (MPC8610HPCD): interrupts = <72 2>; interrupt-parent = <&mpic>; }; + +Example for MPC5121: + display@2100 { + compatible = "fsl,mpc5121-diu"; + reg = <0x2100 0x100>; + interrupts = <64 0x8>; + interrupt-parent = <&ipic>; + edid = [edid-data]; + }; diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/esdhc.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/esdhc.txt index 8a00407..64bcb8b 100644 --- a/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/esdhc.txt +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/esdhc.txt @@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ Required properties: reports inverted write-protect state; - sdhci,1-bit-only : (optional) specifies that a controller can only handle 1-bit data transfers. + - sdhci,auto-cmd12: (optional) specifies that a controller can + only handle auto CMD12. Example: diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/i2c.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/i2c.txt index 50da203..1eacd6b 100644 --- a/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/i2c.txt +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/i2c.txt @@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Recommended properties : - fsl,preserve-clocking : boolean; if defined, the clock settings from the bootloader are preserved (not touched). - clock-frequency : desired I2C bus clock frequency in Hz. + - fsl,timeout : I2C bus timeout in microseconds. Examples : @@ -59,4 +60,5 @@ Examples : interrupts = <43 2>; interrupt-parent = <&mpic>; clock-frequency = <400000>; + fsl,timeout = <10000>; }; diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/xilinx.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/xilinx.txt index ea68046..299d0923 100644 --- a/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/xilinx.txt +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/xilinx.txt @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ control how the core is synthesized. Historically, the EDK tool would extract the device parameters relevant to device drivers and copy them into an 'xparameters.h' in the form of #define symbols. This tells the - device drivers how the IP cores are configured, but it requres the kernel + device drivers how the IP cores are configured, but it requires the kernel to be recompiled every time the FPGA bitstream is resynthesized. The new approach is to export the parameters into the device tree and diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/phyp-assisted-dump.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/phyp-assisted-dump.txt index c4682b9..ad34020 100644 --- a/Documentation/powerpc/phyp-assisted-dump.txt +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/phyp-assisted-dump.txt @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ dump offers several strong, practical advantages: immediately available to the system for normal use. -- After the dump is completed, no further reboots are required; the system will be fully usable, and running - in it's normal, production mode on it normal kernel. + in its normal, production mode on its normal kernel. The above can only be accomplished by coordination with, and assistance from the hypervisor. The procedure is diff --git a/Documentation/rbtree.txt b/Documentation/rbtree.txt index aae8355..221f38b 100644 --- a/Documentation/rbtree.txt +++ b/Documentation/rbtree.txt @@ -190,3 +190,61 @@ Example: for (node = rb_first(&mytree); node; node = rb_next(node)) printk("key=%s\n", rb_entry(node, struct mytype, node)->keystring); +Support for Augmented rbtrees +----------------------------- + +Augmented rbtree is an rbtree with "some" additional data stored in each node. +This data can be used to augment some new functionality to rbtree. +Augmented rbtree is an optional feature built on top of basic rbtree +infrastructure. rbtree user who wants this feature will have an augment +callback function in rb_root initialized. + +This callback function will be called from rbtree core routines whenever +a node has a change in one or both of its children. It is the responsibility +of the callback function to recalculate the additional data that is in the +rb node using new children information. Note that if this new additional +data affects the parent node's additional data, then callback function has +to handle it and do the recursive updates. + + +Interval tree is an example of augmented rb tree. Reference - +"Introduction to Algorithms" by Cormen, Leiserson, Rivest and Stein. +More details about interval trees: + +Classical rbtree has a single key and it cannot be directly used to store +interval ranges like [lo:hi] and do a quick lookup for any overlap with a new +lo:hi or to find whether there is an exact match for a new lo:hi. + +However, rbtree can be augmented to store such interval ranges in a structured +way making it possible to do efficient lookup and exact match. + +This "extra information" stored in each node is the maximum hi +(max_hi) value among all the nodes that are its descendents. This +information can be maintained at each node just be looking at the node +and its immediate children. And this will be used in O(log n) lookup +for lowest match (lowest start address among all possible matches) +with something like: + +find_lowest_match(lo, hi, node) +{ + lowest_match = NULL; + while (node) { + if (max_hi(node->left) > lo) { + // Lowest overlap if any must be on left side + node = node->left; + } else if (overlap(lo, hi, node)) { + lowest_match = node; + break; + } else if (lo > node->lo) { + // Lowest overlap if any must be on right side + node = node->right; + } else { + break; + } + } + return lowest_match; +} + +Finding exact match will be to first find lowest match and then to follow +successor nodes looking for exact match, until the start of a node is beyond +the hi value we are looking for. diff --git a/Documentation/rfkill.txt b/Documentation/rfkill.txt index b486050..83668e5 100644 --- a/Documentation/rfkill.txt +++ b/Documentation/rfkill.txt @@ -99,37 +99,15 @@ system. Also, it is possible to switch all rfkill drivers (or all drivers of a specified type) into a state which also updates the default state for hotplugged devices. -After an application opens /dev/rfkill, it can read the current state of -all devices, and afterwards can poll the descriptor for hotplug or state -change events. - -Applications must ignore operations (the "op" field) they do not handle, -this allows the API to be extended in the future. - -Additionally, each rfkill device is registered in sysfs and there has the -following attributes: - - name: Name assigned by driver to this key (interface or driver name). - type: Driver type string ("wlan", "bluetooth", etc). - persistent: Whether the soft blocked state is initialised from - non-volatile storage at startup. - state: Current state of the transmitter - 0: RFKILL_STATE_SOFT_BLOCKED - transmitter is turned off by software - 1: RFKILL_STATE_UNBLOCKED - transmitter is (potentially) active - 2: RFKILL_STATE_HARD_BLOCKED - transmitter is forced off by something outside of - the driver's control. - This file is deprecated because it can only properly show - three of the four possible states, soft-and-hard-blocked is - missing. - claim: 0: Kernel handles events - This file is deprecated because there no longer is a way to - claim just control over a single rfkill instance. - -rfkill devices also issue uevents (with an action of "change"), with the -following environment variables set: +After an application opens /dev/rfkill, it can read the current state of all +devices. Changes can be either obtained by either polling the descriptor for +hotplug or state change events or by listening for uevents emitted by the +rfkill core framework. + +Additionally, each rfkill device is registered in sysfs and emits uevents. + +rfkill devices issue uevents (with an action of "change"), with the following +environment variables set: RFKILL_NAME RFKILL_STATE @@ -137,3 +115,7 @@ RFKILL_TYPE The contents of these variables corresponds to the "name", "state" and "type" sysfs files explained above. + + +For further details consult Documentation/ABI/stable/dev-rfkill and +Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-rfkill. diff --git a/Documentation/rt-mutex-design.txt b/Documentation/rt-mutex-design.txt index 4b736d2..33ed800 100644 --- a/Documentation/rt-mutex-design.txt +++ b/Documentation/rt-mutex-design.txt @@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ process this is rather easy to know what needs to be adjusted. The functions implementing the task adjustments are rt_mutex_adjust_prio, __rt_mutex_adjust_prio (same as the former, but expects the task pi_lock -to already be taken), rt_mutex_get_prio, and rt_mutex_setprio. +to already be taken), rt_mutex_getprio, and rt_mutex_setprio. rt_mutex_getprio and rt_mutex_setprio are only used in __rt_mutex_adjust_prio. @@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ here. The waiter structure has a "task" field that points to the task that is blocked on the mutex. This field can be NULL the first time it goes through the loop -or if the task is a pending owner and had it's mutex stolen. If the "task" +or if the task is a pending owner and had its mutex stolen. If the "task" field is NULL then we need to set up the accounting for it. Task blocks on mutex diff --git a/Documentation/s390/Debugging390.txt b/Documentation/s390/Debugging390.txt index 1eb576a..86f9f74 100644 --- a/Documentation/s390/Debugging390.txt +++ b/Documentation/s390/Debugging390.txt @@ -2531,5 +2531,5 @@ Special Thanks ============== Special thanks to Neale Ferguson who maintains a much prettier HTML version of this page at -http://penguinvm.princeton.edu/notes.html#Debug390 +http://linuxvm.org/penguinvm/ Bob Grainger Stefan Bader & others for reporting bugs diff --git a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt index 6f33593..8239ebb 100644 --- a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt +++ b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt @@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ provide fair CPU time to each such task group. For example, it may be desirable to first provide fair CPU time to each user on the system and then to each task belonging to a user. -CONFIG_GROUP_SCHED strives to achieve exactly that. It lets tasks to be +CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED strives to achieve exactly that. It lets tasks to be grouped and divides CPU time fairly among such groups. CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED permits to group real-time (i.e., SCHED_FIFO and @@ -220,38 +220,11 @@ SCHED_RR) tasks. CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED permits to group CFS (i.e., SCHED_NORMAL and SCHED_BATCH) tasks. -At present, there are two (mutually exclusive) mechanisms to group tasks for -CPU bandwidth control purposes: - - - Based on user id (CONFIG_USER_SCHED) - - With this option, tasks are grouped according to their user id. - - - Based on "cgroup" pseudo filesystem (CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED) - - This options needs CONFIG_CGROUPS to be defined, and lets the administrator + These options need CONFIG_CGROUPS to be defined, and let the administrator create arbitrary groups of tasks, using the "cgroup" pseudo filesystem. See Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt for more information about this filesystem. -Only one of these options to group tasks can be chosen and not both. - -When CONFIG_USER_SCHED is defined, a directory is created in sysfs for each new -user and a "cpu_share" file is added in that directory. - - # cd /sys/kernel/uids - # cat 512/cpu_share # Display user 512's CPU share - 1024 - # echo 2048 > 512/cpu_share # Modify user 512's CPU share - # cat 512/cpu_share # Display user 512's CPU share - 2048 - # - -CPU bandwidth between two users is divided in the ratio of their CPU shares. -For example: if you would like user "root" to get twice the bandwidth of user -"guest," then set the cpu_share for both the users such that "root"'s cpu_share -is twice "guest"'s cpu_share. - -When CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED is defined, a "cpu.shares" file is created for each +When CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED is defined, a "cpu.shares" file is created for each group created using the pseudo filesystem. See example steps below to create task groups and modify their CPU share using the "cgroups" pseudo filesystem. @@ -273,24 +246,3 @@ task groups and modify their CPU share using the "cgroups" pseudo filesystem. # #Launch gmplayer (or your favourite movie player) # echo <movie_player_pid> > multimedia/tasks - -8. Implementation note: user namespaces - -User namespaces are intended to be hierarchical. But they are currently -only partially implemented. Each of those has ramifications for CFS. - -First, since user namespaces are hierarchical, the /sys/kernel/uids -presentation is inadequate. Eventually we will likely want to use sysfs -tagging to provide private views of /sys/kernel/uids within each user -namespace. - -Second, the hierarchical nature is intended to support completely -unprivileged use of user namespaces. So if using user groups, then -we want the users in a user namespace to be children of the user -who created it. - -That is currently unimplemented. So instead, every user in a new -user namespace will receive 1024 shares just like any user in the -initial user namespace. Note that at the moment creation of a new -user namespace requires each of CAP_SYS_ADMIN, CAP_SETUID, and -CAP_SETGID. diff --git a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt index 86eabe6..605b0d4 100644 --- a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt +++ b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt @@ -126,23 +126,12 @@ priority! 2.3 Basis for grouping tasks ---------------------------- -There are two compile-time settings for allocating CPU bandwidth. These are -configured using the "Basis for grouping tasks" multiple choice menu under -General setup > Group CPU Scheduler: - -a. CONFIG_USER_SCHED (aka "Basis for grouping tasks" = "user id") - -This lets you use the virtual files under -"/sys/kernel/uids/<uid>/cpu_rt_runtime_us" to control he CPU time reserved for -each user . - -The other option is: - -.o CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED (aka "Basis for grouping tasks" = "Control groups") +Enabling CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED lets you explicitly allocate real +CPU bandwidth to task groups. This uses the /cgroup virtual file system and "/cgroup/<cgroup>/cpu.rt_runtime_us" to control the CPU time reserved for each -control group instead. +control group. For more information on working with control groups, you should read Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt as well. @@ -161,8 +150,7 @@ For now, this can be simplified to just the following (but see Future plans): =============== There is work in progress to make the scheduling period for each group -("/sys/kernel/uids/<uid>/cpu_rt_period_us" or -"/cgroup/<cgroup>/cpu.rt_period_us" respectively) configurable as well. +("/cgroup/<cgroup>/cpu.rt_period_us") configurable as well. The constraint on the period is that a subgroup must have a smaller or equal period to its parent. But realistically its not very useful _yet_ diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/BusLogic.txt b/Documentation/scsi/BusLogic.txt index 98023ba..d7fbc94 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/BusLogic.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/BusLogic.txt @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ tune driver performance and error recovery to their particular needs. The latest information on Linux support for BusLogic SCSI Host Adapters, as well as the most recent release of this driver and the latest firmware for the BT-948/958/958D, will always be available from my Linux Home Page at URL -"http://www.dandelion.com/Linux/". +"http://sourceforge.net/projects/dandelion/". Bug reports should be sent via electronic mail to "lnz@dandelion.com". Please include with the bug report the complete configuration messages reported by the diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/ChangeLog.lpfc b/Documentation/scsi/ChangeLog.lpfc index 2ffc114..337c924 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/ChangeLog.lpfc +++ b/Documentation/scsi/ChangeLog.lpfc @@ -707,7 +707,7 @@ Changes from 20040920 to 20041018 * Integrate patches from Christoph Hellwig: two new helpers common to lpfc_sli_resume_iocb and lpfc_sli_issue_iocb - singificant cleanup of those two functions - the unused SLI_IOCB_USE_TXQ is - gone - lpfc_sli_issue_iocb_wait loses it's flags argument + gone - lpfc_sli_issue_iocb_wait loses its flags argument totally. * Fix in lpfc_sli.c: we can not store a 5 bit value in a 4-bit field. @@ -807,7 +807,7 @@ Changes from 20040908 to 20040920 lpfc_disc_done/lpfc_do_dpc cleanup - lpfc_disc_done can return void - move lpfc_do_dpc and lpfc_disc_done to lpfc_hbadisc.c - remove checking of list emptiness before calling lpfc_disc_done, - it handles the emtpy list case just fine and the additional + it handles the empty list case just fine and the additional instructions cost less then the bustlocked spinlock operations. * Integrated patch from Christoph Hellwig: This adds a new 64bit counter instead, brd_no isn't reused anymore. Also some tiny @@ -1028,7 +1028,7 @@ Changes from 20040614 to 20040709 * Remove the need for buf_tmo. * Changed ULP_BDE64 to struct ulp_bde64. * Changed ULP_BDE to struct ulp_bde. - * Cleanup lpfc_os_return_scsi_cmd() and it's call path. + * Cleanup lpfc_os_return_scsi_cmd() and its call path. * Removed lpfc_no_device_delay. * Consolidating lpfc_hba_put_event() into lpfc_put_event(). * Removed following attributes and their functionality: diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/ChangeLog.megaraid b/Documentation/scsi/ChangeLog.megaraid index 38e9e7c..5e07d32 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/ChangeLog.megaraid +++ b/Documentation/scsi/ChangeLog.megaraid @@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ Older Version : 2.20.4.5 (scsi module), 2.20.2.5 (cmm module) 3. Convert pci_module_init to pci_register_driver Convert from pci_module_init to pci_register_driver - (from:http://kerneljanitors.org/TODO) + (from:http://kernelnewbies.org/KernelJanitors/TODO) - Signed-off-by: Domen Puncer <domen@coderock.org> 4. Use the pre defined DMA mask constants from dma-mapping.h diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/FlashPoint.txt b/Documentation/scsi/FlashPoint.txt index d5acaa3..5b5f29c 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/FlashPoint.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/FlashPoint.txt @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ operating system support to its BusLogic brand of FlashPoint Ultra SCSI host adapters. All of BusLogic's other SCSI host adapters, including the MultiMaster line, currently support the Linux operating system. Linux drivers and information will be available on October 15th at -http://www.dandelion.com/Linux/. +http://sourceforge.net/projects/dandelion/. "Mylex is committed to supporting the Linux community," says Peter Shambora, vice president of marketing for Mylex. "We have supported Linux driver @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Linux is a freely-distributed implementation of UNIX for Intel x86, Sun SPARC, SGI MIPS, Motorola 68k, Digital Alpha AXP and Motorola PowerPC machines. It supports a wide range of software, including the X Window System, Emacs, and TCP/IP networking. Further information is available at -http://www.linux.org and http://www.ssc.com/linux. +http://www.linux.org and http://www.ssc.com/. FlashPoint Host Adapters @@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ peters@mylex.com Ever since its introduction last October, the BusLogic FlashPoint LT has been problematic for members of the Linux community, in that no Linux -drivers have been available for this new Ultra SCSI product. Despite it's +drivers have been available for this new Ultra SCSI product. Despite its officially being positioned as a desktop workstation product, and not being particularly well suited for a high performance multitasking operating system like Linux, the FlashPoint LT has been touted by computer system diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/Mylex.txt b/Documentation/scsi/Mylex.txt index cdf6929..3797f3e 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/Mylex.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/Mylex.txt @@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ Please see the file README.BusLogic for information about Linux support for Mylex (formerly BusLogic) MultiMaster and FlashPoint SCSI Host Adapters. The Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID Controllers are now supported. Please consult -http://www.dandelion.com/Linux/ for further information on the DAC960 driver. +http://sourceforge.net/projects/dandelion for further information on the DAC960 driver. diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/NinjaSCSI.txt b/Documentation/scsi/NinjaSCSI.txt index 3229b64..ac8db8c 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/NinjaSCSI.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/NinjaSCSI.txt @@ -3,8 +3,6 @@ 1. Comment This is Workbit corp.'s(http://www.workbit.co.jp/) NinjaSCSI-3 -(http://www.workbit.co.jp/ts/z_nj3r.html) and NinjaSCSI-32Bi -(http://www.workbit.co.jp/ts/z_njsc32bi.html) PCMCIA card driver module for Linux. 2. My Linux environment diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt b/Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt index c014ecc..16e054c 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt @@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ The following information is available in this file: http://www.adaptec.com/buy-cables/. Europe - - Visit our Web site at http://www.adaptec-europe.com/. + - Visit our Web site at http://www.adaptec.com/en-US/_common/world_index. - To speak with a Technical Support Specialist, call, or email, * German: +49 89 4366 5522, Monday-Friday, 9:00-17:00 CET, http://ask-de.adaptec.com/. diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt b/Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt index b7e238c..18f8d19 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt @@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ The following information is available in this file: http://www.adaptec.com/buy-cables/. Europe - - Visit our Web site at http://www.adaptec-europe.com/. + - Visit our Web site at http://www.adaptec.com/en-US/_common/world_index. - To speak with a Technical Support Specialist, call, or email, * German: +49 89 4366 5522, Monday-Friday, 9:00-17:00 CET, http://ask-de.adaptec.com/. diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/dtc3x80.txt b/Documentation/scsi/dtc3x80.txt index e8ae623..1d7af9f 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/dtc3x80.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/dtc3x80.txt @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The 3180 does not. Otherwise, they are identical. The DTC3x80 does not support DMA but it does have Pseudo-DMA which is supported by the driver. -It's DTC406 scsi chip is supposedly compatible with the NCR 53C400. +Its DTC406 scsi chip is supposedly compatible with the NCR 53C400. It is memory mapped, uses an IRQ, but no dma or io-port. There is internal DMA, between SCSI bus and an on-chip 128-byte buffer. Double buffering is done automagically by the chip. Data is transferred diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/hpsa.txt b/Documentation/scsi/hpsa.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dca6583 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/scsi/hpsa.txt @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ + +HPSA - Hewlett Packard Smart Array driver +----------------------------------------- + +This file describes the hpsa SCSI driver for HP Smart Array controllers. +The hpsa driver is intended to supplant the cciss driver for newer +Smart Array controllers. The hpsa driver is a SCSI driver, while the +cciss driver is a "block" driver. Actually cciss is both a block +driver (for logical drives) AND a SCSI driver (for tape drives). This +"split-brained" design of the cciss driver is a source of excess +complexity and eliminating that complexity is one of the reasons +for hpsa to exist. + +Supported devices: +------------------ + +Smart Array P212 +Smart Array P410 +Smart Array P410i +Smart Array P411 +Smart Array P812 +Smart Array P712m +Smart Array P711m +StorageWorks P1210m + +Additionally, older Smart Arrays may work with the hpsa driver if the kernel +boot parameter "hpsa_allow_any=1" is specified, however these are not tested +nor supported by HP with this driver. For older Smart Arrays, the cciss +driver should still be used. + +HPSA specific entries in /sys +----------------------------- + + In addition to the generic SCSI attributes available in /sys, hpsa supports + the following attributes: + + HPSA specific host attributes: + ------------------------------ + + /sys/class/scsi_host/host*/rescan + /sys/class/scsi_host/host*/firmware_revision + + the host "rescan" attribute is a write only attribute. Writing to this + attribute will cause the driver to scan for new, changed, or removed devices + (e.g. hot-plugged tape drives, or newly configured or deleted logical drives, + etc.) and notify the SCSI midlayer of any changes detected. Normally this is + triggered automatically by HP's Array Configuration Utility (either the GUI or + command line variety) so for logical drive changes, the user should not + normally have to use this. It may be useful when hot plugging devices like + tape drives, or entire storage boxes containing pre-configured logical drives. + + The "firmware_revision" attribute contains the firmware version of the Smart Array. + For example: + + root@host:/sys/class/scsi_host/host4# cat firmware_revision + 7.14 + + HPSA specific disk attributes: + ------------------------------ + + /sys/class/scsi_disk/c:b:t:l/device/unique_id + /sys/class/scsi_disk/c:b:t:l/device/raid_level + /sys/class/scsi_disk/c:b:t:l/device/lunid + + (where c:b:t:l are the controller, bus, target and lun of the device) + + For example: + + root@host:/sys/class/scsi_disk/4:0:0:0/device# cat unique_id + 600508B1001044395355323037570F77 + root@host:/sys/class/scsi_disk/4:0:0:0/device# cat lunid + 0x0000004000000000 + root@host:/sys/class/scsi_disk/4:0:0:0/device# cat raid_level + RAID 0 + +HPSA specific ioctls: +--------------------- + + For compatibility with applications written for the cciss driver, many, but + not all of the ioctls supported by the cciss driver are also supported by the + hpsa driver. The data structures used by these are described in + include/linux/cciss_ioctl.h + + CCISS_DEREGDISK + CCISS_REGNEWDISK + CCISS_REGNEWD + + The above three ioctls all do exactly the same thing, which is to cause the driver + to rescan for new devices. This does exactly the same thing as writing to the + hpsa specific host "rescan" attribute. + + CCISS_GETPCIINFO + + Returns PCI domain, bus, device and function and "board ID" (PCI subsystem ID). + + CCISS_GETDRIVVER + + Returns driver version in three bytes encoded as: + (major_version << 16) | (minor_version << 8) | (subminor_version) + + CCISS_PASSTHRU + CCISS_BIG_PASSTHRU + + Allows "BMIC" and "CISS" commands to be passed through to the Smart Array. + These are used extensively by the HP Array Configuration Utility, SNMP storage + agents, etc. See cciss_vol_status at http://cciss.sf.net for some examples. + diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/ibmmca.txt b/Documentation/scsi/ibmmca.txt index 3920f28..45d61ad 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/ibmmca.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/ibmmca.txt @@ -1109,7 +1109,7 @@ Q: Where can I find the latest info about this driver? A: See the file MAINTAINERS for the current WWW-address, which offers updates, info and Q/A lists. At this file's origin, the webaddress - was: http://www.uni-mainz.de/~langm000/linux.html + was: http://www.staff.uni-mainz.de/mlang/linux.html Q: My SCSI-adapter is not recognized by the driver, what can I do? A: Just force it to be recognized by kernel parameters. See section 5.1. If this really happens, do also send e-mail to the maintainer, as diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/ncr53c8xx.txt b/Documentation/scsi/ncr53c8xx.txt index 08e2b4d..cda5f8f 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/ncr53c8xx.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/ncr53c8xx.txt @@ -1479,7 +1479,7 @@ Wide16 SCSI. Enabling serial NVRAM support enables detection of the serial NVRAM included on Symbios and some Symbios compatible host adaptors, and Tekram boards. The serial NVRAM is used by Symbios and Tekram to hold set up parameters for the -host adaptor and it's attached drives. +host adaptor and its attached drives. The Symbios NVRAM also holds data on the boot order of host adaptors in a system with more than one host adaptor. This enables the order of scanning diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/osst.txt b/Documentation/scsi/osst.txt index f536907..ad86c6d 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/osst.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/osst.txt @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ behavior looks very much the same as st to the userspace applications. History ------- -In the first place, osst shared it's identity very much with st. That meant +In the first place, osst shared its identity very much with st. That meant that it used the same kernel structures and the same device node as st. So you could only have either of them being present in the kernel. This has been fixed by registering an own device, now. @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ The driver development is coordinated through a mailing list a CVS repository and some web pages. The tester's pages which contain recent news and updated drivers to download can be found on -http://linux1.onstream.nl/test/ +http://sourceforge.net/projects/osst/ If you find any problems, please have a look at the tester's page in order to see whether the problem is already known and solved. Otherwise, please diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/ppa.txt b/Documentation/scsi/ppa.txt index 067ac39..05ff47d 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/ppa.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/ppa.txt @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ -------- Terse where to get ZIP Drive help info -------- General Iomega ZIP drive page for Linux: -http://www.torque.net/~campbell/ +http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.torque.net/~campbell/ Driver archive for old drivers: -http://www.torque.net/~campbell/ppa/ +http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.torque.net/~campbell/ppa Linux Parport page (parallel port) -http://www.torque.net/parport/ +http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.torque.net/parport/ Email list for Linux Parport linux-parport@torque.net diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/scsi-generic.txt b/Documentation/scsi/scsi-generic.txt index c38e2b3..0a22ab8 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/scsi-generic.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/scsi-generic.txt @@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/SCSI-Generic-HOWTO This describes the sg version 3 driver found in the lk 2.4 series. The LDP renders documents in single and multiple page HTML, postscript and pdf. This document can also be found at: -http://www.torque.net/sg/p/sg_v3_ho.html +http://sg.danny.cz/sg/p/sg_v3_ho.html Documentation for the version 2 sg driver found in the lk 2.2 series can -be found at http://www.torque.net/sg/p/scsi-generic.txt . A larger version -is at: http://www.torque.net/sg/p/scsi-generic_long.txt . +be found at http://sg.danny.cz/sg/. A larger version +is at: http://sg.danny.cz/sg/p/scsi-generic_long.txt. The original documentation for the sg driver (prior to lk 2.2.6) can be found at http://www.torque.net/sg/p/original/SCSI-Programming-HOWTO.txt @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ There are two packages of sg utilities: - sg_utils for the sg version 2 (and original) driver found in lk 2.2 and earlier Both packages will work in the lk 2.4 series however sg3_utils offers more -capabilities. They can be found at: http://www.torque.net/sg and +capabilities. They can be found at: http://sg.danny.cz/sg/sg3_utils.html and freshmeat.net Another approach is to look at the applications that use the sg driver. diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/scsi.txt b/Documentation/scsi/scsi.txt index dd1bbf4..3d99d38 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/scsi.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/scsi.txt @@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ The Linux Documentation Project (LDP) maintains a document describing the SCSI subsystem in the Linux kernel (lk) 2.4 series. See: http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/SCSI-2.4-HOWTO . The LDP has single and multiple page HTML renderings as well as postscript and pdf. -It can also be found at http://www.torque.net/scsi/SCSI-2.4-HOWTO . - +It can also be found at: +http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.torque.net/scsi/SCSI-2.4-HOWTO Notes on using modules in the SCSI subsystem ============================================ diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/scsi_fc_transport.txt b/Documentation/scsi/scsi_fc_transport.txt index aec6549..e00192d 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/scsi_fc_transport.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/scsi_fc_transport.txt @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Overview: up to an administrative entity controlling the vport. For example, if vports are to be associated with virtual machines, a XEN mgmt utility would be responsible for creating wwpn/wwnn's for the vport, - using it's own naming authority and OUI. (Note: it already does this + using its own naming authority and OUI. (Note: it already does this for virtual MAC addresses). @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Device Trees and Vport Objects: with rports and scsi target objects underneath it. Currently the FC transport creates the vport object and places it under the scsi_host object corresponding to the physical adapter. The LLDD will allocate - a new scsi_host for the vport and link it's object under the vport. + a new scsi_host for the vport and link its object under the vport. The remainder of the tree under the vports scsi_host is the same as the non-NPIV case. The transport is written currently to easily allow the parent of the vport to be something other than the scsi_host. diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/scsi_mid_low_api.txt b/Documentation/scsi/scsi_mid_low_api.txt index de67229..570ef2b 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/scsi_mid_low_api.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/scsi_mid_low_api.txt @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ There is a SCSI documentation directory within the kernel source tree, typically Documentation/scsi . Most documents are in plain (i.e. ASCII) text. This file is named scsi_mid_low_api.txt and can be found in that directory. A more recent copy of this document may be found -at http://www.torque.net/scsi/scsi_mid_low_api.txt.gz . +at http://web.archive.org/web/20070107183357rn_1/sg.torque.net/scsi/. Many LLDs are documented there (e.g. aic7xxx.txt). The SCSI mid-level is briefly described in scsi.txt which contains a url to a document describing the SCSI subsystem in the lk 2.4 series. Two upper level diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/sym53c8xx_2.txt b/Documentation/scsi/sym53c8xx_2.txt index eb9a7b9..6f63b79 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/sym53c8xx_2.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/sym53c8xx_2.txt @@ -687,7 +687,7 @@ maintain the driver code. Enabling serial NVRAM support enables detection of the serial NVRAM included on Symbios and some Symbios compatible host adaptors, and Tekram boards. The serial NVRAM is used by Symbios and Tekram to hold set up parameters for the -host adaptor and it's attached drives. +host adaptor and its attached drives. The Symbios NVRAM also holds data on the boot order of host adaptors in a system with more than one host adaptor. This information is no longer used diff --git a/Documentation/serial/moxa-smartio b/Documentation/serial/moxa-smartio index 5337e80..d104439 100644 --- a/Documentation/serial/moxa-smartio +++ b/Documentation/serial/moxa-smartio @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Content GNU General Public License in this version. Please refer to GNU General Public License announcement in each source code file for more detail. - In Moxa's Web sites, you may always find latest driver at http://web.moxa.com. + In Moxa's Web sites, you may always find latest driver at http://www.moxa.com/. This version of driver can be installed as Loadable Module (Module driver) or built-in into kernel (Static driver). You may refer to following diff --git a/Documentation/slow-work.txt b/Documentation/slow-work.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 9dbf4470c..0000000 --- a/Documentation/slow-work.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,322 +0,0 @@ - ==================================== - SLOW WORK ITEM EXECUTION THREAD POOL - ==================================== - -By: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> - -The slow work item execution thread pool is a pool of threads for performing -things that take a relatively long time, such as making mkdir calls. -Typically, when processing something, these items will spend a lot of time -blocking a thread on I/O, thus making that thread unavailable for doing other -work. - -The standard workqueue model is unsuitable for this class of work item as that -limits the owner to a single thread or a single thread per CPU. For some -tasks, however, more threads - or fewer - are required. - -There is just one pool per system. It contains no threads unless something -wants to use it - and that something must register its interest first. When -the pool is active, the number of threads it contains is dynamic, varying -between a maximum and minimum setting, depending on the load. - - -==================== -CLASSES OF WORK ITEM -==================== - -This pool support two classes of work items: - - (*) Slow work items. - - (*) Very slow work items. - -The former are expected to finish much quicker than the latter. - -An operation of the very slow class may do a batch combination of several -lookups, mkdirs, and a create for instance. - -An operation of the ordinarily slow class may, for example, write stuff or -expand files, provided the time taken to do so isn't too long. - -Operations of both types may sleep during execution, thus tying up the thread -loaned to it. - -A further class of work item is available, based on the slow work item class: - - (*) Delayed slow work items. - -These are slow work items that have a timer to defer queueing of the item for -a while. - - -THREAD-TO-CLASS ALLOCATION --------------------------- - -Not all the threads in the pool are available to work on very slow work items. -The number will be between one and one fewer than the number of active threads. -This is configurable (see the "Pool Configuration" section). - -All the threads are available to work on ordinarily slow work items, but a -percentage of the threads will prefer to work on very slow work items. - -The configuration ensures that at least one thread will be available to work on -very slow work items, and at least one thread will be available that won't work -on very slow work items at all. - - -===================== -USING SLOW WORK ITEMS -===================== - -Firstly, a module or subsystem wanting to make use of slow work items must -register its interest: - - int ret = slow_work_register_user(struct module *module); - -This will return 0 if successful, or a -ve error upon failure. The module -pointer should be the module interested in using this facility (almost -certainly THIS_MODULE). - - -Slow work items may then be set up by: - - (1) Declaring a slow_work struct type variable: - - #include <linux/slow-work.h> - - struct slow_work myitem; - - (2) Declaring the operations to be used for this item: - - struct slow_work_ops myitem_ops = { - .get_ref = myitem_get_ref, - .put_ref = myitem_put_ref, - .execute = myitem_execute, - }; - - [*] For a description of the ops, see section "Item Operations". - - (3) Initialising the item: - - slow_work_init(&myitem, &myitem_ops); - - or: - - delayed_slow_work_init(&myitem, &myitem_ops); - - or: - - vslow_work_init(&myitem, &myitem_ops); - - depending on its class. - -A suitably set up work item can then be enqueued for processing: - - int ret = slow_work_enqueue(&myitem); - -This will return a -ve error if the thread pool is unable to gain a reference -on the item, 0 otherwise, or (for delayed work): - - int ret = delayed_slow_work_enqueue(&myitem, my_jiffy_delay); - - -The items are reference counted, so there ought to be no need for a flush -operation. But as the reference counting is optional, means to cancel -existing work items are also included: - - cancel_slow_work(&myitem); - cancel_delayed_slow_work(&myitem); - -can be used to cancel pending work. The above cancel function waits for -existing work to have been executed (or prevent execution of them, depending -on timing). - - -When all a module's slow work items have been processed, and the -module has no further interest in the facility, it should unregister its -interest: - - slow_work_unregister_user(struct module *module); - -The module pointer is used to wait for all outstanding work items for that -module before completing the unregistration. This prevents the put_ref() code -from being taken away before it completes. module should almost certainly be -THIS_MODULE. - - -================ -HELPER FUNCTIONS -================ - -The slow-work facility provides a function by which it can be determined -whether or not an item is queued for later execution: - - bool queued = slow_work_is_queued(struct slow_work *work); - -If it returns false, then the item is not on the queue (it may be executing -with a requeue pending). This can be used to work out whether an item on which -another depends is on the queue, thus allowing a dependent item to be queued -after it. - -If the above shows an item on which another depends not to be queued, then the -owner of the dependent item might need to wait. However, to avoid locking up -the threads unnecessarily be sleeping in them, it can make sense under some -circumstances to return the work item to the queue, thus deferring it until -some other items have had a chance to make use of the yielded thread. - -To yield a thread and defer an item, the work function should simply enqueue -the work item again and return. However, this doesn't work if there's nothing -actually on the queue, as the thread just vacated will jump straight back into -the item's work function, thus busy waiting on a CPU. - -Instead, the item should use the thread to wait for the dependency to go away, -but rather than using schedule() or schedule_timeout() to sleep, it should use -the following function: - - bool requeue = slow_work_sleep_till_thread_needed( - struct slow_work *work, - signed long *_timeout); - -This will add a second wait and then sleep, such that it will be woken up if -either something appears on the queue that could usefully make use of the -thread - and behind which this item can be queued, or if the event the caller -set up to wait for happens. True will be returned if something else appeared -on the queue and this work function should perhaps return, of false if -something else woke it up. The timeout is as for schedule_timeout(). - -For example: - - wq = bit_waitqueue(&my_flags, MY_BIT); - init_wait(&wait); - requeue = false; - do { - prepare_to_wait(wq, &wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE); - if (!test_bit(MY_BIT, &my_flags)) - break; - requeue = slow_work_sleep_till_thread_needed(&my_work, - &timeout); - } while (timeout > 0 && !requeue); - finish_wait(wq, &wait); - if (!test_bit(MY_BIT, &my_flags) - goto do_my_thing; - if (requeue) - return; // to slow_work - - -=============== -ITEM OPERATIONS -=============== - -Each work item requires a table of operations of type struct slow_work_ops. -Only ->execute() is required; the getting and putting of a reference and the -describing of an item are all optional. - - (*) Get a reference on an item: - - int (*get_ref)(struct slow_work *work); - - This allows the thread pool to attempt to pin an item by getting a - reference on it. This function should return 0 if the reference was - granted, or a -ve error otherwise. If an error is returned, - slow_work_enqueue() will fail. - - The reference is held whilst the item is queued and whilst it is being - executed. The item may then be requeued with the same reference held, or - the reference will be released. - - (*) Release a reference on an item: - - void (*put_ref)(struct slow_work *work); - - This allows the thread pool to unpin an item by releasing the reference on - it. The thread pool will not touch the item again once this has been - called. - - (*) Execute an item: - - void (*execute)(struct slow_work *work); - - This should perform the work required of the item. It may sleep, it may - perform disk I/O and it may wait for locks. - - (*) View an item through /proc: - - void (*desc)(struct slow_work *work, struct seq_file *m); - - If supplied, this should print to 'm' a small string describing the work - the item is to do. This should be no more than about 40 characters, and - shouldn't include a newline character. - - See the 'Viewing executing and queued items' section below. - - -================== -POOL CONFIGURATION -================== - -The slow-work thread pool has a number of configurables: - - (*) /proc/sys/kernel/slow-work/min-threads - - The minimum number of threads that should be in the pool whilst it is in - use. This may be anywhere between 2 and max-threads. - - (*) /proc/sys/kernel/slow-work/max-threads - - The maximum number of threads that should in the pool. This may be - anywhere between min-threads and 255 or NR_CPUS * 2, whichever is greater. - - (*) /proc/sys/kernel/slow-work/vslow-percentage - - The percentage of active threads in the pool that may be used to execute - very slow work items. This may be between 1 and 99. The resultant number - is bounded to between 1 and one fewer than the number of active threads. - This ensures there is always at least one thread that can process very - slow work items, and always at least one thread that won't. - - -================================== -VIEWING EXECUTING AND QUEUED ITEMS -================================== - -If CONFIG_SLOW_WORK_DEBUG is enabled, a debugfs file is made available: - - /sys/kernel/debug/slow_work/runqueue - -through which the list of work items being executed and the queues of items to -be executed may be viewed. The owner of a work item is given the chance to -add some information of its own. - -The contents look something like the following: - - THR PID ITEM ADDR FL MARK DESC - === ===== ================ == ===== ========== - 0 3005 ffff880023f52348 a 952ms FSC: OBJ17d3: LOOK - 1 3006 ffff880024e33668 2 160ms FSC: OBJ17e5 OP60d3b: Write1/Store fl=2 - 2 3165 ffff8800296dd180 a 424ms FSC: OBJ17e4: LOOK - 3 4089 ffff8800262c8d78 a 212ms FSC: OBJ17ea: CRTN - 4 4090 ffff88002792bed8 2 388ms FSC: OBJ17e8 OP60d36: Write1/Store fl=2 - 5 4092 ffff88002a0ef308 2 388ms FSC: OBJ17e7 OP60d2e: Write1/Store fl=2 - 6 4094 ffff88002abaf4b8 2 132ms FSC: OBJ17e2 OP60d4e: Write1/Store fl=2 - 7 4095 ffff88002bb188e0 a 388ms FSC: OBJ17e9: CRTN - vsq - ffff880023d99668 1 308ms FSC: OBJ17e0 OP60f91: Write1/EnQ fl=2 - vsq - ffff8800295d1740 1 212ms FSC: OBJ16be OP4d4b6: Write1/EnQ fl=2 - vsq - ffff880025ba3308 1 160ms FSC: OBJ179a OP58dec: Write1/EnQ fl=2 - vsq - ffff880024ec83e0 1 160ms FSC: OBJ17ae OP599f2: Write1/EnQ fl=2 - vsq - ffff880026618e00 1 160ms FSC: OBJ17e6 OP60d33: Write1/EnQ fl=2 - vsq - ffff880025a2a4b8 1 132ms FSC: OBJ16a2 OP4d583: Write1/EnQ fl=2 - vsq - ffff880023cbe6d8 9 212ms FSC: OBJ17eb: LOOK - vsq - ffff880024d37590 9 212ms FSC: OBJ17ec: LOOK - vsq - ffff880027746cb0 9 212ms FSC: OBJ17ed: LOOK - vsq - ffff880024d37ae8 9 212ms FSC: OBJ17ee: LOOK - vsq - ffff880024d37cb0 9 212ms FSC: OBJ17ef: LOOK - vsq - ffff880025036550 9 212ms FSC: OBJ17f0: LOOK - vsq - ffff8800250368e0 9 212ms FSC: OBJ17f1: LOOK - vsq - ffff880025036aa8 9 212ms FSC: OBJ17f2: LOOK - -In the 'THR' column, executing items show the thread they're occupying and -queued threads indicate which queue they're on. 'PID' shows the process ID of -a slow-work thread that's executing something. 'FL' shows the work item flags. -'MARK' indicates how long since an item was queued or began executing. Lastly, -the 'DESC' column permits the owner of an item to give some information. - diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt index bfcbbf8..7f4dceb 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt @@ -227,6 +227,16 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. The power-management is supported. + Module snd-asihpi + ----------------- + + Module for AudioScience ASI soundcards + + enable_hpi_hwdep - enable HPI hwdep for AudioScience soundcard + + This module supports multiple cards. + The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel. + Module snd-atiixp ----------------- @@ -622,28 +632,23 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. The power-management is supported. - Module snd-es968 - ---------------- - - Module for sound cards based on ESS ES968 chip (PnP only). - - This module supports multiple cards, PnP and autoprobe. - - The power-management is supported. - Module snd-es1688 ----------------- Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-1688 and ES-688 sound cards. - port - port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x240,0x260) - fm_port - port # for OPL3 (option; share the same port as default) + isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default) mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default) - irq - IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10) mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10) + fm_port - port # for OPL3 (option; share the same port as default) + + with isapnp=0, the following additional options are available: + port - port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x240,0x260) + irq - IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10) dma8 - DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3) - This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port). + This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port) + and PnP with the ES968 chip. Module snd-es18xx ----------------- @@ -1280,7 +1285,7 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. about this driver. Note that it has been discontinued, but the Voyetra Turtle Beach knowledge base entry for it is still available at - http://www.turtlebeach.com/site/kb_ftp/790.asp + http://www.turtlebeach.com Module snd-msnd-pinnacle ------------------------ diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio-Models.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio-Models.txt index 1d38b0d..03771d7 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio-Models.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio-Models.txt @@ -114,6 +114,11 @@ ALC662/663/272 samsung-nc10 Samsung NC10 mini notebook auto auto-config reading BIOS (default) +ALC680 +====== + base Base model (ASUS NX90) + auto auto-config reading BIOS (default) + ALC882/883/885/888/889 ====================== 3stack-dig 3-jack with SPDIF I/O @@ -282,6 +287,7 @@ Conexant 5051 hp HP Spartan laptop hp-dv6736 HP dv6736 hp-f700 HP Compaq Presario F700 + ideapad Lenovo IdeaPad laptop lenovo-x200 Lenovo X200 laptop toshiba Toshiba Satellite M300 diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt index 98d14cb..278cc21 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt @@ -204,7 +204,6 @@ generic parser regardless of the codec. Usually the codec-specific parser is much better than the generic parser (as now). Thus this option is more about the debugging purpose. - Speaker and Headphone Output ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ One of the most frequent (and obvious) bugs with HD-audio is the @@ -563,7 +562,7 @@ compare the codec registers directly. Send a bug report either the followings: kernel-bugzilla:: - http://bugme.linux-foundation.org/ + https://bugzilla.kernel.org/ alsa-devel ML:: alsa-devel@alsa-project.org @@ -600,6 +599,9 @@ probing, the proc file is available, so you can get the raw codec information before modified by the driver. Of course, the driver isn't usable with `probe_only=1`. But you can continue the configuration via hwdep sysfs file if hda-reconfig option is enabled. +Using `probe_only` mask 2 skips the reset of HDA codecs (use +`probe_only=3` as module option). The hwdep interface can be used +to determine the BIOS codec initialization. hda-verb diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/Procfile.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/Procfile.txt index 07301de..7fcd1ad 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/Procfile.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/Procfile.txt @@ -103,6 +103,8 @@ card*/pcm*/xrun_debug bit 2 = Enable additional jiffies check bit 3 = Log hwptr update at each period interrupt bit 4 = Log hwptr update at each snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr() + bit 5 = Show last 10 positions on error + bit 6 = Do above only once When the bit 0 is set, the driver will show the messages to kernel log when an xrun is detected. The debug message is @@ -122,6 +124,12 @@ card*/pcm*/xrun_debug Bits 3 and 4 are for logging the hwptr records. Note that these will give flood of kernel messages. + When bit 5 is set, the driver logs the last 10 xrun errors and + the proc file shows each jiffies, position, period_size, + buffer_size, old_hw_ptr, and hw_ptr_base values. + + When bit 6 is set, the full xrun log is shown only once. + card*/pcm*/sub*/info The general information of this PCM sub-stream. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/alsa-parameters.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/alsa-parameters.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0fa4067 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/alsa-parameters.txt @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ + ALSA Kernel Parameters + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +See Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt for general information on +specifying module parameters. + +This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command +"modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable +module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also +reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these +parameters may be changed at runtime by the command +"echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}". + + + snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-als100= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-es968= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-hdsp= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-interwave-stb= + [HW,ALSA] + + snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-opti92x-ad1848= + [HW,ALSA] + + snd-opti92x-cs4231= + [HW,ALSA] + + snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-pmac= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-sb8= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-sb16= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-serial= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-sun-amd7930= + [HW,ALSA] + + snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-trident= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB] + + snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA] + + snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA] diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/DAI.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/DAI.txt index 0ebd7ea..c967926 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/DAI.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/DAI.txt @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ frame (FRAME) (usually 48kHz) is always driven by the controller. Each AC97 frame is 21uS long and is divided into 13 time slots. The AC97 specification can be found at :- -http://www.intel.com/design/chipsets/audio/ac97_r23.pdf +http://www.intel.com/p/en_US/business/design I2S diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/codec.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/codec.txt index 1e95342..37ba3a7 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/codec.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/codec.txt @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ struct snd_soc_ops { }; Please refer to the ALSA driver PCM documentation for details. -http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/c436.htm +http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/ 5 - DAPM description. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/dapm.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/dapm.txt index 9ac842b..05bf5a0 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/dapm.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/dapm.txt @@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ The WM8731 output mixer has 3 inputs (sources) 3. Mic Sidetone Input Each input in this example has a kcontrol associated with it (defined in example -above) and is connected to the output mixer via it's kcontrol name. We can now -connect the destination widget (wrt audio signal) with it's source widgets. +above) and is connected to the output mixer via its kcontrol name. We can now +connect the destination widget (wrt audio signal) with its source widgets. /* output mixer */ {"Output Mixer", "Line Bypass Switch", "Line Input"}, diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/machine.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/machine.txt index bab7711..2524c75 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/machine.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/machine.txt @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ static struct snd_soc_dai_link corgi_dai = { .ops = &corgi_ops, }; -struct snd_soc_card then sets up the machine with it's DAIs. e.g. +struct snd_soc_card then sets up the machine with its DAIs. e.g. /* corgi audio machine driver */ static struct snd_soc_card snd_soc_corgi = { diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/overview.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/overview.txt index 1e4c6d3..138ac88 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/overview.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/overview.txt @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ features :- and machines. * Easy I2S/PCM audio interface setup between codec and SoC. Each SoC - interface and codec registers it's audio interface capabilities with the + interface and codec registers its audio interface capabilities with the core and are subsequently matched and configured when the application hardware parameters are known. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/platform.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/platform.txt index b681d17..06d8359 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/platform.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/platform.txt @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ struct snd_soc_platform { }; Please refer to the ALSA driver documentation for details of audio DMA. -http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/c436.htm +http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/ An example DMA driver is soc/pxa/pxa2xx-pcm.c diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/README.OSS b/Documentation/sound/oss/README.OSS index fd42b05..c615deb 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/README.OSS +++ b/Documentation/sound/oss/README.OSS @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ with OSS API. Packages "snd-util-3.8.tar.gz" and "snd-data-0.1.tar.Z" contain useful utilities to be used with this driver. -See http://www.opensound.com/ossfree/getting.html for +See http://www.opensound.com/ossfree/ for download instructions. If you are looking for the installation instructions, please @@ -1438,7 +1438,7 @@ of this driver (see http://www.4Front-tech.com/oss.html for more info). There are some common audio chipsets that are not supported yet. For example Sierra Aria and IBM Mwave. It's possible that these architectures get some support in future but I can't make any promises. Just look -at the home page (http://www.opensound.com/ossfree/new_cards.html) +at the home page (http://www.opensound.com/ossfree/) for latest info. Information about unsupported sound cards and chipsets is welcome as well @@ -1449,7 +1449,6 @@ If you have any corrections and/or comments, please contact me. Hannu Savolainen hannu@opensound.com -Personal home page: http://www.compusonic.fi/~hannu home page of OSS/Free: http://www.opensound.com/ossfree home page of commercial OSS diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/oss-parameters.txt b/Documentation/sound/oss/oss-parameters.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ab391e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/oss/oss-parameters.txt @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ + OSS Kernel Parameters + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +See Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt for general information on +specifying module parameters. + +This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command +"modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable +module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also +reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these +parameters may be changed at runtime by the command +"echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}". + + + ad1848= [HW,OSS] + Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type> + + aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16 + Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq> + See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c. + + dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers + + mpu401= [HW,OSS] + Format: <io>,<irq> + + opl3= [HW,OSS] + Format: <io> + + pas2= [HW,OSS] Format: + <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16> + + pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614) + Format: + <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq> + + sscape= [HW,OSS] + Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq> + + trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro + Format: + <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq> + + uart401= [HW,OSS] + Format: <io>,<irq> + + uart6850= [HW,OSS] + Format: <io>,<irq> + + waveartist= [HW,OSS] + Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2> diff --git a/Documentation/sparse.txt b/Documentation/sparse.txt index 34c76a5..4909d41 100644 --- a/Documentation/sparse.txt +++ b/Documentation/sparse.txt @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ Copyright 2004 Linus Torvalds -Copyright 2004 Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz> +Copyright 2004 Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> Copyright 2006 Bob Copeland <me@bobcopeland.com> Using sparse for typechecking @@ -54,12 +54,12 @@ Getting sparse ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can get latest released versions from the Sparse homepage at -http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/josh/sparse/ +https://sparse.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page Alternatively, you can get snapshots of the latest development version of sparse using git to clone.. - git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/josh/sparse.git + git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/devel/sparse/sparse.git DaveJ has hourly generated tarballs of the git tree available at.. diff --git a/Documentation/spi/ep93xx_spi b/Documentation/spi/ep93xx_spi new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6325f5b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/spi/ep93xx_spi @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +Cirrus EP93xx SPI controller driver HOWTO +========================================= + +ep93xx_spi driver brings SPI master support for EP93xx SPI controller. Chip +selects are implemented with GPIO lines. + +NOTE: If possible, don't use SFRMOUT (SFRM1) signal as a chip select. It will +not work correctly (it cannot be controlled by software). Use GPIO lines +instead. + +Sample configuration +==================== + +Typically driver configuration is done in platform board files (the files under +arch/arm/mach-ep93xx/*.c). In this example we configure MMC over SPI through +this driver on TS-7260 board. You can adapt the code to suit your needs. + +This example uses EGPIO9 as SD/MMC card chip select (this is wired in DIO1 +header on the board). + +You need to select CONFIG_MMC_SPI to use mmc_spi driver. + +arch/arm/mach-ep93xx/ts72xx.c: + +... +#include <linux/gpio.h> +#include <linux/spi/spi.h> + +#include <mach/ep93xx_spi.h> + +/* this is our GPIO line used for chip select */ +#define MMC_CHIP_SELECT_GPIO EP93XX_GPIO_LINE_EGPIO9 + +static int ts72xx_mmc_spi_setup(struct spi_device *spi) +{ + int err; + + err = gpio_request(MMC_CHIP_SELECT_GPIO, spi->modalias); + if (err) + return err; + + gpio_direction_output(MMC_CHIP_SELECT_GPIO, 1); + + return 0; +} + +static void ts72xx_mmc_spi_cleanup(struct spi_device *spi) +{ + gpio_set_value(MMC_CHIP_SELECT_GPIO, 1); + gpio_direction_input(MMC_CHIP_SELECT_GPIO); + gpio_free(MMC_CHIP_SELECT_GPIO); +} + +static void ts72xx_mmc_spi_cs_control(struct spi_device *spi, int value) +{ + gpio_set_value(MMC_CHIP_SELECT_GPIO, value); +} + +static struct ep93xx_spi_chip_ops ts72xx_mmc_spi_ops = { + .setup = ts72xx_mmc_spi_setup, + .cleanup = ts72xx_mmc_spi_cleanup, + .cs_control = ts72xx_mmc_spi_cs_control, +}; + +static struct spi_board_info ts72xx_spi_devices[] __initdata = { + { + .modalias = "mmc_spi", + .controller_data = &ts72xx_mmc_spi_ops, + /* + * We use 10 MHz even though the maximum is 7.4 MHz. The driver + * will limit it automatically to max. frequency. + */ + .max_speed_hz = 10 * 1000 * 1000, + .bus_num = 0, + .chip_select = 0, + .mode = SPI_MODE_0, + }, +}; + +static struct ep93xx_spi_info ts72xx_spi_info = { + .num_chipselect = ARRAY_SIZE(ts72xx_spi_devices), +}; + +static void __init ts72xx_init_machine(void) +{ + ... + ep93xx_register_spi(&ts72xx_spi_info, ts72xx_spi_devices, + ARRAY_SIZE(ts72xx_spi_devices)); +} + +Thanks to +========= +Martin Guy, H. Hartley Sweeten and others who helped me during development of +the driver. Simplemachines.it donated me a Sim.One board which I used testing +the driver on EP9307. diff --git a/Documentation/spi/spidev_fdx.c b/Documentation/spi/spidev_fdx.c index fc354f7..36ec077 100644 --- a/Documentation/spi/spidev_fdx.c +++ b/Documentation/spi/spidev_fdx.c @@ -58,10 +58,10 @@ static void do_msg(int fd, int len) len = sizeof buf; buf[0] = 0xaa; - xfer[0].tx_buf = (__u64) buf; + xfer[0].tx_buf = (unsigned long)buf; xfer[0].len = 1; - xfer[1].rx_buf = (__u64) buf; + xfer[1].rx_buf = (unsigned long) buf; xfer[1].len = len; status = ioctl(fd, SPI_IOC_MESSAGE(2), xfer); diff --git a/Documentation/sysctl/net.txt b/Documentation/sysctl/net.txt index df38ef0..cbd05ff 100644 --- a/Documentation/sysctl/net.txt +++ b/Documentation/sysctl/net.txt @@ -84,6 +84,16 @@ netdev_max_backlog Maximum number of packets, queued on the INPUT side, when the interface receives packets faster than kernel can process them. +netdev_tstamp_prequeue +---------------------- + +If set to 0, RX packet timestamps can be sampled after RPS processing, when +the target CPU processes packets. It might give some delay on timestamps, but +permit to distribute the load on several cpus. + +If set to 1 (default), timestamps are sampled as soon as possible, before +queueing. + optmem_max ---------- diff --git a/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt b/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt index 6c7d18c..b606c2c 100644 --- a/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt +++ b/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt @@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ files can be found in mm/swap.c. Currently, these files are in /proc/sys/vm: - block_dump +- compact_memory - dirty_background_bytes - dirty_background_ratio - dirty_bytes @@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ Currently, these files are in /proc/sys/vm: - dirty_ratio - dirty_writeback_centisecs - drop_caches +- extfrag_threshold - hugepages_treat_as_movable - hugetlb_shm_group - laptop_mode @@ -64,6 +66,15 @@ information on block I/O debugging is in Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt. ============================================================== +compact_memory + +Available only when CONFIG_COMPACTION is set. When 1 is written to the file, +all zones are compacted such that free memory is available in contiguous +blocks where possible. This can be important for example in the allocation of +huge pages although processes will also directly compact memory as required. + +============================================================== + dirty_background_bytes Contains the amount of dirty memory at which the pdflush background writeback @@ -139,6 +150,20 @@ user should run `sync' first. ============================================================== +extfrag_threshold + +This parameter affects whether the kernel will compact memory or direct +reclaim to satisfy a high-order allocation. /proc/extfrag_index shows what +the fragmentation index for each order is in each zone in the system. Values +tending towards 0 imply allocations would fail due to lack of memory, +values towards 1000 imply failures are due to fragmentation and -1 implies +that the allocation will succeed as long as watermarks are met. + +The kernel will not compact memory in a zone if the +fragmentation index is <= extfrag_threshold. The default value is 500. + +============================================================== + hugepages_treat_as_movable This parameter is only useful when kernelcore= is specified at boot time to @@ -171,7 +196,7 @@ controlled by this knob are discussed in Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt. legacy_va_layout -If non-zero, this sysctl disables the new 32-bit mmap mmap layout - the kernel +If non-zero, this sysctl disables the new 32-bit mmap layout - the kernel will use the legacy (2.4) layout for all processes. ============================================================== @@ -486,7 +511,7 @@ information may not be desired. If this is set to non-zero, this information is shown whenever the OOM killer actually kills a memory-hogging task. -The default value is 0. +The default value is 1 (enabled). ============================================================== diff --git a/Documentation/sysfs-rules.txt b/Documentation/sysfs-rules.txt index 5d8bc2c..c1a1fd6 100644 --- a/Documentation/sysfs-rules.txt +++ b/Documentation/sysfs-rules.txt @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ versions of the sysfs interface. - Block The converted block subsystem at /sys/class/block or /sys/subsystem/block will contain the links for disks and partitions - at the same level, never in a hierarchy. Assuming the block subsytem to + at the same level, never in a hierarchy. Assuming the block subsystem to contain only disks and not partition devices in the same flat list is a bug in the application. diff --git a/Documentation/sysrq.txt b/Documentation/sysrq.txt index d56a017..5c17196 100644 --- a/Documentation/sysrq.txt +++ b/Documentation/sysrq.txt @@ -177,13 +177,13 @@ virtual console (ALT+Fn) and then back again should also help. * I hit SysRq, but nothing seems to happen, what's wrong? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -There are some keyboards that send different scancodes for SysRq than the -pre-defined 0x54. So if SysRq doesn't work out of the box for a certain -keyboard, run 'showkey -s' to find out the proper scancode sequence. Then -use 'setkeycodes <sequence> 84' to define this sequence to the usual SysRq -code (84 is decimal for 0x54). It's probably best to put this command in a -boot script. Oh, and by the way, you exit 'showkey' by not typing anything -for ten seconds. +There are some keyboards that produce a different keycode for SysRq than the +pre-defined value of 99 (see KEY_SYSRQ in include/linux/input.h), or which +don't have a SysRq key at all. In these cases, run 'showkey -s' to find an +appropriate scancode sequence, and use 'setkeycodes <sequence> 99' to map +this sequence to the usual SysRq code (e.g., 'setkeycodes e05b 99'). It's +probably best to put this command in a boot script. Oh, and by the way, you +exit 'showkey' by not typing anything for ten seconds. * I want to add SysRQ key events to a module, how does it work? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ diff --git a/Documentation/telephony/ixj.txt b/Documentation/telephony/ixj.txt index 44d12400..4fb314d 100644 --- a/Documentation/telephony/ixj.txt +++ b/Documentation/telephony/ixj.txt @@ -108,14 +108,9 @@ applications. 1.4 Where to get things -You can download the latest versions of the driver from: - -http://www.quicknet.net/develop.htm - -You can download the latest version of this document from: - -http://www.quicknet.net/develop.htm +Info on latest versions of the driver are here: +http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.quicknet.net/develop.htm 1.5 Mailing List diff --git a/Documentation/timers/Makefile b/Documentation/timers/Makefile index c85625f..73f75f8 100644 --- a/Documentation/timers/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/timers/Makefile @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ obj- := dummy.o # List of programs to build -hostprogs-y := hpet_example +hostprogs-$(CONFIG_X86) := hpet_example # Tell kbuild to always build the programs always := $(hostprogs-y) diff --git a/Documentation/timers/hpet_example.c b/Documentation/timers/hpet_example.c index f9ce2d9..4bfafb7 100644 --- a/Documentation/timers/hpet_example.c +++ b/Documentation/timers/hpet_example.c @@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <signal.h> -#include <fcntl.h> #include <errno.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <linux/hpet.h> @@ -24,7 +23,6 @@ extern void hpet_read(int, const char **); #include <sys/poll.h> #include <sys/ioctl.h> -#include <signal.h> struct hpet_command { char *command; diff --git a/Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt b/Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c9ef29d --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +delays - Information on the various kernel delay / sleep mechanisms +------------------------------------------------------------------- + +This document seeks to answer the common question: "What is the +RightWay (TM) to insert a delay?" + +This question is most often faced by driver writers who have to +deal with hardware delays and who may not be the most intimately +familiar with the inner workings of the Linux Kernel. + + +Inserting Delays +---------------- + +The first, and most important, question you need to ask is "Is my +code in an atomic context?" This should be followed closely by "Does +it really need to delay in atomic context?" If so... + +ATOMIC CONTEXT: + You must use the *delay family of functions. These + functions use the jiffie estimation of clock speed + and will busy wait for enough loop cycles to achieve + the desired delay: + + ndelay(unsigned long nsecs) + udelay(unsigned long usecs) + mdelay(unsgined long msecs) + + udelay is the generally preferred API; ndelay-level + precision may not actually exist on many non-PC devices. + + mdelay is macro wrapper around udelay, to account for + possible overflow when passing large arguments to udelay. + In general, use of mdelay is discouraged and code should + be refactored to allow for the use of msleep. + +NON-ATOMIC CONTEXT: + You should use the *sleep[_range] family of functions. + There are a few more options here, while any of them may + work correctly, using the "right" sleep function will + help the scheduler, power management, and just make your + driver better :) + + -- Backed by busy-wait loop: + udelay(unsigned long usecs) + -- Backed by hrtimers: + usleep_range(unsigned long min, unsigned long max) + -- Backed by jiffies / legacy_timers + msleep(unsigned long msecs) + msleep_interruptible(unsigned long msecs) + + Unlike the *delay family, the underlying mechanism + driving each of these calls varies, thus there are + quirks you should be aware of. + + + SLEEPING FOR "A FEW" USECS ( < ~10us? ): + * Use udelay + + - Why not usleep? + On slower systems, (embedded, OR perhaps a speed- + stepped PC!) the overhead of setting up the hrtimers + for usleep *may* not be worth it. Such an evaluation + will obviously depend on your specific situation, but + it is something to be aware of. + + SLEEPING FOR ~USECS OR SMALL MSECS ( 10us - 20ms): + * Use usleep_range + + - Why not msleep for (1ms - 20ms)? + Explained originally here: + http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/8/3/250 + msleep(1~20) may not do what the caller intends, and + will often sleep longer (~20 ms actual sleep for any + value given in the 1~20ms range). In many cases this + is not the desired behavior. + + - Why is there no "usleep" / What is a good range? + Since usleep_range is built on top of hrtimers, the + wakeup will be very precise (ish), thus a simple + usleep function would likely introduce a large number + of undesired interrupts. + + With the introduction of a range, the scheduler is + free to coalesce your wakeup with any other wakeup + that may have happened for other reasons, or at the + worst case, fire an interrupt for your upper bound. + + The larger a range you supply, the greater a chance + that you will not trigger an interrupt; this should + be balanced with what is an acceptable upper bound on + delay / performance for your specific code path. Exact + tolerances here are very situation specific, thus it + is left to the caller to determine a reasonable range. + + SLEEPING FOR LARGER MSECS ( 10ms+ ) + * Use msleep or possibly msleep_interruptible + + - What's the difference? + msleep sets the current task to TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE + whereas msleep_interruptible sets the current task to + TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE before scheduling the sleep. In + short, the difference is whether the sleep can be ended + early by a signal. In general, just use msleep unless + you know you have a need for the interruptible variant. diff --git a/Documentation/tomoyo.txt b/Documentation/tomoyo.txt index b3a232c..200a2d3 100644 --- a/Documentation/tomoyo.txt +++ b/Documentation/tomoyo.txt @@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ TOMOYO is a name-based MAC extension (LSM module) for the Linux kernel. LiveCD-based tutorials are available at -http://tomoyo.sourceforge.jp/en/1.6.x/1st-step/ubuntu8.04-live/ -http://tomoyo.sourceforge.jp/en/1.6.x/1st-step/centos5-live/ . +http://tomoyo.sourceforge.jp/1.7/1st-step/ubuntu10.04-live/ +http://tomoyo.sourceforge.jp/1.7/1st-step/centos5-live/ . Though these tutorials use non-LSM version of TOMOYO, they are useful for you to know what TOMOYO is. @@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ to know what TOMOYO is. Build the kernel with CONFIG_SECURITY_TOMOYO=y and pass "security=tomoyo" on kernel's command line. -Please see http://tomoyo.sourceforge.jp/en/2.2.x/ for details. +Please see http://tomoyo.sourceforge.jp/2.3/ for details. --- Where is documentation? --- User <-> Kernel interface documentation is available at -http://tomoyo.sourceforge.jp/en/2.2.x/policy-reference.html . +http://tomoyo.sourceforge.jp/2.3/policy-reference.html . Materials we prepared for seminars and symposiums are available at http://sourceforge.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/?category_id=532&language_id=1 . @@ -50,6 +50,6 @@ multiple LSM modules at the same time. We feel sorry that you have to give up SELinux/SMACK/AppArmor etc. when you want to use TOMOYO. We hope that LSM becomes stackable in future. Meanwhile, you can use non-LSM -version of TOMOYO, available at http://tomoyo.sourceforge.jp/en/1.6.x/ . +version of TOMOYO, available at http://tomoyo.sourceforge.jp/1.7/ . LSM version of TOMOYO is a subset of non-LSM version of TOMOYO. We are planning to port non-LSM version's functionalities to LSM versions. diff --git a/Documentation/trace/events.txt b/Documentation/trace/events.txt index 02ac6ed..09bd8e9 100644 --- a/Documentation/trace/events.txt +++ b/Documentation/trace/events.txt @@ -90,7 +90,8 @@ In order to facilitate early boot debugging, use boot option: trace_event=[event-list] -The format of this boot option is the same as described in section 2.1. +event-list is a comma separated list of events. See section 2.1 for event +format. 3. Defining an event-enabled tracepoint ======================================= @@ -238,7 +239,7 @@ subsystem's filter file. For convenience, filters for every event in a subsystem can be set or cleared as a group by writing a filter expression into the filter file -at the root of the subsytem. Note however, that if a filter for any +at the root of the subsystem. Note however, that if a filter for any event within the subsystem lacks a field specified in the subsystem filter, or if the filter can't be applied for any other reason, the filter for that event will retain its previous setting. This can @@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ fields can be guaranteed to propagate successfully to all events. Here are a few subsystem filter examples that also illustrate the above points: -Clear the filters on all events in the sched subsytem: +Clear the filters on all events in the sched subsystem: # cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched # echo 0 > filter @@ -260,7 +261,7 @@ none none Set a filter using only common fields for all events in the sched -subsytem (all events end up with the same filter): +subsystem (all events end up with the same filter): # cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched # echo common_pid == 0 > filter @@ -270,7 +271,7 @@ common_pid == 0 common_pid == 0 Attempt to set a filter using a non-common field for all events in the -sched subsytem (all events but those that have a prev_pid field retain +sched subsystem (all events but those that have a prev_pid field retain their old filters): # cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched diff --git a/Documentation/trace/ftrace-design.txt b/Documentation/trace/ftrace-design.txt index f1f81af..dc52bd4 100644 --- a/Documentation/trace/ftrace-design.txt +++ b/Documentation/trace/ftrace-design.txt @@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ Note that this focuses on architecture implementation details only. If you want more explanation of a feature in terms of common code, review the common ftrace.txt file. +Ideally, everyone who wishes to retain performance while supporting tracing in +their kernel should make it all the way to dynamic ftrace support. + Prerequisites ------------- @@ -215,7 +218,7 @@ An arch may pass in a unique value (frame pointer) to both the entering and exiting of a function. On exit, the value is compared and if it does not match, then it will panic the kernel. This is largely a sanity check for bad code generation with gcc. If gcc for your port sanely updates the frame -pointer under different opitmization levels, then ignore this option. +pointer under different optimization levels, then ignore this option. However, adding support for it isn't terribly difficult. In your assembly code that calls prepare_ftrace_return(), pass the frame pointer as the 3rd argument. @@ -234,7 +237,7 @@ If you can't trace NMI functions, then skip this option. HAVE_SYSCALL_TRACEPOINTS ---------------------- +------------------------ You need very few things to get the syscalls tracing in an arch. @@ -250,12 +253,152 @@ You need very few things to get the syscalls tracing in an arch. HAVE_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD ------------------------- -See scripts/recordmcount.pl for more info. +See scripts/recordmcount.pl for more info. Just fill in the arch-specific +details for how to locate the addresses of mcount call sites via objdump. +This option doesn't make much sense without also implementing dynamic ftrace. + +HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE +------------------- + +You will first need HAVE_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD and HAVE_FUNCTION_TRACER, so +scroll your reader back up if you got over eager. + +Once those are out of the way, you will need to implement: + - asm/ftrace.h: + - MCOUNT_ADDR + - ftrace_call_adjust() + - struct dyn_arch_ftrace{} + - asm code: + - mcount() (new stub) + - ftrace_caller() + - ftrace_call() + - ftrace_stub() + - C code: + - ftrace_dyn_arch_init() + - ftrace_make_nop() + - ftrace_make_call() + - ftrace_update_ftrace_func() + +First you will need to fill out some arch details in your asm/ftrace.h. + +Define MCOUNT_ADDR as the address of your mcount symbol similar to: + #define MCOUNT_ADDR ((unsigned long)mcount) +Since no one else will have a decl for that function, you will need to: + extern void mcount(void); + +You will also need the helper function ftrace_call_adjust(). Most people +will be able to stub it out like so: + static inline unsigned long ftrace_call_adjust(unsigned long addr) + { + return addr; + } <details to be filled> +Lastly you will need the custom dyn_arch_ftrace structure. If you need +some extra state when runtime patching arbitrary call sites, this is the +place. For now though, create an empty struct: + struct dyn_arch_ftrace { + /* No extra data needed */ + }; + +With the header out of the way, we can fill out the assembly code. While we +did already create a mcount() function earlier, dynamic ftrace only wants a +stub function. This is because the mcount() will only be used during boot +and then all references to it will be patched out never to return. Instead, +the guts of the old mcount() will be used to create a new ftrace_caller() +function. Because the two are hard to merge, it will most likely be a lot +easier to have two separate definitions split up by #ifdefs. Same goes for +the ftrace_stub() as that will now be inlined in ftrace_caller(). + +Before we get confused anymore, let's check out some pseudo code so you can +implement your own stuff in assembly: -HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE ---------------------- +void mcount(void) +{ + return; +} + +void ftrace_caller(void) +{ + /* implement HAVE_FUNCTION_TRACE_MCOUNT_TEST if you desire */ + + /* save all state needed by the ABI (see paragraph above) */ + + unsigned long frompc = ...; + unsigned long selfpc = <return address> - MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE; + +ftrace_call: + ftrace_stub(frompc, selfpc); + + /* restore all state needed by the ABI */ + +ftrace_stub: + return; +} + +This might look a little odd at first, but keep in mind that we will be runtime +patching multiple things. First, only functions that we actually want to trace +will be patched to call ftrace_caller(). Second, since we only have one tracer +active at a time, we will patch the ftrace_caller() function itself to call the +specific tracer in question. That is the point of the ftrace_call label. + +With that in mind, let's move on to the C code that will actually be doing the +runtime patching. You'll need a little knowledge of your arch's opcodes in +order to make it through the next section. + +Every arch has an init callback function. If you need to do something early on +to initialize some state, this is the time to do that. Otherwise, this simple +function below should be sufficient for most people: + +int __init ftrace_dyn_arch_init(void *data) +{ + /* return value is done indirectly via data */ + *(unsigned long *)data = 0; + + return 0; +} + +There are two functions that are used to do runtime patching of arbitrary +functions. The first is used to turn the mcount call site into a nop (which +is what helps us retain runtime performance when not tracing). The second is +used to turn the mcount call site into a call to an arbitrary location (but +typically that is ftracer_caller()). See the general function definition in +linux/ftrace.h for the functions: + ftrace_make_nop() + ftrace_make_call() +The rec->ip value is the address of the mcount call site that was collected +by the scripts/recordmcount.pl during build time. + +The last function is used to do runtime patching of the active tracer. This +will be modifying the assembly code at the location of the ftrace_call symbol +inside of the ftrace_caller() function. So you should have sufficient padding +at that location to support the new function calls you'll be inserting. Some +people will be using a "call" type instruction while others will be using a +"branch" type instruction. Specifically, the function is: + ftrace_update_ftrace_func() + + +HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE + HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER +------------------------------------------------ + +The function grapher needs a few tweaks in order to work with dynamic ftrace. +Basically, you will need to: + - update: + - ftrace_caller() + - ftrace_graph_call() + - ftrace_graph_caller() + - implement: + - ftrace_enable_ftrace_graph_caller() + - ftrace_disable_ftrace_graph_caller() <details to be filled> +Quick notes: + - add a nop stub after the ftrace_call location named ftrace_graph_call; + stub needs to be large enough to support a call to ftrace_graph_caller() + - update ftrace_graph_caller() to work with being called by the new + ftrace_caller() since some semantics may have changed + - ftrace_enable_ftrace_graph_caller() will runtime patch the + ftrace_graph_call location with a call to ftrace_graph_caller() + - ftrace_disable_ftrace_graph_caller() will runtime patch the + ftrace_graph_call location with nops diff --git a/Documentation/trace/ftrace.txt b/Documentation/trace/ftrace.txt index 03485bf..557c1ed 100644 --- a/Documentation/trace/ftrace.txt +++ b/Documentation/trace/ftrace.txt @@ -155,6 +155,9 @@ of ftrace. Here is a list of some of the key files: to be traced. Echoing names of functions into this file will limit the trace to only those functions. + This interface also allows for commands to be used. See the + "Filter commands" section for more details. + set_ftrace_notrace: This has an effect opposite to that of @@ -1337,12 +1340,14 @@ ftrace_dump_on_oops must be set. To set ftrace_dump_on_oops, one can either use the sysctl function or set it via the proc system interface. - sysctl kernel.ftrace_dump_on_oops=1 + sysctl kernel.ftrace_dump_on_oops=n or - echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/ftrace_dump_on_oops + echo n > /proc/sys/kernel/ftrace_dump_on_oops +If n = 1, ftrace will dump buffers of all CPUs, if n = 2 ftrace will +only dump the buffer of the CPU that triggered the oops. Here's an example of such a dump after a null pointer dereference in a kernel module: @@ -1822,6 +1827,47 @@ this special filter via: echo > set_graph_function +Filter commands +--------------- + +A few commands are supported by the set_ftrace_filter interface. +Trace commands have the following format: + +<function>:<command>:<parameter> + +The following commands are supported: + +- mod + This command enables function filtering per module. The + parameter defines the module. For example, if only the write* + functions in the ext3 module are desired, run: + + echo 'write*:mod:ext3' > set_ftrace_filter + + This command interacts with the filter in the same way as + filtering based on function names. Thus, adding more functions + in a different module is accomplished by appending (>>) to the + filter file. Remove specific module functions by prepending + '!': + + echo '!writeback*:mod:ext3' >> set_ftrace_filter + +- traceon/traceoff + These commands turn tracing on and off when the specified + functions are hit. The parameter determines how many times the + tracing system is turned on and off. If unspecified, there is + no limit. For example, to disable tracing when a schedule bug + is hit the first 5 times, run: + + echo '__schedule_bug:traceoff:5' > set_ftrace_filter + + These commands are cumulative whether or not they are appended + to set_ftrace_filter. To remove a command, prepend it by '!' + and drop the parameter: + + echo '!__schedule_bug:traceoff' > set_ftrace_filter + + trace_pipe ---------- diff --git a/Documentation/trace/kmemtrace.txt b/Documentation/trace/kmemtrace.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 6308735..0000000 --- a/Documentation/trace/kmemtrace.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,126 +0,0 @@ - kmemtrace - Kernel Memory Tracer - - by Eduard - Gabriel Munteanu - <eduard.munteanu@linux360.ro> - -I. Introduction -=============== - -kmemtrace helps kernel developers figure out two things: -1) how different allocators (SLAB, SLUB etc.) perform -2) how kernel code allocates memory and how much - -To do this, we trace every allocation and export information to the userspace -through the relay interface. We export things such as the number of requested -bytes, the number of bytes actually allocated (i.e. including internal -fragmentation), whether this is a slab allocation or a plain kmalloc() and so -on. - -The actual analysis is performed by a userspace tool (see section III for -details on where to get it from). It logs the data exported by the kernel, -processes it and (as of writing this) can provide the following information: -- the total amount of memory allocated and fragmentation per call-site -- the amount of memory allocated and fragmentation per allocation -- total memory allocated and fragmentation in the collected dataset -- number of cross-CPU allocation and frees (makes sense in NUMA environments) - -Moreover, it can potentially find inconsistent and erroneous behavior in -kernel code, such as using slab free functions on kmalloc'ed memory or -allocating less memory than requested (but not truly failed allocations). - -kmemtrace also makes provisions for tracing on some arch and analysing the -data on another. - -II. Design and goals -==================== - -kmemtrace was designed to handle rather large amounts of data. Thus, it uses -the relay interface to export whatever is logged to userspace, which then -stores it. Analysis and reporting is done asynchronously, that is, after the -data is collected and stored. By design, it allows one to log and analyse -on different machines and different arches. - -As of writing this, the ABI is not considered stable, though it might not -change much. However, no guarantees are made about compatibility yet. When -deemed stable, the ABI should still allow easy extension while maintaining -backward compatibility. This is described further in Documentation/ABI. - -Summary of design goals: - - allow logging and analysis to be done across different machines - - be fast and anticipate usage in high-load environments (*) - - be reasonably extensible - - make it possible for GNU/Linux distributions to have kmemtrace - included in their repositories - -(*) - one of the reasons Pekka Enberg's original userspace data analysis - tool's code was rewritten from Perl to C (although this is more than a - simple conversion) - - -III. Quick usage guide -====================== - -1) Get a kernel that supports kmemtrace and build it accordingly (i.e. enable -CONFIG_KMEMTRACE). - -2) Get the userspace tool and build it: -$ git clone git://repo.or.cz/kmemtrace-user.git # current repository -$ cd kmemtrace-user/ -$ ./autogen.sh -$ ./configure -$ make - -3) Boot the kmemtrace-enabled kernel if you haven't, preferably in the -'single' runlevel (so that relay buffers don't fill up easily), and run -kmemtrace: -# '$' does not mean user, but root here. -$ mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug -$ mount -t proc none /proc -$ cd path/to/kmemtrace-user/ -$ ./kmemtraced -Wait a bit, then stop it with CTRL+C. -$ cat /sys/kernel/debug/kmemtrace/total_overruns # Check if we didn't - # overrun, should - # be zero. -$ (Optionally) [Run kmemtrace_check separately on each cpu[0-9]*.out file to - check its correctness] -$ ./kmemtrace-report - -Now you should have a nice and short summary of how the allocator performs. - -IV. FAQ and known issues -======================== - -Q: 'cat /sys/kernel/debug/kmemtrace/total_overruns' is non-zero, how do I fix -this? Should I worry? -A: If it's non-zero, this affects kmemtrace's accuracy, depending on how -large the number is. You can fix it by supplying a higher -'kmemtrace.subbufs=N' kernel parameter. ---- - -Q: kmemtrace_check reports errors, how do I fix this? Should I worry? -A: This is a bug and should be reported. It can occur for a variety of -reasons: - - possible bugs in relay code - - possible misuse of relay by kmemtrace - - timestamps being collected unorderly -Or you may fix it yourself and send us a patch. ---- - -Q: kmemtrace_report shows many errors, how do I fix this? Should I worry? -A: This is a known issue and I'm working on it. These might be true errors -in kernel code, which may have inconsistent behavior (e.g. allocating memory -with kmem_cache_alloc() and freeing it with kfree()). Pekka Enberg pointed -out this behavior may work with SLAB, but may fail with other allocators. - -It may also be due to lack of tracing in some unusual allocator functions. - -We don't want bug reports regarding this issue yet. ---- - -V. See also -=========== - -Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt -Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-kmemtrace - diff --git a/Documentation/trace/kprobetrace.txt b/Documentation/trace/kprobetrace.txt index a9100b2..5f77d94 100644 --- a/Documentation/trace/kprobetrace.txt +++ b/Documentation/trace/kprobetrace.txt @@ -40,7 +40,9 @@ Synopsis of kprobe_events $stack : Fetch stack address. $retval : Fetch return value.(*) +|-offs(FETCHARG) : Fetch memory at FETCHARG +|- offs address.(**) - NAME=FETCHARG: Set NAME as the argument name of FETCHARG. + NAME=FETCHARG : Set NAME as the argument name of FETCHARG. + FETCHARG:TYPE : Set TYPE as the type of FETCHARG. Currently, basic types + (u8/u16/u32/u64/s8/s16/s32/s64) and string are supported. (*) only for return probe. (**) this is useful for fetching a field of data structures. diff --git a/Documentation/trace/postprocess/trace-vmscan-postprocess.pl b/Documentation/trace/postprocess/trace-vmscan-postprocess.pl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b55146 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/trace/postprocess/trace-vmscan-postprocess.pl @@ -0,0 +1,686 @@ +#!/usr/bin/perl +# This is a POC for reading the text representation of trace output related to +# page reclaim. It makes an attempt to extract some high-level information on +# what is going on. The accuracy of the parser may vary +# +# Example usage: trace-vmscan-postprocess.pl < /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_pipe +# other options +# --read-procstat If the trace lacks process info, get it from /proc +# --ignore-pid Aggregate processes of the same name together +# +# Copyright (c) IBM Corporation 2009 +# Author: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> +use strict; +use Getopt::Long; + +# Tracepoint events +use constant MM_VMSCAN_DIRECT_RECLAIM_BEGIN => 1; +use constant MM_VMSCAN_DIRECT_RECLAIM_END => 2; +use constant MM_VMSCAN_KSWAPD_WAKE => 3; +use constant MM_VMSCAN_KSWAPD_SLEEP => 4; +use constant MM_VMSCAN_LRU_SHRINK_ACTIVE => 5; +use constant MM_VMSCAN_LRU_SHRINK_INACTIVE => 6; +use constant MM_VMSCAN_LRU_ISOLATE => 7; +use constant MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_FILE_SYNC => 8; +use constant MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_ANON_SYNC => 9; +use constant MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_FILE_ASYNC => 10; +use constant MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_ANON_ASYNC => 11; +use constant MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_ASYNC => 12; +use constant EVENT_UNKNOWN => 13; + +# Per-order events +use constant MM_VMSCAN_DIRECT_RECLAIM_BEGIN_PERORDER => 11; +use constant MM_VMSCAN_WAKEUP_KSWAPD_PERORDER => 12; +use constant MM_VMSCAN_KSWAPD_WAKE_PERORDER => 13; +use constant HIGH_KSWAPD_REWAKEUP_PERORDER => 14; + +# Constants used to track state +use constant STATE_DIRECT_BEGIN => 15; +use constant STATE_DIRECT_ORDER => 16; +use constant STATE_KSWAPD_BEGIN => 17; +use constant STATE_KSWAPD_ORDER => 18; + +# High-level events extrapolated from tracepoints +use constant HIGH_DIRECT_RECLAIM_LATENCY => 19; +use constant HIGH_KSWAPD_LATENCY => 20; +use constant HIGH_KSWAPD_REWAKEUP => 21; +use constant HIGH_NR_SCANNED => 22; +use constant HIGH_NR_TAKEN => 23; +use constant HIGH_NR_RECLAIM => 24; +use constant HIGH_NR_CONTIG_DIRTY => 25; + +my %perprocesspid; +my %perprocess; +my %last_procmap; +my $opt_ignorepid; +my $opt_read_procstat; + +my $total_wakeup_kswapd; +my ($total_direct_reclaim, $total_direct_nr_scanned); +my ($total_direct_latency, $total_kswapd_latency); +my ($total_direct_writepage_file_sync, $total_direct_writepage_file_async); +my ($total_direct_writepage_anon_sync, $total_direct_writepage_anon_async); +my ($total_kswapd_nr_scanned, $total_kswapd_wake); +my ($total_kswapd_writepage_file_sync, $total_kswapd_writepage_file_async); +my ($total_kswapd_writepage_anon_sync, $total_kswapd_writepage_anon_async); + +# Catch sigint and exit on request +my $sigint_report = 0; +my $sigint_exit = 0; +my $sigint_pending = 0; +my $sigint_received = 0; +sub sigint_handler { + my $current_time = time; + if ($current_time - 2 > $sigint_received) { + print "SIGINT received, report pending. Hit ctrl-c again to exit\n"; + $sigint_report = 1; + } else { + if (!$sigint_exit) { + print "Second SIGINT received quickly, exiting\n"; + } + $sigint_exit++; + } + + if ($sigint_exit > 3) { + print "Many SIGINTs received, exiting now without report\n"; + exit; + } + + $sigint_received = $current_time; + $sigint_pending = 1; +} +$SIG{INT} = "sigint_handler"; + +# Parse command line options +GetOptions( + 'ignore-pid' => \$opt_ignorepid, + 'read-procstat' => \$opt_read_procstat, +); + +# Defaults for dynamically discovered regex's +my $regex_direct_begin_default = 'order=([0-9]*) may_writepage=([0-9]*) gfp_flags=([A-Z_|]*)'; +my $regex_direct_end_default = 'nr_reclaimed=([0-9]*)'; +my $regex_kswapd_wake_default = 'nid=([0-9]*) order=([0-9]*)'; +my $regex_kswapd_sleep_default = 'nid=([0-9]*)'; +my $regex_wakeup_kswapd_default = 'nid=([0-9]*) zid=([0-9]*) order=([0-9]*)'; +my $regex_lru_isolate_default = 'isolate_mode=([0-9]*) order=([0-9]*) nr_requested=([0-9]*) nr_scanned=([0-9]*) nr_taken=([0-9]*) contig_taken=([0-9]*) contig_dirty=([0-9]*) contig_failed=([0-9]*)'; +my $regex_lru_shrink_inactive_default = 'lru=([A-Z_]*) nr_scanned=([0-9]*) nr_reclaimed=([0-9]*) priority=([0-9]*)'; +my $regex_lru_shrink_active_default = 'lru=([A-Z_]*) nr_scanned=([0-9]*) nr_rotated=([0-9]*) priority=([0-9]*)'; +my $regex_writepage_default = 'page=([0-9a-f]*) pfn=([0-9]*) flags=([A-Z_|]*)'; + +# Dyanically discovered regex +my $regex_direct_begin; +my $regex_direct_end; +my $regex_kswapd_wake; +my $regex_kswapd_sleep; +my $regex_wakeup_kswapd; +my $regex_lru_isolate; +my $regex_lru_shrink_inactive; +my $regex_lru_shrink_active; +my $regex_writepage; + +# Static regex used. Specified like this for readability and for use with /o +# (process_pid) (cpus ) ( time ) (tpoint ) (details) +my $regex_traceevent = '\s*([a-zA-Z0-9-]*)\s*(\[[0-9]*\])\s*([0-9.]*):\s*([a-zA-Z_]*):\s*(.*)'; +my $regex_statname = '[-0-9]*\s\((.*)\).*'; +my $regex_statppid = '[-0-9]*\s\(.*\)\s[A-Za-z]\s([0-9]*).*'; + +sub generate_traceevent_regex { + my $event = shift; + my $default = shift; + my $regex; + + # Read the event format or use the default + if (!open (FORMAT, "/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/$event/format")) { + print("WARNING: Event $event format string not found\n"); + return $default; + } else { + my $line; + while (!eof(FORMAT)) { + $line = <FORMAT>; + $line =~ s/, REC->.*//; + if ($line =~ /^print fmt:\s"(.*)".*/) { + $regex = $1; + $regex =~ s/%s/\([0-9a-zA-Z|_]*\)/g; + $regex =~ s/%p/\([0-9a-f]*\)/g; + $regex =~ s/%d/\([-0-9]*\)/g; + $regex =~ s/%ld/\([-0-9]*\)/g; + $regex =~ s/%lu/\([0-9]*\)/g; + } + } + } + + # Can't handle the print_flags stuff but in the context of this + # script, it really doesn't matter + $regex =~ s/\(REC.*\) \? __print_flags.*//; + + # Verify fields are in the right order + my $tuple; + foreach $tuple (split /\s/, $regex) { + my ($key, $value) = split(/=/, $tuple); + my $expected = shift; + if ($key ne $expected) { + print("WARNING: Format not as expected for event $event '$key' != '$expected'\n"); + $regex =~ s/$key=\((.*)\)/$key=$1/; + } + } + + if (defined shift) { + die("Fewer fields than expected in format"); + } + + return $regex; +} + +$regex_direct_begin = generate_traceevent_regex( + "vmscan/mm_vmscan_direct_reclaim_begin", + $regex_direct_begin_default, + "order", "may_writepage", + "gfp_flags"); +$regex_direct_end = generate_traceevent_regex( + "vmscan/mm_vmscan_direct_reclaim_end", + $regex_direct_end_default, + "nr_reclaimed"); +$regex_kswapd_wake = generate_traceevent_regex( + "vmscan/mm_vmscan_kswapd_wake", + $regex_kswapd_wake_default, + "nid", "order"); +$regex_kswapd_sleep = generate_traceevent_regex( + "vmscan/mm_vmscan_kswapd_sleep", + $regex_kswapd_sleep_default, + "nid"); +$regex_wakeup_kswapd = generate_traceevent_regex( + "vmscan/mm_vmscan_wakeup_kswapd", + $regex_wakeup_kswapd_default, + "nid", "zid", "order"); +$regex_lru_isolate = generate_traceevent_regex( + "vmscan/mm_vmscan_lru_isolate", + $regex_lru_isolate_default, + "isolate_mode", "order", + "nr_requested", "nr_scanned", "nr_taken", + "contig_taken", "contig_dirty", "contig_failed"); +$regex_lru_shrink_inactive = generate_traceevent_regex( + "vmscan/mm_vmscan_lru_shrink_inactive", + $regex_lru_shrink_inactive_default, + "nid", "zid", + "lru", + "nr_scanned", "nr_reclaimed", "priority"); +$regex_lru_shrink_active = generate_traceevent_regex( + "vmscan/mm_vmscan_lru_shrink_active", + $regex_lru_shrink_active_default, + "nid", "zid", + "lru", + "nr_scanned", "nr_rotated", "priority"); +$regex_writepage = generate_traceevent_regex( + "vmscan/mm_vmscan_writepage", + $regex_writepage_default, + "page", "pfn", "flags"); + +sub read_statline($) { + my $pid = $_[0]; + my $statline; + + if (open(STAT, "/proc/$pid/stat")) { + $statline = <STAT>; + close(STAT); + } + + if ($statline eq '') { + $statline = "-1 (UNKNOWN_PROCESS_NAME) R 0"; + } + + return $statline; +} + +sub guess_process_pid($$) { + my $pid = $_[0]; + my $statline = $_[1]; + + if ($pid == 0) { + return "swapper-0"; + } + + if ($statline !~ /$regex_statname/o) { + die("Failed to math stat line for process name :: $statline"); + } + return "$1-$pid"; +} + +# Convert sec.usec timestamp format +sub timestamp_to_ms($) { + my $timestamp = $_[0]; + + my ($sec, $usec) = split (/\./, $timestamp); + return ($sec * 1000) + ($usec / 1000); +} + +sub process_events { + my $traceevent; + my $process_pid; + my $cpus; + my $timestamp; + my $tracepoint; + my $details; + my $statline; + + # Read each line of the event log +EVENT_PROCESS: + while ($traceevent = <STDIN>) { + if ($traceevent =~ /$regex_traceevent/o) { + $process_pid = $1; + $timestamp = $3; + $tracepoint = $4; + + $process_pid =~ /(.*)-([0-9]*)$/; + my $process = $1; + my $pid = $2; + + if ($process eq "") { + $process = $last_procmap{$pid}; + $process_pid = "$process-$pid"; + } + $last_procmap{$pid} = $process; + + if ($opt_read_procstat) { + $statline = read_statline($pid); + if ($opt_read_procstat && $process eq '') { + $process_pid = guess_process_pid($pid, $statline); + } + } + } else { + next; + } + + # Perl Switch() sucks majorly + if ($tracepoint eq "mm_vmscan_direct_reclaim_begin") { + $timestamp = timestamp_to_ms($timestamp); + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_DIRECT_RECLAIM_BEGIN}++; + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{STATE_DIRECT_BEGIN} = $timestamp; + + $details = $5; + if ($details !~ /$regex_direct_begin/o) { + print "WARNING: Failed to parse mm_vmscan_direct_reclaim_begin as expected\n"; + print " $details\n"; + print " $regex_direct_begin\n"; + next; + } + my $order = $1; + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_DIRECT_RECLAIM_BEGIN_PERORDER}[$order]++; + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{STATE_DIRECT_ORDER} = $order; + } elsif ($tracepoint eq "mm_vmscan_direct_reclaim_end") { + # Count the event itself + my $index = $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_DIRECT_RECLAIM_END}; + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_DIRECT_RECLAIM_END}++; + + # Record how long direct reclaim took this time + if (defined $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{STATE_DIRECT_BEGIN}) { + $timestamp = timestamp_to_ms($timestamp); + my $order = $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{STATE_DIRECT_ORDER}; + my $latency = ($timestamp - $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{STATE_DIRECT_BEGIN}); + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{HIGH_DIRECT_RECLAIM_LATENCY}[$index] = "$order-$latency"; + } + } elsif ($tracepoint eq "mm_vmscan_kswapd_wake") { + $details = $5; + if ($details !~ /$regex_kswapd_wake/o) { + print "WARNING: Failed to parse mm_vmscan_kswapd_wake as expected\n"; + print " $details\n"; + print " $regex_kswapd_wake\n"; + next; + } + + my $order = $2; + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{STATE_KSWAPD_ORDER} = $order; + if (!$perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{STATE_KSWAPD_BEGIN}) { + $timestamp = timestamp_to_ms($timestamp); + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_KSWAPD_WAKE}++; + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{STATE_KSWAPD_BEGIN} = $timestamp; + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_KSWAPD_WAKE_PERORDER}[$order]++; + } else { + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{HIGH_KSWAPD_REWAKEUP}++; + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{HIGH_KSWAPD_REWAKEUP_PERORDER}[$order]++; + } + } elsif ($tracepoint eq "mm_vmscan_kswapd_sleep") { + + # Count the event itself + my $index = $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_KSWAPD_SLEEP}; + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_KSWAPD_SLEEP}++; + + # Record how long kswapd was awake + $timestamp = timestamp_to_ms($timestamp); + my $order = $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{STATE_KSWAPD_ORDER}; + my $latency = ($timestamp - $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{STATE_KSWAPD_BEGIN}); + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{HIGH_KSWAPD_LATENCY}[$index] = "$order-$latency"; + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{STATE_KSWAPD_BEGIN} = 0; + } elsif ($tracepoint eq "mm_vmscan_wakeup_kswapd") { + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WAKEUP_KSWAPD}++; + + $details = $5; + if ($details !~ /$regex_wakeup_kswapd/o) { + print "WARNING: Failed to parse mm_vmscan_wakeup_kswapd as expected\n"; + print " $details\n"; + print " $regex_wakeup_kswapd\n"; + next; + } + my $order = $3; + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WAKEUP_KSWAPD_PERORDER}[$order]++; + } elsif ($tracepoint eq "mm_vmscan_lru_isolate") { + $details = $5; + if ($details !~ /$regex_lru_isolate/o) { + print "WARNING: Failed to parse mm_vmscan_lru_isolate as expected\n"; + print " $details\n"; + print " $regex_lru_isolate/o\n"; + next; + } + my $nr_scanned = $4; + my $nr_contig_dirty = $7; + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{HIGH_NR_SCANNED} += $nr_scanned; + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{HIGH_NR_CONTIG_DIRTY} += $nr_contig_dirty; + } elsif ($tracepoint eq "mm_vmscan_writepage") { + $details = $5; + if ($details !~ /$regex_writepage/o) { + print "WARNING: Failed to parse mm_vmscan_writepage as expected\n"; + print " $details\n"; + print " $regex_writepage\n"; + next; + } + + my $flags = $3; + my $file = 0; + my $sync_io = 0; + if ($flags =~ /RECLAIM_WB_FILE/) { + $file = 1; + } + if ($flags =~ /RECLAIM_WB_SYNC/) { + $sync_io = 1; + } + if ($sync_io) { + if ($file) { + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_FILE_SYNC}++; + } else { + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_ANON_SYNC}++; + } + } else { + if ($file) { + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_FILE_ASYNC}++; + } else { + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_ANON_ASYNC}++; + } + } + } else { + $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{EVENT_UNKNOWN}++; + } + + if ($sigint_pending) { + last EVENT_PROCESS; + } + } +} + +sub dump_stats { + my $hashref = shift; + my %stats = %$hashref; + + # Dump per-process stats + my $process_pid; + my $max_strlen = 0; + + # Get the maximum process name + foreach $process_pid (keys %perprocesspid) { + my $len = length($process_pid); + if ($len > $max_strlen) { + $max_strlen = $len; + } + } + $max_strlen += 2; + + # Work out latencies + printf("\n") if !$opt_ignorepid; + printf("Reclaim latencies expressed as order-latency_in_ms\n") if !$opt_ignorepid; + foreach $process_pid (keys %stats) { + + if (!$stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_DIRECT_RECLAIM_LATENCY}[0] && + !$stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_KSWAPD_LATENCY}[0]) { + next; + } + + printf "%-" . $max_strlen . "s ", $process_pid if !$opt_ignorepid; + my $index = 0; + while (defined $stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_DIRECT_RECLAIM_LATENCY}[$index] || + defined $stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_KSWAPD_LATENCY}[$index]) { + + if ($stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_DIRECT_RECLAIM_LATENCY}[$index]) { + printf("%s ", $stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_DIRECT_RECLAIM_LATENCY}[$index]) if !$opt_ignorepid; + my ($dummy, $latency) = split(/-/, $stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_DIRECT_RECLAIM_LATENCY}[$index]); + $total_direct_latency += $latency; + } else { + printf("%s ", $stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_KSWAPD_LATENCY}[$index]) if !$opt_ignorepid; + my ($dummy, $latency) = split(/-/, $stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_KSWAPD_LATENCY}[$index]); + $total_kswapd_latency += $latency; + } + $index++; + } + print "\n" if !$opt_ignorepid; + } + + # Print out process activity + printf("\n"); + printf("%-" . $max_strlen . "s %8s %10s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s\n", "Process", "Direct", "Wokeup", "Pages", "Pages", "Pages", "Time"); + printf("%-" . $max_strlen . "s %8s %10s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s\n", "details", "Rclms", "Kswapd", "Scanned", "Sync-IO", "ASync-IO", "Stalled"); + foreach $process_pid (keys %stats) { + + if (!$stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_DIRECT_RECLAIM_BEGIN}) { + next; + } + + $total_direct_reclaim += $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_DIRECT_RECLAIM_BEGIN}; + $total_wakeup_kswapd += $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WAKEUP_KSWAPD}; + $total_direct_nr_scanned += $stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_NR_SCANNED}; + $total_direct_writepage_file_sync += $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_FILE_SYNC}; + $total_direct_writepage_anon_sync += $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_ANON_SYNC}; + $total_direct_writepage_file_async += $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_FILE_ASYNC}; + + $total_direct_writepage_anon_async += $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_ANON_ASYNC}; + + my $index = 0; + my $this_reclaim_delay = 0; + while (defined $stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_DIRECT_RECLAIM_LATENCY}[$index]) { + my ($dummy, $latency) = split(/-/, $stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_DIRECT_RECLAIM_LATENCY}[$index]); + $this_reclaim_delay += $latency; + $index++; + } + + printf("%-" . $max_strlen . "s %8d %10d %8u %8u %8u %8.3f", + $process_pid, + $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_DIRECT_RECLAIM_BEGIN}, + $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WAKEUP_KSWAPD}, + $stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_NR_SCANNED}, + $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_FILE_SYNC} + $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_ANON_SYNC}, + $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_FILE_ASYNC} + $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_ANON_ASYNC}, + $this_reclaim_delay / 1000); + + if ($stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_DIRECT_RECLAIM_BEGIN}) { + print " "; + for (my $order = 0; $order < 20; $order++) { + my $count = $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_DIRECT_RECLAIM_BEGIN_PERORDER}[$order]; + if ($count != 0) { + print "direct-$order=$count "; + } + } + } + if ($stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WAKEUP_KSWAPD}) { + print " "; + for (my $order = 0; $order < 20; $order++) { + my $count = $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WAKEUP_KSWAPD_PERORDER}[$order]; + if ($count != 0) { + print "wakeup-$order=$count "; + } + } + } + if ($stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_NR_CONTIG_DIRTY}) { + print " "; + my $count = $stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_NR_CONTIG_DIRTY}; + if ($count != 0) { + print "contig-dirty=$count "; + } + } + + print "\n"; + } + + # Print out kswapd activity + printf("\n"); + printf("%-" . $max_strlen . "s %8s %10s %8s %8s %8s %8s\n", "Kswapd", "Kswapd", "Order", "Pages", "Pages", "Pages"); + printf("%-" . $max_strlen . "s %8s %10s %8s %8s %8s %8s\n", "Instance", "Wakeups", "Re-wakeup", "Scanned", "Sync-IO", "ASync-IO"); + foreach $process_pid (keys %stats) { + + if (!$stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_KSWAPD_WAKE}) { + next; + } + + $total_kswapd_wake += $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_KSWAPD_WAKE}; + $total_kswapd_nr_scanned += $stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_NR_SCANNED}; + $total_kswapd_writepage_file_sync += $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_FILE_SYNC}; + $total_kswapd_writepage_anon_sync += $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_ANON_SYNC}; + $total_kswapd_writepage_file_async += $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_FILE_ASYNC}; + $total_kswapd_writepage_anon_async += $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_ANON_ASYNC}; + + printf("%-" . $max_strlen . "s %8d %10d %8u %8i %8u", + $process_pid, + $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_KSWAPD_WAKE}, + $stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_KSWAPD_REWAKEUP}, + $stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_NR_SCANNED}, + $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_FILE_SYNC} + $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_ANON_SYNC}, + $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_FILE_ASYNC} + $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_ANON_ASYNC}); + + if ($stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_KSWAPD_WAKE}) { + print " "; + for (my $order = 0; $order < 20; $order++) { + my $count = $stats{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_KSWAPD_WAKE_PERORDER}[$order]; + if ($count != 0) { + print "wake-$order=$count "; + } + } + } + if ($stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_KSWAPD_REWAKEUP}) { + print " "; + for (my $order = 0; $order < 20; $order++) { + my $count = $stats{$process_pid}->{HIGH_KSWAPD_REWAKEUP_PERORDER}[$order]; + if ($count != 0) { + print "rewake-$order=$count "; + } + } + } + printf("\n"); + } + + # Print out summaries + $total_direct_latency /= 1000; + $total_kswapd_latency /= 1000; + print "\nSummary\n"; + print "Direct reclaims: $total_direct_reclaim\n"; + print "Direct reclaim pages scanned: $total_direct_nr_scanned\n"; + print "Direct reclaim write file sync I/O: $total_direct_writepage_file_sync\n"; + print "Direct reclaim write anon sync I/O: $total_direct_writepage_anon_sync\n"; + print "Direct reclaim write file async I/O: $total_direct_writepage_file_async\n"; + print "Direct reclaim write anon async I/O: $total_direct_writepage_anon_async\n"; + print "Wake kswapd requests: $total_wakeup_kswapd\n"; + printf "Time stalled direct reclaim: %-1.2f seconds\n", $total_direct_latency; + print "\n"; + print "Kswapd wakeups: $total_kswapd_wake\n"; + print "Kswapd pages scanned: $total_kswapd_nr_scanned\n"; + print "Kswapd reclaim write file sync I/O: $total_kswapd_writepage_file_sync\n"; + print "Kswapd reclaim write anon sync I/O: $total_kswapd_writepage_anon_sync\n"; + print "Kswapd reclaim write file async I/O: $total_kswapd_writepage_file_async\n"; + print "Kswapd reclaim write anon async I/O: $total_kswapd_writepage_anon_async\n"; + printf "Time kswapd awake: %-1.2f seconds\n", $total_kswapd_latency; +} + +sub aggregate_perprocesspid() { + my $process_pid; + my $process; + undef %perprocess; + + foreach $process_pid (keys %perprocesspid) { + $process = $process_pid; + $process =~ s/-([0-9])*$//; + if ($process eq '') { + $process = "NO_PROCESS_NAME"; + } + + $perprocess{$process}->{MM_VMSCAN_DIRECT_RECLAIM_BEGIN} += $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_DIRECT_RECLAIM_BEGIN}; + $perprocess{$process}->{MM_VMSCAN_KSWAPD_WAKE} += $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_KSWAPD_WAKE}; + $perprocess{$process}->{MM_VMSCAN_WAKEUP_KSWAPD} += $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WAKEUP_KSWAPD}; + $perprocess{$process}->{HIGH_KSWAPD_REWAKEUP} += $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{HIGH_KSWAPD_REWAKEUP}; + $perprocess{$process}->{HIGH_NR_SCANNED} += $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{HIGH_NR_SCANNED}; + $perprocess{$process}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_FILE_SYNC} += $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_FILE_SYNC}; + $perprocess{$process}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_ANON_SYNC} += $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_ANON_SYNC}; + $perprocess{$process}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_FILE_ASYNC} += $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_FILE_ASYNC}; + $perprocess{$process}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_ANON_ASYNC} += $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WRITEPAGE_ANON_ASYNC}; + + for (my $order = 0; $order < 20; $order++) { + $perprocess{$process}->{MM_VMSCAN_DIRECT_RECLAIM_BEGIN_PERORDER}[$order] += $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_DIRECT_RECLAIM_BEGIN_PERORDER}[$order]; + $perprocess{$process}->{MM_VMSCAN_WAKEUP_KSWAPD_PERORDER}[$order] += $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_WAKEUP_KSWAPD_PERORDER}[$order]; + $perprocess{$process}->{MM_VMSCAN_KSWAPD_WAKE_PERORDER}[$order] += $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{MM_VMSCAN_KSWAPD_WAKE_PERORDER}[$order]; + + } + + # Aggregate direct reclaim latencies + my $wr_index = $perprocess{$process}->{MM_VMSCAN_DIRECT_RECLAIM_END}; + my $rd_index = 0; + while (defined $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{HIGH_DIRECT_RECLAIM_LATENCY}[$rd_index]) { + $perprocess{$process}->{HIGH_DIRECT_RECLAIM_LATENCY}[$wr_index] = $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{HIGH_DIRECT_RECLAIM_LATENCY}[$rd_index]; + $rd_index++; + $wr_index++; + } + $perprocess{$process}->{MM_VMSCAN_DIRECT_RECLAIM_END} = $wr_index; + + # Aggregate kswapd latencies + my $wr_index = $perprocess{$process}->{MM_VMSCAN_KSWAPD_SLEEP}; + my $rd_index = 0; + while (defined $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{HIGH_KSWAPD_LATENCY}[$rd_index]) { + $perprocess{$process}->{HIGH_KSWAPD_LATENCY}[$wr_index] = $perprocesspid{$process_pid}->{HIGH_KSWAPD_LATENCY}[$rd_index]; + $rd_index++; + $wr_index++; + } + $perprocess{$process}->{MM_VMSCAN_DIRECT_RECLAIM_END} = $wr_index; + } +} + +sub report() { + if (!$opt_ignorepid) { + dump_stats(\%perprocesspid); + } else { + aggregate_perprocesspid(); + dump_stats(\%perprocess); + } +} + +# Process events or signals until neither is available +sub signal_loop() { + my $sigint_processed; + do { + $sigint_processed = 0; + process_events(); + + # Handle pending signals if any + if ($sigint_pending) { + my $current_time = time; + + if ($sigint_exit) { + print "Received exit signal\n"; + $sigint_pending = 0; + } + if ($sigint_report) { + if ($current_time >= $sigint_received + 2) { + report(); + $sigint_report = 0; + $sigint_pending = 0; + $sigint_processed = 1; + } + } + } + } while ($sigint_pending || $sigint_processed); +} + +signal_loop(); +report(); diff --git a/Documentation/uml/UserModeLinux-HOWTO.txt b/Documentation/uml/UserModeLinux-HOWTO.txt index 628013f..9b7e190 100644 --- a/Documentation/uml/UserModeLinux-HOWTO.txt +++ b/Documentation/uml/UserModeLinux-HOWTO.txt @@ -8,62 +8,6 @@ Table of Contents - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. Introduction 1.1 How is User Mode Linux Different? @@ -277,8 +221,7 @@ 1. Download the latest UML patch from - the download page <http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/dl- - sf.html> + the download page <http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/ In this example, the file is uml-patch-2.4.0-prerelease.bz2. @@ -438,7 +381,7 @@ as modules, especially filesystems and network protocols and filters, so most symbols which need to be exported probably already are. However, if you do find symbols that need exporting, let us - <http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/contacts.html> know, and + <http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/> know, and they'll be "taken care of". @@ -498,8 +441,8 @@ You will need a filesystem to boot UML from. There are a number available for download from here <http://user-mode- - linux.sourceforge.net/dl-sf.html> . There are also several tools - <http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/fs_making.html> which can be + linux.sourceforge.net/> . There are also several tools + <http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/> which can be used to generate UML-compatible filesystem images from media. The kernel will boot up and present you with a login prompt. @@ -1236,7 +1179,7 @@ Harald's original README is here <http://user-mode-linux.source- - forge.net/text/mcast.txt> and explains these in detail, as well as + forge.net/> and explains these in detail, as well as some other issues. @@ -1311,7 +1254,7 @@ kernel. These were pointed out by Tim Robinson <timro at trkr dot net> in - <http://www.geocrawler.com/lists/3/SourceForge/597/0/> name="this uml- + <http://www.geocrawler.com/> name="this uml- user post"> . @@ -2038,7 +1981,7 @@ uml_moo is installed with the UML deb and RPM. If you didn't install UML from one of those packages, you can also get it from the UML - utilities <http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/dl-sf.html#UML + utilities <http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/ utilities> tar file in tools/moo. @@ -4599,7 +4542,7 @@ Michael Jennings <mikejen at hevanet.com> sent in some material which is now gracing the top of the index page <http://user-mode- - linux.sourceforge.net/index.html> of this site. + linux.sourceforge.net/> of this site. SGI <http://www.sgi.com> (and more specifically Ralf Baechle <ralf at uni-koblenz.de> ) gave me an account on oss.sgi.com diff --git a/Documentation/usb/WUSB-Design-overview.txt b/Documentation/usb/WUSB-Design-overview.txt index c480e9c..4c5e379 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/WUSB-Design-overview.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/WUSB-Design-overview.txt @@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ descriptor that gives us the status of the transfer, its identification we issue another URB to read into the destination buffer the chunk of data coming out of the remote endpoint. Done, wait for the next guy. The callbacks for the URBs issued from here are the ones that will declare -the xfer complete at some point and call it's callback. +the xfer complete at some point and call its callback. Seems simple, but the implementation is not trivial. diff --git a/Documentation/usb/bulk-streams.txt b/Documentation/usb/bulk-streams.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ffc0202 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/usb/bulk-streams.txt @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +Background +========== + +Bulk endpoint streams were added in the USB 3.0 specification. Streams allow a +device driver to overload a bulk endpoint so that multiple transfers can be +queued at once. + +Streams are defined in sections 4.4.6.4 and 8.12.1.4 of the Universal Serial Bus +3.0 specification at http://www.usb.org/developers/docs/ The USB Attached SCSI +Protocol, which uses streams to queue multiple SCSI commands, can be found on +the T10 website (http://t10.org/). + + +Device-side implications +======================== + +Once a buffer has been queued to a stream ring, the device is notified (through +an out-of-band mechanism on another endpoint) that data is ready for that stream +ID. The device then tells the host which "stream" it wants to start. The host +can also initiate a transfer on a stream without the device asking, but the +device can refuse that transfer. Devices can switch between streams at any +time. + + +Driver implications +=================== + +int usb_alloc_streams(struct usb_interface *interface, + struct usb_host_endpoint **eps, unsigned int num_eps, + unsigned int num_streams, gfp_t mem_flags); + +Device drivers will call this API to request that the host controller driver +allocate memory so the driver can use up to num_streams stream IDs. They must +pass an array of usb_host_endpoints that need to be setup with similar stream +IDs. This is to ensure that a UASP driver will be able to use the same stream +ID for the bulk IN and OUT endpoints used in a Bi-directional command sequence. + +The return value is an error condition (if one of the endpoints doesn't support +streams, or the xHCI driver ran out of memory), or the number of streams the +host controller allocated for this endpoint. The xHCI host controller hardware +declares how many stream IDs it can support, and each bulk endpoint on a +SuperSpeed device will say how many stream IDs it can handle. Therefore, +drivers should be able to deal with being allocated less stream IDs than they +requested. + +Do NOT call this function if you have URBs enqueued for any of the endpoints +passed in as arguments. Do not call this function to request less than two +streams. + +Drivers will only be allowed to call this API once for the same endpoint +without calling usb_free_streams(). This is a simplification for the xHCI host +controller driver, and may change in the future. + + +Picking new Stream IDs to use +============================ + +Stream ID 0 is reserved, and should not be used to communicate with devices. If +usb_alloc_streams() returns with a value of N, you may use streams 1 though N. +To queue an URB for a specific stream, set the urb->stream_id value. If the +endpoint does not support streams, an error will be returned. + +Note that new API to choose the next stream ID will have to be added if the xHCI +driver supports secondary stream IDs. + + +Clean up +======== + +If a driver wishes to stop using streams to communicate with the device, it +should call + +void usb_free_streams(struct usb_interface *interface, + struct usb_host_endpoint **eps, unsigned int num_eps, + gfp_t mem_flags); + +All stream IDs will be deallocated when the driver releases the interface, to +ensure that drivers that don't support streams will be able to use the endpoint. diff --git a/Documentation/usb/dma.txt b/Documentation/usb/dma.txt index cfdcd16..84ef865 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/dma.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/dma.txt @@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ OR: they can now be DMA-aware. manage dma mappings for existing dma-ready buffers (see below). - URBs have an additional "transfer_dma" field, as well as a transfer_flags - bit saying if it's valid. (Control requests also have "setup_dma" and a - corresponding transfer_flags bit.) + bit saying if it's valid. (Control requests also have "setup_dma", but + drivers must not use it.) -- "usbcore" will map those DMA addresses, if a DMA-aware driver didn't do - it first and set URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP or URB_NO_SETUP_DMA_MAP. HCDs +- "usbcore" will map this DMA address, if a DMA-aware driver didn't do + it first and set URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP. HCDs don't manage dma mappings for URBs. - There's a new "generic DMA API", parts of which are usable by USB device @@ -43,22 +43,16 @@ and effects like cache-trashing can impose subtle penalties. kind of addresses to store in urb->transfer_buffer and urb->transfer_dma. You'd also set URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP in urb->transfer_flags: - void *usb_buffer_alloc (struct usb_device *dev, size_t size, + void *usb_alloc_coherent (struct usb_device *dev, size_t size, int mem_flags, dma_addr_t *dma); - void usb_buffer_free (struct usb_device *dev, size_t size, + void usb_free_coherent (struct usb_device *dev, size_t size, void *addr, dma_addr_t dma); Most drivers should *NOT* be using these primitives; they don't need to use this type of memory ("dma-coherent"), and memory returned from kmalloc() will work just fine. - For control transfers you can use the buffer primitives or not for each - of the transfer buffer and setup buffer independently. Set the flag bits - URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP and URB_NO_SETUP_DMA_MAP to indicate which - buffers you have prepared. For non-control transfers URB_NO_SETUP_DMA_MAP - is ignored. - The memory buffer returned is "dma-coherent"; sometimes you might need to force a consistent memory access ordering by using memory barriers. It's not using a streaming DMA mapping, so it's good for small transfers on @@ -130,8 +124,8 @@ of Documentation/PCI/PCI-DMA-mapping.txt, titled "What memory is DMA-able?") void usb_buffer_unmap (struct urb *urb); The calls manage urb->transfer_dma for you, and set URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP - so that usbcore won't map or unmap the buffer. The same goes for - urb->setup_dma and URB_NO_SETUP_DMA_MAP for control requests. + so that usbcore won't map or unmap the buffer. They cannot be used for + setup_packet buffers in control requests. Note that several of those interfaces are currently commented out, since they don't have current users. See the source code. Other than the dmasync diff --git a/Documentation/usb/ehci.txt b/Documentation/usb/ehci.txt index 1536b7e..9dcafa7 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/ehci.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/ehci.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ compatible with the USB 1.1 standard. It defines three transfer speeds: - "Low Speed" 1.5 Mbit/sec USB 1.1 only addressed full speed and low speed. High speed devices -can be used on USB 1.1 systems, but they slow down to USB 1.1 speeds. +can be used on USB 1.1 systems, but they slow down to USB 1.1 speeds. USB 1.1 devices may also be used on USB 2.0 systems. When plugged into an EHCI controller, they are given to a USB 1.1 "companion" diff --git a/Documentation/usb/gadget_hid.txt b/Documentation/usb/gadget_hid.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f4a51f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/usb/gadget_hid.txt @@ -0,0 +1,445 @@ + + Linux USB HID gadget driver + +Introduction + + The HID Gadget driver provides emulation of USB Human Interface + Devices (HID). The basic HID handling is done in the kernel, + and HID reports can be sent/received through I/O on the + /dev/hidgX character devices. + + For more details about HID, see the developer page on + http://www.usb.org/developers/hidpage/ + +Configuration + + g_hid is a platform driver, so to use it you need to add + struct platform_device(s) to your platform code defining the + HID function descriptors you want to use - E.G. something + like: + +#include <linux/platform_device.h> +#include <linux/usb/g_hid.h> + +/* hid descriptor for a keyboard */ +static struct hidg_func_descriptor my_hid_data = { + .subclass = 0, /* No subclass */ + .protocol = 1, /* Keyboard */ + .report_length = 8, + .report_desc_length = 63, + .report_desc = { + 0x05, 0x01, /* USAGE_PAGE (Generic Desktop) */ + 0x09, 0x06, /* USAGE (Keyboard) */ + 0xa1, 0x01, /* COLLECTION (Application) */ + 0x05, 0x07, /* USAGE_PAGE (Keyboard) */ + 0x19, 0xe0, /* USAGE_MINIMUM (Keyboard LeftControl) */ + 0x29, 0xe7, /* USAGE_MAXIMUM (Keyboard Right GUI) */ + 0x15, 0x00, /* LOGICAL_MINIMUM (0) */ + 0x25, 0x01, /* LOGICAL_MAXIMUM (1) */ + 0x75, 0x01, /* REPORT_SIZE (1) */ + 0x95, 0x08, /* REPORT_COUNT (8) */ + 0x81, 0x02, /* INPUT (Data,Var,Abs) */ + 0x95, 0x01, /* REPORT_COUNT (1) */ + 0x75, 0x08, /* REPORT_SIZE (8) */ + 0x81, 0x03, /* INPUT (Cnst,Var,Abs) */ + 0x95, 0x05, /* REPORT_COUNT (5) */ + 0x75, 0x01, /* REPORT_SIZE (1) */ + 0x05, 0x08, /* USAGE_PAGE (LEDs) */ + 0x19, 0x01, /* USAGE_MINIMUM (Num Lock) */ + 0x29, 0x05, /* USAGE_MAXIMUM (Kana) */ + 0x91, 0x02, /* OUTPUT (Data,Var,Abs) */ + 0x95, 0x01, /* REPORT_COUNT (1) */ + 0x75, 0x03, /* REPORT_SIZE (3) */ + 0x91, 0x03, /* OUTPUT (Cnst,Var,Abs) */ + 0x95, 0x06, /* REPORT_COUNT (6) */ + 0x75, 0x08, /* REPORT_SIZE (8) */ + 0x15, 0x00, /* LOGICAL_MINIMUM (0) */ + 0x25, 0x65, /* LOGICAL_MAXIMUM (101) */ + 0x05, 0x07, /* USAGE_PAGE (Keyboard) */ + 0x19, 0x00, /* USAGE_MINIMUM (Reserved) */ + 0x29, 0x65, /* USAGE_MAXIMUM (Keyboard Application) */ + 0x81, 0x00, /* INPUT (Data,Ary,Abs) */ + 0xc0 /* END_COLLECTION */ + } +}; + +static struct platform_device my_hid = { + .name = "hidg", + .id = 0, + .num_resources = 0, + .resource = 0, + .dev.platform_data = &my_hid_data, +}; + + You can add as many HID functions as you want, only limited by + the amount of interrupt endpoints your gadget driver supports. + +Send and receive HID reports + + HID reports can be sent/received using read/write on the + /dev/hidgX character devices. See below for an example program + to do this. + + hid_gadget_test is a small interactive program to test the HID + gadget driver. To use, point it at a hidg device and set the + device type (keyboard / mouse / joystick) - E.G.: + + # hid_gadget_test /dev/hidg0 keyboard + + You are now in the prompt of hid_gadget_test. You can type any + combination of options and values. Available options and + values are listed at program start. In keyboard mode you can + send up to six values. + + For example type: g i s t r --left-shift + + Hit return and the corresponding report will be sent by the + HID gadget. + + Another interesting example is the caps lock test. Type + -–caps-lock and hit return. A report is then sent by the + gadget and you should receive the host answer, corresponding + to the caps lock LED status. + + --caps-lock + recv report:2 + + With this command: + + # hid_gadget_test /dev/hidg1 mouse + + You can test the mouse emulation. Values are two signed numbers. + + +Sample code + +/* hid_gadget_test */ + +#include <pthread.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <ctype.h> +#include <fcntl.h> +#include <errno.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <unistd.h> + +#define BUF_LEN 512 + +struct options { + const char *opt; + unsigned char val; +}; + +static struct options kmod[] = { + {.opt = "--left-ctrl", .val = 0x01}, + {.opt = "--right-ctrl", .val = 0x10}, + {.opt = "--left-shift", .val = 0x02}, + {.opt = "--right-shift", .val = 0x20}, + {.opt = "--left-alt", .val = 0x04}, + {.opt = "--right-alt", .val = 0x40}, + {.opt = "--left-meta", .val = 0x08}, + {.opt = "--right-meta", .val = 0x80}, + {.opt = NULL} +}; + +static struct options kval[] = { + {.opt = "--return", .val = 0x28}, + {.opt = "--esc", .val = 0x29}, + {.opt = "--bckspc", .val = 0x2a}, + {.opt = "--tab", .val = 0x2b}, + {.opt = "--spacebar", .val = 0x2c}, + {.opt = "--caps-lock", .val = 0x39}, + {.opt = "--f1", .val = 0x3a}, + {.opt = "--f2", .val = 0x3b}, + {.opt = "--f3", .val = 0x3c}, + {.opt = "--f4", .val = 0x3d}, + {.opt = "--f5", .val = 0x3e}, + {.opt = "--f6", .val = 0x3f}, + {.opt = "--f7", .val = 0x40}, + {.opt = "--f8", .val = 0x41}, + {.opt = "--f9", .val = 0x42}, + {.opt = "--f10", .val = 0x43}, + {.opt = "--f11", .val = 0x44}, + {.opt = "--f12", .val = 0x45}, + {.opt = "--insert", .val = 0x49}, + {.opt = "--home", .val = 0x4a}, + {.opt = "--pageup", .val = 0x4b}, + {.opt = "--del", .val = 0x4c}, + {.opt = "--end", .val = 0x4d}, + {.opt = "--pagedown", .val = 0x4e}, + {.opt = "--right", .val = 0x4f}, + {.opt = "--left", .val = 0x50}, + {.opt = "--down", .val = 0x51}, + {.opt = "--kp-enter", .val = 0x58}, + {.opt = "--up", .val = 0x52}, + {.opt = "--num-lock", .val = 0x53}, + {.opt = NULL} +}; + +int keyboard_fill_report(char report[8], char buf[BUF_LEN], int *hold) +{ + char *tok = strtok(buf, " "); + int key = 0; + int i = 0; + + for (; tok != NULL; tok = strtok(NULL, " ")) { + + if (strcmp(tok, "--quit") == 0) + return -1; + + if (strcmp(tok, "--hold") == 0) { + *hold = 1; + continue; + } + + if (key < 6) { + for (i = 0; kval[i].opt != NULL; i++) + if (strcmp(tok, kval[i].opt) == 0) { + report[2 + key++] = kval[i].val; + break; + } + if (kval[i].opt != NULL) + continue; + } + + if (key < 6) + if (islower(tok[0])) { + report[2 + key++] = (tok[0] - ('a' - 0x04)); + continue; + } + + for (i = 0; kmod[i].opt != NULL; i++) + if (strcmp(tok, kmod[i].opt) == 0) { + report[0] = report[0] | kmod[i].val; + break; + } + if (kmod[i].opt != NULL) + continue; + + if (key < 6) + fprintf(stderr, "unknown option: %s\n", tok); + } + return 8; +} + +static struct options mmod[] = { + {.opt = "--b1", .val = 0x01}, + {.opt = "--b2", .val = 0x02}, + {.opt = "--b3", .val = 0x04}, + {.opt = NULL} +}; + +int mouse_fill_report(char report[8], char buf[BUF_LEN], int *hold) +{ + char *tok = strtok(buf, " "); + int mvt = 0; + int i = 0; + for (; tok != NULL; tok = strtok(NULL, " ")) { + + if (strcmp(tok, "--quit") == 0) + return -1; + + if (strcmp(tok, "--hold") == 0) { + *hold = 1; + continue; + } + + for (i = 0; mmod[i].opt != NULL; i++) + if (strcmp(tok, mmod[i].opt) == 0) { + report[0] = report[0] | mmod[i].val; + break; + } + if (mmod[i].opt != NULL) + continue; + + if (!(tok[0] == '-' && tok[1] == '-') && mvt < 2) { + errno = 0; + report[1 + mvt++] = (char)strtol(tok, NULL, 0); + if (errno != 0) { + fprintf(stderr, "Bad value:'%s'\n", tok); + report[1 + mvt--] = 0; + } + continue; + } + + fprintf(stderr, "unknown option: %s\n", tok); + } + return 3; +} + +static struct options jmod[] = { + {.opt = "--b1", .val = 0x10}, + {.opt = "--b2", .val = 0x20}, + {.opt = "--b3", .val = 0x40}, + {.opt = "--b4", .val = 0x80}, + {.opt = "--hat1", .val = 0x00}, + {.opt = "--hat2", .val = 0x01}, + {.opt = "--hat3", .val = 0x02}, + {.opt = "--hat4", .val = 0x03}, + {.opt = "--hatneutral", .val = 0x04}, + {.opt = NULL} +}; + +int joystick_fill_report(char report[8], char buf[BUF_LEN], int *hold) +{ + char *tok = strtok(buf, " "); + int mvt = 0; + int i = 0; + + *hold = 1; + + /* set default hat position: neutral */ + report[3] = 0x04; + + for (; tok != NULL; tok = strtok(NULL, " ")) { + + if (strcmp(tok, "--quit") == 0) + return -1; + + for (i = 0; jmod[i].opt != NULL; i++) + if (strcmp(tok, jmod[i].opt) == 0) { + report[3] = (report[3] & 0xF0) | jmod[i].val; + break; + } + if (jmod[i].opt != NULL) + continue; + + if (!(tok[0] == '-' && tok[1] == '-') && mvt < 3) { + errno = 0; + report[mvt++] = (char)strtol(tok, NULL, 0); + if (errno != 0) { + fprintf(stderr, "Bad value:'%s'\n", tok); + report[mvt--] = 0; + } + continue; + } + + fprintf(stderr, "unknown option: %s\n", tok); + } + return 4; +} + +void print_options(char c) +{ + int i = 0; + + if (c == 'k') { + printf(" keyboard options:\n" + " --hold\n"); + for (i = 0; kmod[i].opt != NULL; i++) + printf("\t\t%s\n", kmod[i].opt); + printf("\n keyboard values:\n" + " [a-z] or\n"); + for (i = 0; kval[i].opt != NULL; i++) + printf("\t\t%-8s%s", kval[i].opt, i % 2 ? "\n" : ""); + printf("\n"); + } else if (c == 'm') { + printf(" mouse options:\n" + " --hold\n"); + for (i = 0; mmod[i].opt != NULL; i++) + printf("\t\t%s\n", mmod[i].opt); + printf("\n mouse values:\n" + " Two signed numbers\n" + "--quit to close\n"); + } else { + printf(" joystick options:\n"); + for (i = 0; jmod[i].opt != NULL; i++) + printf("\t\t%s\n", jmod[i].opt); + printf("\n joystick values:\n" + " three signed numbers\n" + "--quit to close\n"); + } +} + +int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) +{ + const char *filename = NULL; + int fd = 0; + char buf[BUF_LEN]; + int cmd_len; + char report[8]; + int to_send = 8; + int hold = 0; + fd_set rfds; + int retval, i; + + if (argc < 3) { + fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s devname mouse|keyboard|joystick\n", + argv[0]); + return 1; + } + + if (argv[2][0] != 'k' && argv[2][0] != 'm' && argv[2][0] != 'j') + return 2; + + filename = argv[1]; + + if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDWR, 0666)) == -1) { + perror(filename); + return 3; + } + + print_options(argv[2][0]); + + while (42) { + + FD_ZERO(&rfds); + FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rfds); + FD_SET(fd, &rfds); + + retval = select(fd + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, NULL); + if (retval == -1 && errno == EINTR) + continue; + if (retval < 0) { + perror("select()"); + return 4; + } + + if (FD_ISSET(fd, &rfds)) { + cmd_len = read(fd, buf, BUF_LEN - 1); + printf("recv report:"); + for (i = 0; i < cmd_len; i++) + printf(" %02x", buf[i]); + printf("\n"); + } + + if (FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rfds)) { + memset(report, 0x0, sizeof(report)); + cmd_len = read(STDIN_FILENO, buf, BUF_LEN - 1); + + if (cmd_len == 0) + break; + + buf[cmd_len - 1] = '\0'; + hold = 0; + + memset(report, 0x0, sizeof(report)); + if (argv[2][0] == 'k') + to_send = keyboard_fill_report(report, buf, &hold); + else if (argv[2][0] == 'm') + to_send = mouse_fill_report(report, buf, &hold); + else + to_send = joystick_fill_report(report, buf, &hold); + + if (to_send == -1) + break; + + if (write(fd, report, to_send) != to_send) { + perror(filename); + return 5; + } + if (!hold) { + memset(report, 0x0, sizeof(report)); + if (write(fd, report, to_send) != to_send) { + perror(filename); + return 6; + } + } + } + } + + close(fd); + return 0; +} diff --git a/Documentation/usb/gadget_multi.txt b/Documentation/usb/gadget_multi.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..80f4ef0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/usb/gadget_multi.txt @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ + -*- org -*- + +* Overview + +The Multifunction Composite Gadget (or g_multi) is a composite gadget +that makes extensive use of the composite framework to provide +a... multifunction gadget. + +In it's standard configuration it provides a single USB configuration +with RNDIS[1] (that is Ethernet), USB CDC[2] ACM (that is serial) and +USB Mass Storage functions. + +A CDC ECM (Ethernet) function may be turned on via a Kconfig option +and RNDIS can be turned off. If they are both enabled the gadget will +have two configurations -- one with RNDIS and another with CDC ECM[3]. + +Please not that if you use non-standard configuration (that is enable +CDC ECM) you may need to change vendor and/or product ID. + +* Host drivers + +To make use of the gadget one needs to make it work on host side -- +without that there's no hope of achieving anything with the gadget. +As one might expect, things one need to do very from system to system. + +** Linux host drivers + +Since the gadget uses standard composite framework and appears as such +to Linux host it does not need any additional drivers on Linux host +side. All the functions are handled by respective drivers developed +for them. + +This is also true for two configuration set-up with RNDIS +configuration being the first one. Linux host will use the second +configuration with CDC ECM which should work better under Linux. + +** Windows host drivers + +For the gadget two work under Windows two conditions have to be met: + +*** Detecting as composite gadget + +First of all, Windows need to detect the gadget as an USB composite +gadget which on its own have some conditions[4]. If they are met, +Windows lets USB Generic Parent Driver[5] handle the device which then +tries to much drivers for each individual interface (sort of, don't +get into too many details). + +The good news is: you do not have to worry about most of the +conditions! + +The only thing to worry is that the gadget has to have a single +configuration so a dual RNDIS and CDC ECM gadget won't work unless you +create a proper INF -- and of course, if you do submit it! + +*** Installing drivers for each function + +The other, trickier thing is making Windows install drivers for each +individual function. + +For mass storage it is trivial since Windows detect it's an interface +implementing USB Mass Storage class and selects appropriate driver. + +Things are harder with RDNIS and CDC ACM. + +**** RNDIS + +To make Windows select RNDIS drivers for the first function in the +gadget, one needs to use the [[file:linux.inf]] file provided with this +document. It "attaches" Window's RNDIS driver to the first interface +of the gadget. + +Please note, that while testing we encountered some issues[6] when +RNDIS was not the first interface. You do not need to worry abut it +unless you are trying to develop your own gadget in which case watch +out for this bug. + +**** CDC ACM + +Similarly, [[file:linux-cdc-acm.inf]] is provided for CDC ACM. + +**** Customising the gadget + +If you intend to hack the g_multi gadget be advised that rearranging +functions will obviously change interface numbers for each of the +functionality. As an effect provided INFs won't work since they have +interface numbers hard-coded in them (it's not hard to change those +though[7]). + +This also means, that after experimenting with g_multi and changing +provided functions one should change gadget's vendor and/or product ID +so there will be no collision with other customised gadgets or the +original gadget. + +Failing to comply may cause brain damage after wondering for hours why +things don't work as intended before realising Windows have cached +some drivers information (changing USB port may sometimes help plus +you might try using USBDeview[8] to remove the phantom device). + +**** INF testing + +Provided INF files have been tested on Windows XP SP3, Windows Vista +and Windows 7, all 32-bit versions. It should work on 64-bit versions +as well. It most likely won't work on Windows prior to Windows XP +SP2. + +** Other systems + +At this moment, drivers for any other systems have not been tested. +Knowing how MacOS is based on BSD and BSD is an Open Source it is +believed that it should (read: "I have no idea whether it will") work +out-of-the-box. + +For more exotic systems I have even less to say... + +Any testing and drivers *are* *welcome*! + +* Authors + +This document has been written by Michal Nazarewicz +([[mailto:mina86@mina86.com]]). INF files have been hacked with +support of Marek Szyprowski ([[mailto:m.szyprowski@samsung.com]]) and +Xiaofan Chen ([[mailto:xiaofanc@gmail.com]]) basing on the MS RNDIS +template[9], Microchip's CDC ACM INF file and David Brownell's +([[mailto:dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net]]) original INF files. + +* Footnotes + +[1] Remote Network Driver Interface Specification, +[[http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee484414.aspx]]. + +[2] Communications Device Class Abstract Control Model, spec for this +and other USB classes can be found at +[[http://www.usb.org/developers/devclass_docs/]]. + +[3] CDC Ethernet Control Model. + +[4] [[http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff537109(v=VS.85).aspx]] + +[5] [[http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff539234(v=VS.85).aspx]] + +[6] To put it in some other nice words, Windows failed to respond to +any user input. + +[7] You may find [[http://www.cygnal.org/ubb/Forum9/HTML/001050.html]] +useful. + +[8] http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/usb_devices_view.html + +[9] [[http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff570620.aspx]] diff --git a/Documentation/usb/gadget_serial.txt b/Documentation/usb/gadget_serial.txt index eac7df9..61e67f6 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/gadget_serial.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/gadget_serial.txt @@ -151,88 +151,23 @@ instructions below to install the host side driver. Installing the Windows Host ACM Driver -------------------------------------- -To use the Windows ACM driver you must have the files "gserial.inf" -and "usbser.sys" together in a folder on the Windows machine. - -The "gserial.inf" file is given here. - --------------------- CUT HERE -------------------- -[Version] -Signature="$Windows NT$" -Class=Ports -ClassGuid={4D36E978-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318} -Provider=%LINUX% -DriverVer=08/17/2004,0.0.2.0 -; Copyright (C) 2004 Al Borchers (alborchers@steinerpoint.com) - -[Manufacturer] -%LINUX%=GSerialDeviceList - -[GSerialDeviceList] -%GSERIAL%=GSerialInstall, USB\VID_0525&PID_A4A7 - -[DestinationDirs] -DefaultDestDir=10,System32\Drivers - -[GSerialInstall] -CopyFiles=GSerialCopyFiles -AddReg=GSerialAddReg - -[GSerialCopyFiles] -usbser.sys - -[GSerialAddReg] -HKR,,DevLoader,,*ntkern -HKR,,NTMPDriver,,usbser.sys -HKR,,EnumPropPages32,,"MsPorts.dll,SerialPortPropPageProvider" - -[GSerialInstall.Services] -AddService = usbser,0x0002,GSerialService - -[GSerialService] -DisplayName = %GSERIAL_DISPLAY_NAME% -ServiceType = 1 ; SERVICE_KERNEL_DRIVER -StartType = 3 ; SERVICE_DEMAND_START -ErrorControl = 1 ; SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL -ServiceBinary = %10%\System32\Drivers\usbser.sys -LoadOrderGroup = Base - -[Strings] -LINUX = "Linux" -GSERIAL = "Gadget Serial" -GSERIAL_DISPLAY_NAME = "USB Gadget Serial Driver" --------------------- CUT HERE -------------------- - -The "usbser.sys" file comes with various versions of Windows. -For example, it can be found on Windows XP typically in - - C:\WINDOWS\Driver Cache\i386\driver.cab - -Or it can be found on the Windows 98SE CD in the "win98" folder -in the "DRIVER11.CAB" through "DRIVER20.CAB" cab files. You will -need the DOS "expand" program, the Cygwin "cabextract" program, or -a similar program to unpack these cab files and extract "usbser.sys". - -For example, to extract "usbser.sys" into the current directory -on Windows XP, open a DOS window and run a command like - - expand C:\WINDOWS\Driver~1\i386\driver.cab -F:usbser.sys . - -(Thanks to Nishant Kamat for pointing out this DOS command.) +To use the Windows ACM driver you must have the "linux-cdc-acm.inf" +file (provided along this document) which supports all recent versions +of Windows. When the gadget serial driver is loaded and the USB device connected to the Windows host with a USB cable, Windows should recognize the gadget serial device and ask for a driver. Tell Windows to find the -driver in the folder that contains "gserial.inf" and "usbser.sys". +driver in the folder that contains the "linux-cdc-acm.inf" file. For example, on Windows XP, when the gadget serial device is first plugged in, the "Found New Hardware Wizard" starts up. Select -"Install from a list or specific location (Advanced)", then on -the next screen select "Include this location in the search" and -enter the path or browse to the folder containing "gserial.inf" and -"usbser.sys". Windows will complain that the Gadget Serial driver -has not passed Windows Logo testing, but select "Continue anyway" -and finish the driver installation. +"Install from a list or specific location (Advanced)", then on the +next screen select "Include this location in the search" and enter the +path or browse to the folder containing the "linux-cdc-acm.inf" file. +Windows will complain that the Gadget Serial driver has not passed +Windows Logo testing, but select "Continue anyway" and finish the +driver installation. On Windows XP, in the "Device Manager" (under "Control Panel", "System", "Hardware") expand the "Ports (COM & LPT)" entry and you @@ -345,5 +280,3 @@ you should be able to send data back and forth between the gadget side and host side systems. Anything you type on the terminal window on the gadget side should appear in the terminal window on the host side and vice versa. - - diff --git a/Documentation/usb/hotplug.txt b/Documentation/usb/hotplug.txt index f531706..4c94571 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/hotplug.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/hotplug.txt @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ immediately usable. That means the system must do many things, including: - Bind a driver to that device. Bus frameworks do that using a device driver's probe() routine. - + - Tell other subsystems to configure the new device. Print queues may need to be enabled, networks brought up, disk partitions mounted, and so on. In some cases these will @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ USB MODUTILS SUPPORT Current versions of module-init-tools will create a "modules.usbmap" file which contains the entries from each driver's MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE. Such files can be used by various user mode policy agents to make sure all the -right driver modules get loaded, either at boot time or later. +right driver modules get loaded, either at boot time or later. See <linux/usb.h> for full information about such table entries; or look at existing drivers. Each table entry describes one or more criteria to diff --git a/Documentation/usb/linux-cdc-acm.inf b/Documentation/usb/linux-cdc-acm.inf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..612e722 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/usb/linux-cdc-acm.inf @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +; Windows USB CDC ACM Setup File + +; Based on INF template which was: +; Copyright (c) 2000 Microsoft Corporation +; Copyright (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. +; likely to be covered by the MLPL as found at: +; <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/cc300389.aspx#MLPL>. +; For use only on Windows operating systems. + +[Version] +Signature="$Windows NT$" +Class=Ports +ClassGuid={4D36E978-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318} +Provider=%Linux% +DriverVer=11/15/2007,5.1.2600.0 + +[Manufacturer] +%Linux%=DeviceList, NTamd64 + +[DestinationDirs] +DefaultDestDir=12 + + +;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +; Windows 2000/XP/Vista-32bit Sections +;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +[DriverInstall.nt] +include=mdmcpq.inf +CopyFiles=DriverCopyFiles.nt +AddReg=DriverInstall.nt.AddReg + +[DriverCopyFiles.nt] +usbser.sys,,,0x20 + +[DriverInstall.nt.AddReg] +HKR,,DevLoader,,*ntkern +HKR,,NTMPDriver,,USBSER.sys +HKR,,EnumPropPages32,,"MsPorts.dll,SerialPortPropPageProvider" + +[DriverInstall.nt.Services] +AddService=usbser, 0x00000002, DriverService.nt + +[DriverService.nt] +DisplayName=%SERVICE% +ServiceType=1 +StartType=3 +ErrorControl=1 +ServiceBinary=%12%\USBSER.sys + +;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +; Vista-64bit Sections +;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +[DriverInstall.NTamd64] +include=mdmcpq.inf +CopyFiles=DriverCopyFiles.NTamd64 +AddReg=DriverInstall.NTamd64.AddReg + +[DriverCopyFiles.NTamd64] +USBSER.sys,,,0x20 + +[DriverInstall.NTamd64.AddReg] +HKR,,DevLoader,,*ntkern +HKR,,NTMPDriver,,USBSER.sys +HKR,,EnumPropPages32,,"MsPorts.dll,SerialPortPropPageProvider" + +[DriverInstall.NTamd64.Services] +AddService=usbser, 0x00000002, DriverService.NTamd64 + +[DriverService.NTamd64] +DisplayName=%SERVICE% +ServiceType=1 +StartType=3 +ErrorControl=1 +ServiceBinary=%12%\USBSER.sys + + +;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +; Vendor and Product ID Definitions +;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +; When developing your USB device, the VID and PID used in the PC side +; application program and the firmware on the microcontroller must match. +; Modify the below line to use your VID and PID. Use the format as shown +; below. +; Note: One INF file can be used for multiple devices with different +; VID and PIDs. For each supported device, append +; ",USB\VID_xxxx&PID_yyyy" to the end of the line. +;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +[SourceDisksFiles] +[SourceDisksNames] +[DeviceList] +%DESCRIPTION%=DriverInstall, USB\VID_0525&PID_A4A7, USB\VID_0525&PID_A4AB&MI_02 + +[DeviceList.NTamd64] +%DESCRIPTION%=DriverInstall, USB\VID_0525&PID_A4A7, USB\VID_0525&PID_A4AB&MI_02 + + +;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +; String Definitions +;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +;Modify these strings to customize your device +;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +[Strings] +Linux = "Linux Developer Community" +DESCRIPTION = "Gadget Serial" +SERVICE = "USB RS-232 Emulation Driver" diff --git a/Documentation/usb/linux.inf b/Documentation/usb/linux.inf index 2f7217d..4dee958 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/linux.inf +++ b/Documentation/usb/linux.inf @@ -1,200 +1,66 @@ -; MS-Windows driver config matching some basic modes of the -; Linux-USB Ethernet/RNDIS gadget firmware: -; -; - RNDIS plus CDC Ethernet ... this may be familiar as a DOCSIS -; cable modem profile, and supports most non-Microsoft USB hosts -; -; - RNDIS plus CDC Subset ... used by hardware that incapable of -; full CDC Ethernet support. -; -; Microsoft only directly supports RNDIS drivers, and bundled them into XP. -; The Microsoft "Remote NDIS USB Driver Kit" is currently found at: -; http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/hwdev/resources/HWservices/rndis.mspx - +; Based on template INF file found at +; <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff570620.aspx> +; which was: +; Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation +; and released under the MLPL as found at: +; <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/cc300389.aspx#MLPL>. +; For use only on Windows operating systems. [Version] -Signature = "$CHICAGO$" +Signature = "$Windows NT$" Class = Net ClassGUID = {4d36e972-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318} Provider = %Linux% -Compatible = 1 -MillenniumPreferred = .ME -DriverVer = 03/30/2004,0.0.0.0 -; catalog file would be used by WHQL -;CatalogFile = Linux.cat +DriverVer = 06/21/2006,6.0.6000.16384 [Manufacturer] -%Linux% = LinuxDevices,NT.5.1 +%Linux% = LinuxDevices,NTx86,NTamd64,NTia64 + +; Decoration for x86 architecture +[LinuxDevices.NTx86] +%LinuxDevice% = RNDIS.NT.5.1, USB\VID_0525&PID_a4a2, USB\VID_0525&PID_a4ab&MI_00 -[LinuxDevices] -; NetChip IDs, used by both firmware modes -%LinuxDevice% = RNDIS, USB\VID_0525&PID_a4a2 +; Decoration for x64 architecture +[LinuxDevices.NTamd64] +%LinuxDevice% = RNDIS.NT.5.1, USB\VID_0525&PID_a4a2, USB\VID_0525&PID_a4ab&MI_00 -[LinuxDevices.NT.5.1] -%LinuxDevice% = RNDIS.NT.5.1, USB\VID_0525&PID_a4a2 +; Decoration for ia64 architecture +[LinuxDevices.NTia64] +%LinuxDevice% = RNDIS.NT.5.1, USB\VID_0525&PID_a4a2, USB\VID_0525&PID_a4ab&MI_00 +;@@@ This is the common setting for setup [ControlFlags] ExcludeFromSelect=* -; Windows 98, Windows 98 Second Edition specific sections -------- - -[RNDIS] -DeviceID = usb8023 -MaxInstance = 512 -DriverVer = 03/30/2004,0.0.0.0 -AddReg = RNDIS_AddReg_98, RNDIS_AddReg_Common - -[RNDIS_AddReg_98] -HKR, , DevLoader, 0, *ndis -HKR, , DeviceVxDs, 0, usb8023.sys -HKR, NDIS, LogDriverName, 0, "usb8023" -HKR, NDIS, MajorNdisVersion, 1, 5 -HKR, NDIS, MinorNdisVersion, 1, 0 -HKR, Ndi\Interfaces, DefUpper, 0, "ndis3,ndis4,ndis5" -HKR, Ndi\Interfaces, DefLower, 0, "ethernet" -HKR, Ndi\Interfaces, UpperRange, 0, "ndis3,ndis4,ndis5" -HKR, Ndi\Interfaces, LowerRange, 0, "ethernet" -HKR, Ndi\Install, ndis3, 0, "RNDIS_Install_98" -HKR, Ndi\Install, ndis4, 0, "RNDIS_Install_98" -HKR, Ndi\Install, ndis5, 0, "RNDIS_Install_98" -HKR, Ndi, DeviceId, 0, "USB\VID_0525&PID_a4a2" - -[RNDIS_Install_98] -CopyFiles=RNDIS_CopyFiles_98 - -[RNDIS_CopyFiles_98] -usb8023.sys, usb8023w.sys, , 0 -rndismp.sys, rndismpw.sys, , 0 - -; Windows Millennium Edition specific sections -------------------- - -[RNDIS.ME] -DeviceID = usb8023 -MaxInstance = 512 -DriverVer = 03/30/2004,0.0.0.0 -AddReg = RNDIS_AddReg_ME, RNDIS_AddReg_Common -Characteristics = 0x84 ; NCF_PHYSICAL + NCF_HAS_UI -BusType = 15 - -[RNDIS_AddReg_ME] -HKR, , DevLoader, 0, *ndis -HKR, , DeviceVxDs, 0, usb8023.sys -HKR, NDIS, LogDriverName, 0, "usb8023" -HKR, NDIS, MajorNdisVersion, 1, 5 -HKR, NDIS, MinorNdisVersion, 1, 0 -HKR, Ndi\Interfaces, DefUpper, 0, "ndis3,ndis4,ndis5" -HKR, Ndi\Interfaces, DefLower, 0, "ethernet" -HKR, Ndi\Interfaces, UpperRange, 0, "ndis3,ndis4,ndis5" -HKR, Ndi\Interfaces, LowerRange, 0, "ethernet" -HKR, Ndi\Install, ndis3, 0, "RNDIS_Install_ME" -HKR, Ndi\Install, ndis4, 0, "RNDIS_Install_ME" -HKR, Ndi\Install, ndis5, 0, "RNDIS_Install_ME" -HKR, Ndi, DeviceId, 0, "USB\VID_0525&PID_a4a2" - -[RNDIS_Install_ME] -CopyFiles=RNDIS_CopyFiles_ME - -[RNDIS_CopyFiles_ME] -usb8023.sys, usb8023m.sys, , 0 -rndismp.sys, rndismpm.sys, , 0 - -; Windows 2000 specific sections --------------------------------- - -[RNDIS.NT] -Characteristics = 0x84 ; NCF_PHYSICAL + NCF_HAS_UI -BusType = 15 -DriverVer = 03/30/2004,0.0.0.0 -AddReg = RNDIS_AddReg_NT, RNDIS_AddReg_Common -CopyFiles = RNDIS_CopyFiles_NT - -[RNDIS.NT.Services] -AddService = USB_RNDIS, 2, RNDIS_ServiceInst_NT, RNDIS_EventLog - -[RNDIS_CopyFiles_NT] -; no rename of files on Windows 2000, use the 'k' names as is -usb8023k.sys, , , 0 -rndismpk.sys, , , 0 - -[RNDIS_ServiceInst_NT] -DisplayName = %ServiceDisplayName% -ServiceType = 1 -StartType = 3 -ErrorControl = 1 -ServiceBinary = %12%\usb8023k.sys -LoadOrderGroup = NDIS -AddReg = RNDIS_WMI_AddReg_NT - -[RNDIS_WMI_AddReg_NT] -HKR, , MofImagePath, 0x00020000, "System32\drivers\rndismpk.sys" - -; Windows XP specific sections ----------------------------------- - +; DDInstall section +; References the in-build Netrndis.inf [RNDIS.NT.5.1] -Characteristics = 0x84 ; NCF_PHYSICAL + NCF_HAS_UI -BusType = 15 -DriverVer = 03/30/2004,0.0.0.0 -AddReg = RNDIS_AddReg_NT, RNDIS_AddReg_Common -; no copyfiles - the files are already in place - +Characteristics = 0x84 ; NCF_PHYSICAL + NCF_HAS_UI +BusType = 15 +; NEVER REMOVE THE FOLLOWING REFERENCE FOR NETRNDIS.INF +include = netrndis.inf +needs = Usb_Rndis.ndi +AddReg = Rndis_AddReg_Vista + +; DDInstal.Services section [RNDIS.NT.5.1.Services] -AddService = USB_RNDIS, 2, RNDIS_ServiceInst_51, RNDIS_EventLog - -[RNDIS_ServiceInst_51] -DisplayName = %ServiceDisplayName% -ServiceType = 1 -StartType = 3 -ErrorControl = 1 -ServiceBinary = %12%\usb8023.sys -LoadOrderGroup = NDIS -AddReg = RNDIS_WMI_AddReg_51 - -[RNDIS_WMI_AddReg_51] -HKR, , MofImagePath, 0x00020000, "System32\drivers\rndismp.sys" - -; Windows 2000 and Windows XP common sections -------------------- - -[RNDIS_AddReg_NT] -HKR, Ndi, Service, 0, "USB_RNDIS" -HKR, Ndi\Interfaces, UpperRange, 0, "ndis5" -HKR, Ndi\Interfaces, LowerRange, 0, "ethernet" - -[RNDIS_EventLog] -AddReg = RNDIS_EventLog_AddReg - -[RNDIS_EventLog_AddReg] -HKR, , EventMessageFile, 0x00020000, "%%SystemRoot%%\System32\netevent.dll" -HKR, , TypesSupported, 0x00010001, 7 - -; Common Sections ------------------------------------------------- - -[RNDIS_AddReg_Common] -HKR, NDI\params\NetworkAddress, ParamDesc, 0, %NetworkAddress% -HKR, NDI\params\NetworkAddress, type, 0, "edit" -HKR, NDI\params\NetworkAddress, LimitText, 0, "12" -HKR, NDI\params\NetworkAddress, UpperCase, 0, "1" -HKR, NDI\params\NetworkAddress, default, 0, " " -HKR, NDI\params\NetworkAddress, optional, 0, "1" - -[SourceDisksNames] -1=%SourceDisk%,,1 - -[SourceDisksFiles] -usb8023m.sys=1 -rndismpm.sys=1 -usb8023w.sys=1 -rndismpw.sys=1 -usb8023k.sys=1 -rndismpk.sys=1 - -[DestinationDirs] -RNDIS_CopyFiles_98 = 10, system32/drivers -RNDIS_CopyFiles_ME = 10, system32/drivers -RNDIS_CopyFiles_NT = 12 +include = netrndis.inf +needs = Usb_Rndis.ndi.Services + +; Optional registry settings. You can modify as needed. +[RNDIS_AddReg_Vista] +HKR, NDI\params\VistaProperty, ParamDesc, 0, %Vista_Property% +HKR, NDI\params\VistaProperty, type, 0, "edit" +HKR, NDI\params\VistaProperty, LimitText, 0, "12" +HKR, NDI\params\VistaProperty, UpperCase, 0, "1" +HKR, NDI\params\VistaProperty, default, 0, " " +HKR, NDI\params\VistaProperty, optional, 0, "1" + +; No sys copyfiles - the sys files are already in-build +; (part of the operating system). +; We do not support XP SP1-, 2003 SP1-, ME, 9x. [Strings] -ServiceDisplayName = "USB Remote NDIS Network Device Driver" -NetworkAddress = "Network Address" Linux = "Linux Developer Community" LinuxDevice = "Linux USB Ethernet/RNDIS Gadget" -SourceDisk = "Ethernet/RNDIS Gadget Driver Install Disk" - +Vista_Property = "Optional Vista Property" diff --git a/Documentation/usb/mtouchusb.txt b/Documentation/usb/mtouchusb.txt index e43cfff..86302cd 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/mtouchusb.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/mtouchusb.txt @@ -54,10 +54,6 @@ generic functions like calibrations, resets, and vendor information can be requested from the userspace (And the drivers would handle the vendor specific tasks). -ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/UPDATES/X CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE: - -http://groomlakelabs.com/grandamp/code/microtouch/ - TODO: Implement a control urb again to handle requests to and from the device @@ -68,7 +64,7 @@ DISCLAIMER: I am not a MicroTouch/3M employee, nor have I ever been. 3M does not support this driver! If you want touch drivers only supported within X, please go to: -http://www.3m.com/3MTouchSystems/downloads/ +http://www.3m.com/3MTouchSystems/ THANKS: diff --git a/Documentation/usb/power-management.txt b/Documentation/usb/power-management.txt index 2790ad4..b29d8e5 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/power-management.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/power-management.txt @@ -107,7 +107,9 @@ allowed to issue dynamic suspends. The user interface for controlling dynamic PM is located in the power/ subdirectory of each USB device's sysfs directory, that is, in /sys/bus/usb/devices/.../power/ where "..." is the device's ID. The -relevant attribute files are: wakeup, level, and autosuspend. +relevant attribute files are: wakeup, control, and autosuspend. +(There may also be a file named "level"; this file was deprecated +as of the 2.6.35 kernel and replaced by the "control" file.) power/wakeup @@ -120,7 +122,7 @@ relevant attribute files are: wakeup, level, and autosuspend. while the device is suspended, the change won't take effect until the following suspend.) - power/level + power/control This file contains one of two words: "on" or "auto". You can write those words to the file to change the @@ -148,14 +150,15 @@ relevant attribute files are: wakeup, level, and autosuspend. never to autosuspend. You can write a number to the file to change the autosuspend idle-delay time. -Writing "-1" to power/autosuspend and writing "on" to power/level do +Writing "-1" to power/autosuspend and writing "on" to power/control do essentially the same thing -- they both prevent the device from being autosuspended. Yes, this is a redundancy in the API. (In 2.6.21 writing "0" to power/autosuspend would prevent the device from being autosuspended; the behavior was changed in 2.6.22. The power/autosuspend attribute did not exist prior to 2.6.21, and the -power/level attribute did not exist prior to 2.6.22.) +power/level attribute did not exist prior to 2.6.22. power/control +was added in 2.6.34.) Changing the default idle-delay time @@ -212,7 +215,7 @@ among printers and scanners, but plenty of other types of device have the same deficiency. For this reason, by default the kernel disables autosuspend (the -power/level attribute is initialized to "on") for all devices other +power/control attribute is initialized to "on") for all devices other than hubs. Hubs, at least, appear to be reasonably well-behaved in this regard. @@ -373,7 +376,7 @@ usb_autopm_put_interface() in its close or release routine. But other patterns are possible. The autosuspend attempts mentioned above will often fail for one -reason or another. For example, the power/level attribute might be +reason or another. For example, the power/control attribute might be set to "on", or another interface in the same device might not be idle. This is perfectly normal. If the reason for failure was that the device hasn't been idle for long enough, a timer is scheduled to @@ -394,12 +397,12 @@ Drivers can enable autosuspend for their devices by calling in their probe() routine, if they know that the device is capable of suspending and resuming correctly. This is exactly equivalent to -writing "auto" to the device's power/level attribute. Likewise, +writing "auto" to the device's power/control attribute. Likewise, drivers can disable autosuspend by calling usb_disable_autosuspend(struct usb_device *udev); -This is exactly the same as writing "on" to the power/level attribute. +This is exactly the same as writing "on" to the power/control attribute. Sometimes a driver needs to make sure that remote wakeup is enabled during autosuspend. For example, there's not much point diff --git a/Documentation/usb/usb-serial.txt b/Documentation/usb/usb-serial.txt index ff2c1ff..5bd7926 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/usb-serial.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/usb-serial.txt @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ HandSpring Visor, Palm USB, and Clié USB driver parameters. e.g. modprobe visor vendor=0x54c product=0x66 There is a webpage and mailing lists for this portion of the driver at: - http://usbvisor.sourceforge.net/ + http://sourceforge.net/projects/usbvisor/ For any questions or problems with this driver, please contact Greg Kroah-Hartman at greg@kroah.com @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ Keyspan USA-series Serial Adapters functionality. More information is available at: - http://misc.nu/hugh/keyspan.html + http://www.carnationsoftware.com/carnation/Keyspan.html For any questions or problems with this driver, please contact Hugh Blemings at hugh@misc.nu @@ -194,6 +194,10 @@ FTDI Single Port Serial Driver This is a single port DB-25 serial adapter. + Devices supported include: + -TripNav TN-200 USB GPS + -Navis Engineering Bureau CH-4711 USB GPS + For any questions or problems with this driver, please contact Bill Ryder. @@ -216,7 +220,7 @@ Cypress M8 CY4601 Family Serial Driver Devices supported: - -DeLorme's USB Earthmate (SiRF Star II lp arch) + -DeLorme's USB Earthmate GPS (SiRF Star II lp arch) -Cypress HID->COM RS232 adapter Note: Cypress Semiconductor claims no affiliation with the @@ -392,9 +396,10 @@ REINER SCT cyberJack pinpad/e-com USB chipcard reader Prolific PL2303 Driver This driver supports any device that has the PL2303 chip from Prolific - in it. This includes a number of single port USB to serial - converters and USB GPS devices. Devices from Aten (the UC-232) and - IO-Data work with this driver, as does the DCU-11 mobile-phone cable. + in it. This includes a number of single port USB to serial converters, + more than 70% of USB GPS devices (in 2010), and some USB UPSes. Devices + from Aten (the UC-232) and IO-Data work with this driver, as does + the DCU-11 mobile-phone cable. For any questions or problems with this driver, please contact Greg Kroah-Hartman at greg@kroah.com @@ -435,6 +440,22 @@ Winchiphead CH341 Driver For any questions or problems with this driver, please contact frank@kingswood-consulting.co.uk. +Moschip MCS7720, MCS7715 driver + + These chips are present in devices sold by various manufacturers, such as Syba + and Cables Unlimited. There may be others. The 7720 provides two serial + ports, and the 7715 provides one serial and one standard PC parallel port. + Support for the 7715's parallel port is enabled by a separate option, which + will not appear unless parallel port support is first enabled at the top-level + of the Device Drivers config menu. Currently only compatibility mode is + supported on the parallel port (no ECP/EPP). + + TODO: + - Implement ECP/EPP modes for the parallel port. + - Baud rates higher than 115200 are currently broken. + - Devices with a single serial port based on the Moschip MCS7703 may work + with this driver with a simple addition to the usb_device_id table. I + don't have one of these devices, so I can't say for sure. Generic Serial driver diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/API.html b/Documentation/video4linux/API.html index d749d41..d72fd2a 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/API.html +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/API.html @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ </tr> <tr> <td> - <a href="http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/video4linux/API/V4L2_API">V4L2 API</a> + <a href="http://v4l2spec.bytesex.org/spec-single/v4l2.html">V4L2 API</a> </td> <td>Should be used for new projects </td> diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.bttv b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.bttv index f11c583..4739d56 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.bttv +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.bttv @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ 99 -> AD-TVK503 100 -> Hercules Smart TV Stereo 101 -> Pace TV & Radio Card -102 -> IVC-200 [0000:a155,0001:a155,0002:a155,0003:a155,0100:a155,0101:a155,0102:a155,0103:a155] +102 -> IVC-200 [0000:a155,0001:a155,0002:a155,0003:a155,0100:a155,0101:a155,0102:a155,0103:a155,0800:a155,0801:a155,0802:a155,0803:a155] 103 -> Grand X-Guard / Trust 814PCI [0304:0102] 104 -> Nebula Electronics DigiTV [0071:0101] 105 -> ProVideo PV143 [aa00:1430,aa00:1431,aa00:1432,aa00:1433,aa03:1433] diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx23885 b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx23885 index 16ca030..87c4634 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx23885 +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx23885 @@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ 16 -> DVBWorld DVB-S2 2005 [0001:2005] 17 -> NetUP Dual DVB-S2 CI [1b55:2a2c] 18 -> Hauppauge WinTV-HVR1270 [0070:2211] - 19 -> Hauppauge WinTV-HVR1275 [0070:2215] - 20 -> Hauppauge WinTV-HVR1255 [0070:2251] - 21 -> Hauppauge WinTV-HVR1210 [0070:2291,0070:2295] + 19 -> Hauppauge WinTV-HVR1275 [0070:2215,0070:221d,0070:22f2] + 20 -> Hauppauge WinTV-HVR1255 [0070:2251,0070:2259,0070:22f1] + 21 -> Hauppauge WinTV-HVR1210 [0070:2291,0070:2295,0070:2299,0070:229d,0070:22f0,0070:22f3,0070:22f4,0070:22f5] 22 -> Mygica X8506 DMB-TH [14f1:8651] 23 -> Magic-Pro ProHDTV Extreme 2 [14f1:8657] 24 -> Hauppauge WinTV-HVR1850 [0070:8541] diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx88 b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx88 index 7ec3c4e..f251054 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx88 +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx88 @@ -82,3 +82,4 @@ 81 -> Leadtek WinFast DTV1800 Hybrid [107d:6654] 82 -> WinFast DTV2000 H rev. J [107d:6f2b] 83 -> Prof 7301 DVB-S/S2 [b034:3034] + 84 -> Samsung SMT 7020 DVB-S [18ac:dc00,18ac:dccd] diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.em28xx b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.em28xx index 0c166ff..5c56875 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.em28xx +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.em28xx @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 0 -> Unknown EM2800 video grabber (em2800) [eb1a:2800] - 1 -> Unknown EM2750/28xx video grabber (em2820/em2840) [eb1a:2710,eb1a:2820,eb1a:2821,eb1a:2860,eb1a:2861,eb1a:2862,eb1a:2870,eb1a:2881,eb1a:2883,eb1a:2868] + 1 -> Unknown EM2750/28xx video grabber (em2820/em2840) [eb1a:2710,eb1a:2820,eb1a:2821,eb1a:2860,eb1a:2861,eb1a:2862,eb1a:2863,eb1a:2870,eb1a:2881,eb1a:2883,eb1a:2868] 2 -> Terratec Cinergy 250 USB (em2820/em2840) [0ccd:0036] 3 -> Pinnacle PCTV USB 2 (em2820/em2840) [2304:0208] 4 -> Hauppauge WinTV USB 2 (em2820/em2840) [2040:4200,2040:4201] @@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ 26 -> Hercules Smart TV USB 2.0 (em2820/em2840) 27 -> Pinnacle PCTV USB 2 (Philips FM1216ME) (em2820/em2840) 28 -> Leadtek Winfast USB II Deluxe (em2820/em2840) + 29 -> EM2860/TVP5150 Reference Design (em2860) 30 -> Videology 20K14XUSB USB2.0 (em2820/em2840) 31 -> Usbgear VD204v9 (em2821) 32 -> Supercomp USB 2.0 TV (em2821) @@ -70,3 +71,5 @@ 72 -> Gadmei UTV330+ (em2861) 73 -> Reddo DVB-C USB TV Box (em2870) 74 -> Actionmaster/LinXcel/Digitus VC211A (em2800) + 75 -> Dikom DK300 (em2882) + 76 -> KWorld PlusTV 340U or UB435-Q (ATSC) (em2870) [1b80:a340] diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.saa7134 b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.saa7134 index b4a7670..4000c29 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.saa7134 +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.saa7134 @@ -175,3 +175,8 @@ 174 -> Asus Europa Hybrid OEM [1043:4847] 175 -> Leadtek Winfast DTV1000S [107d:6655] 176 -> Beholder BeholdTV 505 RDS [0000:5051] +177 -> Hawell HW-404M7 +178 -> Beholder BeholdTV H7 [5ace:7190] +179 -> Beholder BeholdTV A7 [5ace:7090] +180 -> Avermedia PCI M733A [1461:4155,1461:4255] +181 -> TechoTrend TT-budget T-3000 [13c2:2804] diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.tuner b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.tuner index 9b2e0dd..e67c1db 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.tuner +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.tuner @@ -82,3 +82,4 @@ tuner=81 - Partsnic (Daewoo) PTI-5NF05 tuner=82 - Philips CU1216L tuner=83 - NXP TDA18271 tuner=84 - Sony BTF-Pxn01Z +tuner=85 - Philips FQ1236 MK5 diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/CQcam.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/CQcam.txt index d230878e..8977e7c 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/CQcam.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/CQcam.txt @@ -203,11 +203,11 @@ The V4L2 API spec: http://v4l2spec.bytesex.org/ Some web pages about the quickcams: - http://www.dkfz-heidelberg.de/Macromol/wedemann/mini-HOWTO-cqcam.html + http://www.pingouin-land.com/howto/QuickCam-HOWTO.html http://www.crynwr.com/qcpc/ QuickCam Third-Party Drivers http://www.crynwr.com/qcpc/re.html Some Reverse Engineering - http://cse.unl.edu/~cluening/gqcam/ v4l client + http://www.wirelesscouch.net/software/gqcam/ v4l client http://phobos.illtel.denver.co.us/pub/qcread/ doesn't use v4l ftp://ftp.cs.unm.edu/pub/chris/quickcam/ Has lots of drivers http://www.cs.duke.edu/~reynolds/quickcam/ Has lots of information diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/README.cpia b/Documentation/video4linux/README.cpia index 19cd3bf..8a747fe 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/README.cpia +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/README.cpia @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ THANKS (in no particular order): --------------------------------------------------------------------------- REFERENCES - 1. http://www.risc.uni-linz.ac.at/people/ppregler + 1. http://www.risc.uni-linz.ac.at/ mailto:Peter_Pregler@email.com 2. see the file COPYING in the top directory of the kernel tree 3. http://webcam.sourceforge.net/ diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/README.ivtv b/Documentation/video4linux/README.ivtv index 73df22c..42b0668 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/README.ivtv +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/README.ivtv @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Hauppauge PVR-350. NOTE: this driver requires the latest encoder firmware (version 2.06.039, size 376836 bytes). Get the firmware from here: -http://dl.ivtvdriver.org/ivtv/firmware/firmware.tar.gz +http://dl.ivtvdriver.org/ivtv/firmware/ NOTE: 'normal' TV applications do not work with this driver, you need an application that can handle MPEG input such as mplayer, xine, MythTV, diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/Zoran b/Documentation/video4linux/Zoran index 0e89e76..00e3f92 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/Zoran +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/Zoran @@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ and is used in Argentinia, Uruguay, an a few others We do not talk about how the audio is broadcast ! A rather good sites about the TV standards are: -http://www.sony.jp/ServiceArea/Voltage_map/ +http://www.sony.jp/support/ http://info.electronicwerkstatt.de/bereiche/fernsehtechnik/frequenzen_und_normen/Fernsehnormen/ and http://www.cabl.com/restaurant/channel.html @@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ These extensions are known as the v4l/mjpeg extensions. See zoran.h for details (structs/ioctls). Information - video4linux: -http://roadrunner.swansea.linux.org.uk/v4lapi.shtml +http://linux.bytesex.org/v4l2/API.html Documentation/video4linux/API.html /usr/include/linux/videodev.h @@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ BUZIOC_G_STATUS Get the status of the input lines (video source connected/norm). For programming example, please, look at lavrec.c and lavplay.c code in -lavtools-1.2p2 package (URL: http://www.cicese.mx/~mirsev/DC10plus/) +lavtools-1.2p2 package (URL: http://www.cicese.mx/) and the 'examples' directory in the original Buz driver distribution. Additional notes for software developers: diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Cards b/Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Cards index d338965..12217fc 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Cards +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Cards @@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ Kworld (www.kworld.com.tw) -JTT/ Justy Corp.http://www.justy.co.jp/ (www.jtt.com.jp website down) +JTT/ Justy Corp.(http://www.jtt.ne.jp/) --------------------------------------------------------------------- JTT-02 (JTT TV) "TV watchmate pro" (bt848) @@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ Eline www.eline-net.com/ Eline Vision TVMaster / TVMaster FM (ELV-TVM/ ELV-TVM-FM) = LR26 (bt878) Eline Vision TVMaster-2000 (ELV-TVM-2000, ELV-TVM-2000-FM)= LR138 (saa713x) -Spirit http://www.spiritmodems.com.au/ +Spirit ------ Spirit TV Tuner/Video Capture Card (bt848) @@ -959,6 +959,6 @@ Asus www.asuscom.com Hoontech -------- -http://www.hoontech.com/korean/download/down_driver_list03.html +http://www.hoontech.de/ HART Vision 848 (H-ART Vision 848) HART Vision 878 (H-Art Vision 878) diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/bttv/MAKEDEV b/Documentation/video4linux/bttv/MAKEDEV index 6c29ba4..9d112f7 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/bttv/MAKEDEV +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/bttv/MAKEDEV @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ function makedev () { ln -s /dev/${1}0 /dev/$1 } -# see http://roadrunner.swansea.uk.linux.org/v4lapi.shtml +# see http://linux.bytesex.org/v4l2/API.html echo "*** new device names ***" makedev video 0 diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Specs b/Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Specs index 79b9e57..f32466c 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Specs +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Specs @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ Philips http://www.Semiconductors.COM/pip/ -Conexant http://www.conexant.com/techinfo/default.asp -Micronas http://www.micronas.de/pages/product_documentation/index.html +Conexant http://www.conexant.com/ +Micronas http://www.micronas.com/en/home/index.html diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/cx88/hauppauge-wintv-cx88-ir.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/cx88/hauppauge-wintv-cx88-ir.txt index faccee6..f4329a3 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/cx88/hauppauge-wintv-cx88-ir.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/cx88/hauppauge-wintv-cx88-ir.txt @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc2817.pdf This data sheet (google search) seems to have a lovely description of the RC5 basics -http://users.pandora.be/nenya/electronics/rc5/ and more data +http://www.nenya.be/beor/electronics/rc5.htm and more data http://www.ee.washington.edu/circuit_archive/text/ir_decode.txt and even a reference to how to decode a bi-phase data stream. diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/extract_xc3028.pl b/Documentation/video4linux/extract_xc3028.pl index 2cb8160..47877de 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/extract_xc3028.pl +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/extract_xc3028.pl @@ -5,12 +5,18 @@ # # In order to use, you need to: # 1) Download the windows driver with something like: +# Version 2.4 +# wget http://www.twinhan.com/files/AW/BDA T/20080303_V1.0.6.7.zip +# or wget http://www.stefanringel.de/pub/20080303_V1.0.6.7.zip +# Version 2.7 # wget http://www.steventoth.net/linux/xc5000/HVR-12x0-14x0-17x0_1_25_25271_WHQL.zip -# 2) Extract the file hcw85bda.sys from the zip into the current dir: +# 2) Extract the files from the zip into the current dir: +# unzip -j 20080303_V1.0.6.7.zip 20080303_v1.0.6.7/UDXTTM6000.sys # unzip -j HVR-12x0-14x0-17x0_1_25_25271_WHQL.zip Driver85/hcw85bda.sys # 3) run the script: # ./extract_xc3028.pl -# 4) copy the generated file: +# 4) copy the generated files: +# cp xc3028-v24.fw /lib/firmware # cp xc3028-v27.fw /lib/firmware #use strict; @@ -135,7 +141,7 @@ sub write_hunk_fix_endian($$) } } -sub main_firmware($$$$) +sub main_firmware_24($$$$) { my $out; my $j=0; @@ -146,8 +152,774 @@ sub main_firmware($$$$) for ($j = length($name); $j <32; $j++) { $name = $name.chr(0); + } + + open OUTFILE, ">$outfile"; + syswrite(OUTFILE, $name); + write_le16($version); + write_le16($nr_desc); + + # + # Firmware 0, type: BASE FW F8MHZ (0x00000003), id: (0000000000000000), size: 6635 + # + + write_le32(0x00000003); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le32(6635); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(257752, 6635); + + # + # Firmware 1, type: BASE FW F8MHZ MTS (0x00000007), id: (0000000000000000), size: 6635 + # + + write_le32(0x00000007); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le32(6635); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(264392, 6635); + + # + # Firmware 2, type: BASE FW FM (0x00000401), id: (0000000000000000), size: 6525 + # + + write_le32(0x00000401); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le32(6525); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(271040, 6525); + + # + # Firmware 3, type: BASE FW FM INPUT1 (0x00000c01), id: (0000000000000000), size: 6539 + # + + write_le32(0x00000c01); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le32(6539); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(277568, 6539); + + # + # Firmware 4, type: BASE FW (0x00000001), id: (0000000000000000), size: 6633 + # + + write_le32(0x00000001); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le32(6633); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(284120, 6633); + + # + # Firmware 5, type: BASE FW MTS (0x00000005), id: (0000000000000000), size: 6617 + # + + write_le32(0x00000005); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le32(6617); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(290760, 6617); + + # + # Firmware 6, type: STD FW (0x00000000), id: PAL/BG A2/A (0000000100000007), size: 161 + # + + write_le32(0x00000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000001, 0x00000007); # ID + write_le32(161); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(297384, 161); + + # + # Firmware 7, type: STD FW MTS (0x00000004), id: PAL/BG A2/A (0000000100000007), size: 169 + # + + write_le32(0x00000004); # Type + write_le64(0x00000001, 0x00000007); # ID + write_le32(169); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(297552, 169); + + # + # Firmware 8, type: STD FW (0x00000000), id: PAL/BG A2/B (0000000200000007), size: 161 + # + + write_le32(0x00000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000002, 0x00000007); # ID + write_le32(161); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(297728, 161); + + # + # Firmware 9, type: STD FW MTS (0x00000004), id: PAL/BG A2/B (0000000200000007), size: 169 + # + + write_le32(0x00000004); # Type + write_le64(0x00000002, 0x00000007); # ID + write_le32(169); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(297896, 169); + + # + # Firmware 10, type: STD FW (0x00000000), id: PAL/BG NICAM/A (0000000400000007), size: 161 + # + + write_le32(0x00000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000004, 0x00000007); # ID + write_le32(161); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(298072, 161); + + # + # Firmware 11, type: STD FW MTS (0x00000004), id: PAL/BG NICAM/A (0000000400000007), size: 169 + # + + write_le32(0x00000004); # Type + write_le64(0x00000004, 0x00000007); # ID + write_le32(169); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(298240, 169); + + # + # Firmware 12, type: STD FW (0x00000000), id: PAL/BG NICAM/B (0000000800000007), size: 161 + # + + write_le32(0x00000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000008, 0x00000007); # ID + write_le32(161); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(298416, 161); + + # + # Firmware 13, type: STD FW MTS (0x00000004), id: PAL/BG NICAM/B (0000000800000007), size: 169 + # + + write_le32(0x00000004); # Type + write_le64(0x00000008, 0x00000007); # ID + write_le32(169); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(298584, 169); + + # + # Firmware 14, type: STD FW (0x00000000), id: PAL/DK A2 (00000003000000e0), size: 161 + # + + write_le32(0x00000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000003, 0x000000e0); # ID + write_le32(161); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(298760, 161); + + # + # Firmware 15, type: STD FW MTS (0x00000004), id: PAL/DK A2 (00000003000000e0), size: 169 + # + + write_le32(0x00000004); # Type + write_le64(0x00000003, 0x000000e0); # ID + write_le32(169); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(298928, 169); + + # + # Firmware 16, type: STD FW (0x00000000), id: PAL/DK NICAM (0000000c000000e0), size: 161 + # + + write_le32(0x00000000); # Type + write_le64(0x0000000c, 0x000000e0); # ID + write_le32(161); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(299104, 161); + + # + # Firmware 17, type: STD FW MTS (0x00000004), id: PAL/DK NICAM (0000000c000000e0), size: 169 + # + + write_le32(0x00000004); # Type + write_le64(0x0000000c, 0x000000e0); # ID + write_le32(169); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(299272, 169); + + # + # Firmware 18, type: STD FW (0x00000000), id: SECAM/K1 (0000000000200000), size: 161 + # + + write_le32(0x00000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00200000); # ID + write_le32(161); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(299448, 161); + + # + # Firmware 19, type: STD FW MTS (0x00000004), id: SECAM/K1 (0000000000200000), size: 169 + # + + write_le32(0x00000004); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00200000); # ID + write_le32(169); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(299616, 169); + + # + # Firmware 20, type: STD FW (0x00000000), id: SECAM/K3 (0000000004000000), size: 161 + # + + write_le32(0x00000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x04000000); # ID + write_le32(161); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(299792, 161); + + # + # Firmware 21, type: STD FW MTS (0x00000004), id: SECAM/K3 (0000000004000000), size: 169 + # + + write_le32(0x00000004); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x04000000); # ID + write_le32(169); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(299960, 169); + + # + # Firmware 22, type: STD FW D2633 DTV6 ATSC (0x00010030), id: (0000000000000000), size: 149 + # + + write_le32(0x00010030); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le32(149); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(300136, 149); + + # + # Firmware 23, type: STD FW D2620 DTV6 QAM (0x00000068), id: (0000000000000000), size: 149 + # + + write_le32(0x00000068); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le32(149); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(300296, 149); + + # + # Firmware 24, type: STD FW D2633 DTV6 QAM (0x00000070), id: (0000000000000000), size: 149 + # + + write_le32(0x00000070); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le32(149); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(300448, 149); + + # + # Firmware 25, type: STD FW D2620 DTV7 (0x00000088), id: (0000000000000000), size: 149 + # + + write_le32(0x00000088); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le32(149); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(300608, 149); + + # + # Firmware 26, type: STD FW D2633 DTV7 (0x00000090), id: (0000000000000000), size: 149 + # + + write_le32(0x00000090); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le32(149); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(300760, 149); + + # + # Firmware 27, type: STD FW D2620 DTV78 (0x00000108), id: (0000000000000000), size: 149 + # + + write_le32(0x00000108); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le32(149); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(300920, 149); + + # + # Firmware 28, type: STD FW D2633 DTV78 (0x00000110), id: (0000000000000000), size: 149 + # + + write_le32(0x00000110); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le32(149); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(301072, 149); + + # + # Firmware 29, type: STD FW D2620 DTV8 (0x00000208), id: (0000000000000000), size: 149 + # + + write_le32(0x00000208); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le32(149); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(301232, 149); + + # + # Firmware 30, type: STD FW D2633 DTV8 (0x00000210), id: (0000000000000000), size: 149 + # + + write_le32(0x00000210); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le32(149); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(301384, 149); + + # + # Firmware 31, type: STD FW FM (0x00000400), id: (0000000000000000), size: 135 + # + + write_le32(0x00000400); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le32(135); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(301554, 135); + + # + # Firmware 32, type: STD FW (0x00000000), id: PAL/I (0000000000000010), size: 161 + # + + write_le32(0x00000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000010); # ID + write_le32(161); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(301688, 161); + + # + # Firmware 33, type: STD FW MTS (0x00000004), id: PAL/I (0000000000000010), size: 169 + # + + write_le32(0x00000004); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000010); # ID + write_le32(169); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(301856, 169); + + # + # Firmware 34, type: STD FW (0x00000000), id: SECAM/L AM (0000001000400000), size: 169 + # + + # + # Firmware 35, type: STD FW (0x00000000), id: SECAM/L NICAM (0000000c00400000), size: 161 + # + + write_le32(0x00000000); # Type + write_le64(0x0000000c, 0x00400000); # ID + write_le32(161); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(302032, 161); + + # + # Firmware 36, type: STD FW (0x00000000), id: SECAM/Lc (0000000000800000), size: 161 + # + + write_le32(0x00000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00800000); # ID + write_le32(161); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(302200, 161); + + # + # Firmware 37, type: STD FW (0x00000000), id: NTSC/M Kr (0000000000008000), size: 161 + # + + write_le32(0x00000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00008000); # ID + write_le32(161); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(302368, 161); + + # + # Firmware 38, type: STD FW LCD (0x00001000), id: NTSC/M Kr (0000000000008000), size: 161 + # + + write_le32(0x00001000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00008000); # ID + write_le32(161); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(302536, 161); + + # + # Firmware 39, type: STD FW LCD NOGD (0x00003000), id: NTSC/M Kr (0000000000008000), size: 161 + # + + write_le32(0x00003000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00008000); # ID + write_le32(161); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(302704, 161); + + # + # Firmware 40, type: STD FW MTS (0x00000004), id: NTSC/M Kr (0000000000008000), size: 169 + # + + write_le32(0x00000004); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00008000); # ID + write_le32(169); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(302872, 169); + + # + # Firmware 41, type: STD FW (0x00000000), id: NTSC PAL/M PAL/N (000000000000b700), size: 161 + # + + write_le32(0x00000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x0000b700); # ID + write_le32(161); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(303048, 161); + + # + # Firmware 42, type: STD FW LCD (0x00001000), id: NTSC PAL/M PAL/N (000000000000b700), size: 161 + # + + write_le32(0x00001000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x0000b700); # ID + write_le32(161); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(303216, 161); + + # + # Firmware 43, type: STD FW LCD NOGD (0x00003000), id: NTSC PAL/M PAL/N (000000000000b700), size: 161 + # + + write_le32(0x00003000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x0000b700); # ID + write_le32(161); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(303384, 161); + + # + # Firmware 44, type: STD FW (0x00000000), id: NTSC/M Jp (0000000000002000), size: 161 + # + + write_le32(0x00000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00002000); # ID + write_le32(161); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(303552, 161); + + # + # Firmware 45, type: STD FW MTS (0x00000004), id: NTSC PAL/M PAL/N (000000000000b700), size: 169 + # + + write_le32(0x00000004); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x0000b700); # ID + write_le32(169); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(303720, 169); + + # + # Firmware 46, type: STD FW MTS LCD (0x00001004), id: NTSC PAL/M PAL/N (000000000000b700), size: 169 + # + + write_le32(0x00001004); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x0000b700); # ID + write_le32(169); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(303896, 169); + + # + # Firmware 47, type: STD FW MTS LCD NOGD (0x00003004), id: NTSC PAL/M PAL/N (000000000000b700), size: 169 + # + + write_le32(0x00003004); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x0000b700); # ID + write_le32(169); # Size + write_hunk_fix_endian(304072, 169); + + # + # Firmware 48, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 3.28 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le16(3280); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(309048, 192); + + # + # Firmware 49, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 3.30 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # + +# write_le32(0x60000000); # Type +# write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID +# write_le16(3300); # IF +# write_le32(192); # Size +# write_hunk(304440, 192); + + # + # Firmware 50, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 3.44 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le16(3440); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(309432, 192); + + # + # Firmware 51, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 3.46 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le16(3460); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(309624, 192); + + # + # Firmware 52, type: SCODE FW DTV6 ATSC OREN36 HAS IF (0x60210020), IF = 3.80 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60210020); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le16(3800); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(306936, 192); + + # + # Firmware 53, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 4.00 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le16(4000); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(309240, 192); + + # + # Firmware 54, type: SCODE FW DTV6 ATSC TOYOTA388 HAS IF (0x60410020), IF = 4.08 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60410020); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le16(4080); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(307128, 192); + + # + # Firmware 55, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 4.20 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le16(4200); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(308856, 192); + + # + # Firmware 56, type: SCODE FW MONO HAS IF (0x60008000), IF = 4.32 MHz id: NTSC/M Kr (0000000000008000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60008000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00008000); # ID + write_le16(4320); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(305208, 192); + + # + # Firmware 57, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 4.45 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le16(4450); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(309816, 192); + + # + # Firmware 58, type: SCODE FW MTS LCD NOGD MONO IF HAS IF (0x6002b004), IF = 4.50 MHz id: NTSC PAL/M PAL/N (000000000000b700), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x6002b004); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x0000b700); # ID + write_le16(4500); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(304824, 192); + + # + # Firmware 59, type: SCODE FW LCD NOGD IF HAS IF (0x60023000), IF = 4.60 MHz id: NTSC/M Kr (0000000000008000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60023000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00008000); # ID + write_le16(4600); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(305016, 192); + + # + # Firmware 60, type: SCODE FW DTV6 QAM DTV7 DTV78 DTV8 ZARLINK456 HAS IF (0x620003e0), IF = 4.76 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x620003e0); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le16(4760); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(304440, 192); + + # + # Firmware 61, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 4.94 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le16(4940); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(308664, 192); + + # + # Firmware 62, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 5.26 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le16(5260); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(307704, 192); + + # + # Firmware 63, type: SCODE FW MONO HAS IF (0x60008000), IF = 5.32 MHz id: PAL/BG A2 NICAM (0000000f00000007), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60008000); # Type + write_le64(0x0000000f, 0x00000007); # ID + write_le16(5320); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(307896, 192); + + # + # Firmware 64, type: SCODE FW DTV7 DTV78 DTV8 DIBCOM52 CHINA HAS IF (0x65000380), IF = 5.40 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x65000380); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le16(5400); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(304248, 192); + + # + # Firmware 65, type: SCODE FW DTV6 ATSC OREN538 HAS IF (0x60110020), IF = 5.58 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60110020); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le16(5580); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(306744, 192); + + # + # Firmware 66, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 5.64 MHz id: PAL/BG A2 (0000000300000007), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000003, 0x00000007); # ID + write_le16(5640); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(305592, 192); + + # + # Firmware 67, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 5.74 MHz id: PAL/BG NICAM (0000000c00000007), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60000000); # Type + write_le64(0x0000000c, 0x00000007); # ID + write_le16(5740); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(305784, 192); + + # + # Firmware 68, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 5.90 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le16(5900); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(307512, 192); + + # + # Firmware 69, type: SCODE FW MONO HAS IF (0x60008000), IF = 6.00 MHz id: PAL/DK PAL/I SECAM/K3 SECAM/L SECAM/Lc NICAM (0000000c04c000f0), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60008000); # Type + write_le64(0x0000000c, 0x04c000f0); # ID + write_le16(6000); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(305576, 192); + + # + # Firmware 70, type: SCODE FW DTV6 QAM ATSC LG60 F6MHZ HAS IF (0x68050060), IF = 6.20 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x68050060); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le16(6200); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(306552, 192); + + # + # Firmware 71, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 6.24 MHz id: PAL/I (0000000000000010), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000010); # ID + write_le16(6240); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(305400, 192); + + # + # Firmware 72, type: SCODE FW MONO HAS IF (0x60008000), IF = 6.32 MHz id: SECAM/K1 (0000000000200000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60008000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00200000); # ID + write_le16(6320); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(308472, 192); + + # + # Firmware 73, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 6.34 MHz id: SECAM/K1 (0000000000200000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00200000); # ID + write_le16(6340); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(306360, 192); + + # + # Firmware 74, type: SCODE FW MONO HAS IF (0x60008000), IF = 6.50 MHz id: PAL/DK SECAM/K3 SECAM/L NICAM (0000000c044000e0), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60008000); # Type + write_le64(0x0000000c, 0x044000e0); # ID + write_le16(6500); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(308280, 192); + + # + # Firmware 75, type: SCODE FW DTV6 ATSC ATI638 HAS IF (0x60090020), IF = 6.58 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60090020); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le16(6580); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(304632, 192); + + # + # Firmware 76, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 6.60 MHz id: PAL/DK A2 (00000003000000e0), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60000000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000003, 0x000000e0); # ID + write_le16(6600); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(306168, 192); + + # + # Firmware 77, type: SCODE FW MONO HAS IF (0x60008000), IF = 6.68 MHz id: PAL/DK A2 (00000003000000e0), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60008000); # Type + write_le64(0x00000003, 0x000000e0); # ID + write_le16(6680); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(308088, 192); + + # + # Firmware 78, type: SCODE FW DTV6 ATSC TOYOTA794 HAS IF (0x60810020), IF = 8.14 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # + + write_le32(0x60810020); # Type + write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID + write_le16(8140); # IF + write_le32(192); # Size + write_hunk(307320, 192); + + # + # Firmware 79, type: SCODE FW HAS IF (0x60000000), IF = 8.20 MHz id: (0000000000000000), size: 192 + # + +# write_le32(0x60000000); # Type +# write_le64(0x00000000, 0x00000000); # ID +# write_le16(8200); # IF +# write_le32(192); # Size +# write_hunk(308088, 192); } +sub main_firmware_27($$$$) +{ + my $out; + my $j=0; + my $outfile = shift; + my $name = shift; + my $version = shift; + my $nr_desc = shift; + + for ($j = length($name); $j <32; $j++) { + $name = $name.chr(0); + } + open OUTFILE, ">$outfile"; syswrite(OUTFILE, $name); write_le16($version); @@ -906,20 +1678,39 @@ sub main_firmware($$$$) write_hunk(812856, 192); } + sub extract_firmware { - my $sourcefile = "hcw85bda.sys"; - my $hash = "0e44dbf63bb0169d57446aec21881ff2"; - my $outfile = "xc3028-v27.fw"; - my $name = "xc2028 firmware"; - my $version = 519; - my $nr_desc = 80; + my $sourcefile_24 = "UDXTTM6000.sys"; + my $hash_24 = "cb9deb5508a5e150af2880f5b0066d78"; + my $outfile_24 = "xc3028-v24.fw"; + my $name_24 = "xc2028 firmware"; + my $version_24 = 516; + my $nr_desc_24 = 77; + my $out; + + my $sourcefile_27 = "hcw85bda.sys"; + my $hash_27 = "0e44dbf63bb0169d57446aec21881ff2"; + my $outfile_27 = "xc3028-v27.fw"; + my $name_27 = "xc2028 firmware"; + my $version_27 = 519; + my $nr_desc_27 = 80; my $out; - verify($sourcefile, $hash); + if (-e $sourcefile_24) { + verify($sourcefile_24, $hash_24); + + open INFILE, "<$sourcefile_24"; + main_firmware_24($outfile_24, $name_24, $version_24, $nr_desc_24); + close INFILE; + } - open INFILE, "<$sourcefile"; - main_firmware($outfile, $name, $version, $nr_desc); - close INFILE; + if (-e $sourcefile_27) { + verify($sourcefile_27, $hash_27); + + open INFILE, "<$sourcefile_27"; + main_firmware_27($outfile_27, $name_27, $version_27, $nr_desc_27); + close INFILE; + } } extract_firmware; diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/gspca.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/gspca.txt index 181b9e6..56ba7bb 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/gspca.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/gspca.txt @@ -29,8 +29,12 @@ zc3xx 041e:4029 Creative WebCam Vista Pro zc3xx 041e:4034 Creative Instant P0620 zc3xx 041e:4035 Creative Instant P0620D zc3xx 041e:4036 Creative Live ! +sq930x 041e:4038 Creative Joy-IT zc3xx 041e:403a Creative Nx Pro 2 spca561 041e:403b Creative Webcam Vista (VF0010) +sq930x 041e:403c Creative Live! Ultra +sq930x 041e:403d Creative Live! Ultra for Notebooks +sq930x 041e:4041 Creative Live! Motion zc3xx 041e:4051 Creative Live!Cam Notebook Pro (VF0250) ov519 041e:4052 Creative Live! VISTA IM zc3xx 041e:4053 Creative Live!Cam Video IM @@ -50,6 +54,8 @@ zc3xx 0458:700f Genius VideoCam Web V2 sonixj 0458:7025 Genius Eye 311Q sn9c20x 0458:7029 Genius Look 320s sonixj 0458:702e Genius Slim 310 NB +sn9c20x 0458:704a Genius Slim 1320 +sn9c20x 0458:704c Genius i-Look 1321 sn9c20x 045e:00f4 LifeCam VX-6000 (SN9C20x + OV9650) sonixj 045e:00f5 MicroSoft VX3000 sonixj 045e:00f7 MicroSoft VX1000 @@ -136,6 +142,7 @@ finepix 04cb:013d Fujifilm FinePix unknown model finepix 04cb:013f Fujifilm FinePix F420 sunplus 04f1:1001 JVC GC A50 spca561 04fc:0561 Flexcam 100 +spca1528 04fc:1528 Sunplus MD80 clone sunplus 04fc:500c Sunplus CA500C sunplus 04fc:504a Aiptek Mini PenCam 1.3 sunplus 04fc:504b Maxell MaxPocket LE 1.3 @@ -251,6 +258,7 @@ pac7302 093a:2620 Apollo AC-905 pac7302 093a:2621 PAC731x pac7302 093a:2622 Genius Eye 312 pac7302 093a:2624 PAC7302 +pac7302 093a:2625 Genius iSlim 310 pac7302 093a:2626 Labtec 2200 pac7302 093a:2628 Genius iLook 300 pac7302 093a:2629 Genious iSlim 300 @@ -288,6 +296,7 @@ sonixb 0c45:602e Genius VideoCam Messenger sonixj 0c45:6040 Speed NVC 350K sonixj 0c45:607c Sonix sn9c102p Hv7131R sonixj 0c45:60c0 Sangha Sn535 +sonixj 0c45:60ce USB-PC-Camera-168 (TALK-5067) sonixj 0c45:60ec SN9C105+MO4000 sonixj 0c45:60fb Surfer NoName sonixj 0c45:60fc LG-LIC300 @@ -305,12 +314,14 @@ sonixj 0c45:6138 Sn9c120 Mo4000 sonixj 0c45:613a Microdia Sonix PC Camera sonixj 0c45:613b Surfer SN-206 sonixj 0c45:613c Sonix Pccam168 +sonixj 0c45:6142 Hama PC-Webcam AC-150 sonixj 0c45:6143 Sonix Pccam168 sonixj 0c45:6148 Digitus DA-70811/ZSMC USB PC Camera ZS211/Microdia sonixj 0c45:614a Frontech E-Ccam (JIL-2225) sn9c20x 0c45:6240 PC Camera (SN9C201 + MT9M001) sn9c20x 0c45:6242 PC Camera (SN9C201 + MT9M111) sn9c20x 0c45:6248 PC Camera (SN9C201 + OV9655) +sn9c20x 0c45:624c PC Camera (SN9C201 + MT9M112) sn9c20x 0c45:624e PC Camera (SN9C201 + SOI968) sn9c20x 0c45:624f PC Camera (SN9C201 + OV9650) sn9c20x 0c45:6251 PC Camera (SN9C201 + OV9650) @@ -323,6 +334,7 @@ sn9c20x 0c45:627f PC Camera (SN9C201 + OV9650) sn9c20x 0c45:6280 PC Camera (SN9C202 + MT9M001) sn9c20x 0c45:6282 PC Camera (SN9C202 + MT9M111) sn9c20x 0c45:6288 PC Camera (SN9C202 + OV9655) +sn9c20x 0c45:628c PC Camera (SN9C201 + MT9M112) sn9c20x 0c45:628e PC Camera (SN9C202 + SOI968) sn9c20x 0c45:628f PC Camera (SN9C202 + OV9650) sn9c20x 0c45:62a0 PC Camera (SN9C202 + OV7670) @@ -356,6 +368,8 @@ sq905c 2770:9052 Disney pix micro 2 (VGA) sq905c 2770:905c All 11 known cameras with this ID sq905 2770:9120 All 24 known cameras with this ID sq905c 2770:913d All 4 known cameras with this ID +sq930x 2770:930b Sweex Motion Tracking / I-Tec iCam Tracer +sq930x 2770:930c Trust WB-3500T / NSG Robbie 2.0 spca500 2899:012c Toptro Industrial ov519 8020:ef04 ov519 spca508 8086:0110 Intel Easy PC Camera diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/hauppauge-wintv-cx88-ir.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/hauppauge-wintv-cx88-ir.txt index faccee6..a2fd363 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/hauppauge-wintv-cx88-ir.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/hauppauge-wintv-cx88-ir.txt @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc2817.pdf This data sheet (google search) seems to have a lovely description of the RC5 basics -http://users.pandora.be/nenya/electronics/rc5/ and more data +http://www.nenya.be/beor/electronics/rc5.htm and more data http://www.ee.washington.edu/circuit_archive/text/ir_decode.txt and even a reference to how to decode a bi-phase data stream. diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/ibmcam.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/ibmcam.txt index 397a94e..a5105521 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/ibmcam.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/ibmcam.txt @@ -27,9 +27,8 @@ SUPPORTED CAMERAS: Xirlink "C-It" camera, also known as "IBM PC Camera". The device uses proprietary ASIC (and compression method); -it is manufactured by Xirlink. See http://www.xirlink.com/ -(renamed to http://www.veo.com), http://www.ibmpccamera.com, -or http://www.c-itnow.com/ for details and pictures. +it is manufactured by Xirlink. See http://xirlinkwebcam.sourceforge.net, +http://www.ibmpccamera.com, or http://www.c-itnow.com/ for details and pictures. This very chipset ("X Chip", as marked at the factory) is used in several other cameras, and they are supported diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/se401.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/se401.txt index 7b9d1c9..bd6526e 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/se401.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/se401.txt @@ -49,6 +49,6 @@ order to increase the throughput (and thus framerate). HELP: The latest info on this driver can be found at: -http://www.chello.nl/~j.vreeken/se401/ +http://members.chello.nl/~j.vreeken/se401/ And questions to me can be send to: pe1rxq@amsat.org diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/sh_mobile_ceu_camera.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/sh_mobile_ceu_camera.txt index 2ae1634..cb47e72 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/sh_mobile_ceu_camera.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/sh_mobile_ceu_camera.txt @@ -17,18 +17,18 @@ Generic scaling / cropping scheme -2-- -\ | --\ | --\ -+-5-- -\ -- -3-- -| ---\ -| --- -4-- -\ -| -\ -| - -6-- ++-5-- . -- -3-- -\ +| `... -\ +| `... -4-- . - -7.. +| `. +| `. .6-- | -| - -6'- -| -/ -| --- -4'- -/ -| ---/ -+-5'- -/ -| -- -3'- +| . .6'- +| .´ +| ... -4'- .´ +| ...´ - -7'. ++-5'- .´ -/ +| -- -3'- -/ | --/ | --/ -2'- -/ @@ -36,7 +36,11 @@ Generic scaling / cropping scheme | -1'- -Produced by user requests: +In the above chart minuses and slashes represent "real" data amounts, points and +accents represent "useful" data, basically, CEU scaled amd cropped output, +mapped back onto the client's source plane. + +Such a configuration can be produced by user requests: S_CROP(left / top = (5) - (1), width / height = (5') - (5)) S_FMT(width / height = (6') - (6)) @@ -106,52 +110,30 @@ window: S_CROP ------ -If old scale applied to new crop is invalid produce nearest new scale possible - -1. Calculate current combined scales. - - scale_comb = (((4') - (4)) / ((6') - (6))) * (((2') - (2)) / ((3') - (3))) - -2. Apply iterative sensor S_CROP for new input window. - -3. If old combined scales applied to new crop produce an impossible user window, -adjust scales to produce nearest possible window. - - width_u_out = ((5') - (5)) / scale_comb +The API at http://v4l2spec.bytesex.org/spec/x1904.htm says: - if (width_u_out > max) - scale_comb = ((5') - (5)) / max; - else if (width_u_out < min) - scale_comb = ((5') - (5)) / min; +"...specification does not define an origin or units. However by convention +drivers should horizontally count unscaled samples relative to 0H." -4. Issue G_CROP to retrieve actual input window. +We choose to follow the advise and interpret cropping units as client input +pixels. -5. Using actual input window and calculated combined scales calculate sensor -target output window. - - width_s_out = ((3') - (3)) = ((2') - (2)) / scale_comb - -6. Apply iterative S_FMT for new sensor target output window. - -7. Issue G_FMT to retrieve the actual sensor output window. - -8. Calculate sensor scales. - - scale_s = ((3') - (3)) / ((2') - (2)) +Cropping is performed in the following 6 steps: -9. Calculate sensor output subwindow to be cropped on CEU by applying sensor -scales to the requested window. +1. Request exactly user rectangle from the sensor. - width_ceu = ((5') - (5)) / scale_s +2. If smaller - iterate until a larger one is obtained. Result: sensor cropped + to 2 : 2', target crop 5 : 5', current output format 6' - 6. -10. Use CEU cropping for above calculated window. +3. In the previous step the sensor has tried to preserve its output frame as + good as possible, but it could have changed. Retrieve it again. -11. Calculate CEU scales from sensor scales from results of (10) and user window -from (3) +4. Sensor scaled to 3 : 3'. Sensor's scale is (2' - 2) / (3' - 3). Calculate + intermediate window: 4' - 4 = (5' - 5) * (3' - 3) / (2' - 2) - scale_ceu = calc_scale(((5') - (5)), &width_u_out) +5. Calculate and apply host scale = (6' - 6) / (4' - 4) -12. Apply CEU scales. +6. Calculate and apply host crop: 6 - 7 = (5 - 2) * (6' - 6) / (5' - 5) -- Author: Guennadi Liakhovetski <g.liakhovetski@gmx.de> diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/v4l2-controls.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/v4l2-controls.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8773778d --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/v4l2-controls.txt @@ -0,0 +1,648 @@ +Introduction +============ + +The V4L2 control API seems simple enough, but quickly becomes very hard to +implement correctly in drivers. But much of the code needed to handle controls +is actually not driver specific and can be moved to the V4L core framework. + +After all, the only part that a driver developer is interested in is: + +1) How do I add a control? +2) How do I set the control's value? (i.e. s_ctrl) + +And occasionally: + +3) How do I get the control's value? (i.e. g_volatile_ctrl) +4) How do I validate the user's proposed control value? (i.e. try_ctrl) + +All the rest is something that can be done centrally. + +The control framework was created in order to implement all the rules of the +V4L2 specification with respect to controls in a central place. And to make +life as easy as possible for the driver developer. + +Note that the control framework relies on the presence of a struct v4l2_device +for V4L2 drivers and struct v4l2_subdev for sub-device drivers. + + +Objects in the framework +======================== + +There are two main objects: + +The v4l2_ctrl object describes the control properties and keeps track of the +control's value (both the current value and the proposed new value). + +v4l2_ctrl_handler is the object that keeps track of controls. It maintains a +list of v4l2_ctrl objects that it owns and another list of references to +controls, possibly to controls owned by other handlers. + + +Basic usage for V4L2 and sub-device drivers +=========================================== + +1) Prepare the driver: + +1.1) Add the handler to your driver's top-level struct: + + struct foo_dev { + ... + struct v4l2_ctrl_handler ctrl_handler; + ... + }; + + struct foo_dev *foo; + +1.2) Initialize the handler: + + v4l2_ctrl_handler_init(&foo->ctrl_handler, nr_of_controls); + + The second argument is a hint telling the function how many controls this + handler is expected to handle. It will allocate a hashtable based on this + information. It is a hint only. + +1.3) Hook the control handler into the driver: + +1.3.1) For V4L2 drivers do this: + + struct foo_dev { + ... + struct v4l2_device v4l2_dev; + ... + struct v4l2_ctrl_handler ctrl_handler; + ... + }; + + foo->v4l2_dev.ctrl_handler = &foo->ctrl_handler; + + Where foo->v4l2_dev is of type struct v4l2_device. + + Finally, remove all control functions from your v4l2_ioctl_ops: + vidioc_queryctrl, vidioc_querymenu, vidioc_g_ctrl, vidioc_s_ctrl, + vidioc_g_ext_ctrls, vidioc_try_ext_ctrls and vidioc_s_ext_ctrls. + Those are now no longer needed. + +1.3.2) For sub-device drivers do this: + + struct foo_dev { + ... + struct v4l2_subdev sd; + ... + struct v4l2_ctrl_handler ctrl_handler; + ... + }; + + foo->sd.ctrl_handler = &foo->ctrl_handler; + + Where foo->sd is of type struct v4l2_subdev. + + And set all core control ops in your struct v4l2_subdev_core_ops to these + helpers: + + .queryctrl = v4l2_subdev_queryctrl, + .querymenu = v4l2_subdev_querymenu, + .g_ctrl = v4l2_subdev_g_ctrl, + .s_ctrl = v4l2_subdev_s_ctrl, + .g_ext_ctrls = v4l2_subdev_g_ext_ctrls, + .try_ext_ctrls = v4l2_subdev_try_ext_ctrls, + .s_ext_ctrls = v4l2_subdev_s_ext_ctrls, + + Note: this is a temporary solution only. Once all V4L2 drivers that depend + on subdev drivers are converted to the control framework these helpers will + no longer be needed. + +1.4) Clean up the handler at the end: + + v4l2_ctrl_handler_free(&foo->ctrl_handler); + + +2) Add controls: + +You add non-menu controls by calling v4l2_ctrl_new_std: + + struct v4l2_ctrl *v4l2_ctrl_new_std(struct v4l2_ctrl_handler *hdl, + const struct v4l2_ctrl_ops *ops, + u32 id, s32 min, s32 max, u32 step, s32 def); + +Menu controls are added by calling v4l2_ctrl_new_std_menu: + + struct v4l2_ctrl *v4l2_ctrl_new_std_menu(struct v4l2_ctrl_handler *hdl, + const struct v4l2_ctrl_ops *ops, + u32 id, s32 max, s32 skip_mask, s32 def); + +These functions are typically called right after the v4l2_ctrl_handler_init: + + v4l2_ctrl_handler_init(&foo->ctrl_handler, nr_of_controls); + v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&foo->ctrl_handler, &foo_ctrl_ops, + V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS, 0, 255, 1, 128); + v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&foo->ctrl_handler, &foo_ctrl_ops, + V4L2_CID_CONTRAST, 0, 255, 1, 128); + v4l2_ctrl_new_std_menu(&foo->ctrl_handler, &foo_ctrl_ops, + V4L2_CID_POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY, + V4L2_CID_POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY_60HZ, 0, + V4L2_CID_POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY_DISABLED); + ... + if (foo->ctrl_handler.error) { + int err = foo->ctrl_handler.error; + + v4l2_ctrl_handler_free(&foo->ctrl_handler); + return err; + } + +The v4l2_ctrl_new_std function returns the v4l2_ctrl pointer to the new +control, but if you do not need to access the pointer outside the control ops, +then there is no need to store it. + +The v4l2_ctrl_new_std function will fill in most fields based on the control +ID except for the min, max, step and default values. These are passed in the +last four arguments. These values are driver specific while control attributes +like type, name, flags are all global. The control's current value will be set +to the default value. + +The v4l2_ctrl_new_std_menu function is very similar but it is used for menu +controls. There is no min argument since that is always 0 for menu controls, +and instead of a step there is a skip_mask argument: if bit X is 1, then menu +item X is skipped. + +Note that if something fails, the function will return NULL or an error and +set ctrl_handler->error to the error code. If ctrl_handler->error was already +set, then it will just return and do nothing. This is also true for +v4l2_ctrl_handler_init if it cannot allocate the internal data structure. + +This makes it easy to init the handler and just add all controls and only check +the error code at the end. Saves a lot of repetitive error checking. + +It is recommended to add controls in ascending control ID order: it will be +a bit faster that way. + +3) Optionally force initial control setup: + + v4l2_ctrl_handler_setup(&foo->ctrl_handler); + +This will call s_ctrl for all controls unconditionally. Effectively this +initializes the hardware to the default control values. It is recommended +that you do this as this ensures that both the internal data structures and +the hardware are in sync. + +4) Finally: implement the v4l2_ctrl_ops + + static const struct v4l2_ctrl_ops foo_ctrl_ops = { + .s_ctrl = foo_s_ctrl, + }; + +Usually all you need is s_ctrl: + + static int foo_s_ctrl(struct v4l2_ctrl *ctrl) + { + struct foo *state = container_of(ctrl->handler, struct foo, ctrl_handler); + + switch (ctrl->id) { + case V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS: + write_reg(0x123, ctrl->val); + break; + case V4L2_CID_CONTRAST: + write_reg(0x456, ctrl->val); + break; + } + return 0; + } + +The control ops are called with the v4l2_ctrl pointer as argument. +The new control value has already been validated, so all you need to do is +to actually update the hardware registers. + +You're done! And this is sufficient for most of the drivers we have. No need +to do any validation of control values, or implement QUERYCTRL/QUERYMENU. And +G/S_CTRL as well as G/TRY/S_EXT_CTRLS are automatically supported. + + +============================================================================== + +The remainder of this document deals with more advanced topics and scenarios. +In practice the basic usage as described above is sufficient for most drivers. + +=============================================================================== + + +Inheriting Controls +=================== + +When a sub-device is registered with a V4L2 driver by calling +v4l2_device_register_subdev() and the ctrl_handler fields of both v4l2_subdev +and v4l2_device are set, then the controls of the subdev will become +automatically available in the V4L2 driver as well. If the subdev driver +contains controls that already exist in the V4L2 driver, then those will be +skipped (so a V4L2 driver can always override a subdev control). + +What happens here is that v4l2_device_register_subdev() calls +v4l2_ctrl_add_handler() adding the controls of the subdev to the controls +of v4l2_device. + + +Accessing Control Values +======================== + +The v4l2_ctrl struct contains these two unions: + + /* The current control value. */ + union { + s32 val; + s64 val64; + char *string; + } cur; + + /* The new control value. */ + union { + s32 val; + s64 val64; + char *string; + }; + +Within the control ops you can freely use these. The val and val64 speak for +themselves. The string pointers point to character buffers of length +ctrl->maximum + 1, and are always 0-terminated. + +In most cases 'cur' contains the current cached control value. When you create +a new control this value is made identical to the default value. After calling +v4l2_ctrl_handler_setup() this value is passed to the hardware. It is generally +a good idea to call this function. + +Whenever a new value is set that new value is automatically cached. This means +that most drivers do not need to implement the g_volatile_ctrl() op. The +exception is for controls that return a volatile register such as a signal +strength read-out that changes continuously. In that case you will need to +implement g_volatile_ctrl like this: + + static int foo_g_volatile_ctrl(struct v4l2_ctrl *ctrl) + { + switch (ctrl->id) { + case V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS: + ctrl->cur.val = read_reg(0x123); + break; + } + } + +The 'new value' union is not used in g_volatile_ctrl. In general controls +that need to implement g_volatile_ctrl are read-only controls. + +To mark a control as volatile you have to set the is_volatile flag: + + ctrl = v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&sd->ctrl_handler, ...); + if (ctrl) + ctrl->is_volatile = 1; + +For try/s_ctrl the new values (i.e. as passed by the user) are filled in and +you can modify them in try_ctrl or set them in s_ctrl. The 'cur' union +contains the current value, which you can use (but not change!) as well. + +If s_ctrl returns 0 (OK), then the control framework will copy the new final +values to the 'cur' union. + +While in g_volatile/s/try_ctrl you can access the value of all controls owned +by the same handler since the handler's lock is held. If you need to access +the value of controls owned by other handlers, then you have to be very careful +not to introduce deadlocks. + +Outside of the control ops you have to go through to helper functions to get +or set a single control value safely in your driver: + + s32 v4l2_ctrl_g_ctrl(struct v4l2_ctrl *ctrl); + int v4l2_ctrl_s_ctrl(struct v4l2_ctrl *ctrl, s32 val); + +These functions go through the control framework just as VIDIOC_G/S_CTRL ioctls +do. Don't use these inside the control ops g_volatile/s/try_ctrl, though, that +will result in a deadlock since these helpers lock the handler as well. + +You can also take the handler lock yourself: + + mutex_lock(&state->ctrl_handler.lock); + printk(KERN_INFO "String value is '%s'\n", ctrl1->cur.string); + printk(KERN_INFO "Integer value is '%s'\n", ctrl2->cur.val); + mutex_unlock(&state->ctrl_handler.lock); + + +Menu Controls +============= + +The v4l2_ctrl struct contains this union: + + union { + u32 step; + u32 menu_skip_mask; + }; + +For menu controls menu_skip_mask is used. What it does is that it allows you +to easily exclude certain menu items. This is used in the VIDIOC_QUERYMENU +implementation where you can return -EINVAL if a certain menu item is not +present. Note that VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL always returns a step value of 1 for +menu controls. + +A good example is the MPEG Audio Layer II Bitrate menu control where the +menu is a list of standardized possible bitrates. But in practice hardware +implementations will only support a subset of those. By setting the skip +mask you can tell the framework which menu items should be skipped. Setting +it to 0 means that all menu items are supported. + +You set this mask either through the v4l2_ctrl_config struct for a custom +control, or by calling v4l2_ctrl_new_std_menu(). + + +Custom Controls +=============== + +Driver specific controls can be created using v4l2_ctrl_new_custom(): + + static const struct v4l2_ctrl_config ctrl_filter = { + .ops = &ctrl_custom_ops, + .id = V4L2_CID_MPEG_CX2341X_VIDEO_SPATIAL_FILTER, + .name = "Spatial Filter", + .type = V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_INTEGER, + .flags = V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_SLIDER, + .max = 15, + .step = 1, + }; + + ctrl = v4l2_ctrl_new_custom(&foo->ctrl_handler, &ctrl_filter, NULL); + +The last argument is the priv pointer which can be set to driver-specific +private data. + +The v4l2_ctrl_config struct also has fields to set the is_private and is_volatile +flags. + +If the name field is not set, then the framework will assume this is a standard +control and will fill in the name, type and flags fields accordingly. + + +Active and Grabbed Controls +=========================== + +If you get more complex relationships between controls, then you may have to +activate and deactivate controls. For example, if the Chroma AGC control is +on, then the Chroma Gain control is inactive. That is, you may set it, but +the value will not be used by the hardware as long as the automatic gain +control is on. Typically user interfaces can disable such input fields. + +You can set the 'active' status using v4l2_ctrl_activate(). By default all +controls are active. Note that the framework does not check for this flag. +It is meant purely for GUIs. The function is typically called from within +s_ctrl. + +The other flag is the 'grabbed' flag. A grabbed control means that you cannot +change it because it is in use by some resource. Typical examples are MPEG +bitrate controls that cannot be changed while capturing is in progress. + +If a control is set to 'grabbed' using v4l2_ctrl_grab(), then the framework +will return -EBUSY if an attempt is made to set this control. The +v4l2_ctrl_grab() function is typically called from the driver when it +starts or stops streaming. + + +Control Clusters +================ + +By default all controls are independent from the others. But in more +complex scenarios you can get dependencies from one control to another. +In that case you need to 'cluster' them: + + struct foo { + struct v4l2_ctrl_handler ctrl_handler; +#define AUDIO_CL_VOLUME (0) +#define AUDIO_CL_MUTE (1) + struct v4l2_ctrl *audio_cluster[2]; + ... + }; + + state->audio_cluster[AUDIO_CL_VOLUME] = + v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&state->ctrl_handler, ...); + state->audio_cluster[AUDIO_CL_MUTE] = + v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&state->ctrl_handler, ...); + v4l2_ctrl_cluster(ARRAY_SIZE(state->audio_cluster), state->audio_cluster); + +From now on whenever one or more of the controls belonging to the same +cluster is set (or 'gotten', or 'tried'), only the control ops of the first +control ('volume' in this example) is called. You effectively create a new +composite control. Similar to how a 'struct' works in C. + +So when s_ctrl is called with V4L2_CID_AUDIO_VOLUME as argument, you should set +all two controls belonging to the audio_cluster: + + static int foo_s_ctrl(struct v4l2_ctrl *ctrl) + { + struct foo *state = container_of(ctrl->handler, struct foo, ctrl_handler); + + switch (ctrl->id) { + case V4L2_CID_AUDIO_VOLUME: { + struct v4l2_ctrl *mute = ctrl->cluster[AUDIO_CL_MUTE]; + + write_reg(0x123, mute->val ? 0 : ctrl->val); + break; + } + case V4L2_CID_CONTRAST: + write_reg(0x456, ctrl->val); + break; + } + return 0; + } + +In the example above the following are equivalent for the VOLUME case: + + ctrl == ctrl->cluster[AUDIO_CL_VOLUME] == state->audio_cluster[AUDIO_CL_VOLUME] + ctrl->cluster[AUDIO_CL_MUTE] == state->audio_cluster[AUDIO_CL_MUTE] + +Note that controls in a cluster may be NULL. For example, if for some +reason mute was never added (because the hardware doesn't support that +particular feature), then mute will be NULL. So in that case we have a +cluster of 2 controls, of which only 1 is actually instantiated. The +only restriction is that the first control of the cluster must always be +present, since that is the 'master' control of the cluster. The master +control is the one that identifies the cluster and that provides the +pointer to the v4l2_ctrl_ops struct that is used for that cluster. + +Obviously, all controls in the cluster array must be initialized to either +a valid control or to NULL. + + +VIDIOC_LOG_STATUS Support +========================= + +This ioctl allow you to dump the current status of a driver to the kernel log. +The v4l2_ctrl_handler_log_status(ctrl_handler, prefix) can be used to dump the +value of the controls owned by the given handler to the log. You can supply a +prefix as well. If the prefix didn't end with a space, then ': ' will be added +for you. + + +Different Handlers for Different Video Nodes +============================================ + +Usually the V4L2 driver has just one control handler that is global for +all video nodes. But you can also specify different control handlers for +different video nodes. You can do that by manually setting the ctrl_handler +field of struct video_device. + +That is no problem if there are no subdevs involved but if there are, then +you need to block the automatic merging of subdev controls to the global +control handler. You do that by simply setting the ctrl_handler field in +struct v4l2_device to NULL. Now v4l2_device_register_subdev() will no longer +merge subdev controls. + +After each subdev was added, you will then have to call v4l2_ctrl_add_handler +manually to add the subdev's control handler (sd->ctrl_handler) to the desired +control handler. This control handler may be specific to the video_device or +for a subset of video_device's. For example: the radio device nodes only have +audio controls, while the video and vbi device nodes share the same control +handler for the audio and video controls. + +If you want to have one handler (e.g. for a radio device node) have a subset +of another handler (e.g. for a video device node), then you should first add +the controls to the first handler, add the other controls to the second +handler and finally add the first handler to the second. For example: + + v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&radio_ctrl_handler, &radio_ops, V4L2_CID_AUDIO_VOLUME, ...); + v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&radio_ctrl_handler, &radio_ops, V4L2_CID_AUDIO_MUTE, ...); + v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&video_ctrl_handler, &video_ops, V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS, ...); + v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&video_ctrl_handler, &video_ops, V4L2_CID_CONTRAST, ...); + v4l2_ctrl_add_handler(&video_ctrl_handler, &radio_ctrl_handler); + +Or you can add specific controls to a handler: + + volume = v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&video_ctrl_handler, &ops, V4L2_CID_AUDIO_VOLUME, ...); + v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&video_ctrl_handler, &ops, V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS, ...); + v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&video_ctrl_handler, &ops, V4L2_CID_CONTRAST, ...); + v4l2_ctrl_add_ctrl(&radio_ctrl_handler, volume); + +What you should not do is make two identical controls for two handlers. +For example: + + v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&radio_ctrl_handler, &radio_ops, V4L2_CID_AUDIO_MUTE, ...); + v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&video_ctrl_handler, &video_ops, V4L2_CID_AUDIO_MUTE, ...); + +This would be bad since muting the radio would not change the video mute +control. The rule is to have one control for each hardware 'knob' that you +can twiddle. + + +Finding Controls +================ + +Normally you have created the controls yourself and you can store the struct +v4l2_ctrl pointer into your own struct. + +But sometimes you need to find a control from another handler that you do +not own. For example, if you have to find a volume control from a subdev. + +You can do that by calling v4l2_ctrl_find: + + struct v4l2_ctrl *volume; + + volume = v4l2_ctrl_find(sd->ctrl_handler, V4L2_CID_AUDIO_VOLUME); + +Since v4l2_ctrl_find will lock the handler you have to be careful where you +use it. For example, this is not a good idea: + + struct v4l2_ctrl_handler ctrl_handler; + + v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&ctrl_handler, &video_ops, V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS, ...); + v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&ctrl_handler, &video_ops, V4L2_CID_CONTRAST, ...); + +...and in video_ops.s_ctrl: + + case V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS: + contrast = v4l2_find_ctrl(&ctrl_handler, V4L2_CID_CONTRAST); + ... + +When s_ctrl is called by the framework the ctrl_handler.lock is already taken, so +attempting to find another control from the same handler will deadlock. + +It is recommended not to use this function from inside the control ops. + + +Inheriting Controls +=================== + +When one control handler is added to another using v4l2_ctrl_add_handler, then +by default all controls from one are merged to the other. But a subdev might +have low-level controls that make sense for some advanced embedded system, but +not when it is used in consumer-level hardware. In that case you want to keep +those low-level controls local to the subdev. You can do this by simply +setting the 'is_private' flag of the control to 1: + + static const struct v4l2_ctrl_config ctrl_private = { + .ops = &ctrl_custom_ops, + .id = V4L2_CID_..., + .name = "Some Private Control", + .type = V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_INTEGER, + .max = 15, + .step = 1, + .is_private = 1, + }; + + ctrl = v4l2_ctrl_new_custom(&foo->ctrl_handler, &ctrl_private, NULL); + +These controls will now be skipped when v4l2_ctrl_add_handler is called. + + +V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_CTRL_CLASS Controls +================================== + +Controls of this type can be used by GUIs to get the name of the control class. +A fully featured GUI can make a dialog with multiple tabs with each tab +containing the controls belonging to a particular control class. The name of +each tab can be found by querying a special control with ID <control class | 1>. + +Drivers do not have to care about this. The framework will automatically add +a control of this type whenever the first control belonging to a new control +class is added. + + +Differences from the Spec +========================= + +There are a few places where the framework acts slightly differently from the +V4L2 Specification. Those differences are described in this section. We will +have to see whether we need to adjust the spec or not. + +1) It is no longer required to have all controls contained in a +v4l2_ext_control array be from the same control class. The framework will be +able to handle any type of control in the array. You need to set ctrl_class +to 0 in order to enable this. If ctrl_class is non-zero, then it will still +check that all controls belong to that control class. + +If you set ctrl_class to 0 and count to 0, then it will only return an error +if there are no controls at all. + +2) Clarified the way error_idx works. For get and set it will be equal to +count if nothing was done yet. If it is less than count then only the controls +up to error_idx-1 were successfully applied. + +3) When attempting to read a button control the framework will return -EACCES +instead of -EINVAL as stated in the spec. It seems to make more sense since +button controls are write-only controls. + +4) Attempting to write to a read-only control will return -EACCES instead of +-EINVAL as the spec says. + +5) The spec does not mention what should happen when you try to set/get a +control class controls. ivtv currently returns -EINVAL (indicating that the +control ID does not exist) while the framework will return -EACCES, which +makes more sense. + + +Proposals for Extensions +======================== + +Some ideas for future extensions to the spec: + +1) Add a V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_HEX to have values shown as hexadecimal instead of +decimal. Useful for e.g. video_mute_yuv. + +2) It is possible to mark in the controls array which controls have been +successfully written and which failed by for example adding a bit to the +control ID. Not sure if it is worth the effort, though. + +3) Trying to set volatile inactive controls should result in -EACCESS. + +4) Add a new flag to mark volatile controls. Any application that wants +to store the state of the controls can then skip volatile inactive controls. +Currently it is not possible to detect such controls. diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/v4l2-framework.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/v4l2-framework.txt index 5155700..e831aac 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/v4l2-framework.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/v4l2-framework.txt @@ -545,12 +545,11 @@ unregister them: This will remove the device nodes from sysfs (causing udev to remove them from /dev). -After video_unregister_device() returns no new opens can be done. - -However, in the case of USB devices some application might still have one -of these device nodes open. You should block all new accesses to read, -write, poll, etc. except possibly for certain ioctl operations like -queueing buffers. +After video_unregister_device() returns no new opens can be done. However, +in the case of USB devices some application might still have one of these +device nodes open. So after the unregister all file operations will return +an error as well, except for the ioctl and unlocked_ioctl file operations: +those will still be passed on since some buffer ioctls may still be needed. When the last user of the video device node exits, then the vdev->release() callback is called and you can do the final cleanup there. @@ -609,3 +608,135 @@ scatter/gather method (videobuf-dma-sg), DMA with linear access Please see Documentation/video4linux/videobuf for more information on how to use the videobuf layer. + +struct v4l2_fh +-------------- + +struct v4l2_fh provides a way to easily keep file handle specific data +that is used by the V4L2 framework. Using v4l2_fh is optional for +drivers. + +The users of v4l2_fh (in the V4L2 framework, not the driver) know +whether a driver uses v4l2_fh as its file->private_data pointer by +testing the V4L2_FL_USES_V4L2_FH bit in video_device->flags. + +Useful functions: + +- v4l2_fh_init() + + Initialise the file handle. This *MUST* be performed in the driver's + v4l2_file_operations->open() handler. + +- v4l2_fh_add() + + Add a v4l2_fh to video_device file handle list. May be called after + initialising the file handle. + +- v4l2_fh_del() + + Unassociate the file handle from video_device(). The file handle + exit function may now be called. + +- v4l2_fh_exit() + + Uninitialise the file handle. After uninitialisation the v4l2_fh + memory can be freed. + +struct v4l2_fh is allocated as a part of the driver's own file handle +structure and is set to file->private_data in the driver's open +function by the driver. Drivers can extract their own file handle +structure by using the container_of macro. Example: + +struct my_fh { + int blah; + struct v4l2_fh fh; +}; + +... + +int my_open(struct file *file) +{ + struct my_fh *my_fh; + struct video_device *vfd; + int ret; + + ... + + ret = v4l2_fh_init(&my_fh->fh, vfd); + if (ret) + return ret; + + v4l2_fh_add(&my_fh->fh); + + file->private_data = &my_fh->fh; + + ... +} + +int my_release(struct file *file) +{ + struct v4l2_fh *fh = file->private_data; + struct my_fh *my_fh = container_of(fh, struct my_fh, fh); + + ... +} + +V4L2 events +----------- + +The V4L2 events provide a generic way to pass events to user space. +The driver must use v4l2_fh to be able to support V4L2 events. + +Useful functions: + +- v4l2_event_alloc() + + To use events, the driver must allocate events for the file handle. By + calling the function more than once, the driver may assure that at least n + events in total have been allocated. The function may not be called in + atomic context. + +- v4l2_event_queue() + + Queue events to video device. The driver's only responsibility is to fill + in the type and the data fields. The other fields will be filled in by + V4L2. + +- v4l2_event_subscribe() + + The video_device->ioctl_ops->vidioc_subscribe_event must check the driver + is able to produce events with specified event id. Then it calls + v4l2_event_subscribe() to subscribe the event. + +- v4l2_event_unsubscribe() + + vidioc_unsubscribe_event in struct v4l2_ioctl_ops. A driver may use + v4l2_event_unsubscribe() directly unless it wants to be involved in + unsubscription process. + + The special type V4L2_EVENT_ALL may be used to unsubscribe all events. The + drivers may want to handle this in a special way. + +- v4l2_event_pending() + + Returns the number of pending events. Useful when implementing poll. + +Drivers do not initialise events directly. The events are initialised +through v4l2_fh_init() if video_device->ioctl_ops->vidioc_subscribe_event is +non-NULL. This *MUST* be performed in the driver's +v4l2_file_operations->open() handler. + +Events are delivered to user space through the poll system call. The driver +can use v4l2_fh->events->wait wait_queue_head_t as the argument for +poll_wait(). + +There are standard and private events. New standard events must use the +smallest available event type. The drivers must allocate their events from +their own class starting from class base. Class base is +V4L2_EVENT_PRIVATE_START + n * 1000 where n is the lowest available number. +The first event type in the class is reserved for future use, so the first +available event type is 'class base + 1'. + +An example on how the V4L2 events may be used can be found in the OMAP +3 ISP driver available at <URL:http://gitorious.org/omap3camera> as of +writing this. diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/w9966.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/w9966.txt index 78a6512..8550245 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/w9966.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/w9966.txt @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ where every two pixels take 4 bytes. In SDL (www.libsdl.org) this format is called VIDEO_PALETTE_YUV422 (16 bpp). A minimal test application (with source) is available from: - http://hem.fyristorg.com/mogul/w9966.html + http://www.slackwaresupport.com/howtos/Webcam-HOWTO The slow framerate is due to missing DMA ECP read support in the parport drivers. I might add working EPP support later. diff --git a/Documentation/vm/map_hugetlb.c b/Documentation/vm/map_hugetlb.c index 9969c7d..eda1a6d 100644 --- a/Documentation/vm/map_hugetlb.c +++ b/Documentation/vm/map_hugetlb.c @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ #define PROTECTION (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE) #ifndef MAP_HUGETLB -#define MAP_HUGETLB 0x40 +#define MAP_HUGETLB 0x40000 /* arch specific */ #endif /* Only ia64 requires this */ diff --git a/Documentation/vm/numa b/Documentation/vm/numa index e93ad94..a200a38 100644 --- a/Documentation/vm/numa +++ b/Documentation/vm/numa @@ -1,41 +1,149 @@ Started Nov 1999 by Kanoj Sarcar <kanoj@sgi.com> -The intent of this file is to have an uptodate, running commentary -from different people about NUMA specific code in the Linux vm. - -What is NUMA? It is an architecture where the memory access times -for different regions of memory from a given processor varies -according to the "distance" of the memory region from the processor. -Each region of memory to which access times are the same from any -cpu, is called a node. On such architectures, it is beneficial if -the kernel tries to minimize inter node communications. Schemes -for this range from kernel text and read-only data replication -across nodes, and trying to house all the data structures that -key components of the kernel need on memory on that node. - -Currently, all the numa support is to provide efficient handling -of widely discontiguous physical memory, so architectures which -are not NUMA but can have huge holes in the physical address space -can use the same code. All this code is bracketed by CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM. - -The initial port includes NUMAizing the bootmem allocator code by -encapsulating all the pieces of information into a bootmem_data_t -structure. Node specific calls have been added to the allocator. -In theory, any platform which uses the bootmem allocator should -be able to put the bootmem and mem_map data structures anywhere -it deems best. - -Each node's page allocation data structures have also been encapsulated -into a pg_data_t. The bootmem_data_t is just one part of this. To -make the code look uniform between NUMA and regular UMA platforms, -UMA platforms have a statically allocated pg_data_t too (contig_page_data). -For the sake of uniformity, the function num_online_nodes() is also defined -for all platforms. As we run benchmarks, we might decide to NUMAize -more variables like low_on_memory, nr_free_pages etc into the pg_data_t. - -The NUMA aware page allocation code currently tries to allocate pages -from different nodes in a round robin manner. This will be changed to -do concentratic circle search, starting from current node, once the -NUMA port achieves more maturity. The call alloc_pages_node has been -added, so that drivers can make the call and not worry about whether -it is running on a NUMA or UMA platform. +What is NUMA? + +This question can be answered from a couple of perspectives: the +hardware view and the Linux software view. + +From the hardware perspective, a NUMA system is a computer platform that +comprises multiple components or assemblies each of which may contain 0 +or more CPUs, local memory, and/or IO buses. For brevity and to +disambiguate the hardware view of these physical components/assemblies +from the software abstraction thereof, we'll call the components/assemblies +'cells' in this document. + +Each of the 'cells' may be viewed as an SMP [symmetric multi-processor] subset +of the system--although some components necessary for a stand-alone SMP system +may not be populated on any given cell. The cells of the NUMA system are +connected together with some sort of system interconnect--e.g., a crossbar or +point-to-point link are common types of NUMA system interconnects. Both of +these types of interconnects can be aggregated to create NUMA platforms with +cells at multiple distances from other cells. + +For Linux, the NUMA platforms of interest are primarily what is known as Cache +Coherent NUMA or ccNUMA systems. With ccNUMA systems, all memory is visible +to and accessible from any CPU attached to any cell and cache coherency +is handled in hardware by the processor caches and/or the system interconnect. + +Memory access time and effective memory bandwidth varies depending on how far +away the cell containing the CPU or IO bus making the memory access is from the +cell containing the target memory. For example, access to memory by CPUs +attached to the same cell will experience faster access times and higher +bandwidths than accesses to memory on other, remote cells. NUMA platforms +can have cells at multiple remote distances from any given cell. + +Platform vendors don't build NUMA systems just to make software developers' +lives interesting. Rather, this architecture is a means to provide scalable +memory bandwidth. However, to achieve scalable memory bandwidth, system and +application software must arrange for a large majority of the memory references +[cache misses] to be to "local" memory--memory on the same cell, if any--or +to the closest cell with memory. + +This leads to the Linux software view of a NUMA system: + +Linux divides the system's hardware resources into multiple software +abstractions called "nodes". Linux maps the nodes onto the physical cells +of the hardware platform, abstracting away some of the details for some +architectures. As with physical cells, software nodes may contain 0 or more +CPUs, memory and/or IO buses. And, again, memory accesses to memory on +"closer" nodes--nodes that map to closer cells--will generally experience +faster access times and higher effective bandwidth than accesses to more +remote cells. + +For some architectures, such as x86, Linux will "hide" any node representing a +physical cell that has no memory attached, and reassign any CPUs attached to +that cell to a node representing a cell that does have memory. Thus, on +these architectures, one cannot assume that all CPUs that Linux associates with +a given node will see the same local memory access times and bandwidth. + +In addition, for some architectures, again x86 is an example, Linux supports +the emulation of additional nodes. For NUMA emulation, linux will carve up +the existing nodes--or the system memory for non-NUMA platforms--into multiple +nodes. Each emulated node will manage a fraction of the underlying cells' +physical memory. NUMA emluation is useful for testing NUMA kernel and +application features on non-NUMA platforms, and as a sort of memory resource +management mechanism when used together with cpusets. +[see Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt] + +For each node with memory, Linux constructs an independent memory management +subsystem, complete with its own free page lists, in-use page lists, usage +statistics and locks to mediate access. In addition, Linux constructs for +each memory zone [one or more of DMA, DMA32, NORMAL, HIGH_MEMORY, MOVABLE], +an ordered "zonelist". A zonelist specifies the zones/nodes to visit when a +selected zone/node cannot satisfy the allocation request. This situation, +when a zone has no available memory to satisfy a request, is called +"overflow" or "fallback". + +Because some nodes contain multiple zones containing different types of +memory, Linux must decide whether to order the zonelists such that allocations +fall back to the same zone type on a different node, or to a different zone +type on the same node. This is an important consideration because some zones, +such as DMA or DMA32, represent relatively scarce resources. Linux chooses +a default zonelist order based on the sizes of the various zone types relative +to the total memory of the node and the total memory of the system. The +default zonelist order may be overridden using the numa_zonelist_order kernel +boot parameter or sysctl. [see Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt and +Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt] + +By default, Linux will attempt to satisfy memory allocation requests from the +node to which the CPU that executes the request is assigned. Specifically, +Linux will attempt to allocate from the first node in the appropriate zonelist +for the node where the request originates. This is called "local allocation." +If the "local" node cannot satisfy the request, the kernel will examine other +nodes' zones in the selected zonelist looking for the first zone in the list +that can satisfy the request. + +Local allocation will tend to keep subsequent access to the allocated memory +"local" to the underlying physical resources and off the system interconnect-- +as long as the task on whose behalf the kernel allocated some memory does not +later migrate away from that memory. The Linux scheduler is aware of the +NUMA topology of the platform--embodied in the "scheduling domains" data +structures [see Documentation/scheduler/sched-domains.txt]--and the scheduler +attempts to minimize task migration to distant scheduling domains. However, +the scheduler does not take a task's NUMA footprint into account directly. +Thus, under sufficient imbalance, tasks can migrate between nodes, remote +from their initial node and kernel data structures. + +System administrators and application designers can restrict a task's migration +to improve NUMA locality using various CPU affinity command line interfaces, +such as taskset(1) and numactl(1), and program interfaces such as +sched_setaffinity(2). Further, one can modify the kernel's default local +allocation behavior using Linux NUMA memory policy. +[see Documentation/vm/numa_memory_policy.] + +System administrators can restrict the CPUs and nodes' memories that a non- +privileged user can specify in the scheduling or NUMA commands and functions +using control groups and CPUsets. [see Documentation/cgroups/CPUsets.txt] + +On architectures that do not hide memoryless nodes, Linux will include only +zones [nodes] with memory in the zonelists. This means that for a memoryless +node the "local memory node"--the node of the first zone in CPU's node's +zonelist--will not be the node itself. Rather, it will be the node that the +kernel selected as the nearest node with memory when it built the zonelists. +So, default, local allocations will succeed with the kernel supplying the +closest available memory. This is a consequence of the same mechanism that +allows such allocations to fallback to other nearby nodes when a node that +does contain memory overflows. + +Some kernel allocations do not want or cannot tolerate this allocation fallback +behavior. Rather they want to be sure they get memory from the specified node +or get notified that the node has no free memory. This is usually the case when +a subsystem allocates per CPU memory resources, for example. + +A typical model for making such an allocation is to obtain the node id of the +node to which the "current CPU" is attached using one of the kernel's +numa_node_id() or CPU_to_node() functions and then request memory from only +the node id returned. When such an allocation fails, the requesting subsystem +may revert to its own fallback path. The slab kernel memory allocator is an +example of this. Or, the subsystem may choose to disable or not to enable +itself on allocation failure. The kernel profiling subsystem is an example of +this. + +If the architecture supports--does not hide--memoryless nodes, then CPUs +attached to memoryless nodes would always incur the fallback path overhead +or some subsystems would fail to initialize if they attempted to allocated +memory exclusively from a node without memory. To support such +architectures transparently, kernel subsystems can use the numa_mem_id() +or cpu_to_mem() function to locate the "local memory node" for the calling or +specified CPU. Again, this is the same node from which default, local page +allocations will be attempted. diff --git a/Documentation/vm/numa_memory_policy.txt b/Documentation/vm/numa_memory_policy.txt index be45dbb..6690fc3 100644 --- a/Documentation/vm/numa_memory_policy.txt +++ b/Documentation/vm/numa_memory_policy.txt @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ most general to most specific: to establish the task policy for a child task exec()'d from an executable image that has no awareness of memory policy. See the MEMORY POLICY APIS section, below, for an overview of the system call - that a task may use to set/change it's task/process policy. + that a task may use to set/change its task/process policy. In a multi-threaded task, task policies apply only to the thread [Linux kernel task] that installs the policy and any threads @@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ decrement this reference count, respectively. mpol_put() will only free the structure back to the mempolicy kmem cache when the reference count goes to zero. -When a new memory policy is allocated, it's reference count is initialized +When a new memory policy is allocated, its reference count is initialized to '1', representing the reference held by the task that is installing the new policy. When a pointer to a memory policy structure is stored in another structure, another reference is added, as the task's reference will be dropped diff --git a/Documentation/vm/page-types.c b/Documentation/vm/page-types.c index 66e9358..ccd951f 100644 --- a/Documentation/vm/page-types.c +++ b/Documentation/vm/page-types.c @@ -694,7 +694,7 @@ static void usage(void) #endif " -l|--list Show page details in ranges\n" " -L|--list-each Show page details one by one\n" -" -N|--no-summary Don't show summay info\n" +" -N|--no-summary Don't show summary info\n" " -X|--hwpoison hwpoison pages\n" " -x|--unpoison unpoison pages\n" " -h|--help Show this usage message\n" diff --git a/Documentation/w1/masters/ds2482 b/Documentation/w1/masters/ds2482 index 299b91c..56f8eda 100644 --- a/Documentation/w1/masters/ds2482 +++ b/Documentation/w1/masters/ds2482 @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ Supported chips: Prefix: 'ds2482' Addresses scanned: None Datasheets: - http://pdfserv.maxim-ic.com/en/ds/DS2482-100-DS2482S-100.pdf - http://pdfserv.maxim-ic.com/en/ds/DS2482-800-DS2482S-800.pdf + http://datasheets.maxim-ic.com/en/ds/DS2482-100.pdf + http://datasheets.maxim-ic.com/en/ds/DS2482-800.pdf Author: Ben Gardner <bgardner@wabtec.com> diff --git a/Documentation/w1/masters/mxc-w1 b/Documentation/w1/masters/mxc-w1 index 97f6199..38be1ad 100644 --- a/Documentation/w1/masters/mxc-w1 +++ b/Documentation/w1/masters/mxc-w1 @@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ Supported chips: * Freescale MX27, MX31 and probably other i.MX SoCs Datasheets: http://www.freescale.com/files/32bit/doc/data_sheet/MCIMX31.pdf?fpsp=1 - http://www.freescale.com/files/dsp/MCIMX27.pdf?fpsp=1 + http://cache.freescale.com/files/dsp/doc/archive/MCIMX27.pdf?fsrch=1&WT_TYPE= + Data%20Sheets&WT_VENDOR=FREESCALE&WT_FILE_FORMAT=pdf&WT_ASSET=Documentation Author: Originally based on Freescale code, prepared for mainline by Sascha Hauer <s.hauer@pengutronix.de> diff --git a/Documentation/w1/masters/omap-hdq b/Documentation/w1/masters/omap-hdq index ca722e0..884dc28 100644 --- a/Documentation/w1/masters/omap-hdq +++ b/Documentation/w1/masters/omap-hdq @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Supported chips: A useful link about HDQ basics: =============================== -http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/slua408/slua408.pdf +http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/slua408a/slua408a.pdf Description: ============ diff --git a/Documentation/w1/w1.generic b/Documentation/w1/w1.generic index e3333ee..212f4ac 100644 --- a/Documentation/w1/w1.generic +++ b/Documentation/w1/w1.generic @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ When a w1 master driver registers with the w1 subsystem, the following occurs: - sysfs entries for that w1 master are created - the w1 bus is periodically searched for new slave devices -When a device is found on the bus, w1 core checks if driver for it's family is +When a device is found on the bus, w1 core checks if driver for its family is loaded. If so, the family driver is attached to the slave. If there is no driver for the family, default one is assigned, which allows to perform almost any kind of operations. Each logical operation is a transaction diff --git a/Documentation/watchdog/00-INDEX b/Documentation/watchdog/00-INDEX index c3ea47e..ee99451 100644 --- a/Documentation/watchdog/00-INDEX +++ b/Documentation/watchdog/00-INDEX @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ 00-INDEX - this file. +hpwdt.txt + - information on the HP iLO2 NMI watchdog pcwd-watchdog.txt - documentation for Berkshire Products PC Watchdog ISA cards. src/ - directory holding watchdog related example programs. watchdog-api.txt - description of the Linux Watchdog driver API. +watchdog-parameters.txt + - information on driver parameters (for drivers other than + the ones that have driver-specific files here) wdt.txt - description of the Watchdog Timer Interfaces for Linux. diff --git a/Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-parameters.txt b/Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-parameters.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..17ddd82 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-parameters.txt @@ -0,0 +1,395 @@ +This file provides information on the module parameters of many of +the Linux watchdog drivers. Watchdog driver parameter specs should +be listed here unless the driver has its own driver-specific information +file. + + +See Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt for information on +providing kernel parameters for builtin drivers versus loadable +modules. + + +------------------------------------------------- +acquirewdt: +wdt_stop: Acquire WDT 'stop' io port (default 0x43) +wdt_start: Acquire WDT 'start' io port (default 0x443) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +advantechwdt: +wdt_stop: Advantech WDT 'stop' io port (default 0x443) +wdt_start: Advantech WDT 'start' io port (default 0x443) +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds. 1<= timeout <=63, default=60. +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +alim1535_wdt: +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds. (0 < timeout < 18000, default=60 +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +alim7101_wdt: +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds. (1<=timeout<=3600, default=30 +use_gpio: Use the gpio watchdog (required by old cobalt boards). + default=0/off/no +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +ar7_wdt: +margin: Watchdog margin in seconds (default=60) +nowayout: Disable watchdog shutdown on close + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +at32ap700x_wdt: +timeout: Timeout value. Limited to be 1 or 2 seconds. (default=2) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +at91rm9200_wdt: +wdt_time: Watchdog time in seconds. (default=5) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +at91sam9_wdt: +heartbeat: Watchdog heartbeats in seconds. (default = 15) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +bcm47xx_wdt: +wdt_time: Watchdog time in seconds. (default=30) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +bfin_wdt: +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds. (1<=timeout<=((2^32)/SCLK), default=20) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +coh901327_wdt: +margin: Watchdog margin in seconds (default 60s) +------------------------------------------------- +cpu5wdt: +port: base address of watchdog card, default is 0x91 +verbose: be verbose, default is 0 (no) +ticks: count down ticks, default is 10000 +------------------------------------------------- +cpwd: +wd0_timeout: Default watchdog0 timeout in 1/10secs +wd1_timeout: Default watchdog1 timeout in 1/10secs +wd2_timeout: Default watchdog2 timeout in 1/10secs +------------------------------------------------- +davinci_wdt: +heartbeat: Watchdog heartbeat period in seconds from 1 to 600, default 60 +------------------------------------------------- +ep93xx_wdt: +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds. (1<=timeout<=3600, default=TBD) +------------------------------------------------- +eurotechwdt: +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +io: Eurotech WDT io port (default=0x3f0) +irq: Eurotech WDT irq (default=10) +ev: Eurotech WDT event type (default is `int') +------------------------------------------------- +gef_wdt: +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +geodewdt: +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds. 1<= timeout <=131, default=60. +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +i6300esb: +heartbeat: Watchdog heartbeat in seconds. (1<heartbeat<2046, default=30) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +iTCO_wdt: +heartbeat: Watchdog heartbeat in seconds. + (2<heartbeat<39 (TCO v1) or 613 (TCO v2), default=30) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +iTCO_vendor_support: +vendorsupport: iTCO vendor specific support mode, default=0 (none), + 1=SuperMicro Pent3, 2=SuperMicro Pent4+, 911=Broken SMI BIOS +------------------------------------------------- +ib700wdt: +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds. 0<= timeout <=30, default=30. +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +ibmasr: +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +imx2_wdt: +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds (default 60 s) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +indydog: +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +iop_wdt: +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +it8712f_wdt: +margin: Watchdog margin in seconds (default 60) +nowayout: Disable watchdog shutdown on close + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +it87_wdt: +nogameport: Forbid the activation of game port, default=0 +exclusive: Watchdog exclusive device open, default=1 +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds, default=60 +testmode: Watchdog test mode (1 = no reboot), default=0 +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +ixp2000_wdt: +heartbeat: Watchdog heartbeat in seconds (default 60s) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +ixp4xx_wdt: +heartbeat: Watchdog heartbeat in seconds (default 60s) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +ks8695_wdt: +wdt_time: Watchdog time in seconds. (default=5) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +machzwd: +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +action: after watchdog resets, generate: + 0 = RESET(*) 1 = SMI 2 = NMI 3 = SCI +------------------------------------------------- +max63xx_wdt: +heartbeat: Watchdog heartbeat period in seconds from 1 to 60, default 60 +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +nodelay: Force selection of a timeout setting without initial delay + (max6373/74 only, default=0) +------------------------------------------------- +mixcomwd: +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +mpc8xxx_wdt: +timeout: Watchdog timeout in ticks. (0<timeout<65536, default=65535) +reset: Watchdog Interrupt/Reset Mode. 0 = interrupt, 1 = reset +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +mpcore_wdt: +mpcore_margin: MPcore timer margin in seconds. + (0 < mpcore_margin < 65536, default=60) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +mpcore_noboot: MPcore watchdog action, set to 1 to ignore reboots, + 0 to reboot (default=0 +------------------------------------------------- +mv64x60_wdt: +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +nuc900_wdt: +heartbeat: Watchdog heartbeats in seconds. + (default = 15) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +omap_wdt: +timer_margin: initial watchdog timeout (in seconds) +------------------------------------------------- +orion_wdt: +heartbeat: Initial watchdog heartbeat in seconds +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +pc87413_wdt: +io: pc87413 WDT I/O port (default: io). +timeout: Watchdog timeout in minutes (default=timeout). +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +pika_wdt: +heartbeat: Watchdog heartbeats in seconds. (default = 15) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +pnx4008_wdt: +heartbeat: Watchdog heartbeat period in seconds from 1 to 60, default 19 +nowayout: Set to 1 to keep watchdog running after device release +------------------------------------------------- +pnx833x_wdt: +timeout: Watchdog timeout in Mhz. (68Mhz clock), default=2040000000 (30 seconds) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +start_enabled: Watchdog is started on module insertion (default=1) +------------------------------------------------- +rc32434_wdt: +timeout: Watchdog timeout value, in seconds (default=20) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +riowd: +riowd_timeout: Watchdog timeout in minutes (default=1) +------------------------------------------------- +s3c2410_wdt: +tmr_margin: Watchdog tmr_margin in seconds. (default=15) +tmr_atboot: Watchdog is started at boot time if set to 1, default=0 +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +soft_noboot: Watchdog action, set to 1 to ignore reboots, 0 to reboot +debug: Watchdog debug, set to >1 for debug, (default 0) +------------------------------------------------- +sa1100_wdt: +margin: Watchdog margin in seconds (default 60s) +------------------------------------------------- +sb_wdog: +timeout: Watchdog timeout in microseconds (max/default 8388607 or 8.3ish secs) +------------------------------------------------- +sbc60xxwdt: +wdt_stop: SBC60xx WDT 'stop' io port (default 0x45) +wdt_start: SBC60xx WDT 'start' io port (default 0x443) +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds. (1<=timeout<=3600, default=30) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +sbc7240_wdt: +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds. (1<=timeout<=255, default=30) +nowayout: Disable watchdog when closing device file +------------------------------------------------- +sbc8360: +timeout: Index into timeout table (0-63) (default=27 (60s)) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +sbc_epx_c3: +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +sbc_fitpc2_wdt: +margin: Watchdog margin in seconds (default 60s) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started +------------------------------------------------- +sc1200wdt: +isapnp: When set to 0 driver ISA PnP support will be disabled (default=1) +io: io port +timeout: range is 0-255 minutes, default is 1 +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +sc520_wdt: +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds. (1 <= timeout <= 3600, default=30) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +sch311x_wdt: +force_id: Override the detected device ID +therm_trip: Should a ThermTrip trigger the reset generator +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds. 1<= timeout <=15300, default=60 +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +scx200_wdt: +margin: Watchdog margin in seconds +nowayout: Disable watchdog shutdown on close +------------------------------------------------- +shwdt: +clock_division_ratio: Clock division ratio. Valid ranges are from 0x5 (1.31ms) + to 0x7 (5.25ms). (default=7) +heartbeat: Watchdog heartbeat in seconds. (1 <= heartbeat <= 3600, default=30 +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +smsc37b787_wdt: +timeout: range is 1-255 units, default is 60 +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +softdog: +soft_margin: Watchdog soft_margin in seconds. + (0 < soft_margin < 65536, default=60) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +soft_noboot: Softdog action, set to 1 to ignore reboots, 0 to reboot + (default=0) +------------------------------------------------- +stmp3xxx_wdt: +heartbeat: Watchdog heartbeat period in seconds from 1 to 4194304, default 19 +------------------------------------------------- +ts72xx_wdt: +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds. (1 <= timeout <= 8, default=8) +nowayout: Disable watchdog shutdown on close +------------------------------------------------- +twl4030_wdt: +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +txx9wdt: +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds. (0<timeout<N, default=60) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +w83627hf_wdt: +wdt_io: w83627hf/thf WDT io port (default 0x2E) +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds. 1 <= timeout <= 255, default=60. +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +w83697hf_wdt: +wdt_io: w83697hf/hg WDT io port (default 0x2e, 0 = autodetect) +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds. 1<= timeout <=255 (default=60) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +early_disable: Watchdog gets disabled at boot time (default=1) +------------------------------------------------- +w83697ug_wdt: +wdt_io: w83697ug/uf WDT io port (default 0x2e) +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds. 1<= timeout <=255 (default=60) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +w83877f_wdt: +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds. (1<=timeout<=3600, default=30) +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +w83977f_wdt: +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds (15..7635), default=45) +testmode: Watchdog testmode (1 = no reboot), default=0 +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +wafer5823wdt: +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds. 1 <= timeout <= 255, default=60. +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +wdt285: +soft_margin: Watchdog timeout in seconds (default=60) +------------------------------------------------- +wdt977: +timeout: Watchdog timeout in seconds (60..15300, default=60) +testmode: Watchdog testmode (1 = no reboot), default=0 +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +wm831x_wdt: +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- +wm8350_wdt: +nowayout: Watchdog cannot be stopped once started + (default=kernel config parameter) +------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/watchdog/wdt.txt b/Documentation/watchdog/wdt.txt index 03fd756..061c2e3 100644 --- a/Documentation/watchdog/wdt.txt +++ b/Documentation/watchdog/wdt.txt @@ -14,14 +14,22 @@ reboot will depend on the state of the machines and interrupts. The hardware boards physically pull the machine down off their own onboard timers and will reboot from almost anything. -A second temperature monitoring interface is available on the WDT501P cards +A second temperature monitoring interface is available on the WDT501P cards. This provides /dev/temperature. This is the machine internal temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. Each read returns a single byte giving the temperature. The third interface logs kernel messages on additional alert events. -The wdt card cannot be safely probed for. Instead you need to pass -wdt=ioaddr,irq as a boot parameter - eg "wdt=0x240,11". +The ICS ISA-bus wdt card cannot be safely probed for. Instead you need to +pass IO address and IRQ boot parameters. E.g.: + wdt.io=0x240 wdt.irq=11 + +Other "wdt" driver parameters are: + heartbeat Watchdog heartbeat in seconds (default 60) + nowayout Watchdog cannot be stopped once started (kernel + build parameter) + tachometer WDT501-P Fan Tachometer support (0=disable, default=0) + type WDT501-P Card type (500 or 501, default=500) Features -------- @@ -40,4 +48,3 @@ Minor numbers are however allocated for it. Example Watchdog Driver: see Documentation/watchdog/src/watchdog-simple.c - diff --git a/Documentation/x86/zero-page.txt b/Documentation/x86/zero-page.txt index feb37e1..cf5437d 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86/zero-page.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/zero-page.txt @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ Offset Proto Name Meaning 080/010 ALL hd0_info hd0 disk parameter, OBSOLETE!! 090/010 ALL hd1_info hd1 disk parameter, OBSOLETE!! 0A0/010 ALL sys_desc_table System description table (struct sys_desc_table) +0B0/010 ALL olpc_ofw_header OLPC's OpenFirmware CIF and friends 140/080 ALL edid_info Video mode setup (struct edid_info) 1C0/020 ALL efi_info EFI 32 information (struct efi_info) 1E0/004 ALL alk_mem_k Alternative mem check, in KB diff --git a/Documentation/zh_CN/HOWTO b/Documentation/zh_CN/HOWTO index 3d80e8a..6916077 100644 --- a/Documentation/zh_CN/HOWTO +++ b/Documentation/zh_CN/HOWTO @@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ Linux内核代码中包含有大量的文档。这些文档对于学习如何与 其他关于如何正确地生成补丁的优秀文档包括： "The Perfect Patch" - http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/stuff/tpp.txt + http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/stuff/tpp.txt "Linux kernel patch submission format" http://linux.yyz.us/patch-format.html @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ Linux内核代码中包含有大量的文档。这些文档对于学习如何与 如果你想加入内核开发社区并协助完成一些任务，却找不到从哪里开始，可以访问 “Linux内核房管员”计划： - http://janitor.kernelnewbies.org/ + http://kernelnewbies.org/KernelJanitors 这是极佳的起点。它提供一个相对简单的任务列表，列出内核代码中需要被重新 整理或者改正的地方。通过和负责这个计划的开发者们一同工作，你会学到将补丁 集成进内核的基本原理。如果还没有决定下一步要做什么的话，你还可能会得到方 @@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ Linux内核社区并不喜欢一下接收大段的代码。修改需要被恰当 想了解它具体应该看起来像什么，请查阅以下文档中的“ChangeLog”章节： “The Perfect Patch” - http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/stuff/tpp.txt + http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/stuff/tpp.txt 这些事情有时候做起来很难。要在任何方面都做到完美可能需要好几年时间。这是 @@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ Linux内核社区并不喜欢一下接收大段的代码。修改需要被恰当 --------------- 感谢Paolo Ciarrocchi允许“开发流程”部分基于他所写的文章 -(http://linux.tar.bz/articles/2.6-development_process)，感谢Randy +(http://www.kerneltravel.net/newbie/2.6-development_process)，感谢Randy Dunlap和Gerrit Huizenga完善了应该说和不该说的列表。感谢Pat Mochel, Hanna Linder, Randy Dunlap, Kay Sievers, Vojtech Pavlik, Jan Kara, Josh Boyer, Kees Cook, Andrew Morton, Andi Kleen, Vadim Lobanov, Jesper Juhl, Adrian diff --git a/Documentation/zh_CN/SubmittingDrivers b/Documentation/zh_CN/SubmittingDrivers index 5f4815c..c27b0f6 100644 --- a/Documentation/zh_CN/SubmittingDrivers +++ b/Documentation/zh_CN/SubmittingDrivers @@ -165,4 +165,4 @@ Linux USB项目： http://www.fenrus.org/how-to-not-write-a-device-driver-paper.pdf 内核清洁工 (Kernel Janitor): - http://janitor.kernelnewbies.org/ + http://kernelnewbies.org/KernelJanitors diff --git a/Documentation/zh_CN/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/zh_CN/SubmittingPatches index 985c92e..9a1a6e1 100644 --- a/Documentation/zh_CN/SubmittingPatches +++ b/Documentation/zh_CN/SubmittingPatches @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Quilt: http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/quilt Andrew Morton 的补丁脚本: -http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/ +http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/stuff/patch-scripts.tar.gz 作为这些脚本的替代，quilt 是值得推荐的补丁管理工具(看上面的链接)。 2)描述你的改动。 @@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ MAITAINERS 文件里的）发送一个手册页（man-pages）补丁，或者至 人拷贝，只要它是琐碎的） 任何文件的作者/维护者对该文件的改动（例如 patch monkey 在重传模式下） -URL: <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/bunk/trivial/> +EMAIL: trivial@kernel.org (译注，关于“琐碎补丁”的一些说明：因为原文的这一部分写得比较简单，所以不得不 违例写一下译注。"trivial"这个英文单词的本意是“琐碎的，不重要的。”但是在这里 @@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ Static inline 函数相比宏来说，是好得多的选择。Static inline 函 ---------------- Andrew Morton, "The perfect patch" (tpp). - <http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/stuff/tpp.txt> + <http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/stuff/tpp.txt> Jeff Garzik, "Linux kernel patch submission format". <http://linux.yyz.us/patch-format.html> diff --git a/Documentation/zh_CN/sparse.txt b/Documentation/zh_CN/sparse.txt index 75992a6..cc144e5 100644 --- a/Documentation/zh_CN/sparse.txt +++ b/Documentation/zh_CN/sparse.txt @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Documentation/sparse.txt 的中文翻译 --------------------------------------------------------------------- Copyright 2004 Linus Torvalds -Copyright 2004 Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz> +Copyright 2004 Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> Copyright 2006 Bob Copeland <me@bobcopeland.com> 使用 sparse 工具做类型检查 |
