security: Yama LSM

This adds the Yama Linux Security Module to collect DAC security
improvements (specifically just ptrace restrictions for now) that have
existed in various forms over the years and have been carried outside the
mainline kernel by other Linux distributions like Openwall and grsecurity.

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: John Johansen <john.johansen@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>

5 files changed, 343 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/security/Kconfig b/security/Kconfig
index 51bd5a0..ccc61f8 100644
--- a/security/Kconfig
+++ b/security/Kconfig
@@ -187,6 +187,7 @@ source security/selinux/Kconfig
 source security/smack/Kconfig
 source security/tomoyo/Kconfig
 source security/apparmor/Kconfig
+source security/yama/Kconfig
 
 source security/integrity/Kconfig
 
@@ -196,6 +197,7 @@ choice
 	default DEFAULT_SECURITY_SMACK if SECURITY_SMACK
 	default DEFAULT_SECURITY_TOMOYO if SECURITY_TOMOYO
 	default DEFAULT_SECURITY_APPARMOR if SECURITY_APPARMOR
+	default DEFAULT_SECURITY_YAMA if SECURITY_YAMA
 	default DEFAULT_SECURITY_DAC
 
 	help
@@ -214,6 +216,9 @@ choice
 	config DEFAULT_SECURITY_APPARMOR
 		bool "AppArmor" if SECURITY_APPARMOR=y
 
+	config DEFAULT_SECURITY_YAMA
+		bool "Yama" if SECURITY_YAMA=y
+
 	config DEFAULT_SECURITY_DAC
 		bool "Unix Discretionary Access Controls"
 
@@ -225,6 +230,7 @@ config DEFAULT_SECURITY
 	default "smack" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_SMACK
 	default "tomoyo" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_TOMOYO
 	default "apparmor" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_APPARMOR
+	default "yama" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_YAMA
 	default "" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_DAC
 
 endmenu
diff --git a/security/Makefile b/security/Makefile
index a5e502f..c26c81e 100644
--- a/security/Makefile
+++ b/security/Makefile
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_SELINUX)	+= selinux
 subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_SMACK)		+= smack
 subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_TOMOYO)        += tomoyo
 subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR)	+= apparmor
+subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_YAMA)		+= yama
 
 # always enable default capabilities
 obj-y					+= commoncap.o
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_SMACK)		+= smack/built-in.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_AUDIT)			+= lsm_audit.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_TOMOYO)		+= tomoyo/built-in.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR)		+= apparmor/built-in.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_YAMA)		+= yama/built-in.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUP_DEVICE)		+= device_cgroup.o
 
 # Object integrity file lists
diff --git a/security/yama/Kconfig b/security/yama/Kconfig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51d6709
--- /dev/null
+++ b/security/yama/Kconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+config SECURITY_YAMA
+	bool "Yama support"
+	depends on SECURITY
+	select SECURITYFS
+	select SECURITY_PATH
+	default n
+	help
+	  This selects Yama, which extends DAC support with additional
+	  system-wide security settings beyond regular Linux discretionary
+	  access controls. Currently available is ptrace scope restriction.
+	  Further information can be found in Documentation/security/Yama.txt.
+
+	  If you are unsure how to answer this question, answer N.
diff --git a/security/yama/Makefile b/security/yama/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b5e065
--- /dev/null
+++ b/security/yama/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_YAMA) := yama.o
+
+yama-y := yama_lsm.o
diff --git a/security/yama/yama_lsm.c b/security/yama/yama_lsm.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd4d360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/security/yama/yama_lsm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+/*
+ * Yama Linux Security Module
+ *
+ * Author: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 Canonical, Ltd.
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Chromium OS Authors.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/security.h>
+#include <linux/sysctl.h>
+#include <linux/ptrace.h>
+#include <linux/prctl.h>
+#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
+
+static int ptrace_scope = 1;
+
+/* describe a ptrace relationship for potential exception */
+struct ptrace_relation {
+	struct task_struct *tracer;
+	struct task_struct *tracee;
+	struct list_head node;
+};
+
+static LIST_HEAD(ptracer_relations);
+static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(ptracer_relations_lock);
+
+/**
+ * yama_ptracer_add - add/replace an exception for this tracer/tracee pair
+ * @tracer: the task_struct of the process doing the ptrace
+ * @tracee: the task_struct of the process to be ptraced
+ *
+ * Each tracee can have, at most, one tracer registered. Each time this
+ * is called, the prior registered tracer will be replaced for the tracee.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 if relationship was added, -ve on error.
+ */
+static int yama_ptracer_add(struct task_struct *tracer,
+			    struct task_struct *tracee)
+{
+	int rc = 0;
+	struct ptrace_relation *added;
+	struct ptrace_relation *entry, *relation = NULL;
+
+	added = kmalloc(sizeof(*added), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!added)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	spin_lock_bh(&ptracer_relations_lock);
+	list_for_each_entry(entry, &ptracer_relations, node)
+		if (entry->tracee == tracee) {
+			relation = entry;
+			break;
+		}
+	if (!relation) {
+		relation = added;
+		relation->tracee = tracee;
+		list_add(&relation->node, &ptracer_relations);
+	}
+	relation->tracer = tracer;
+
+	spin_unlock_bh(&ptracer_relations_lock);
+	if (added != relation)
+		kfree(added);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+/**
+ * yama_ptracer_del - remove exceptions related to the given tasks
+ * @tracer: remove any relation where tracer task matches
+ * @tracee: remove any relation where tracee task matches
+ */
+static void yama_ptracer_del(struct task_struct *tracer,
+			     struct task_struct *tracee)
+{
+	struct ptrace_relation *relation, *safe;
+
+	spin_lock_bh(&ptracer_relations_lock);
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(relation, safe, &ptracer_relations, node)
+		if (relation->tracee == tracee ||
+		    relation->tracer == tracer) {
+			list_del(&relation->node);
+			kfree(relation);
+		}
+	spin_unlock_bh(&ptracer_relations_lock);
+}
+
+/**
+ * yama_task_free - check for task_pid to remove from exception list
+ * @task: task being removed
+ */
+static void yama_task_free(struct task_struct *task)
+{
+	yama_ptracer_del(task, task);
+}
+
+/**
+ * yama_task_prctl - check for Yama-specific prctl operations
+ * @option: operation
+ * @arg2: argument
+ * @arg3: argument
+ * @arg4: argument
+ * @arg5: argument
+ *
+ * Return 0 on success, -ve on error.  -ENOSYS is returned when Yama
+ * does not handle the given option.
+ */
+static int yama_task_prctl(int option, unsigned long arg2, unsigned long arg3,
+			   unsigned long arg4, unsigned long arg5)
+{
+	int rc;
+	struct task_struct *myself = current;
+
+	rc = cap_task_prctl(option, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5);
+	if (rc != -ENOSYS)
+		return rc;
+
+	switch (option) {
+	case PR_SET_PTRACER:
+		/* Since a thread can call prctl(), find the group leader
+		 * before calling _add() or _del() on it, since we want
+		 * process-level granularity of control. The tracer group
+		 * leader checking is handled later when walking the ancestry
+		 * at the time of PTRACE_ATTACH check.
+		 */
+		rcu_read_lock();
+		if (!thread_group_leader(myself))
+			myself = rcu_dereference(myself->group_leader);
+		get_task_struct(myself);
+		rcu_read_unlock();
+
+		if (arg2 == 0) {
+			yama_ptracer_del(NULL, myself);
+			rc = 0;
+		} else {
+			struct task_struct *tracer;
+
+			rcu_read_lock();
+			tracer = find_task_by_vpid(arg2);
+			if (tracer)
+				get_task_struct(tracer);
+			else
+				rc = -EINVAL;
+			rcu_read_unlock();
+
+			if (tracer) {
+				rc = yama_ptracer_add(tracer, myself);
+				put_task_struct(tracer);
+			}
+		}
+
+		put_task_struct(myself);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+/**
+ * task_is_descendant - walk up a process family tree looking for a match
+ * @parent: the process to compare against while walking up from child
+ * @child: the process to start from while looking upwards for parent
+ *
+ * Returns 1 if child is a descendant of parent, 0 if not.
+ */
+static int task_is_descendant(struct task_struct *parent,
+			      struct task_struct *child)
+{
+	int rc = 0;
+	struct task_struct *walker = child;
+
+	if (!parent || !child)
+		return 0;
+
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	if (!thread_group_leader(parent))
+		parent = rcu_dereference(parent->group_leader);
+	while (walker->pid > 0) {
+		if (!thread_group_leader(walker))
+			walker = rcu_dereference(walker->group_leader);
+		if (walker == parent) {
+			rc = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+		walker = rcu_dereference(walker->real_parent);
+	}
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ptracer_exception_found - tracer registered as exception for this tracee
+ * @tracer: the task_struct of the process attempting ptrace
+ * @tracee: the task_struct of the process to be ptraced
+ *
+ * Returns 1 if tracer has is ptracer exception ancestor for tracee.
+ */
+static int ptracer_exception_found(struct task_struct *tracer,
+				   struct task_struct *tracee)
+{
+	int rc = 0;
+	struct ptrace_relation *relation;
+	struct task_struct *parent = NULL;
+
+	spin_lock_bh(&ptracer_relations_lock);
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	if (!thread_group_leader(tracee))
+		tracee = rcu_dereference(tracee->group_leader);
+	list_for_each_entry(relation, &ptracer_relations, node)
+		if (relation->tracee == tracee) {
+			parent = relation->tracer;
+			break;
+		}
+
+	if (task_is_descendant(parent, tracer))
+		rc = 1;
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+	spin_unlock_bh(&ptracer_relations_lock);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+/**
+ * yama_ptrace_access_check - validate PTRACE_ATTACH calls
+ * @child: task that current task is attempting to ptrace
+ * @mode: ptrace attach mode
+ *
+ * Returns 0 if following the ptrace is allowed, -ve on error.
+ */
+static int yama_ptrace_access_check(struct task_struct *child,
+				    unsigned int mode)
+{
+	int rc;
+
+	/* If standard caps disallows it, so does Yama.  We should
+	 * only tighten restrictions further.
+	 */
+	rc = cap_ptrace_access_check(child, mode);
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
+
+	/* require ptrace target be a child of ptracer on attach */
+	if (mode == PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH &&
+	    ptrace_scope &&
+	    !task_is_descendant(current, child) &&
+	    !ptracer_exception_found(current, child) &&
+	    !capable(CAP_SYS_PTRACE))
+		rc = -EPERM;
+
+	if (rc) {
+		char name[sizeof(current->comm)];
+		printk_ratelimited(KERN_NOTICE "ptrace of non-child"
+			" pid %d was attempted by: %s (pid %d)\n",
+			child->pid,
+			get_task_comm(name, current),
+			current->pid);
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static struct security_operations yama_ops = {
+	.name =			"yama",
+
+	.ptrace_access_check =	yama_ptrace_access_check,
+	.task_prctl =		yama_task_prctl,
+	.task_free =		yama_task_free,
+};
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
+static int zero;
+static int one = 1;
+
+struct ctl_path yama_sysctl_path[] = {
+	{ .procname = "kernel", },
+	{ .procname = "yama", },
+	{ }
+};
+
+static struct ctl_table yama_sysctl_table[] = {
+	{
+		.procname       = "ptrace_scope",
+		.data           = &ptrace_scope,
+		.maxlen         = sizeof(int),
+		.mode           = 0644,
+		.proc_handler   = proc_dointvec_minmax,
+		.extra1         = &zero,
+		.extra2         = &one,
+	},
+	{ }
+};
+#endif /* CONFIG_SYSCTL */
+
+static __init int yama_init(void)
+{
+	if (!security_module_enable(&yama_ops))
+		return 0;
+
+	printk(KERN_INFO "Yama: becoming mindful.\n");
+
+	if (register_security(&yama_ops))
+		panic("Yama: kernel registration failed.\n");
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
+	if (!register_sysctl_paths(yama_sysctl_path, yama_sysctl_table))
+		panic("Yama: sysctl registration failed.\n");
+#endif
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+security_initcall(yama_init);