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diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/sn9c102.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/sn9c102.txt deleted file mode 100644 index b4f6704..0000000 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/sn9c102.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,592 +0,0 @@ - - SN9C1xx PC Camera Controllers - Driver for Linux - ============================= - - - Documentation - - - -Index -===== -1. Copyright -2. Disclaimer -3. License -4. Overview and features -5. Module dependencies -6. Module loading -7. Module parameters -8. Optional device control through "sysfs" -9. Supported devices -10. Notes for V4L2 application developers -11. Video frame formats -12. Contact information -13. Credits - - -1. Copyright -============ -Copyright (C) 2004-2007 by Luca Risolia <luca.risolia@studio.unibo.it> - - -2. Disclaimer -============= -SONiX is a trademark of SONiX Technology Company Limited, inc. -This software is not sponsored or developed by SONiX. - - -3. License -========== -This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify -it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or -(at your option) any later version. - -This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -GNU General Public License for more details. - -You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software -Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. - - -4. Overview and features -======================== -This driver attempts to support the video interface of the devices assembling -the SONiX SN9C101, SN9C102, SN9C103, SN9C105 and SN9C120 PC Camera Controllers -("SN9C1xx" from now on). - -The driver relies on the Video4Linux2 and USB core modules. It has been -designed to run properly on SMP systems as well. - -The latest version of the SN9C1xx driver can be found at the following URL: -http://www.linux-projects.org/ - -Some of the features of the driver are: - -- full compliance with the Video4Linux2 API (see also "Notes for V4L2 - application developers" paragraph); -- available mmap or read/poll methods for video streaming through isochronous - data transfers; -- automatic detection of image sensor; -- support for built-in microphone interface; -- support for any window resolutions and optional panning within the maximum - pixel area of image sensor; -- image downscaling with arbitrary scaling factors from 1, 2 and 4 in both - directions (see "Notes for V4L2 application developers" paragraph); -- two different video formats for uncompressed or compressed data in low or - high compression quality (see also "Notes for V4L2 application developers" - and "Video frame formats" paragraphs); -- full support for the capabilities of many of the possible image sensors that - can be connected to the SN9C1xx bridges, including, for instance, red, green, - blue and global gain adjustments and exposure (see "Supported devices" - paragraph for details); -- use of default color settings for sunlight conditions; -- dynamic I/O interface for both SN9C1xx and image sensor control and - monitoring (see "Optional device control through 'sysfs'" paragraph); -- dynamic driver control thanks to various module parameters (see "Module - parameters" paragraph); -- up to 64 cameras can be handled at the same time; they can be connected and - disconnected from the host many times without turning off the computer, if - the system supports hotplugging; -- no known bugs. - - -5. Module dependencies -====================== -For it to work properly, the driver needs kernel support for Video4Linux and -USB. - -The following options of the kernel configuration file must be enabled and -corresponding modules must be compiled: - - # Multimedia devices - # - CONFIG_VIDEO_DEV=m - -To enable advanced debugging functionality on the device through /sysfs: - - # Multimedia devices - # - CONFIG_VIDEO_ADV_DEBUG=y - - # USB support - # - CONFIG_USB=m - -In addition, depending on the hardware being used, the modules below are -necessary: - - # USB Host Controller Drivers - # - CONFIG_USB_EHCI_HCD=m - CONFIG_USB_UHCI_HCD=m - CONFIG_USB_OHCI_HCD=m - -The SN9C103, SN9c105 and SN9C120 controllers also provide a built-in microphone -interface. It is supported by the USB Audio driver thanks to the ALSA API: - - # Sound - # - CONFIG_SOUND=y - - # Advanced Linux Sound Architecture - # - CONFIG_SND=m - - # USB devices - # - CONFIG_SND_USB_AUDIO=m - -And finally: - - # USB Multimedia devices - # - CONFIG_USB_SN9C102=m - - -6. Module loading -================= -To use the driver, it is necessary to load the "sn9c102" module into memory -after every other module required: "videodev", "v4l2_common", "compat_ioctl32", -"usbcore" and, depending on the USB host controller you have, "ehci-hcd", -"uhci-hcd" or "ohci-hcd". - -Loading can be done as shown below: - - [root@localhost home]# modprobe sn9c102 - -Note that the module is called "sn9c102" for historic reasons, although it -does not just support the SN9C102. - -At this point all the devices supported by the driver and connected to the USB -ports should be recognized. You can invoke "dmesg" to analyze kernel messages -and verify that the loading process has gone well: - - [user@localhost home]$ dmesg - -or, to isolate all the kernel messages generated by the driver: - - [user@localhost home]$ dmesg | grep sn9c102 - - -7. Module parameters -==================== -Module parameters are listed below: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -Name: video_nr -Type: short array (min = 0, max = 64) -Syntax: <-1|n[,...]> -Description: Specify V4L2 minor mode number: - -1 = use next available - n = use minor number n - You can specify up to 64 cameras this way. - For example: - video_nr=-1,2,-1 would assign minor number 2 to the second - recognized camera and use auto for the first one and for every - other camera. -Default: -1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -Name: force_munmap -Type: bool array (min = 0, max = 64) -Syntax: <0|1[,...]> -Description: Force the application to unmap previously mapped buffer memory - before calling any VIDIOC_S_CROP or VIDIOC_S_FMT ioctl's. Not - all the applications support this feature. This parameter is - specific for each detected camera. - 0 = do not force memory unmapping - 1 = force memory unmapping (save memory) -Default: 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -Name: frame_timeout -Type: uint array (min = 0, max = 64) -Syntax: <0|n[,...]> -Description: Timeout for a video frame in seconds before returning an I/O - error; 0 for infinity. This parameter is specific for each - detected camera and can be changed at runtime thanks to the - /sys filesystem interface. -Default: 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -Name: debug -Type: ushort -Syntax: <n> -Description: Debugging information level, from 0 to 3: - 0 = none (use carefully) - 1 = critical errors - 2 = significant information - 3 = more verbose messages - Level 3 is useful for testing only. It also shows some more - information about the hardware being detected. - This parameter can be changed at runtime thanks to the /sys - filesystem interface. -Default: 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - -8. Optional device control through "sysfs" [1] -========================================== -If the kernel has been compiled with the CONFIG_VIDEO_ADV_DEBUG option enabled, -it is possible to read and write both the SN9C1xx and the image sensor -registers by using the "sysfs" filesystem interface. - -Every time a supported device is recognized, a write-only file named "green" is -created in the /sys/class/video4linux/videoX directory. You can set the green -channel's gain by writing the desired value to it. The value may range from 0 -to 15 for the SN9C101 or SN9C102 bridges, from 0 to 127 for the SN9C103, -SN9C105 and SN9C120 bridges. -Similarly, only for the SN9C103, SN9C105 and SN9C120 controllers, blue and red -gain control files are available in the same directory, for which accepted -values may range from 0 to 127. - -There are other four entries in the directory above for each registered camera: -"reg", "val", "i2c_reg" and "i2c_val". The first two files control the -SN9C1xx bridge, while the other two control the sensor chip. "reg" and -"i2c_reg" hold the values of the current register index where the following -reading/writing operations are addressed at through "val" and "i2c_val". Their -use is not intended for end-users. Note that "i2c_reg" and "i2c_val" will not -be created if the sensor does not actually support the standard I2C protocol or -its registers are not 8-bit long. Also, remember that you must be logged in as -root before writing to them. - -As an example, suppose we were to want to read the value contained in the -register number 1 of the sensor register table - which is usually the product -identifier - of the camera registered as "/dev/video0": - - [root@localhost #] cd /sys/class/video4linux/video0 - [root@localhost #] echo 1 > i2c_reg - [root@localhost #] cat i2c_val - -Note that "cat" will fail if sensor registers cannot be read. - -Now let's set the green gain's register of the SN9C101 or SN9C102 chips to 2: - - [root@localhost #] echo 0x11 > reg - [root@localhost #] echo 2 > val - -Note that the SN9C1xx always returns 0 when some of its registers are read. -To avoid race conditions, all the I/O accesses to the above files are -serialized. -The sysfs interface also provides the "frame_header" entry, which exports the -frame header of the most recent requested and captured video frame. The header -is always 18-bytes long and is appended to every video frame by the SN9C1xx -controllers. As an example, this additional information can be used by the user -application for implementing auto-exposure features via software. - -The following table describes the frame header exported by the SN9C101 and -SN9C102: - -Byte # Value or bits Description ------- ------------- ----------- -0x00 0xFF Frame synchronisation pattern -0x01 0xFF Frame synchronisation pattern -0x02 0x00 Frame synchronisation pattern -0x03 0xC4 Frame synchronisation pattern -0x04 0xC4 Frame synchronisation pattern -0x05 0x96 Frame synchronisation pattern -0x06 [3:0] Read channel gain control = (1+R_GAIN/8) - [7:4] Blue channel gain control = (1+B_GAIN/8) -0x07 [ 0 ] Compression mode. 0=No compression, 1=Compression enabled - [2:1] Maximum scale factor for compression - [ 3 ] 1 = USB fifo(2K bytes) is full - [ 4 ] 1 = Digital gain is finish - [ 5 ] 1 = Exposure is finish - [7:6] Frame index -0x08 [7:0] Y sum inside Auto-Exposure area (low-byte) -0x09 [7:0] Y sum inside Auto-Exposure area (high-byte) - where Y sum = (R/4 + 5G/16 + B/8) / 32 -0x0A [7:0] Y sum outside Auto-Exposure area (low-byte) -0x0B [7:0] Y sum outside Auto-Exposure area (high-byte) - where Y sum = (R/4 + 5G/16 + B/8) / 128 -0x0C 0xXX Not used -0x0D 0xXX Not used -0x0E 0xXX Not used -0x0F 0xXX Not used -0x10 0xXX Not used -0x11 0xXX Not used - -The following table describes the frame header exported by the SN9C103: - -Byte # Value or bits Description ------- ------------- ----------- -0x00 0xFF Frame synchronisation pattern -0x01 0xFF Frame synchronisation pattern -0x02 0x00 Frame synchronisation pattern -0x03 0xC4 Frame synchronisation pattern -0x04 0xC4 Frame synchronisation pattern -0x05 0x96 Frame synchronisation pattern -0x06 [6:0] Read channel gain control = (1/2+R_GAIN/64) -0x07 [6:0] Blue channel gain control = (1/2+B_GAIN/64) - [7:4] -0x08 [ 0 ] Compression mode. 0=No compression, 1=Compression enabled - [2:1] Maximum scale factor for compression - [ 3 ] 1 = USB fifo(2K bytes) is full - [ 4 ] 1 = Digital gain is finish - [ 5 ] 1 = Exposure is finish - [7:6] Frame index -0x09 [7:0] Y sum inside Auto-Exposure area (low-byte) -0x0A [7:0] Y sum inside Auto-Exposure area (high-byte) - where Y sum = (R/4 + 5G/16 + B/8) / 32 -0x0B [7:0] Y sum outside Auto-Exposure area (low-byte) -0x0C [7:0] Y sum outside Auto-Exposure area (high-byte) - where Y sum = (R/4 + 5G/16 + B/8) / 128 -0x0D [1:0] Audio frame number - [ 2 ] 1 = Audio is recording -0x0E [7:0] Audio summation (low-byte) -0x0F [7:0] Audio summation (high-byte) -0x10 [7:0] Audio sample count -0x11 [7:0] Audio peak data in audio frame - -The AE area (sx, sy, ex, ey) in the active window can be set by programming the -registers 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e and 0x1f of the SN9C1xx controllers, where one unit -corresponds to 32 pixels. - -[1] The frame headers exported by the SN9C105 and SN9C120 are not described. - - -9. Supported devices -==================== -None of the names of the companies as well as their products will be mentioned -here. They have never collaborated with the author, so no advertising. - -From the point of view of a driver, what unambiguously identify a device are -its vendor and product USB identifiers. Below is a list of known identifiers of -devices assembling the SN9C1xx PC camera controllers: - -Vendor ID Product ID ---------- ---------- -0x0458 0x7025 -0x045e 0x00f5 -0x045e 0x00f7 -0x0471 0x0327 -0x0471 0x0328 -0x0c45 0x6001 -0x0c45 0x6005 -0x0c45 0x6007 -0x0c45 0x6009 -0x0c45 0x600d -0x0c45 0x6011 -0x0c45 0x6019 -0x0c45 0x6024 -0x0c45 0x6025 -0x0c45 0x6028 -0x0c45 0x6029 -0x0c45 0x602a -0x0c45 0x602b -0x0c45 0x602c -0x0c45 0x602d -0x0c45 0x602e -0x0c45 0x6030 -0x0c45 0x603f -0x0c45 0x6080 -0x0c45 0x6082 -0x0c45 0x6083 -0x0c45 0x6088 -0x0c45 0x608a -0x0c45 0x608b -0x0c45 0x608c -0x0c45 0x608e -0x0c45 0x608f -0x0c45 0x60a0 -0x0c45 0x60a2 -0x0c45 0x60a3 -0x0c45 0x60a8 -0x0c45 0x60aa -0x0c45 0x60ab -0x0c45 0x60ac -0x0c45 0x60ae -0x0c45 0x60af -0x0c45 0x60b0 -0x0c45 0x60b2 -0x0c45 0x60b3 -0x0c45 0x60b8 -0x0c45 0x60ba -0x0c45 0x60bb -0x0c45 0x60bc -0x0c45 0x60be -0x0c45 0x60c0 -0x0c45 0x60c2 -0x0c45 0x60c8 -0x0c45 0x60cc -0x0c45 0x60ea -0x0c45 0x60ec -0x0c45 0x60ef -0x0c45 0x60fa -0x0c45 0x60fb -0x0c45 0x60fc -0x0c45 0x60fe -0x0c45 0x6102 -0x0c45 0x6108 -0x0c45 0x610f -0x0c45 0x6130 -0x0c45 0x6138 -0x0c45 0x613a -0x0c45 0x613b -0x0c45 0x613c -0x0c45 0x613e - -The list above does not imply that all those devices work with this driver: up -until now only the ones that assemble the following pairs of SN9C1xx bridges -and image sensors are supported; kernel messages will always tell you whether -this is the case (see "Module loading" paragraph): - -Image sensor / SN9C1xx bridge | SN9C10[12] SN9C103 SN9C105 SN9C120 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -HV7131D Hynix Semiconductor | Yes No No No -HV7131R Hynix Semiconductor | No Yes Yes Yes -MI-0343 Micron Technology | Yes No No No -MI-0360 Micron Technology | No Yes Yes Yes -OV7630 OmniVision Technologies | Yes Yes Yes Yes -OV7660 OmniVision Technologies | No No Yes Yes -PAS106B PixArt Imaging | Yes No No No -PAS202B PixArt Imaging | Yes Yes No No -TAS5110C1B Taiwan Advanced Sensor | Yes No No No -TAS5110D Taiwan Advanced Sensor | Yes No No No -TAS5130D1B Taiwan Advanced Sensor | Yes No No No - -"Yes" means that the pair is supported by the driver, while "No" means that the -pair does not exist or is not supported by the driver. - -Only some of the available control settings of each image sensor are supported -through the V4L2 interface. - -Donations of new models for further testing and support would be much -appreciated. Non-available hardware will not be supported by the author of this -driver. - - -10. Notes for V4L2 application developers -========================================= -This driver follows the V4L2 API specifications. In particular, it enforces two -rules: - -- exactly one I/O method, either "mmap" or "read", is associated with each -file descriptor. Once it is selected, the application must close and reopen the -device to switch to the other I/O method; - -- although it is not mandatory, previously mapped buffer memory should always -be unmapped before calling any "VIDIOC_S_CROP" or "VIDIOC_S_FMT" ioctl's. -The same number of buffers as before will be allocated again to match the size -of the new video frames, so you have to map the buffers again before any I/O -attempts on them. - -Consistently with the hardware limits, this driver also supports image -downscaling with arbitrary scaling factors from 1, 2 and 4 in both directions. -However, the V4L2 API specifications don't correctly define how the scaling -factor can be chosen arbitrarily by the "negotiation" of the "source" and -"target" rectangles. To work around this flaw, we have added the convention -that, during the negotiation, whenever the "VIDIOC_S_CROP" ioctl is issued, the -scaling factor is restored to 1. - -This driver supports two different video formats: the first one is the "8-bit -Sequential Bayer" format and can be used to obtain uncompressed video data -from the device through the current I/O method, while the second one provides -either "raw" compressed video data (without frame headers not related to the -compressed data) or standard JPEG (with frame headers). The compression quality -may vary from 0 to 1 and can be selected or queried thanks to the -VIDIOC_S_JPEGCOMP and VIDIOC_G_JPEGCOMP V4L2 ioctl's. For maximum flexibility, -both the default active video format and the default compression quality -depend on how the image sensor being used is initialized. - - -11. Video frame formats [1] -======================= -The SN9C1xx PC Camera Controllers can send images in two possible video -formats over the USB: either native "Sequential RGB Bayer" or compressed. -The compression is used to achieve high frame rates. With regard to the -SN9C101, SN9C102 and SN9C103, the compression is based on the Huffman encoding -algorithm described below, while with regard to the SN9C105 and SN9C120 the -compression is based on the JPEG standard. -The current video format may be selected or queried from the user application -by calling the VIDIOC_S_FMT or VIDIOC_G_FMT ioctl's, as described in the V4L2 -API specifications. - -The name "Sequential Bayer" indicates the organization of the red, green and -blue pixels in one video frame. Each pixel is associated with a 8-bit long -value and is disposed in memory according to the pattern shown below: - -B[0] G[1] B[2] G[3] ... B[m-2] G[m-1] -G[m] R[m+1] G[m+2] R[m+2] ... G[2m-2] R[2m-1] -... -... B[(n-1)(m-2)] G[(n-1)(m-1)] -... G[n(m-2)] R[n(m-1)] - -The above matrix also represents the sequential or progressive read-out mode of -the (n, m) Bayer color filter array used in many CCD or CMOS image sensors. - -The Huffman compressed video frame consists of a bitstream that encodes for -every R, G, or B pixel the difference between the value of the pixel itself and -some reference pixel value. Pixels are organised in the Bayer pattern and the -Bayer sub-pixels are tracked individually and alternatingly. For example, in -the first line values for the B and G1 pixels are alternatingly encoded, while -in the second line values for the G2 and R pixels are alternatingly encoded. - -The pixel reference value is calculated as follows: -- the 4 top left pixels are encoded in raw uncompressed 8-bit format; -- the value in the top two rows is the value of the pixel left of the current - pixel; -- the value in the left column is the value of the pixel above the current - pixel; -- for all other pixels, the reference value is the average of the value of the - pixel on the left and the value of the pixel above the current pixel; -- there is one code in the bitstream that specifies the value of a pixel - directly (in 4-bit resolution); -- pixel values need to be clamped inside the range [0..255] for proper - decoding. - -The algorithm purely describes the conversion from compressed Bayer code used -in the SN9C101, SN9C102 and SN9C103 chips to uncompressed Bayer. Additional -steps are required to convert this to a color image (i.e. a color interpolation -algorithm). - -The following Huffman codes have been found: -0: +0 (relative to reference pixel value) -100: +4 -101: -4? -1110xxxx: set absolute value to xxxx.0000 -1101: +11 -1111: -11 -11001: +20 -110000: -20 -110001: ??? - these codes are apparently not used - -[1] The Huffman compression algorithm has been reverse-engineered and - documented by Bertrik Sikken. - - -12. Contact information -======================= -The author may be contacted by e-mail at <luca.risolia@studio.unibo.it>. - -GPG/PGP encrypted e-mail's are accepted. The GPG key ID of the author is -'FCE635A4'; the public 1024-bit key should be available at any keyserver; -the fingerprint is: '88E8 F32F 7244 68BA 3958 5D40 99DA 5D2A FCE6 35A4'. - - -13. Credits -=========== -Many thanks to following persons for their contribute (listed in alphabetical -order): - -- David Anderson for the donation of a webcam; -- Luca Capello for the donation of a webcam; -- Philippe Coval for having helped testing the PAS202BCA image sensor; -- Joao Rodrigo Fuzaro, Joao Limirio, Claudio Filho and Caio Begotti for the - donation of a webcam; -- Dennis Heitmann for the donation of a webcam; -- Jon Hollstrom for the donation of a webcam; -- Nick McGill for the donation of a webcam; -- Carlos Eduardo Medaglia Dyonisio, who added the support for the PAS202BCB - image sensor; -- Stefano Mozzi, who donated 45 EU; -- Andrew Pearce for the donation of a webcam; -- John Pullan for the donation of a webcam; -- Bertrik Sikken, who reverse-engineered and documented the Huffman compression - algorithm used in the SN9C101, SN9C102 and SN9C103 controllers and - implemented the first decoder; -- Ronny Standke for the donation of a webcam; -- Mizuno Takafumi for the donation of a webcam; -- an "anonymous" donator (who didn't want his name to be revealed) for the - donation of a webcam. -- an anonymous donator for the donation of four webcams and two boards with ten - image sensors. |
