License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

134 files changed, 134 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/kernel/Makefile b/kernel/Makefile
index ed470aa..172d151d 100644
--- a/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Makefile for the linux kernel.
 #
diff --git a/kernel/acct.c b/kernel/acct.c
index 5e72af2..6670fbd 100644
--- a/kernel/acct.c
+++ b/kernel/acct.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  linux/kernel/acct.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/audit_tree.c b/kernel/audit_tree.c
index 011d46e..d4b050d 100644
--- a/kernel/audit_tree.c
+++ b/kernel/audit_tree.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include "audit.h"
 #include <linux/fsnotify_backend.h>
 #include <linux/namei.h>
diff --git a/kernel/bounds.c b/kernel/bounds.c
index e1d1d195..c373e88 100644
--- a/kernel/bounds.c
+++ b/kernel/bounds.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Generate definitions needed by the preprocessor.
  * This code generates raw asm output which is post-processed
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/Makefile b/kernel/bpf/Makefile
index 897daa0..af3ab61 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/bpf/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 obj-y := core.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL) += syscall.o verifier.o inode.o helpers.o tnum.o
diff --git a/kernel/capability.c b/kernel/capability.c
index f97fe77..1e1c023 100644
--- a/kernel/capability.c
+++ b/kernel/capability.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/capability.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/Makefile b/kernel/cgroup/Makefile
index ce693cc..ae448f7 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 obj-y := cgroup.o namespace.o cgroup-v1.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUP_FREEZER) += freezer.o
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h
index 5151ff2..bf54ade 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __CGROUP_INTERNAL_H
 #define __CGROUP_INTERNAL_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/debug.c b/kernel/cgroup/debug.c
index f661b4c..5f780d8 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/debug.c
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/debug.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Debug controller
  *
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/namespace.c b/kernel/cgroup/namespace.c
index 66129eb..b05f1dd 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/namespace.c
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/namespace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include "cgroup-internal.h"
 
 #include <linux/sched/task.h>
diff --git a/kernel/dma.c b/kernel/dma.c
index 6c6262f..3506fc3 100644
--- a/kernel/dma.c
+++ b/kernel/dma.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/dma.c: A DMA channel allocator. Inspired by linux/kernel/irq.c.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/elfcore.c b/kernel/elfcore.c
index e556751..fc482c8 100644
--- a/kernel/elfcore.c
+++ b/kernel/elfcore.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/elf.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
diff --git a/kernel/events/Makefile b/kernel/events/Makefile
index 2925188..3c022e3 100644
--- a/kernel/events/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/events/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER
 CFLAGS_REMOVE_core.o = $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE)
 endif
diff --git a/kernel/events/internal.h b/kernel/events/internal.h
index 843e970..09b1537 100644
--- a/kernel/events/internal.h
+++ b/kernel/events/internal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _KERNEL_EVENTS_INTERNAL_H
 #define _KERNEL_EVENTS_INTERNAL_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/exec_domain.c b/kernel/exec_domain.c
index 6873bb3..0975b02 100644
--- a/kernel/exec_domain.c
+++ b/kernel/exec_domain.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Handling of different ABIs (personalities).
  *
diff --git a/kernel/futex_compat.c b/kernel/futex_compat.c
index 3f40996..83f830ac 100644
--- a/kernel/futex_compat.c
+++ b/kernel/futex_compat.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/futex_compat.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/gcov/Makefile b/kernel/gcov/Makefile
index 752d648..c6c50e5 100644
--- a/kernel/gcov/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/gcov/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 ccflags-y := -DSRCTREE='"$(srctree)"' -DOBJTREE='"$(objtree)"'
 
 obj-y := base.o fs.o
diff --git a/kernel/gcov/base.c b/kernel/gcov/base.c
index c51a49c..9c7c8d5 100644
--- a/kernel/gcov/base.c
+++ b/kernel/gcov/base.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  This code maintains a list of active profiling data structures.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/gcov/fs.c b/kernel/gcov/fs.c
index edf67c4..6e40ff6b 100644
--- a/kernel/gcov/fs.c
+++ b/kernel/gcov/fs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  This code exports profiling data as debugfs files to userspace.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/gcov/gcc_3_4.c b/kernel/gcov/gcc_3_4.c
index 27bc88a..1e32e66 100644
--- a/kernel/gcov/gcc_3_4.c
+++ b/kernel/gcov/gcc_3_4.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  This code provides functions to handle gcc's profiling data format
  *  introduced with gcc 3.4. Future versions of gcc may change the gcov
diff --git a/kernel/gcov/gcc_4_7.c b/kernel/gcov/gcc_4_7.c
index 46a18e7..ca5e5c0 100644
--- a/kernel/gcov/gcc_4_7.c
+++ b/kernel/gcov/gcc_4_7.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  This code provides functions to handle gcc's profiling data format
  *  introduced with gcc 4.7.
diff --git a/kernel/gcov/gcov.h b/kernel/gcov/gcov.h
index 92c8e22..de118ad 100644
--- a/kernel/gcov/gcov.h
+++ b/kernel/gcov/gcov.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *  Profiling infrastructure declarations.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/groups.c b/kernel/groups.c
index 434f666..e357bc8 100644
--- a/kernel/groups.c
+++ b/kernel/groups.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Supplementary group IDs
  */
diff --git a/kernel/irq/Makefile b/kernel/irq/Makefile
index 1970caf..ed15d14 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/irq/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 obj-y := irqdesc.o handle.o manage.o spurious.o resend.o chip.o dummychip.o devres.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_IRQ_TIMINGS) += timings.o
diff --git a/kernel/irq/affinity.c b/kernel/irq/affinity.c
index d69bd772..e12d351 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/affinity.c
+++ b/kernel/irq/affinity.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2016 Thomas Gleixner.
  * Copyright (C) 2016-2017 Christoph Hellwig.
diff --git a/kernel/irq/autoprobe.c b/kernel/irq/autoprobe.c
index d30a0dd..befa671 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/autoprobe.c
+++ b/kernel/irq/autoprobe.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/irq/autoprobe.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/irq/debug.h b/kernel/irq/debug.h
index e75e29e..17f05ef 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/debug.h
+++ b/kernel/irq/debug.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Debugging printout:
  */
diff --git a/kernel/irq/internals.h b/kernel/irq/internals.h
index a4aa390..44ed5f8 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/internals.h
+++ b/kernel/irq/internals.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * IRQ subsystem internal functions and variables:
  *
diff --git a/kernel/irq/migration.c b/kernel/irq/migration.c
index 6ca054a..86ae0eb8 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/migration.c
+++ b/kernel/irq/migration.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 #include <linux/irq.h>
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
diff --git a/kernel/irq/proc.c b/kernel/irq/proc.c
index 6376b4a..c010cc0 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/proc.c
+++ b/kernel/irq/proc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/irq/proc.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/irq/resend.c b/kernel/irq/resend.c
index b86886b..1d08f451 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/resend.c
+++ b/kernel/irq/resend.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/irq/resend.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/irq/settings.h b/kernel/irq/settings.h
index 320579d..e43795c 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/settings.h
+++ b/kernel/irq/settings.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Internal header to deal with irq_desc->status which will be renamed
  * to irq_desc->settings.
diff --git a/kernel/irq/spurious.c b/kernel/irq/spurious.c
index 061ba7e..987d7bc 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/spurious.c
+++ b/kernel/irq/spurious.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/irq/spurious.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/kcmp.c b/kernel/kcmp.c
index 055bb29..a0e3d7a 100644
--- a/kernel/kcmp.c
+++ b/kernel/kcmp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
 #include <linux/fdtable.h>
diff --git a/kernel/kcov.c b/kernel/kcov.c
index 3f693a0..fc6af9e 100644
--- a/kernel/kcov.c
+++ b/kernel/kcov.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "kcov: " fmt
 
 #define DISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING
diff --git a/kernel/kexec_internal.h b/kernel/kexec_internal.h
index 50dfcb0..48aaf2a 100644
--- a/kernel/kexec_internal.h
+++ b/kernel/kexec_internal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef LINUX_KEXEC_INTERNAL_H
 #define LINUX_KEXEC_INTERNAL_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/livepatch/core.h b/kernel/livepatch/core.h
index c74f24c..a351601 100644
--- a/kernel/livepatch/core.h
+++ b/kernel/livepatch/core.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _LIVEPATCH_CORE_H
 #define _LIVEPATCH_CORE_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/livepatch/patch.h b/kernel/livepatch/patch.h
index 0db2271..e72d825 100644
--- a/kernel/livepatch/patch.h
+++ b/kernel/livepatch/patch.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _LIVEPATCH_PATCH_H
 #define _LIVEPATCH_PATCH_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/livepatch/transition.h b/kernel/livepatch/transition.h
index ce09b32..0f6e27c 100644
--- a/kernel/livepatch/transition.h
+++ b/kernel/livepatch/transition.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _LIVEPATCH_TRANSITION_H
 #define _LIVEPATCH_TRANSITION_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/locking/Makefile b/kernel/locking/Makefile
index 760158d..392c7f2 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/locking/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 # Any varying coverage in these files is non-deterministic
 # and is generally not a function of system call inputs.
 KCOV_INSTRUMENT		:= n
diff --git a/kernel/locking/lockdep_internals.h b/kernel/locking/lockdep_internals.h
index 1da4669..d459d62 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/lockdep_internals.h
+++ b/kernel/locking/lockdep_internals.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * kernel/lockdep_internals.h
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/lockdep_proc.c b/kernel/locking/lockdep_proc.c
index 68d9e26..ad69bbc 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/lockdep_proc.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/lockdep_proc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * kernel/lockdep_proc.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/mcs_spinlock.h b/kernel/locking/mcs_spinlock.h
index 6a385aa..f046b7c 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/mcs_spinlock.h
+++ b/kernel/locking/mcs_spinlock.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * MCS lock defines
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/mutex-debug.h b/kernel/locking/mutex-debug.h
index 4174417..1edd3f4 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/mutex-debug.h
+++ b/kernel/locking/mutex-debug.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Mutexes: blocking mutual exclusion locks
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/mutex.h b/kernel/locking/mutex.h
index 6ebc190..1c2287d 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/mutex.h
+++ b/kernel/locking/mutex.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Mutexes: blocking mutual exclusion locks
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/osq_lock.c b/kernel/locking/osq_lock.c
index a74ee6a..6ef600a 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/osq_lock.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/osq_lock.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/percpu.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/osq_lock.h>
diff --git a/kernel/locking/qspinlock_paravirt.h b/kernel/locking/qspinlock_paravirt.h
index 4355568..15b6a39 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/qspinlock_paravirt.h
+++ b/kernel/locking/qspinlock_paravirt.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _GEN_PV_LOCK_SLOWPATH
 #error "do not include this file"
 #endif
diff --git a/kernel/locking/rtmutex-debug.c b/kernel/locking/rtmutex-debug.c
index f4a74e7..fd4fe1f 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/rtmutex-debug.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/rtmutex-debug.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * RT-Mutexes: blocking mutual exclusion locks with PI support
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/rtmutex-debug.h b/kernel/locking/rtmutex-debug.h
index 5078c6d..fc54971 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/rtmutex-debug.h
+++ b/kernel/locking/rtmutex-debug.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * RT-Mutexes: blocking mutual exclusion locks with PI support
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/rtmutex.h b/kernel/locking/rtmutex.h
index 5c253ca..732f96a 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/rtmutex.h
+++ b/kernel/locking/rtmutex.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * RT-Mutexes: blocking mutual exclusion locks with PI support
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/rtmutex_common.h b/kernel/locking/rtmutex_common.h
index 7453be0..124e98c 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/rtmutex_common.h
+++ b/kernel/locking/rtmutex_common.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * RT Mutexes: blocking mutual exclusion locks with PI support
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/rwsem-spinlock.c b/kernel/locking/rwsem-spinlock.c
index 0848634..a7ffb2a 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/rwsem-spinlock.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/rwsem-spinlock.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* rwsem-spinlock.c: R/W semaphores: contention handling functions for
  * generic spinlock implementation
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/rwsem-xadd.c b/kernel/locking/rwsem-xadd.c
index 1fefe6d..e795908 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/rwsem-xadd.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/rwsem-xadd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* rwsem.c: R/W semaphores: contention handling functions
  *
  * Written by David Howells (dhowells@redhat.com).
diff --git a/kernel/locking/rwsem.c b/kernel/locking/rwsem.c
index 4d48b1c..a6c76a4 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/rwsem.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/rwsem.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* kernel/rwsem.c: R/W semaphores, public implementation
  *
  * Written by David Howells (dhowells@redhat.com).
diff --git a/kernel/locking/rwsem.h b/kernel/locking/rwsem.h
index a699f40..a883b8f 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/rwsem.h
+++ b/kernel/locking/rwsem.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * The owner field of the rw_semaphore structure will be set to
  * RWSEM_READ_OWNED when a reader grabs the lock. A writer will clear
diff --git a/kernel/locking/spinlock.c b/kernel/locking/spinlock.c
index 4b082b5..6e40fdf 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/spinlock.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/spinlock.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (2004) Linus Torvalds
  *
diff --git a/kernel/power/Makefile b/kernel/power/Makefile
index eb4f717..a3f79f0e 100644
--- a/kernel/power/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/power/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 ccflags-$(CONFIG_PM_DEBUG)	:= -DDEBUG
 
diff --git a/kernel/power/autosleep.c b/kernel/power/autosleep.c
index 9012ecf..41e83a7 100644
--- a/kernel/power/autosleep.c
+++ b/kernel/power/autosleep.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * kernel/power/autosleep.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/power/console.c b/kernel/power/console.c
index 0e78179..fcdf0e1 100644
--- a/kernel/power/console.c
+++ b/kernel/power/console.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Functions for saving/restoring console.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/power/power.h b/kernel/power/power.h
index 1d2d761..f29cd17 100644
--- a/kernel/power/power.h
+++ b/kernel/power/power.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #include <linux/suspend.h>
 #include <linux/suspend_ioctls.h>
 #include <linux/utsname.h>
diff --git a/kernel/power/process.c b/kernel/power/process.c
index 50f25cb..7381d49 100644
--- a/kernel/power/process.c
+++ b/kernel/power/process.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * drivers/power/process.c - Functions for starting/stopping processes on 
  *                           suspend transitions.
diff --git a/kernel/power/wakelock.c b/kernel/power/wakelock.c
index 1896386..dfba59b 100644
--- a/kernel/power/wakelock.c
+++ b/kernel/power/wakelock.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * kernel/power/wakelock.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/printk/braille.c b/kernel/printk/braille.c
index 61d41ca..1d21eba 100644
--- a/kernel/printk/braille.c
+++ b/kernel/printk/braille.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/kernel/printk/braille.h b/kernel/printk/braille.h
index 749a675..123154f 100644
--- a/kernel/printk/braille.h
+++ b/kernel/printk/braille.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _PRINTK_BRAILLE_H
 #define _PRINTK_BRAILLE_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/printk/console_cmdline.h b/kernel/printk/console_cmdline.h
index 2ca4a8b..11f19c4 100644
--- a/kernel/printk/console_cmdline.h
+++ b/kernel/printk/console_cmdline.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _CONSOLE_CMDLINE_H
 #define _CONSOLE_CMDLINE_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/range.c b/kernel/range.c
index 82cfc28..d84de67 100644
--- a/kernel/range.c
+++ b/kernel/range.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Range add and subtract
  */
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/Makefile b/kernel/rcu/Makefile
index 13c0fc8..020e8b6 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/rcu/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 # Any varying coverage in these files is non-deterministic
 # and is generally not a function of system call inputs.
 KCOV_INSTRUMENT := n
diff --git a/kernel/sched/Makefile b/kernel/sched/Makefile
index 78f5493..a9ee16b 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/sched/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER
 CFLAGS_REMOVE_clock.o = $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE)
 endif
diff --git a/kernel/sched/autogroup.c b/kernel/sched/autogroup.c
index de6d7f4..a43df51 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/autogroup.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/autogroup.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include "sched.h"
 
 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
diff --git a/kernel/sched/autogroup.h b/kernel/sched/autogroup.h
index ce40c81..27cd22b 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/autogroup.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/autogroup.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_AUTOGROUP
 
 #include <linux/kref.h>
diff --git a/kernel/sched/completion.c b/kernel/sched/completion.c
index cc87307..2ddaec4 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/completion.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/completion.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Generic wait-for-completion handler;
  *
diff --git a/kernel/sched/cpuacct.c b/kernel/sched/cpuacct.c
index f95ab29..44ab32a 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/cpuacct.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/cpuacct.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/cgroup.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/percpu.h>
diff --git a/kernel/sched/cpuacct.h b/kernel/sched/cpuacct.h
index ba72807..a8358a5 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/cpuacct.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/cpuacct.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_CPUACCT
 
 extern void cpuacct_charge(struct task_struct *tsk, u64 cputime);
diff --git a/kernel/sched/cpudeadline.h b/kernel/sched/cpudeadline.h
index f7da8c5..b010d26 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/cpudeadline.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/cpudeadline.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _LINUX_CPUDL_H
 #define _LINUX_CPUDL_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/sched/cpupri.h b/kernel/sched/cpupri.h
index 63cbb9c..bab0500 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/cpupri.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/cpupri.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _LINUX_CPUPRI_H
 #define _LINUX_CPUPRI_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/sched/deadline.c b/kernel/sched/deadline.c
index 0191ec7..4ae5c1e 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/deadline.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/deadline.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Deadline Scheduling Class (SCHED_DEADLINE)
  *
diff --git a/kernel/sched/fair.c b/kernel/sched/fair.c
index d3f3094..5c09ddf 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/fair.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/fair.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Completely Fair Scheduling (CFS) Class (SCHED_NORMAL/SCHED_BATCH)
  *
diff --git a/kernel/sched/features.h b/kernel/sched/features.h
index 319ed0e..9552fd5 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/features.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/features.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Only give sleepers 50% of their service deficit. This allows
  * them to run sooner, but does not allow tons of sleepers to
diff --git a/kernel/sched/idle_task.c b/kernel/sched/idle_task.c
index 0c00172..d518664 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/idle_task.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/idle_task.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include "sched.h"
 
 /*
diff --git a/kernel/sched/loadavg.c b/kernel/sched/loadavg.c
index f14716a..89a989e 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/loadavg.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/loadavg.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * kernel/sched/loadavg.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/sched/rt.c b/kernel/sched/rt.c
index 0af5ca9..3c96c80 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/rt.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/rt.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Real-Time Scheduling Class (mapped to the SCHED_FIFO and SCHED_RR
  * policies)
diff --git a/kernel/sched/sched-pelt.h b/kernel/sched/sched-pelt.h
index cd200d1..a2647367 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/sched-pelt.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/sched-pelt.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* Generated by Documentation/scheduler/sched-pelt; do not modify. */
 
 static const u32 runnable_avg_yN_inv[] = {
diff --git a/kernel/sched/sched.h b/kernel/sched/sched.h
index 14db76c..3b448ba 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/sched.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/sched.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/sched/autogroup.h>
diff --git a/kernel/sched/stats.c b/kernel/sched/stats.c
index 87e2c9f..940b1fa 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/stats.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/stats.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
diff --git a/kernel/sched/stats.h b/kernel/sched/stats.h
index d571065..baf500d 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/stats.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/stats.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
 
diff --git a/kernel/sched/stop_task.c b/kernel/sched/stop_task.c
index 9f69fb6..45caf90 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/stop_task.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/stop_task.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include "sched.h"
 
 /*
diff --git a/kernel/sched/swait.c b/kernel/sched/swait.c
index 2227e18..9ff1555 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/swait.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/swait.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
 #include <linux/swait.h>
 
diff --git a/kernel/sched/topology.c b/kernel/sched/topology.c
index f1cf4f3..6798276 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/topology.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/topology.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Scheduler topology setup/handling methods
  */
diff --git a/kernel/seccomp.c b/kernel/seccomp.c
index 0ae832e..418a1c0 100644
--- a/kernel/seccomp.c
+++ b/kernel/seccomp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/seccomp.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/smpboot.h b/kernel/smpboot.h
index 485b81c..34dd3d7 100644
--- a/kernel/smpboot.h
+++ b/kernel/smpboot.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef SMPBOOT_H
 #define SMPBOOT_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/sys.c b/kernel/sys.c
index 9aebc29..524a4cb 100644
--- a/kernel/sys.c
+++ b/kernel/sys.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  linux/kernel/sys.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/sys_ni.c b/kernel/sys_ni.c
index 8acef85..b518976 100644
--- a/kernel/sys_ni.c
+++ b/kernel/sys_ni.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 #include <linux/linkage.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
diff --git a/kernel/sysctl_binary.c b/kernel/sysctl_binary.c
index 58ea8c0..e8c0dab 100644
--- a/kernel/sysctl_binary.c
+++ b/kernel/sysctl_binary.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/stat.h>
 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
 #include "../fs/xfs/xfs_sysctl.h"
diff --git a/kernel/task_work.c b/kernel/task_work.c
index 836a72a..5718b3e 100644
--- a/kernel/task_work.c
+++ b/kernel/task_work.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/task_work.h>
 #include <linux/tracehook.h>
diff --git a/kernel/time/Makefile b/kernel/time/Makefile
index 938dbf3..f1e46f3 100644
--- a/kernel/time/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/time/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 obj-y += time.o timer.o hrtimer.o
 obj-y += timekeeping.o ntp.o clocksource.o jiffies.o timer_list.o
 obj-y += timeconv.o timecounter.o alarmtimer.o
diff --git a/kernel/time/itimer.c b/kernel/time/itimer.c
index 2ef98a0..f26acef 100644
--- a/kernel/time/itimer.c
+++ b/kernel/time/itimer.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/itimer.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/time/ntp.c b/kernel/time/ntp.c
index edf19cc..99e03be 100644
--- a/kernel/time/ntp.c
+++ b/kernel/time/ntp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * NTP state machine interfaces and logic.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/time/ntp_internal.h b/kernel/time/ntp_internal.h
index d8a7c11..0a53e6e 100644
--- a/kernel/time/ntp_internal.h
+++ b/kernel/time/ntp_internal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _LINUX_NTP_INTERNAL_H
 #define _LINUX_NTP_INTERNAL_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/time/posix-cpu-timers.c b/kernel/time/posix-cpu-timers.c
index 8585ad6..5b11711 100644
--- a/kernel/time/posix-cpu-timers.c
+++ b/kernel/time/posix-cpu-timers.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Implement CPU time clocks for the POSIX clock interface.
  */
diff --git a/kernel/time/posix-timers.h b/kernel/time/posix-timers.h
index fb303c3..151e28f 100644
--- a/kernel/time/posix-timers.h
+++ b/kernel/time/posix-timers.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #define TIMER_RETRY 1
 
 struct k_clock {
diff --git a/kernel/time/tick-broadcast-hrtimer.c b/kernel/time/tick-broadcast-hrtimer.c
index a7bb8f3..58045eb 100644
--- a/kernel/time/tick-broadcast-hrtimer.c
+++ b/kernel/time/tick-broadcast-hrtimer.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/time/tick-broadcast-hrtimer.c
  * This file emulates a local clock event device
diff --git a/kernel/time/tick-internal.h b/kernel/time/tick-internal.h
index be0ac01..f8e1845 100644
--- a/kernel/time/tick-internal.h
+++ b/kernel/time/tick-internal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * tick internal variable and functions used by low/high res code
  */
diff --git a/kernel/time/tick-sched.h b/kernel/time/tick-sched.h
index 075444e..954b43d 100644
--- a/kernel/time/tick-sched.h
+++ b/kernel/time/tick-sched.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _TICK_SCHED_H
 #define _TICK_SCHED_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/time/timekeeping.h b/kernel/time/timekeeping.h
index d091467..c9f9af3 100644
--- a/kernel/time/timekeeping.h
+++ b/kernel/time/timekeeping.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _KERNEL_TIME_TIMEKEEPING_H
 #define _KERNEL_TIME_TIMEKEEPING_H
 /*
diff --git a/kernel/time/timekeeping_internal.h b/kernel/time/timekeeping_internal.h
index 9a18f12..fdbeeb0 100644
--- a/kernel/time/timekeeping_internal.h
+++ b/kernel/time/timekeeping_internal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _TIMEKEEPING_INTERNAL_H
 #define _TIMEKEEPING_INTERNAL_H
 /*
diff --git a/kernel/trace/Makefile b/kernel/trace/Makefile
index 90f2701..19a15b2 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/trace/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 # Do not instrument the tracer itself:
 
diff --git a/kernel/trace/power-traces.c b/kernel/trace/power-traces.c
index 0c7dee2..21bb161 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/power-traces.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/power-traces.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Power trace points
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/rpm-traces.c b/kernel/trace/rpm-traces.c
index 4b3b5ea..25dec0b 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/rpm-traces.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/rpm-traces.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Power trace points
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace.h b/kernel/trace/trace.h
index 652c682..401b063 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace.h
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 
 #ifndef _LINUX_KERNEL_TRACE_H
 #define _LINUX_KERNEL_TRACE_H
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_benchmark.c b/kernel/trace/trace_benchmark.c
index 16a8cf0..79f838a 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_benchmark.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_benchmark.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/kthread.h>
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_benchmark.h b/kernel/trace/trace_benchmark.h
index ebdbfc2..be1d86f 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_benchmark.h
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_benchmark.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #undef TRACE_SYSTEM
 #define TRACE_SYSTEM benchmark
 
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_branch.c b/kernel/trace/trace_branch.c
index 4d8fdf3..4ad9674 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_branch.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_branch.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * unlikely profiler
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_entries.h b/kernel/trace/trace_entries.h
index adcdbbe..e954ae3 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_entries.h
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_entries.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * This file defines the trace event structures that go into the ring
  * buffer directly. They are created via macros so that changes for them
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_events_filter_test.h b/kernel/trace/trace_events_filter_test.h
index bfd4dba..39d7ef4 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_events_filter_test.h
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_events_filter_test.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #undef TRACE_SYSTEM
 #define TRACE_SYSTEM test
 
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_export.c b/kernel/trace/trace_export.c
index 39aa7aa..548e62e 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_export.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_export.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * trace_export.c - export basic ftrace utilities to user space
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_functions.c b/kernel/trace/trace_functions.c
index a0910c0..27f7ad1 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_functions.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_functions.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * ring buffer based function tracer
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_functions_graph.c b/kernel/trace/trace_functions_graph.c
index b8f1f54..23c0b0c 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_functions_graph.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_functions_graph.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *
  * Function graph tracer.
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_kdb.c b/kernel/trace/trace_kdb.c
index 57149bc..d953c16 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_kdb.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_kdb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * kdb helper for dumping the ftrace buffer
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_mmiotrace.c b/kernel/trace/trace_mmiotrace.c
index dca78fc..b038801 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_mmiotrace.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_mmiotrace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Memory mapped I/O tracing
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_nop.c b/kernel/trace/trace_nop.c
index 49f61fe9..50523f9 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_nop.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_nop.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * nop tracer
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_output.h b/kernel/trace/trace_output.h
index fabc49b..dbba03e 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_output.h
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_output.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __TRACE_EVENTS_H
 #define __TRACE_EVENTS_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_sched_switch.c b/kernel/trace/trace_sched_switch.c
index b341c02..e288168 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_sched_switch.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_sched_switch.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * trace context switch
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_sched_wakeup.c b/kernel/trace/trace_sched_wakeup.c
index 0c33197..7d461dc 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_sched_wakeup.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_sched_wakeup.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * trace task wakeup timings
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_selftest.c b/kernel/trace/trace_selftest.c
index b17ec64..cd70eb5 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_selftest.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_selftest.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* Include in trace.c */
 
 #include <uapi/linux/sched/types.h>
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_selftest_dynamic.c b/kernel/trace/trace_selftest_dynamic.c
index b4c475a..8cda06a 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_selftest_dynamic.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_selftest_dynamic.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include "trace.h"
 
 int DYN_FTRACE_TEST_NAME(void)
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_stack.c b/kernel/trace/trace_stack.c
index 49cb414..719a52a 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_stack.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_stack.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2008 Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_stat.c b/kernel/trace/trace_stat.c
index 413ff10..75bf1bc 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_stat.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_stat.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Infrastructure for statistic tracing (histogram output).
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_stat.h b/kernel/trace/trace_stat.h
index 8f03914..76d30b4 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_stat.h
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_stat.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __TRACE_STAT_H
 #define __TRACE_STAT_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_syscalls.c b/kernel/trace/trace_syscalls.c
index 696afe7..a2a642f 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_syscalls.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_syscalls.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <trace/syscall.h>
 #include <trace/events/syscalls.h>
 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
diff --git a/kernel/trace/tracing_map.h b/kernel/trace/tracing_map.h
index 618838f..ab0ca77 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/tracing_map.h
+++ b/kernel/trace/tracing_map.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __TRACING_MAP_H
 #define __TRACING_MAP_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/uid16.c b/kernel/uid16.c
index 5c2dc5b..ce74a49 100644
--- a/kernel/uid16.c
+++ b/kernel/uid16.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	Wrapper functions for 16bit uid back compatibility. All nicely tied
  *	together in the faint hope we can take the out in five years time.
diff --git a/kernel/watchdog.c b/kernel/watchdog.c
index 6bcb854..c8e0670 100644
--- a/kernel/watchdog.c
+++ b/kernel/watchdog.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Detect hard and soft lockups on a system
  *
diff --git a/kernel/watchdog_hld.c b/kernel/watchdog_hld.c
index 71a62ce..4583feb 100644
--- a/kernel/watchdog_hld.c
+++ b/kernel/watchdog_hld.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Detect hard lockups on a system
  *
diff --git a/kernel/workqueue_internal.h b/kernel/workqueue_internal.h
index 8635417..efdd72e 100644
--- a/kernel/workqueue_internal.h
+++ b/kernel/workqueue_internal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * kernel/workqueue_internal.h
  *