diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | net/ipv4/Kconfig | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | net/ipv4/Makefile | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | net/ipv4/tcp_vegas.c | 411 |
3 files changed, 423 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/net/ipv4/Kconfig b/net/ipv4/Kconfig index 516ffe8..6c105b6 100644 --- a/net/ipv4/Kconfig +++ b/net/ipv4/Kconfig @@ -488,6 +488,17 @@ config TCP_CONG_HYBLA involved, expecially when sharing a common bottleneck with normal terrestrial connections. +config TCP_CONG_VEGAS + tristate "TCP Vegas" + depends on INET && EXPERIMENTAL + default n + ---help--- + TCP Vegas is a sender-side only change to TCP that anticipates + the onset of congestion by estimating the bandwidth. TCP Vegas + adjusts the sending rate by modifying the congestion + window. TCP Vegas should provide less packet loss, but it is + not as aggressive as TCP Reno. + endmenu source "net/ipv4/ipvs/Kconfig" diff --git a/net/ipv4/Makefile b/net/ipv4/Makefile index ede7a5d..a801a97 100644 --- a/net/ipv4/Makefile +++ b/net/ipv4/Makefile @@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_TCP_CONG_BIC) += tcp_bic.o obj-$(CONFIG_TCP_CONG_WESTWOOD) += tcp_westwood.o obj-$(CONFIG_TCP_CONG_HSTCP) += tcp_highspeed.o obj-$(CONFIG_TCP_CONG_HYBLA) += tcp_hybla.o +obj-$(CONFIG_TCP_CONG_VEGAS) += tcp_vegas.o obj-$(CONFIG_XFRM) += xfrm4_policy.o xfrm4_state.o xfrm4_input.o \ xfrm4_output.o diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_vegas.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_vegas.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9bd443d --- /dev/null +++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_vegas.c @@ -0,0 +1,411 @@ +/* + * TCP Vegas congestion control + * + * This is based on the congestion detection/avoidance scheme described in + * Lawrence S. Brakmo and Larry L. Peterson. + * "TCP Vegas: End to end congestion avoidance on a global internet." + * IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, 13(8):1465--1480, + * October 1995. Available from: + * ftp://ftp.cs.arizona.edu/xkernel/Papers/jsac.ps + * + * See http://www.cs.arizona.edu/xkernel/ for their implementation. + * The main aspects that distinguish this implementation from the + * Arizona Vegas implementation are: + * o We do not change the loss detection or recovery mechanisms of + * Linux in any way. Linux already recovers from losses quite well, + * using fine-grained timers, NewReno, and FACK. + * o To avoid the performance penalty imposed by increasing cwnd + * only every-other RTT during slow start, we increase during + * every RTT during slow start, just like Reno. + * o Largely to allow continuous cwnd growth during slow start, + * we use the rate at which ACKs come back as the "actual" + * rate, rather than the rate at which data is sent. + * o To speed convergence to the right rate, we set the cwnd + * to achieve the right ("actual") rate when we exit slow start. + * o To filter out the noise caused by delayed ACKs, we use the + * minimum RTT sample observed during the last RTT to calculate + * the actual rate. + * o When the sender re-starts from idle, it waits until it has + * received ACKs for an entire flight of new data before making + * a cwnd adjustment decision. The original Vegas implementation + * assumed senders never went idle. + */ + +#include <linux/config.h> +#include <linux/mm.h> +#include <linux/module.h> +#include <linux/skbuff.h> +#include <linux/tcp_diag.h> + +#include <net/tcp.h> + +/* Default values of the Vegas variables, in fixed-point representation + * with V_PARAM_SHIFT bits to the right of the binary point. + */ +#define V_PARAM_SHIFT 1 +static int alpha = 1<<V_PARAM_SHIFT; +static int beta = 3<<V_PARAM_SHIFT; +static int gamma = 1<<V_PARAM_SHIFT; + +module_param(alpha, int, 0644); +MODULE_PARM_DESC(alpha, "lower bound of packets in network (scale by 2)"); +module_param(beta, int, 0644); +MODULE_PARM_DESC(beta, "upper bound of packets in network (scale by 2)"); +module_param(gamma, int, 0644); +MODULE_PARM_DESC(gamma, "limit on increase (scale by 2)"); + + +/* Vegas variables */ +struct vegas { + u32 beg_snd_nxt; /* right edge during last RTT */ + u32 beg_snd_una; /* left edge during last RTT */ + u32 beg_snd_cwnd; /* saves the size of the cwnd */ + u8 doing_vegas_now;/* if true, do vegas for this RTT */ + u16 cntRTT; /* # of RTTs measured within last RTT */ + u32 minRTT; /* min of RTTs measured within last RTT (in usec) */ + u32 baseRTT; /* the min of all Vegas RTT measurements seen (in usec) */ +}; + +/* There are several situations when we must "re-start" Vegas: + * + * o when a connection is established + * o after an RTO + * o after fast recovery + * o when we send a packet and there is no outstanding + * unacknowledged data (restarting an idle connection) + * + * In these circumstances we cannot do a Vegas calculation at the + * end of the first RTT, because any calculation we do is using + * stale info -- both the saved cwnd and congestion feedback are + * stale. + * + * Instead we must wait until the completion of an RTT during + * which we actually receive ACKs. + */ +static inline void vegas_enable(struct tcp_sock *tp) +{ + struct vegas *vegas = tcp_ca(tp); + + /* Begin taking Vegas samples next time we send something. */ + vegas->doing_vegas_now = 1; + + /* Set the beginning of the next send window. */ + vegas->beg_snd_nxt = tp->snd_nxt; + + vegas->cntRTT = 0; + vegas->minRTT = 0x7fffffff; +} + +/* Stop taking Vegas samples for now. */ +static inline void vegas_disable(struct tcp_sock *tp) +{ + struct vegas *vegas = tcp_ca(tp); + + vegas->doing_vegas_now = 0; +} + +static void tcp_vegas_init(struct tcp_sock *tp) +{ + struct vegas *vegas = tcp_ca(tp); + + vegas->baseRTT = 0x7fffffff; + vegas_enable(tp); +} + +/* Do RTT sampling needed for Vegas. + * Basically we: + * o min-filter RTT samples from within an RTT to get the current + * propagation delay + queuing delay (we are min-filtering to try to + * avoid the effects of delayed ACKs) + * o min-filter RTT samples from a much longer window (forever for now) + * to find the propagation delay (baseRTT) + */ +static void tcp_vegas_rtt_calc(struct tcp_sock *tp, u32 usrtt) +{ + struct vegas *vegas = tcp_ca(tp); + u32 vrtt = usrtt + 1; /* Never allow zero rtt or baseRTT */ + + /* Filter to find propagation delay: */ + if (vrtt < vegas->baseRTT) + vegas->baseRTT = vrtt; + + /* Find the min RTT during the last RTT to find + * the current prop. delay + queuing delay: + */ + vegas->minRTT = min(vegas->minRTT, vrtt); + vegas->cntRTT++; +} + +static void tcp_vegas_state(struct tcp_sock *tp, u8 ca_state) +{ + + if (ca_state == TCP_CA_Open) + vegas_enable(tp); + else + vegas_disable(tp); +} + +/* + * If the connection is idle and we are restarting, + * then we don't want to do any Vegas calculations + * until we get fresh RTT samples. So when we + * restart, we reset our Vegas state to a clean + * slate. After we get acks for this flight of + * packets, _then_ we can make Vegas calculations + * again. + */ +static void tcp_vegas_cwnd_event(struct tcp_sock *tp, enum tcp_ca_event event) +{ + if (event == CA_EVENT_CWND_RESTART || + event == CA_EVENT_TX_START) + tcp_vegas_init(tp); +} + +static void tcp_vegas_cong_avoid(struct tcp_sock *tp, u32 ack, + u32 seq_rtt, u32 in_flight, int flag) +{ + struct vegas *vegas = tcp_ca(tp); + + if (!vegas->doing_vegas_now) + return tcp_reno_cong_avoid(tp, ack, seq_rtt, in_flight, flag); + + /* The key players are v_beg_snd_una and v_beg_snd_nxt. + * + * These are so named because they represent the approximate values + * of snd_una and snd_nxt at the beginning of the current RTT. More + * precisely, they represent the amount of data sent during the RTT. + * At the end of the RTT, when we receive an ACK for v_beg_snd_nxt, + * we will calculate that (v_beg_snd_nxt - v_beg_snd_una) outstanding + * bytes of data have been ACKed during the course of the RTT, giving + * an "actual" rate of: + * + * (v_beg_snd_nxt - v_beg_snd_una) / (rtt duration) + * + * Unfortunately, v_beg_snd_una is not exactly equal to snd_una, + * because delayed ACKs can cover more than one segment, so they + * don't line up nicely with the boundaries of RTTs. + * + * Another unfortunate fact of life is that delayed ACKs delay the + * advance of the left edge of our send window, so that the number + * of bytes we send in an RTT is often less than our cwnd will allow. + * So we keep track of our cwnd separately, in v_beg_snd_cwnd. + */ + + if (after(ack, vegas->beg_snd_nxt)) { + /* Do the Vegas once-per-RTT cwnd adjustment. */ + u32 old_wnd, old_snd_cwnd; + + + /* Here old_wnd is essentially the window of data that was + * sent during the previous RTT, and has all + * been acknowledged in the course of the RTT that ended + * with the ACK we just received. Likewise, old_snd_cwnd + * is the cwnd during the previous RTT. + */ + old_wnd = (vegas->beg_snd_nxt - vegas->beg_snd_una) / + tp->mss_cache; + old_snd_cwnd = vegas->beg_snd_cwnd; + + /* Save the extent of the current window so we can use this + * at the end of the next RTT. + */ + vegas->beg_snd_una = vegas->beg_snd_nxt; + vegas->beg_snd_nxt = tp->snd_nxt; + vegas->beg_snd_cwnd = tp->snd_cwnd; + + /* Take into account the current RTT sample too, to + * decrease the impact of delayed acks. This double counts + * this sample since we count it for the next window as well, + * but that's not too awful, since we're taking the min, + * rather than averaging. + */ + tcp_vegas_rtt_calc(tp, seq_rtt*1000); + + /* We do the Vegas calculations only if we got enough RTT + * samples that we can be reasonably sure that we got + * at least one RTT sample that wasn't from a delayed ACK. + * If we only had 2 samples total, + * then that means we're getting only 1 ACK per RTT, which + * means they're almost certainly delayed ACKs. + * If we have 3 samples, we should be OK. + */ + + if (vegas->cntRTT <= 2) { + /* We don't have enough RTT samples to do the Vegas + * calculation, so we'll behave like Reno. + */ + if (tp->snd_cwnd > tp->snd_ssthresh) + tp->snd_cwnd++; + } else { + u32 rtt, target_cwnd, diff; + + /* We have enough RTT samples, so, using the Vegas + * algorithm, we determine if we should increase or + * decrease cwnd, and by how much. + */ + + /* Pluck out the RTT we are using for the Vegas + * calculations. This is the min RTT seen during the + * last RTT. Taking the min filters out the effects + * of delayed ACKs, at the cost of noticing congestion + * a bit later. + */ + rtt = vegas->minRTT; + + /* Calculate the cwnd we should have, if we weren't + * going too fast. + * + * This is: + * (actual rate in segments) * baseRTT + * We keep it as a fixed point number with + * V_PARAM_SHIFT bits to the right of the binary point. + */ + target_cwnd = ((old_wnd * vegas->baseRTT) + << V_PARAM_SHIFT) / rtt; + + /* Calculate the difference between the window we had, + * and the window we would like to have. This quantity + * is the "Diff" from the Arizona Vegas papers. + * + * Again, this is a fixed point number with + * V_PARAM_SHIFT bits to the right of the binary + * point. + */ + diff = (old_wnd << V_PARAM_SHIFT) - target_cwnd; + + if (tp->snd_cwnd < tp->snd_ssthresh) { + /* Slow start. */ + if (diff > gamma) { + /* Going too fast. Time to slow down + * and switch to congestion avoidance. + */ + tp->snd_ssthresh = 2; + + /* Set cwnd to match the actual rate + * exactly: + * cwnd = (actual rate) * baseRTT + * Then we add 1 because the integer + * truncation robs us of full link + * utilization. + */ + tp->snd_cwnd = min(tp->snd_cwnd, + (target_cwnd >> + V_PARAM_SHIFT)+1); + + } + } else { + /* Congestion avoidance. */ + u32 next_snd_cwnd; + + /* Figure out where we would like cwnd + * to be. + */ + if (diff > beta) { + /* The old window was too fast, so + * we slow down. + */ + next_snd_cwnd = old_snd_cwnd - 1; + } else if (diff < alpha) { + /* We don't have enough extra packets + * in the network, so speed up. + */ + next_snd_cwnd = old_snd_cwnd + 1; + } else { + /* Sending just as fast as we + * should be. + */ + next_snd_cwnd = old_snd_cwnd; + } + + /* Adjust cwnd upward or downward, toward the + * desired value. + */ + if (next_snd_cwnd > tp->snd_cwnd) + tp->snd_cwnd++; + else if (next_snd_cwnd < tp->snd_cwnd) + tp->snd_cwnd--; + } + } + + /* Wipe the slate clean for the next RTT. */ + vegas->cntRTT = 0; + vegas->minRTT = 0x7fffffff; + } + + /* The following code is executed for every ack we receive, + * except for conditions checked in should_advance_cwnd() + * before the call to tcp_cong_avoid(). Mainly this means that + * we only execute this code if the ack actually acked some + * data. + */ + + /* If we are in slow start, increase our cwnd in response to this ACK. + * (If we are not in slow start then we are in congestion avoidance, + * and adjust our congestion window only once per RTT. See the code + * above.) + */ + if (tp->snd_cwnd <= tp->snd_ssthresh) + tp->snd_cwnd++; + + /* to keep cwnd from growing without bound */ + tp->snd_cwnd = min_t(u32, tp->snd_cwnd, tp->snd_cwnd_clamp); + + /* Make sure that we are never so timid as to reduce our cwnd below + * 2 MSS. + * + * Going below 2 MSS would risk huge delayed ACKs from our receiver. + */ + tp->snd_cwnd = max(tp->snd_cwnd, 2U); +} + +/* Extract info for Tcp socket info provided via netlink. */ +static void tcp_vegas_get_info(struct tcp_sock *tp, u32 ext, + struct sk_buff *skb) +{ + const struct vegas *ca = tcp_ca(tp); + if (ext & (1<<(TCPDIAG_VEGASINFO-1))) { + struct tcpvegas_info *info; + + info = RTA_DATA(__RTA_PUT(skb, TCPDIAG_VEGASINFO, + sizeof(*info))); + + info->tcpv_enabled = ca->doing_vegas_now; + info->tcpv_rttcnt = ca->cntRTT; + info->tcpv_rtt = ca->baseRTT; + info->tcpv_minrtt = ca->minRTT; + rtattr_failure: ; + } +} + +static struct tcp_congestion_ops tcp_vegas = { + .init = tcp_vegas_init, + .ssthresh = tcp_reno_ssthresh, + .cong_avoid = tcp_vegas_cong_avoid, + .min_cwnd = tcp_reno_min_cwnd, + .rtt_sample = tcp_vegas_rtt_calc, + .set_state = tcp_vegas_state, + .cwnd_event = tcp_vegas_cwnd_event, + .get_info = tcp_vegas_get_info, + + .owner = THIS_MODULE, + .name = "vegas", +}; + +static int __init tcp_vegas_register(void) +{ + BUG_ON(sizeof(struct vegas) > TCP_CA_PRIV_SIZE); + tcp_register_congestion_control(&tcp_vegas); + return 0; +} + +static void __exit tcp_vegas_unregister(void) +{ + tcp_unregister_congestion_control(&tcp_vegas); +} + +module_init(tcp_vegas_register); +module_exit(tcp_vegas_unregister); + +MODULE_AUTHOR("Stephen Hemminger"); +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("TCP Vegas"); |
