hrtimer: Allow hrtimer::function() to free the timer

Currently an hrtimer callback function cannot free its own timer
because __run_hrtimer() still needs to clear HRTIMER_STATE_CALLBACK
after it. Freeing the timer would result in a clear use-after-free.

Solve this by using a scheme similar to regular timers; track the
current running timer in hrtimer_clock_base::running.

Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: ktkhai@parallels.com
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: juri.lelli@gmail.com
Cc: pang.xunlei@linaro.org
Cc: wanpeng.li@linux.intel.com
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: umgwanakikbuti@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150611124743.471563047@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

1 files changed, 91 insertions, 23 deletions

diff --git a/kernel/time/hrtimer.c b/kernel/time/hrtimer.c
index 1604157..f026413 100644
--- a/kernel/time/hrtimer.c
+++ b/kernel/time/hrtimer.c
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct hrtimer_cpu_base, hrtimer_bases) =
 {
 	.lock = __RAW_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(hrtimer_bases.lock),
+	.seq = SEQCNT_ZERO(hrtimer_bases.seq),
 	.clock_base =
 	{
 		{
@@ -111,6 +112,18 @@ static inline int hrtimer_clockid_to_base(clockid_t clock_id)
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 
 /*
+ * We require the migration_base for lock_hrtimer_base()/switch_hrtimer_base()
+ * such that hrtimer_callback_running() can unconditionally dereference
+ * timer->base->cpu_base
+ */
+static struct hrtimer_cpu_base migration_cpu_base = {
+	.seq = SEQCNT_ZERO(migration_cpu_base),
+	.clock_base = { { .cpu_base = &migration_cpu_base, }, },
+};
+
+#define migration_base	migration_cpu_base.clock_base[0]
+
+/*
  * We are using hashed locking: holding per_cpu(hrtimer_bases)[n].lock
  * means that all timers which are tied to this base via timer->base are
  * locked, and the base itself is locked too.
@@ -119,8 +132,8 @@ static inline int hrtimer_clockid_to_base(clockid_t clock_id)
  * be found on the lists/queues.
  *
  * When the timer's base is locked, and the timer removed from list, it is
- * possible to set timer->base = NULL and drop the lock: the timer remains
- * locked.
+ * possible to set timer->base = &migration_base and drop the lock: the timer
+ * remains locked.
  */
 static
 struct hrtimer_clock_base *lock_hrtimer_base(const struct hrtimer *timer,
@@ -130,7 +143,7 @@ struct hrtimer_clock_base *lock_hrtimer_base(const struct hrtimer *timer,
 
 	for (;;) {
 		base = timer->base;
-		if (likely(base != NULL)) {
+		if (likely(base != &migration_base)) {
 			raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&base->cpu_base->lock, *flags);
 			if (likely(base == timer->base))
 				return base;
@@ -194,8 +207,8 @@ again:
 		if (unlikely(hrtimer_callback_running(timer)))
 			return base;
 
-		/* See the comment in lock_timer_base() */
-		timer->base = NULL;
+		/* See the comment in lock_hrtimer_base() */
+		timer->base = &migration_base;
 		raw_spin_unlock(&base->cpu_base->lock);
 		raw_spin_lock(&new_base->cpu_base->lock);
 
@@ -838,11 +851,7 @@ static int enqueue_hrtimer(struct hrtimer *timer,
 
 	base->cpu_base->active_bases |= 1 << base->index;
 
-	/*
-	 * HRTIMER_STATE_ENQUEUED is or'ed to the current state to preserve the
-	 * state of a possibly running callback.
-	 */
-	timer->state |= HRTIMER_STATE_ENQUEUED;
+	timer->state = HRTIMER_STATE_ENQUEUED;
 
 	return timerqueue_add(&base->active, &timer->node);
 }
@@ -907,14 +916,9 @@ remove_hrtimer(struct hrtimer *timer, struct hrtimer_clock_base *base, bool rest
 		timer_stats_hrtimer_clear_start_info(timer);
 		reprogram = base->cpu_base == this_cpu_ptr(&hrtimer_bases);
 
-		if (!restart) {
-			/*
-			 * We must preserve the CALLBACK state flag here,
-			 * otherwise we could move the timer base in
-			 * switch_hrtimer_base.
-			 */
-			state &= HRTIMER_STATE_CALLBACK;
-		}
+		if (!restart)
+			state = HRTIMER_STATE_INACTIVE;
+
 		__remove_hrtimer(timer, base, state, reprogram);
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -1115,6 +1119,51 @@ void hrtimer_init(struct hrtimer *timer, clockid_t clock_id,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hrtimer_init);
 
+/*
+ * A timer is active, when it is enqueued into the rbtree or the
+ * callback function is running or it's in the state of being migrated
+ * to another cpu.
+ *
+ * It is important for this function to not return a false negative.
+ */
+bool hrtimer_active(const struct hrtimer *timer)
+{
+	struct hrtimer_cpu_base *cpu_base;
+	unsigned int seq;
+
+	do {
+		cpu_base = READ_ONCE(timer->base->cpu_base);
+		seq = raw_read_seqcount_begin(&cpu_base->seq);
+
+		if (timer->state != HRTIMER_STATE_INACTIVE ||
+		    cpu_base->running == timer)
+			return true;
+
+	} while (read_seqcount_retry(&cpu_base->seq, seq) ||
+		 cpu_base != READ_ONCE(timer->base->cpu_base));
+
+	return false;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hrtimer_active);
+
+/*
+ * The write_seqcount_barrier()s in __run_hrtimer() split the thing into 3
+ * distinct sections:
+ *
+ *  - queued:	the timer is queued
+ *  - callback:	the timer is being ran
+ *  - post:	the timer is inactive or (re)queued
+ *
+ * On the read side we ensure we observe timer->state and cpu_base->running
+ * from the same section, if anything changed while we looked at it, we retry.
+ * This includes timer->base changing because sequence numbers alone are
+ * insufficient for that.
+ *
+ * The sequence numbers are required because otherwise we could still observe
+ * a false negative if the read side got smeared over multiple consequtive
+ * __run_hrtimer() invocations.
+ */
+
 static void __run_hrtimer(struct hrtimer_cpu_base *cpu_base,
 			  struct hrtimer_clock_base *base,
 			  struct hrtimer *timer, ktime_t *now)
@@ -1122,10 +1171,21 @@ static void __run_hrtimer(struct hrtimer_cpu_base *cpu_base,
 	enum hrtimer_restart (*fn)(struct hrtimer *);
 	int restart;
 
-	WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cpu_base->lock);
 
 	debug_deactivate(timer);
-	__remove_hrtimer(timer, base, HRTIMER_STATE_CALLBACK, 0);
+	cpu_base->running = timer;
+
+	/*
+	 * Separate the ->running assignment from the ->state assignment.
+	 *
+	 * As with a regular write barrier, this ensures the read side in
+	 * hrtimer_active() cannot observe cpu_base->running == NULL &&
+	 * timer->state == INACTIVE.
+	 */
+	raw_write_seqcount_barrier(&cpu_base->seq);
+
+	__remove_hrtimer(timer, base, HRTIMER_STATE_INACTIVE, 0);
 	timer_stats_account_hrtimer(timer);
 	fn = timer->function;
 
@@ -1141,7 +1201,7 @@ static void __run_hrtimer(struct hrtimer_cpu_base *cpu_base,
 	raw_spin_lock(&cpu_base->lock);
 
 	/*
-	 * Note: We clear the CALLBACK bit after enqueue_hrtimer and
+	 * Note: We clear the running state after enqueue_hrtimer and
 	 * we do not reprogramm the event hardware. Happens either in
 	 * hrtimer_start_range_ns() or in hrtimer_interrupt()
 	 *
@@ -1153,9 +1213,17 @@ static void __run_hrtimer(struct hrtimer_cpu_base *cpu_base,
 	    !(timer->state & HRTIMER_STATE_ENQUEUED))
 		enqueue_hrtimer(timer, base);
 
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(!(timer->state & HRTIMER_STATE_CALLBACK));
+	/*
+	 * Separate the ->running assignment from the ->state assignment.
+	 *
+	 * As with a regular write barrier, this ensures the read side in
+	 * hrtimer_active() cannot observe cpu_base->running == NULL &&
+	 * timer->state == INACTIVE.
+	 */
+	raw_write_seqcount_barrier(&cpu_base->seq);
 
-	timer->state &= ~HRTIMER_STATE_CALLBACK;
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(cpu_base->running != timer);
+	cpu_base->running = NULL;
 }
 
 static void __hrtimer_run_queues(struct hrtimer_cpu_base *cpu_base, ktime_t now)