diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/perf/Documentation/perf-data.txt | 25 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/perf/Documentation/perf.txt | 7 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/perf/builtin-data.c | 44 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/perf/config/Makefile | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/perf/util/Build | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/perf/util/data-convert-bt.c | 612 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/perf/util/data-convert-bt.h | 8 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/perf/util/debug.c | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/perf/util/debug.h | 1 |
9 files changed, 701 insertions, 1 deletions
diff --git a/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-data.txt b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-data.txt index b8c8394..be8fa1a 100644 --- a/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-data.txt +++ b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-data.txt @@ -13,3 +13,28 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- Data file related processing. + +COMMANDS +-------- +convert:: + Converts perf data file into another format (only CTF [1] format is support by now). + It's possible to set data-convert debug variable to get debug messages from conversion, + like: + perf --debug data-convert data convert ... + +OPTIONS for 'convert' +--------------------- +--to-ctf:: + Triggers the CTF conversion, specify the path of CTF data directory. + +-i:: + Specify input perf data file path. + +-v:: +--verbose:: + Be more verbose (show counter open errors, etc). + +SEE ALSO +-------- +linkperf:perf[1] +[1] Common Trace Format - http://www.efficios.com/ctf diff --git a/tools/perf/Documentation/perf.txt b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf.txt index 1e8e400..2b13177 100644 --- a/tools/perf/Documentation/perf.txt +++ b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf.txt @@ -13,11 +13,16 @@ SYNOPSIS OPTIONS ------- --debug:: - Setup debug variable (just verbose for now) in value + Setup debug variable (see list below) in value range (0, 10). Use like: --debug verbose # sets verbose = 1 --debug verbose=2 # sets verbose = 2 + List of debug variables allowed to set: + verbose - general debug messages + ordered-events - ordered events object debug messages + data-convert - data convert command debug messages + --buildid-dir:: Setup buildid cache directory. It has higher priority than buildid.dir config file option. diff --git a/tools/perf/builtin-data.c b/tools/perf/builtin-data.c index 1eee97d..9705ba7 100644 --- a/tools/perf/builtin-data.c +++ b/tools/perf/builtin-data.c @@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ #include "perf.h" #include "debug.h" #include "parse-options.h" +#include "data-convert-bt.h" typedef int (*data_cmd_fn_t)(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix); @@ -41,7 +42,50 @@ static void print_usage(void) printf("\n"); } +static const char * const data_convert_usage[] = { + "perf data convert [<options>]", + NULL +}; + +static int cmd_data_convert(int argc, const char **argv, + const char *prefix __maybe_unused) +{ + const char *to_ctf = NULL; + const struct option options[] = { + OPT_INCR('v', "verbose", &verbose, "be more verbose"), + OPT_STRING('i', "input", &input_name, "file", "input file name"), +#ifdef HAVE_LIBBABELTRACE_SUPPORT + OPT_STRING(0, "to-ctf", &to_ctf, NULL, "Convert to CTF format"), +#endif + OPT_END() + }; + +#ifndef HAVE_LIBBABELTRACE_SUPPORT + pr_err("No conversion support compiled in.\n"); + return -1; +#endif + + argc = parse_options(argc, argv, options, + data_convert_usage, 0); + if (argc) { + usage_with_options(data_convert_usage, options); + return -1; + } + + if (to_ctf) { +#ifdef HAVE_LIBBABELTRACE_SUPPORT + return bt_convert__perf2ctf(input_name, to_ctf); +#else + pr_err("The libbabeltrace support is not compiled in.\n"); + return -1; +#endif + } + + return 0; +} + static struct data_cmd data_cmds[] = { + { "convert", "converts data file between formats", cmd_data_convert }, { NULL }, }; diff --git a/tools/perf/config/Makefile b/tools/perf/config/Makefile index 6f129b0..c3570b5 100644 --- a/tools/perf/config/Makefile +++ b/tools/perf/config/Makefile @@ -713,6 +713,7 @@ ifndef NO_LIBBABELTRACE CFLAGS += -DHAVE_LIBBABELTRACE_SUPPORT $(LIBBABELTRACE_CFLAGS) LDFLAGS += $(LIBBABELTRACE_LDFLAGS) EXTLIBS += -lbabeltrace-ctf + $(call detected,CONFIG_LIBBABELTRACE) endif endif diff --git a/tools/perf/util/Build b/tools/perf/util/Build index 32f9327..a2c8047 100644 --- a/tools/perf/util/Build +++ b/tools/perf/util/Build @@ -88,6 +88,8 @@ libperf-$(CONFIG_DWARF) += dwarf-aux.o libperf-$(CONFIG_LIBDW_DWARF_UNWIND) += unwind-libdw.o libperf-$(CONFIG_LIBUNWIND) += unwind-libunwind.o +libperf-$(CONFIG_LIBBABELTRACE) += data-convert-bt.o + libperf-y += scripting-engines/ libperf-$(CONFIG_PERF_REGS) += perf_regs.o diff --git a/tools/perf/util/data-convert-bt.c b/tools/perf/util/data-convert-bt.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff4826c --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/perf/util/data-convert-bt.c @@ -0,0 +1,612 @@ +/* + * CTF writing support via babeltrace. + * + * Copyright (C) 2014, Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> + * Copyright (C) 2014, Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de> + * + * Released under the GPL v2. (and only v2, not any later version) + */ + +#include <linux/compiler.h> +#include <babeltrace/ctf-writer/writer.h> +#include <babeltrace/ctf-writer/clock.h> +#include <babeltrace/ctf-writer/stream.h> +#include <babeltrace/ctf-writer/event.h> +#include <babeltrace/ctf-writer/event-types.h> +#include <babeltrace/ctf-writer/event-fields.h> +#include <babeltrace/ctf/events.h> +#include <traceevent/event-parse.h> +#include "asm/bug.h" +#include "data-convert-bt.h" +#include "session.h" +#include "util.h" +#include "debug.h" +#include "tool.h" +#include "evlist.h" +#include "evsel.h" +#include "machine.h" + +#define pr_N(n, fmt, ...) \ + eprintf(n, debug_data_convert, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__) + +#define pr(fmt, ...) pr_N(1, pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__) +#define pr2(fmt, ...) pr_N(2, pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__) + +#define pr_time2(t, fmt, ...) pr_time_N(2, debug_data_convert, t, pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__) + +struct evsel_priv { + struct bt_ctf_event_class *event_class; +}; + +struct ctf_writer { + /* writer primitives */ + struct bt_ctf_writer *writer; + struct bt_ctf_stream *stream; + struct bt_ctf_stream_class *stream_class; + struct bt_ctf_clock *clock; + + /* data types */ + union { + struct { + struct bt_ctf_field_type *s64; + struct bt_ctf_field_type *u64; + struct bt_ctf_field_type *s32; + struct bt_ctf_field_type *u32; + struct bt_ctf_field_type *string; + struct bt_ctf_field_type *u64_hex; + }; + struct bt_ctf_field_type *array[6]; + } data; +}; + +struct convert { + struct perf_tool tool; + struct ctf_writer writer; + + u64 events_size; + u64 events_count; +}; + +static int value_set(struct bt_ctf_field_type *type, + struct bt_ctf_event *event, + const char *name, u64 val) +{ + struct bt_ctf_field *field; + bool sign = bt_ctf_field_type_integer_get_signed(type); + int ret; + + field = bt_ctf_field_create(type); + if (!field) { + pr_err("failed to create a field %s\n", name); + return -1; + } + + if (sign) { + ret = bt_ctf_field_signed_integer_set_value(field, val); + if (ret) { + pr_err("failed to set field value %s\n", name); + goto err; + } + } else { + ret = bt_ctf_field_unsigned_integer_set_value(field, val); + if (ret) { + pr_err("failed to set field value %s\n", name); + goto err; + } + } + + ret = bt_ctf_event_set_payload(event, name, field); + if (ret) { + pr_err("failed to set payload %s\n", name); + goto err; + } + + pr2(" SET [%s = %" PRIu64 "]\n", name, val); + +err: + bt_ctf_field_put(field); + return ret; +} + +#define __FUNC_VALUE_SET(_name, _val_type) \ +static __maybe_unused int value_set_##_name(struct ctf_writer *cw, \ + struct bt_ctf_event *event, \ + const char *name, \ + _val_type val) \ +{ \ + struct bt_ctf_field_type *type = cw->data._name; \ + return value_set(type, event, name, (u64) val); \ +} + +#define FUNC_VALUE_SET(_name) __FUNC_VALUE_SET(_name, _name) + +FUNC_VALUE_SET(s32) +FUNC_VALUE_SET(u32) +FUNC_VALUE_SET(s64) +FUNC_VALUE_SET(u64) +__FUNC_VALUE_SET(u64_hex, u64) + +static int add_generic_values(struct ctf_writer *cw, + struct bt_ctf_event *event, + struct perf_evsel *evsel, + struct perf_sample *sample) +{ + u64 type = evsel->attr.sample_type; + int ret; + + /* + * missing: + * PERF_SAMPLE_TIME - not needed as we have it in + * ctf event header + * PERF_SAMPLE_READ - TODO + * PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN - TODO + * PERF_SAMPLE_RAW - tracepoint fields are handled separately + * PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK - TODO + * PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER - TODO + * PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER - TODO + */ + + if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_IP) { + ret = value_set_u64_hex(cw, event, "ip", sample->ip); + if (ret) + return -1; + } + + if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_TID) { + ret = value_set_s32(cw, event, "tid", sample->tid); + if (ret) + return -1; + + ret = value_set_s32(cw, event, "pid", sample->pid); + if (ret) + return -1; + } + + if ((type & PERF_SAMPLE_ID) || + (type & PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER)) { + ret = value_set_u64(cw, event, "id", sample->id); + if (ret) + return -1; + } + + if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID) { + ret = value_set_u64(cw, event, "stream_id", sample->stream_id); + if (ret) + return -1; + } + + if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_CPU) { + ret = value_set_u32(cw, event, "cpu", sample->cpu); + if (ret) + return -1; + } + + if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD) { + ret = value_set_u64(cw, event, "period", sample->period); + if (ret) + return -1; + } + + if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT) { + ret = value_set_u64(cw, event, "weight", sample->weight); + if (ret) + return -1; + } + + if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC) { + ret = value_set_u64(cw, event, "data_src", sample->data_src); + if (ret) + return -1; + } + + if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION) { + ret = value_set_u64(cw, event, "transaction", sample->transaction); + if (ret) + return -1; + } + + return 0; +} + +static int process_sample_event(struct perf_tool *tool, + union perf_event *_event __maybe_unused, + struct perf_sample *sample, + struct perf_evsel *evsel, + struct machine *machine __maybe_unused) +{ + struct convert *c = container_of(tool, struct convert, tool); + struct evsel_priv *priv = evsel->priv; + struct ctf_writer *cw = &c->writer; + struct bt_ctf_event_class *event_class; + struct bt_ctf_event *event; + int ret; + + if (WARN_ONCE(!priv, "Failed to setup all events.\n")) + return 0; + + event_class = priv->event_class; + + /* update stats */ + c->events_count++; + c->events_size += _event->header.size; + + pr_time2(sample->time, "sample %" PRIu64 "\n", c->events_count); + + event = bt_ctf_event_create(event_class); + if (!event) { + pr_err("Failed to create an CTF event\n"); + return -1; + } + + bt_ctf_clock_set_time(cw->clock, sample->time); + + ret = add_generic_values(cw, event, evsel, sample); + if (ret) + return -1; + + bt_ctf_stream_append_event(cw->stream, event); + bt_ctf_event_put(event); + return 0; +} + +static int add_generic_types(struct ctf_writer *cw, struct perf_evsel *evsel, + struct bt_ctf_event_class *event_class) +{ + u64 type = evsel->attr.sample_type; + + /* + * missing: + * PERF_SAMPLE_TIME - not needed as we have it in + * ctf event header + * PERF_SAMPLE_READ - TODO + * PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN - TODO + * PERF_SAMPLE_RAW - tracepoint fields are handled separately + * PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK - TODO + * PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER - TODO + * PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER - TODO + */ + +#define ADD_FIELD(cl, t, n) \ + do { \ + pr2(" field '%s'\n", n); \ + if (bt_ctf_event_class_add_field(cl, t, n)) { \ + pr_err("Failed to add field '%s;\n", n); \ + return -1; \ + } \ + } while (0) + + if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_IP) + ADD_FIELD(event_class, cw->data.u64_hex, "ip"); + + if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_TID) { + ADD_FIELD(event_class, cw->data.s32, "tid"); + ADD_FIELD(event_class, cw->data.s32, "pid"); + } + + if ((type & PERF_SAMPLE_ID) || + (type & PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER)) + ADD_FIELD(event_class, cw->data.u64, "id"); + + if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID) + ADD_FIELD(event_class, cw->data.u64, "stream_id"); + + if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_CPU) + ADD_FIELD(event_class, cw->data.u32, "cpu"); + + if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD) + ADD_FIELD(event_class, cw->data.u64, "period"); + + if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT) + ADD_FIELD(event_class, cw->data.u64, "weight"); + + if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC) + ADD_FIELD(event_class, cw->data.u64, "data_src"); + + if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION) + ADD_FIELD(event_class, cw->data.u64, "transaction"); + +#undef ADD_FIELD + return 0; +} + +static int add_event(struct ctf_writer *cw, struct perf_evsel *evsel) +{ + struct bt_ctf_event_class *event_class; + struct evsel_priv *priv; + const char *name = perf_evsel__name(evsel); + int ret; + + pr("Adding event '%s' (type %d)\n", name, evsel->attr.type); + + event_class = bt_ctf_event_class_create(name); + if (!event_class) + return -1; + + ret = add_generic_types(cw, evsel, event_class); + if (ret) + goto err; + + ret = bt_ctf_stream_class_add_event_class(cw->stream_class, event_class); + if (ret) { + pr("Failed to add event class into stream.\n"); + goto err; + } + + priv = malloc(sizeof(*priv)); + if (!priv) + goto err; + + priv->event_class = event_class; + evsel->priv = priv; + return 0; + +err: + bt_ctf_event_class_put(event_class); + pr_err("Failed to add event '%s'.\n", name); + return -1; +} + +static int setup_events(struct ctf_writer *cw, struct perf_session *session) +{ + struct perf_evlist *evlist = session->evlist; + struct perf_evsel *evsel; + int ret; + + evlist__for_each(evlist, evsel) { + ret = add_event(cw, evsel); + if (ret) + return ret; + } + return 0; +} + +static int ctf_writer__setup_env(struct ctf_writer *cw, + struct perf_session *session) +{ + struct perf_header *header = &session->header; + struct bt_ctf_writer *writer = cw->writer; + +#define ADD(__n, __v) \ +do { \ + if (bt_ctf_writer_add_environment_field(writer, __n, __v)) \ + return -1; \ +} while (0) + + ADD("host", header->env.hostname); + ADD("sysname", "Linux"); + ADD("release", header->env.os_release); + ADD("version", header->env.version); + ADD("machine", header->env.arch); + ADD("domain", "kernel"); + ADD("tracer_name", "perf"); + +#undef ADD + return 0; +} + +static int ctf_writer__setup_clock(struct ctf_writer *cw) +{ + struct bt_ctf_clock *clock = cw->clock; + + bt_ctf_clock_set_description(clock, "perf clock"); + +#define SET(__n, __v) \ +do { \ + if (bt_ctf_clock_set_##__n(clock, __v)) \ + return -1; \ +} while (0) + + SET(frequency, 1000000000); + SET(offset_s, 0); + SET(offset, 0); + SET(precision, 10); + SET(is_absolute, 0); + +#undef SET + return 0; +} + +static struct bt_ctf_field_type *create_int_type(int size, bool sign, bool hex) +{ + struct bt_ctf_field_type *type; + + type = bt_ctf_field_type_integer_create(size); + if (!type) + return NULL; + + if (sign && + bt_ctf_field_type_integer_set_signed(type, 1)) + goto err; + + if (hex && + bt_ctf_field_type_integer_set_base(type, BT_CTF_INTEGER_BASE_HEXADECIMAL)) + goto err; + + pr2("Created type: INTEGER %d-bit %ssigned %s\n", + size, sign ? "un" : "", hex ? "hex" : ""); + return type; + +err: + bt_ctf_field_type_put(type); + return NULL; +} + +static void ctf_writer__cleanup_data(struct ctf_writer *cw) +{ + unsigned int i; + + for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(cw->data.array); i++) + bt_ctf_field_type_put(cw->data.array[i]); +} + +static int ctf_writer__init_data(struct ctf_writer *cw) +{ +#define CREATE_INT_TYPE(type, size, sign, hex) \ +do { \ + (type) = create_int_type(size, sign, hex); \ + if (!(type)) \ + goto err; \ +} while (0) + + CREATE_INT_TYPE(cw->data.s64, 64, true, false); + CREATE_INT_TYPE(cw->data.u64, 64, false, false); + CREATE_INT_TYPE(cw->data.s32, 32, true, false); + CREATE_INT_TYPE(cw->data.u32, 32, false, false); + CREATE_INT_TYPE(cw->data.u64_hex, 64, false, true); + + cw->data.string = bt_ctf_field_type_string_create(); + if (cw->data.string) + return 0; + +err: + ctf_writer__cleanup_data(cw); + pr_err("Failed to create data types.\n"); + return -1; +} + +static void ctf_writer__cleanup(struct ctf_writer *cw) +{ + ctf_writer__cleanup_data(cw); + + bt_ctf_clock_put(cw->clock); + bt_ctf_stream_put(cw->stream); + bt_ctf_stream_class_put(cw->stream_class); + bt_ctf_writer_put(cw->writer); + + /* and NULL all the pointers */ + memset(cw, 0, sizeof(*cw)); +} + +static int ctf_writer__init(struct ctf_writer *cw, const char *path) +{ + struct bt_ctf_writer *writer; + struct bt_ctf_stream_class *stream_class; + struct bt_ctf_stream *stream; + struct bt_ctf_clock *clock; + + /* CTF writer */ + writer = bt_ctf_writer_create(path); + if (!writer) + goto err; + + cw->writer = writer; + + /* CTF clock */ + clock = bt_ctf_clock_create("perf_clock"); + if (!clock) { + pr("Failed to create CTF clock.\n"); + goto err_cleanup; + } + + cw->clock = clock; + + if (ctf_writer__setup_clock(cw)) { + pr("Failed to setup CTF clock.\n"); + goto err_cleanup; + } + + /* CTF stream class */ + stream_class = bt_ctf_stream_class_create("perf_stream"); + if (!stream_class) { + pr("Failed to create CTF stream class.\n"); + goto err_cleanup; + } + + cw->stream_class = stream_class; + + /* CTF clock stream setup */ + if (bt_ctf_stream_class_set_clock(stream_class, clock)) { + pr("Failed to assign CTF clock to stream class.\n"); + goto err_cleanup; + } + + if (ctf_writer__init_data(cw)) + goto err_cleanup; + + /* CTF stream instance */ + stream = bt_ctf_writer_create_stream(writer, stream_class); + if (!stream) { + pr("Failed to create CTF stream.\n"); + goto err_cleanup; + } + + cw->stream = stream; + + /* CTF clock writer setup */ + if (bt_ctf_writer_add_clock(writer, clock)) { + pr("Failed to assign CTF clock to writer.\n"); + goto err_cleanup; + } + + return 0; + +err_cleanup: + ctf_writer__cleanup(cw); +err: + pr_err("Failed to setup CTF writer.\n"); + return -1; +} + +int bt_convert__perf2ctf(const char *input, const char *path) +{ + struct perf_session *session; + struct perf_data_file file = { + .path = input, + .mode = PERF_DATA_MODE_READ, + }; + struct convert c = { + .tool = { + .sample = process_sample_event, + .mmap = perf_event__process_mmap, + .mmap2 = perf_event__process_mmap2, + .comm = perf_event__process_comm, + .exit = perf_event__process_exit, + .fork = perf_event__process_fork, + .lost = perf_event__process_lost, + .tracing_data = perf_event__process_tracing_data, + .build_id = perf_event__process_build_id, + .ordered_events = true, + .ordering_requires_timestamps = true, + }, + }; + struct ctf_writer *cw = &c.writer; + int err = -1; + + /* CTF writer */ + if (ctf_writer__init(cw, path)) + return -1; + + /* perf.data session */ + session = perf_session__new(&file, 0, NULL); + if (!session) + goto free_writer; + + /* CTF writer env/clock setup */ + if (ctf_writer__setup_env(cw, session)) + goto free_session; + + /* CTF events setup */ + if (setup_events(cw, session)) + goto free_session; + + err = perf_session__process_events(session, &c.tool); + if (!err) + err = bt_ctf_stream_flush(cw->stream); + + fprintf(stderr, + "[ perf data convert: Converted '%s' into CTF data '%s' ]\n", + file.path, path); + + fprintf(stderr, + "[ perf data convert: Converted and wrote %.3f MB (%" PRIu64 " samples) ]\n", + (double) c.events_size / 1024.0 / 1024.0, + c.events_count); + + /* its all good */ +free_session: + perf_session__delete(session); + +free_writer: + ctf_writer__cleanup(cw); + return err; +} diff --git a/tools/perf/util/data-convert-bt.h b/tools/perf/util/data-convert-bt.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dda30c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/perf/util/data-convert-bt.h @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +#ifndef __DATA_CONVERT_BT_H +#define __DATA_CONVERT_BT_H +#ifdef HAVE_LIBBABELTRACE_SUPPORT + +int bt_convert__perf2ctf(const char *input_name, const char *to_ctf); + +#endif /* HAVE_LIBBABELTRACE_SUPPORT */ +#endif /* __DATA_CONVERT_BT_H */ diff --git a/tools/perf/util/debug.c b/tools/perf/util/debug.c index ad60b2f..2da5581 100644 --- a/tools/perf/util/debug.c +++ b/tools/perf/util/debug.c @@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ int verbose; bool dump_trace = false, quiet = false; int debug_ordered_events; static int redirect_to_stderr; +int debug_data_convert; static int _eprintf(int level, int var, const char *fmt, va_list args) { @@ -147,6 +148,7 @@ static struct debug_variable { { .name = "verbose", .ptr = &verbose }, { .name = "ordered-events", .ptr = &debug_ordered_events}, { .name = "stderr", .ptr = &redirect_to_stderr}, + { .name = "data-convert", .ptr = &debug_data_convert }, { .name = NULL, } }; diff --git a/tools/perf/util/debug.h b/tools/perf/util/debug.h index be264d6..caac2fd 100644 --- a/tools/perf/util/debug.h +++ b/tools/perf/util/debug.h @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ extern int verbose; extern bool quiet, dump_trace; extern int debug_ordered_events; +extern int debug_data_convert; #ifndef pr_fmt #define pr_fmt(fmt) fmt |
