Fix inotify watch removal/umount races

Inotify watch removals suck violently.

To kick the watch out we need (in this order) inode->inotify_mutex and
ih->mutex.  That's fine if we have a hold on inode; however, for all
other cases we need to make damn sure we don't race with umount.  We can
*NOT* just grab a reference to a watch - inotify_unmount_inodes() will
happily sail past it and we'll end with reference to inode potentially
outliving its superblock.

Ideally we just want to grab an active reference to superblock if we
can; that will make sure we won't go into inotify_umount_inodes() until
we are done.  Cleanup is just deactivate_super().

However, that leaves a messy case - what if we *are* racing with
umount() and active references to superblock can't be acquired anymore?
We can bump ->s_count, grab ->s_umount, which will almost certainly wait
until the superblock is shut down and the watch in question is pining
for fjords.  That's fine, but there is a problem - we might have hit the
window between ->s_active getting to 0 / ->s_count - below S_BIAS (i.e.
the moment when superblock is past the point of no return and is heading
for shutdown) and the moment when deactivate_super() acquires
->s_umount.

We could just do drop_super() yield() and retry, but that's rather
antisocial and this stuff is luser-triggerable.  OTOH, having grabbed
->s_umount and having found that we'd got there first (i.e.  that
->s_root is non-NULL) we know that we won't race with
inotify_umount_inodes().

So we could grab a reference to watch and do the rest as above, just
with drop_super() instead of deactivate_super(), right? Wrong.  We had
to drop ih->mutex before we could grab ->s_umount.  So the watch
could've been gone already.

That still can be dealt with - we need to save watch->wd, do idr_find()
and compare its result with our pointer.  If they match, we either have
the damn thing still alive or we'd lost not one but two races at once,
the watch had been killed and a new one got created with the same ->wd
at the same address.  That couldn't have happened in inotify_destroy(),
but inotify_rm_wd() could run into that.  Still, "new one got created"
is not a problem - we have every right to kill it or leave it alone,
whatever's more convenient.

So we can use idr_find(...) == watch && watch->inode->i_sb == sb as
"grab it and kill it" check.  If it's been our original watch, we are
fine, if it's a newcomer - nevermind, just pretend that we'd won the
race and kill the fscker anyway; we are safe since we know that its
superblock won't be going away.

And yes, this is far beyond mere "not very pretty"; so's the entire
concept of inotify to start with.

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Acked-by: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

2 files changed, 63 insertions, 42 deletions

diff --git a/kernel/audit_tree.c b/kernel/audit_tree.c
index 8ba0e0d..8b50944 100644
--- a/kernel/audit_tree.c
+++ b/kernel/audit_tree.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ struct audit_chunk {
 	struct list_head trees;		/* with root here */
 	int dead;
 	int count;
+	atomic_long_t refs;
 	struct rcu_head head;
 	struct node {
 		struct list_head list;
@@ -56,7 +57,8 @@ static LIST_HEAD(prune_list);
  * tree is refcounted; one reference for "some rules on rules_list refer to
  * it", one for each chunk with pointer to it.
  *
- * chunk is refcounted by embedded inotify_watch.
+ * chunk is refcounted by embedded inotify_watch + .refs (non-zero refcount
+ * of watch contributes 1 to .refs).
  *
  * node.index allows to get from node.list to containing chunk.
  * MSB of that sucker is stolen to mark taggings that we might have to
@@ -121,6 +123,7 @@ static struct audit_chunk *alloc_chunk(int count)
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chunk->hash);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chunk->trees);
 	chunk->count = count;
+	atomic_long_set(&chunk->refs, 1);
 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chunk->owners[i].list);
 		chunk->owners[i].index = i;
@@ -129,9 +132,8 @@ static struct audit_chunk *alloc_chunk(int count)
 	return chunk;
 }
 
-static void __free_chunk(struct rcu_head *rcu)
+static void free_chunk(struct audit_chunk *chunk)
 {
-	struct audit_chunk *chunk = container_of(rcu, struct audit_chunk, head);
 	int i;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < chunk->count; i++) {
@@ -141,14 +143,16 @@ static void __free_chunk(struct rcu_head *rcu)
 	kfree(chunk);
 }
 
-static inline void free_chunk(struct audit_chunk *chunk)
+void audit_put_chunk(struct audit_chunk *chunk)
 {
-	call_rcu(&chunk->head, __free_chunk);
+	if (atomic_long_dec_and_test(&chunk->refs))
+		free_chunk(chunk);
 }
 
-void audit_put_chunk(struct audit_chunk *chunk)
+static void __put_chunk(struct rcu_head *rcu)
 {
-	put_inotify_watch(&chunk->watch);
+	struct audit_chunk *chunk = container_of(rcu, struct audit_chunk, head);
+	audit_put_chunk(chunk);
 }
 
 enum {HASH_SIZE = 128};
@@ -176,7 +180,7 @@ struct audit_chunk *audit_tree_lookup(const struct inode *inode)
 
 	list_for_each_entry_rcu(p, list, hash) {
 		if (p->watch.inode == inode) {
-			get_inotify_watch(&p->watch);
+			atomic_long_inc(&p->refs);
 			return p;
 		}
 	}
@@ -194,17 +198,49 @@ int audit_tree_match(struct audit_chunk *chunk, struct audit_tree *tree)
 
 /* tagging and untagging inodes with trees */
 
-static void untag_chunk(struct audit_chunk *chunk, struct node *p)
+static struct audit_chunk *find_chunk(struct node *p)
+{
+	int index = p->index & ~(1U<<31);
+	p -= index;
+	return container_of(p, struct audit_chunk, owners[0]);
+}
+
+static void untag_chunk(struct node *p)
 {
+	struct audit_chunk *chunk = find_chunk(p);
 	struct audit_chunk *new;
 	struct audit_tree *owner;
 	int size = chunk->count - 1;
 	int i, j;
 
+	if (!pin_inotify_watch(&chunk->watch)) {
+		/*
+		 * Filesystem is shutting down; all watches are getting
+		 * evicted, just take it off the node list for this
+		 * tree and let the eviction logics take care of the
+		 * rest.
+		 */
+		owner = p->owner;
+		if (owner->root == chunk) {
+			list_del_init(&owner->same_root);
+			owner->root = NULL;
+		}
+		list_del_init(&p->list);
+		p->owner = NULL;
+		put_tree(owner);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	spin_unlock(&hash_lock);
+
+	/*
+	 * pin_inotify_watch() succeeded, so the watch won't go away
+	 * from under us.
+	 */
 	mutex_lock(&chunk->watch.inode->inotify_mutex);
 	if (chunk->dead) {
 		mutex_unlock(&chunk->watch.inode->inotify_mutex);
-		return;
+		goto out;
 	}
 
 	owner = p->owner;
@@ -221,7 +257,7 @@ static void untag_chunk(struct audit_chunk *chunk, struct node *p)
 		inotify_evict_watch(&chunk->watch);
 		mutex_unlock(&chunk->watch.inode->inotify_mutex);
 		put_inotify_watch(&chunk->watch);
-		return;
+		goto out;
 	}
 
 	new = alloc_chunk(size);
@@ -263,7 +299,7 @@ static void untag_chunk(struct audit_chunk *chunk, struct node *p)
 	inotify_evict_watch(&chunk->watch);
 	mutex_unlock(&chunk->watch.inode->inotify_mutex);
 	put_inotify_watch(&chunk->watch);
-	return;
+	goto out;
 
 Fallback:
 	// do the best we can
@@ -277,6 +313,9 @@ Fallback:
 	put_tree(owner);
 	spin_unlock(&hash_lock);
 	mutex_unlock(&chunk->watch.inode->inotify_mutex);
+out:
+	unpin_inotify_watch(&chunk->watch);
+	spin_lock(&hash_lock);
 }
 
 static int create_chunk(struct inode *inode, struct audit_tree *tree)
@@ -387,13 +426,6 @@ static int tag_chunk(struct inode *inode, struct audit_tree *tree)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct audit_chunk *find_chunk(struct node *p)
-{
-	int index = p->index & ~(1U<<31);
-	p -= index;
-	return container_of(p, struct audit_chunk, owners[0]);
-}
-
 static void kill_rules(struct audit_tree *tree)
 {
 	struct audit_krule *rule, *next;
@@ -431,17 +463,10 @@ static void prune_one(struct audit_tree *victim)
 	spin_lock(&hash_lock);
 	while (!list_empty(&victim->chunks)) {
 		struct node *p;
-		struct audit_chunk *chunk;
 
 		p = list_entry(victim->chunks.next, struct node, list);
-		chunk = find_chunk(p);
-		get_inotify_watch(&chunk->watch);
-		spin_unlock(&hash_lock);
-
-		untag_chunk(chunk, p);
 
-		put_inotify_watch(&chunk->watch);
-		spin_lock(&hash_lock);
+		untag_chunk(p);
 	}
 	spin_unlock(&hash_lock);
 	put_tree(victim);
@@ -469,7 +494,6 @@ static void trim_marked(struct audit_tree *tree)
 
 	while (!list_empty(&tree->chunks)) {
 		struct node *node;
-		struct audit_chunk *chunk;
 
 		node = list_entry(tree->chunks.next, struct node, list);
 
@@ -477,14 +501,7 @@ static void trim_marked(struct audit_tree *tree)
 		if (!(node->index & (1U<<31)))
 			break;
 
-		chunk = find_chunk(node);
-		get_inotify_watch(&chunk->watch);
-		spin_unlock(&hash_lock);
-
-		untag_chunk(chunk, node);
-
-		put_inotify_watch(&chunk->watch);
-		spin_lock(&hash_lock);
+		untag_chunk(node);
 	}
 	if (!tree->root && !tree->goner) {
 		tree->goner = 1;
@@ -878,7 +895,7 @@ static void handle_event(struct inotify_watch *watch, u32 wd, u32 mask,
 static void destroy_watch(struct inotify_watch *watch)
 {
 	struct audit_chunk *chunk = container_of(watch, struct audit_chunk, watch);
-	free_chunk(chunk);
+	call_rcu(&chunk->head, __put_chunk);
 }
 
 static const struct inotify_operations rtree_inotify_ops = {
diff --git a/kernel/auditfilter.c b/kernel/auditfilter.c
index b7d354e..9fd85a4 100644
--- a/kernel/auditfilter.c
+++ b/kernel/auditfilter.c
@@ -1094,8 +1094,8 @@ static void audit_inotify_unregister(struct list_head *in_list)
 	list_for_each_entry_safe(p, n, in_list, ilist) {
 		list_del(&p->ilist);
 		inotify_rm_watch(audit_ih, &p->wdata);
-		/* the put matching the get in audit_do_del_rule() */
-		put_inotify_watch(&p->wdata);
+		/* the unpin matching the pin in audit_do_del_rule() */
+		unpin_inotify_watch(&p->wdata);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1389,9 +1389,13 @@ static inline int audit_del_rule(struct audit_entry *entry,
 				/* Put parent on the inotify un-registration
 				 * list.  Grab a reference before releasing
 				 * audit_filter_mutex, to be released in
-				 * audit_inotify_unregister(). */
-				list_add(&parent->ilist, &inotify_list);
-				get_inotify_watch(&parent->wdata);
+				 * audit_inotify_unregister().
+				 * If filesystem is going away, just leave
+				 * the sucker alone, eviction will take
+				 * care of it.
+				 */
+				if (pin_inotify_watch(&parent->wdata))
+					list_add(&parent->ilist, &inotify_list);
 			}
 		}
 	}