Merge branch 'akpm' (incoming from Andrew)

Merge misc patches from Andrew Morton:

 - Florian has vanished so I appear to have become fbdev maintainer
   again :(

 - Joel and Mark are distracted to welcome to the new OCFS2 maintainer

 - The backlight queue

 - Small core kernel changes

 - lib/ updates

 - The rtc queue

 - Various random bits

* akpm: (164 commits)
  rtc: rtc-davinci: use devm_*() functions
  rtc: rtc-max8997: use devm_request_threaded_irq()
  rtc: rtc-max8907: use devm_request_threaded_irq()
  rtc: rtc-da9052: use devm_request_threaded_irq()
  rtc: rtc-wm831x: use devm_request_threaded_irq()
  rtc: rtc-tps80031: use devm_request_threaded_irq()
  rtc: rtc-lp8788: use devm_request_threaded_irq()
  rtc: rtc-coh901331: use devm_clk_get()
  rtc: rtc-vt8500: use devm_*() functions
  rtc: rtc-tps6586x: use devm_request_threaded_irq()
  rtc: rtc-imxdi: use devm_clk_get()
  rtc: rtc-cmos: use dev_warn()/dev_dbg() instead of printk()/pr_debug()
  rtc: rtc-pcf8583: use dev_warn() instead of printk()
  rtc: rtc-sun4v: use pr_warn() instead of printk()
  rtc: rtc-vr41xx: use dev_info() instead of printk()
  rtc: rtc-rs5c313: use pr_err() instead of printk()
  rtc: rtc-at91rm9200: use dev_dbg()/dev_err() instead of printk()/pr_debug()
  rtc: rtc-rs5c372: use dev_dbg()/dev_warn() instead of printk()/pr_debug()
  rtc: rtc-ds2404: use dev_err() instead of printk()
  rtc: rtc-efi: use dev_err()/dev_warn()/pr_err() instead of printk()
  ...

5 files changed, 178 insertions, 302 deletions

diff --git a/kernel/compat.c b/kernel/compat.c
index 36700e9..f4bddb9 100644
--- a/kernel/compat.c
+++ b/kernel/compat.c
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE5(waitid,
 		else
 			ret = put_compat_rusage(&ru, uru);
 		if (ret)
-			return ret;
+			return -EFAULT;
 	}
 
 	BUG_ON(info.si_code & __SI_MASK);
diff --git a/kernel/nsproxy.c b/kernel/nsproxy.c
index 78e2ecb..b781e66 100644
--- a/kernel/nsproxy.c
+++ b/kernel/nsproxy.c
@@ -153,8 +153,7 @@ int copy_namespaces(unsigned long flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
 		goto out;
 	}
 
-	new_ns = create_new_namespaces(flags, tsk,
-				       task_cred_xxx(tsk, user_ns), tsk->fs);
+	new_ns = create_new_namespaces(flags, tsk, user_ns, tsk->fs);
 	if (IS_ERR(new_ns)) {
 		err = PTR_ERR(new_ns);
 		goto out;
diff --git a/kernel/smp.c b/kernel/smp.c
index 69f38bd..8e451f3 100644
--- a/kernel/smp.c
+++ b/kernel/smp.c
@@ -16,22 +16,12 @@
 #include "smpboot.h"
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_USE_GENERIC_SMP_HELPERS
-static struct {
-	struct list_head	queue;
-	raw_spinlock_t		lock;
-} call_function __cacheline_aligned_in_smp =
-	{
-		.queue		= LIST_HEAD_INIT(call_function.queue),
-		.lock		= __RAW_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(call_function.lock),
-	};
-
 enum {
 	CSD_FLAG_LOCK		= 0x01,
 };
 
 struct call_function_data {
-	struct call_single_data	csd;
-	atomic_t		refs;
+	struct call_single_data	__percpu *csd;
 	cpumask_var_t		cpumask;
 	cpumask_var_t		cpumask_ipi;
 };
@@ -60,6 +50,11 @@ hotplug_cfd(struct notifier_block *nfb, unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
 		if (!zalloc_cpumask_var_node(&cfd->cpumask_ipi, GFP_KERNEL,
 				cpu_to_node(cpu)))
 			return notifier_from_errno(-ENOMEM);
+		cfd->csd = alloc_percpu(struct call_single_data);
+		if (!cfd->csd) {
+			free_cpumask_var(cfd->cpumask);
+			return notifier_from_errno(-ENOMEM);
+		}
 		break;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
@@ -70,6 +65,7 @@ hotplug_cfd(struct notifier_block *nfb, unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
 	case CPU_DEAD_FROZEN:
 		free_cpumask_var(cfd->cpumask);
 		free_cpumask_var(cfd->cpumask_ipi);
+		free_percpu(cfd->csd);
 		break;
 #endif
 	};
@@ -171,85 +167,6 @@ void generic_exec_single(int cpu, struct call_single_data *data, int wait)
 }
 
 /*
- * Invoked by arch to handle an IPI for call function. Must be called with
- * interrupts disabled.
- */
-void generic_smp_call_function_interrupt(void)
-{
-	struct call_function_data *data;
-	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
-
-	/*
-	 * Shouldn't receive this interrupt on a cpu that is not yet online.
-	 */
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(!cpu_online(cpu));
-
-	/*
-	 * Ensure entry is visible on call_function_queue after we have
-	 * entered the IPI. See comment in smp_call_function_many.
-	 * If we don't have this, then we may miss an entry on the list
-	 * and never get another IPI to process it.
-	 */
-	smp_mb();
-
-	/*
-	 * It's ok to use list_for_each_rcu() here even though we may
-	 * delete 'pos', since list_del_rcu() doesn't clear ->next
-	 */
-	list_for_each_entry_rcu(data, &call_function.queue, csd.list) {
-		int refs;
-		smp_call_func_t func;
-
-		/*
-		 * Since we walk the list without any locks, we might
-		 * see an entry that was completed, removed from the
-		 * list and is in the process of being reused.
-		 *
-		 * We must check that the cpu is in the cpumask before
-		 * checking the refs, and both must be set before
-		 * executing the callback on this cpu.
-		 */
-
-		if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, data->cpumask))
-			continue;
-
-		smp_rmb();
-
-		if (atomic_read(&data->refs) == 0)
-			continue;
-
-		func = data->csd.func;		/* save for later warn */
-		func(data->csd.info);
-
-		/*
-		 * If the cpu mask is not still set then func enabled
-		 * interrupts (BUG), and this cpu took another smp call
-		 * function interrupt and executed func(info) twice
-		 * on this cpu.  That nested execution decremented refs.
-		 */
-		if (!cpumask_test_and_clear_cpu(cpu, data->cpumask)) {
-			WARN(1, "%pf enabled interrupts and double executed\n", func);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		refs = atomic_dec_return(&data->refs);
-		WARN_ON(refs < 0);
-
-		if (refs)
-			continue;
-
-		WARN_ON(!cpumask_empty(data->cpumask));
-
-		raw_spin_lock(&call_function.lock);
-		list_del_rcu(&data->csd.list);
-		raw_spin_unlock(&call_function.lock);
-
-		csd_unlock(&data->csd);
-	}
-
-}
-
-/*
  * Invoked by arch to handle an IPI for call function single. Must be
  * called from the arch with interrupts disabled.
  */
@@ -453,8 +370,7 @@ void smp_call_function_many(const struct cpumask *mask,
 			    smp_call_func_t func, void *info, bool wait)
 {
 	struct call_function_data *data;
-	unsigned long flags;
-	int refs, cpu, next_cpu, this_cpu = smp_processor_id();
+	int cpu, next_cpu, this_cpu = smp_processor_id();
 
 	/*
 	 * Can deadlock when called with interrupts disabled.
@@ -486,50 +402,13 @@ void smp_call_function_many(const struct cpumask *mask,
 	}
 
 	data = &__get_cpu_var(cfd_data);
-	csd_lock(&data->csd);
-
-	/* This BUG_ON verifies our reuse assertions and can be removed */
-	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&data->refs) || !cpumask_empty(data->cpumask));
-
-	/*
-	 * The global call function queue list add and delete are protected
-	 * by a lock, but the list is traversed without any lock, relying
-	 * on the rcu list add and delete to allow safe concurrent traversal.
-	 * We reuse the call function data without waiting for any grace
-	 * period after some other cpu removes it from the global queue.
-	 * This means a cpu might find our data block as it is being
-	 * filled out.
-	 *
-	 * We hold off the interrupt handler on the other cpu by
-	 * ordering our writes to the cpu mask vs our setting of the
-	 * refs counter.  We assert only the cpu owning the data block
-	 * will set a bit in cpumask, and each bit will only be cleared
-	 * by the subject cpu.  Each cpu must first find its bit is
-	 * set and then check that refs is set indicating the element is
-	 * ready to be processed, otherwise it must skip the entry.
-	 *
-	 * On the previous iteration refs was set to 0 by another cpu.
-	 * To avoid the use of transitivity, set the counter to 0 here
-	 * so the wmb will pair with the rmb in the interrupt handler.
-	 */
-	atomic_set(&data->refs, 0);	/* convert 3rd to 1st party write */
-
-	data->csd.func = func;
-	data->csd.info = info;
 
-	/* Ensure 0 refs is visible before mask.  Also orders func and info */
-	smp_wmb();
-
-	/* We rely on the "and" being processed before the store */
 	cpumask_and(data->cpumask, mask, cpu_online_mask);
 	cpumask_clear_cpu(this_cpu, data->cpumask);
-	refs = cpumask_weight(data->cpumask);
 
 	/* Some callers race with other cpus changing the passed mask */
-	if (unlikely(!refs)) {
-		csd_unlock(&data->csd);
+	if (unlikely(!cpumask_weight(data->cpumask)))
 		return;
-	}
 
 	/*
 	 * After we put an entry into the list, data->cpumask
@@ -537,34 +416,32 @@ void smp_call_function_many(const struct cpumask *mask,
 	 * a SMP function call, so data->cpumask will be zero.
 	 */
 	cpumask_copy(data->cpumask_ipi, data->cpumask);
-	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&call_function.lock, flags);
-	/*
-	 * Place entry at the _HEAD_ of the list, so that any cpu still
-	 * observing the entry in generic_smp_call_function_interrupt()
-	 * will not miss any other list entries:
-	 */
-	list_add_rcu(&data->csd.list, &call_function.queue);
-	/*
-	 * We rely on the wmb() in list_add_rcu to complete our writes
-	 * to the cpumask before this write to refs, which indicates
-	 * data is on the list and is ready to be processed.
-	 */
-	atomic_set(&data->refs, refs);
-	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&call_function.lock, flags);
 
-	/*
-	 * Make the list addition visible before sending the ipi.
-	 * (IPIs must obey or appear to obey normal Linux cache
-	 * coherency rules -- see comment in generic_exec_single).
-	 */
-	smp_mb();
+	for_each_cpu(cpu, data->cpumask) {
+		struct call_single_data *csd = per_cpu_ptr(data->csd, cpu);
+		struct call_single_queue *dst =
+					&per_cpu(call_single_queue, cpu);
+		unsigned long flags;
+
+		csd_lock(csd);
+		csd->func = func;
+		csd->info = info;
+
+		raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&dst->lock, flags);
+		list_add_tail(&csd->list, &dst->list);
+		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dst->lock, flags);
+	}
 
 	/* Send a message to all CPUs in the map */
 	arch_send_call_function_ipi_mask(data->cpumask_ipi);
 
-	/* Optionally wait for the CPUs to complete */
-	if (wait)
-		csd_lock_wait(&data->csd);
+	if (wait) {
+		for_each_cpu(cpu, data->cpumask) {
+			struct call_single_data *csd =
+					per_cpu_ptr(data->csd, cpu);
+			csd_lock_wait(csd);
+		}
+	}
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(smp_call_function_many);
 
diff --git a/kernel/sys.c b/kernel/sys.c
index 265b376..840cfdad 100644
--- a/kernel/sys.c
+++ b/kernel/sys.c
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
 #include <linux/user_namespace.h>
+#include <linux/binfmts.h>
 
 #include <linux/kmsg_dump.h>
 /* Move somewhere else to avoid recompiling? */
@@ -2012,160 +2013,159 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE5(prctl, int, option, unsigned long, arg2, unsigned long, arg3,
 
 	error = 0;
 	switch (option) {
-		case PR_SET_PDEATHSIG:
-			if (!valid_signal(arg2)) {
-				error = -EINVAL;
-				break;
-			}
-			me->pdeath_signal = arg2;
-			break;
-		case PR_GET_PDEATHSIG:
-			error = put_user(me->pdeath_signal, (int __user *)arg2);
-			break;
-		case PR_GET_DUMPABLE:
-			error = get_dumpable(me->mm);
+	case PR_SET_PDEATHSIG:
+		if (!valid_signal(arg2)) {
+			error = -EINVAL;
 			break;
-		case PR_SET_DUMPABLE:
-			if (arg2 < 0 || arg2 > 1) {
-				error = -EINVAL;
-				break;
-			}
-			set_dumpable(me->mm, arg2);
+		}
+		me->pdeath_signal = arg2;
+		break;
+	case PR_GET_PDEATHSIG:
+		error = put_user(me->pdeath_signal, (int __user *)arg2);
+		break;
+	case PR_GET_DUMPABLE:
+		error = get_dumpable(me->mm);
+		break;
+	case PR_SET_DUMPABLE:
+		if (arg2 != SUID_DUMP_DISABLE && arg2 != SUID_DUMP_USER) {
+			error = -EINVAL;
 			break;
+		}
+		set_dumpable(me->mm, arg2);
+		break;
 
-		case PR_SET_UNALIGN:
-			error = SET_UNALIGN_CTL(me, arg2);
-			break;
-		case PR_GET_UNALIGN:
-			error = GET_UNALIGN_CTL(me, arg2);
-			break;
-		case PR_SET_FPEMU:
-			error = SET_FPEMU_CTL(me, arg2);
-			break;
-		case PR_GET_FPEMU:
-			error = GET_FPEMU_CTL(me, arg2);
-			break;
-		case PR_SET_FPEXC:
-			error = SET_FPEXC_CTL(me, arg2);
-			break;
-		case PR_GET_FPEXC:
-			error = GET_FPEXC_CTL(me, arg2);
-			break;
-		case PR_GET_TIMING:
-			error = PR_TIMING_STATISTICAL;
-			break;
-		case PR_SET_TIMING:
-			if (arg2 != PR_TIMING_STATISTICAL)
-				error = -EINVAL;
-			break;
-		case PR_SET_NAME:
-			comm[sizeof(me->comm)-1] = 0;
-			if (strncpy_from_user(comm, (char __user *)arg2,
-					      sizeof(me->comm) - 1) < 0)
-				return -EFAULT;
-			set_task_comm(me, comm);
-			proc_comm_connector(me);
-			break;
-		case PR_GET_NAME:
-			get_task_comm(comm, me);
-			if (copy_to_user((char __user *)arg2, comm,
-					 sizeof(comm)))
-				return -EFAULT;
-			break;
-		case PR_GET_ENDIAN:
-			error = GET_ENDIAN(me, arg2);
-			break;
-		case PR_SET_ENDIAN:
-			error = SET_ENDIAN(me, arg2);
-			break;
-		case PR_GET_SECCOMP:
-			error = prctl_get_seccomp();
-			break;
-		case PR_SET_SECCOMP:
-			error = prctl_set_seccomp(arg2, (char __user *)arg3);
-			break;
-		case PR_GET_TSC:
-			error = GET_TSC_CTL(arg2);
-			break;
-		case PR_SET_TSC:
-			error = SET_TSC_CTL(arg2);
-			break;
-		case PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_DISABLE:
-			error = perf_event_task_disable();
-			break;
-		case PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_ENABLE:
-			error = perf_event_task_enable();
-			break;
-		case PR_GET_TIMERSLACK:
-			error = current->timer_slack_ns;
-			break;
-		case PR_SET_TIMERSLACK:
-			if (arg2 <= 0)
-				current->timer_slack_ns =
+	case PR_SET_UNALIGN:
+		error = SET_UNALIGN_CTL(me, arg2);
+		break;
+	case PR_GET_UNALIGN:
+		error = GET_UNALIGN_CTL(me, arg2);
+		break;
+	case PR_SET_FPEMU:
+		error = SET_FPEMU_CTL(me, arg2);
+		break;
+	case PR_GET_FPEMU:
+		error = GET_FPEMU_CTL(me, arg2);
+		break;
+	case PR_SET_FPEXC:
+		error = SET_FPEXC_CTL(me, arg2);
+		break;
+	case PR_GET_FPEXC:
+		error = GET_FPEXC_CTL(me, arg2);
+		break;
+	case PR_GET_TIMING:
+		error = PR_TIMING_STATISTICAL;
+		break;
+	case PR_SET_TIMING:
+		if (arg2 != PR_TIMING_STATISTICAL)
+			error = -EINVAL;
+		break;
+	case PR_SET_NAME:
+		comm[sizeof(me->comm) - 1] = 0;
+		if (strncpy_from_user(comm, (char __user *)arg2,
+				      sizeof(me->comm) - 1) < 0)
+			return -EFAULT;
+		set_task_comm(me, comm);
+		proc_comm_connector(me);
+		break;
+	case PR_GET_NAME:
+		get_task_comm(comm, me);
+		if (copy_to_user((char __user *)arg2, comm, sizeof(comm)))
+			return -EFAULT;
+		break;
+	case PR_GET_ENDIAN:
+		error = GET_ENDIAN(me, arg2);
+		break;
+	case PR_SET_ENDIAN:
+		error = SET_ENDIAN(me, arg2);
+		break;
+	case PR_GET_SECCOMP:
+		error = prctl_get_seccomp();
+		break;
+	case PR_SET_SECCOMP:
+		error = prctl_set_seccomp(arg2, (char __user *)arg3);
+		break;
+	case PR_GET_TSC:
+		error = GET_TSC_CTL(arg2);
+		break;
+	case PR_SET_TSC:
+		error = SET_TSC_CTL(arg2);
+		break;
+	case PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_DISABLE:
+		error = perf_event_task_disable();
+		break;
+	case PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_ENABLE:
+		error = perf_event_task_enable();
+		break;
+	case PR_GET_TIMERSLACK:
+		error = current->timer_slack_ns;
+		break;
+	case PR_SET_TIMERSLACK:
+		if (arg2 <= 0)
+			current->timer_slack_ns =
 					current->default_timer_slack_ns;
-			else
-				current->timer_slack_ns = arg2;
-			break;
-		case PR_MCE_KILL:
-			if (arg4 | arg5)
-				return -EINVAL;
-			switch (arg2) {
-			case PR_MCE_KILL_CLEAR:
-				if (arg3 != 0)
-					return -EINVAL;
-				current->flags &= ~PF_MCE_PROCESS;
-				break;
-			case PR_MCE_KILL_SET:
-				current->flags |= PF_MCE_PROCESS;
-				if (arg3 == PR_MCE_KILL_EARLY)
-					current->flags |= PF_MCE_EARLY;
-				else if (arg3 == PR_MCE_KILL_LATE)
-					current->flags &= ~PF_MCE_EARLY;
-				else if (arg3 == PR_MCE_KILL_DEFAULT)
-					current->flags &=
-						~(PF_MCE_EARLY|PF_MCE_PROCESS);
-				else
-					return -EINVAL;
-				break;
-			default:
+		else
+			current->timer_slack_ns = arg2;
+		break;
+	case PR_MCE_KILL:
+		if (arg4 | arg5)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		switch (arg2) {
+		case PR_MCE_KILL_CLEAR:
+			if (arg3 != 0)
 				return -EINVAL;
-			}
+			current->flags &= ~PF_MCE_PROCESS;
 			break;
-		case PR_MCE_KILL_GET:
-			if (arg2 | arg3 | arg4 | arg5)
-				return -EINVAL;
-			if (current->flags & PF_MCE_PROCESS)
-				error = (current->flags & PF_MCE_EARLY) ?
-					PR_MCE_KILL_EARLY : PR_MCE_KILL_LATE;
+		case PR_MCE_KILL_SET:
+			current->flags |= PF_MCE_PROCESS;
+			if (arg3 == PR_MCE_KILL_EARLY)
+				current->flags |= PF_MCE_EARLY;
+			else if (arg3 == PR_MCE_KILL_LATE)
+				current->flags &= ~PF_MCE_EARLY;
+			else if (arg3 == PR_MCE_KILL_DEFAULT)
+				current->flags &=
+						~(PF_MCE_EARLY|PF_MCE_PROCESS);
 			else
-				error = PR_MCE_KILL_DEFAULT;
-			break;
-		case PR_SET_MM:
-			error = prctl_set_mm(arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5);
-			break;
-		case PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS:
-			error = prctl_get_tid_address(me, (int __user **)arg2);
-			break;
-		case PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER:
-			me->signal->is_child_subreaper = !!arg2;
-			break;
-		case PR_GET_CHILD_SUBREAPER:
-			error = put_user(me->signal->is_child_subreaper,
-					 (int __user *) arg2);
-			break;
-		case PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS:
-			if (arg2 != 1 || arg3 || arg4 || arg5)
 				return -EINVAL;
-
-			current->no_new_privs = 1;
 			break;
-		case PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS:
-			if (arg2 || arg3 || arg4 || arg5)
-				return -EINVAL;
-			return current->no_new_privs ? 1 : 0;
 		default:
-			error = -EINVAL;
-			break;
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		break;
+	case PR_MCE_KILL_GET:
+		if (arg2 | arg3 | arg4 | arg5)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		if (current->flags & PF_MCE_PROCESS)
+			error = (current->flags & PF_MCE_EARLY) ?
+				PR_MCE_KILL_EARLY : PR_MCE_KILL_LATE;
+		else
+			error = PR_MCE_KILL_DEFAULT;
+		break;
+	case PR_SET_MM:
+		error = prctl_set_mm(arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5);
+		break;
+	case PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS:
+		error = prctl_get_tid_address(me, (int __user **)arg2);
+		break;
+	case PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER:
+		me->signal->is_child_subreaper = !!arg2;
+		break;
+	case PR_GET_CHILD_SUBREAPER:
+		error = put_user(me->signal->is_child_subreaper,
+				 (int __user *)arg2);
+		break;
+	case PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS:
+		if (arg2 != 1 || arg3 || arg4 || arg5)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		current->no_new_privs = 1;
+		break;
+	case PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS:
+		if (arg2 || arg3 || arg4 || arg5)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		return current->no_new_privs ? 1 : 0;
+	default:
+		error = -EINVAL;
+		break;
 	}
 	return error;
 }
diff --git a/kernel/time.c b/kernel/time.c
index c2a27dd..f8342a4 100644
--- a/kernel/time.c
+++ b/kernel/time.c
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(current_fs_time);
  * Avoid unnecessary multiplications/divisions in the
  * two most common HZ cases:
  */
-inline unsigned int jiffies_to_msecs(const unsigned long j)
+unsigned int jiffies_to_msecs(const unsigned long j)
 {
 #if HZ <= MSEC_PER_SEC && !(MSEC_PER_SEC % HZ)
 	return (MSEC_PER_SEC / HZ) * j;
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ inline unsigned int jiffies_to_msecs(const unsigned long j)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(jiffies_to_msecs);
 
-inline unsigned int jiffies_to_usecs(const unsigned long j)
+unsigned int jiffies_to_usecs(const unsigned long j)
 {
 #if HZ <= USEC_PER_SEC && !(USEC_PER_SEC % HZ)
 	return (USEC_PER_SEC / HZ) * j;