Merge branch 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull RCU changes from Ingo Molar:
 "The main changes:

   - torture-test updates
   - callback-offloading changes
   - maintainership changes
   - update RCU documentation
   - miscellaneous fixes"

* 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (32 commits)
  rcu: Allow for NULL tick_nohz_full_mask when nohz_full= missing
  rcu: Fix a sparse warning in rcu_report_unblock_qs_rnp()
  rcu: Fix a sparse warning in rcu_initiate_boost()
  rcu: Fix __rcu_reclaim() to use true/false for bool
  rcu: Remove CONFIG_PROVE_RCU_DELAY
  rcu: Use __this_cpu_read() instead of per_cpu_ptr()
  rcu: Don't use NMIs to dump other CPUs' stacks
  rcu: Bind grace-period kthreads to non-NO_HZ_FULL CPUs
  rcu: Simplify priority boosting by putting rt_mutex in rcu_node
  rcu: Check both root and current rcu_node when setting up future grace period
  rcu: Allow post-unlock reference for rt_mutex
  rcu: Loosen __call_rcu()'s rcu_head alignment constraint
  rcu: Eliminate read-modify-write ACCESS_ONCE() calls
  rcu: Remove redundant ACCESS_ONCE() from tick_do_timer_cpu
  rcu: Make rcu node arrays static const char * const
  signal: Explain local_irq_save() call
  rcu: Handle obsolete references to TINY_PREEMPT_RCU
  rcu: Document deadlock-avoidance information for rcu_read_unlock()
  scripts: Teach get_maintainer.pl about the new "R:" tag
  rcu: Update rcu torture maintainership filename patterns
  ...

6 files changed, 314 insertions, 98 deletions

diff --git a/kernel/rcu/rcu.h b/kernel/rcu/rcu.h
index bfda272..ff1a6de 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/rcu.h
+++ b/kernel/rcu/rcu.h
@@ -99,6 +99,10 @@ static inline void debug_rcu_head_unqueue(struct rcu_head *head)
 
 void kfree(const void *);
 
+/*
+ * Reclaim the specified callback, either by invoking it (non-lazy case)
+ * or freeing it directly (lazy case).  Return true if lazy, false otherwise.
+ */
 static inline bool __rcu_reclaim(const char *rn, struct rcu_head *head)
 {
 	unsigned long offset = (unsigned long)head->func;
@@ -108,12 +112,12 @@ static inline bool __rcu_reclaim(const char *rn, struct rcu_head *head)
 		RCU_TRACE(trace_rcu_invoke_kfree_callback(rn, head, offset));
 		kfree((void *)head - offset);
 		rcu_lock_release(&rcu_callback_map);
-		return 1;
+		return true;
 	} else {
 		RCU_TRACE(trace_rcu_invoke_callback(rn, head));
 		head->func(head);
 		rcu_lock_release(&rcu_callback_map);
-		return 0;
+		return false;
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/srcu.c b/kernel/rcu/srcu.c
index c639556..e037f3e 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/srcu.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/srcu.c
@@ -298,9 +298,9 @@ int __srcu_read_lock(struct srcu_struct *sp)
 
 	idx = ACCESS_ONCE(sp->completed) & 0x1;
 	preempt_disable();
-	ACCESS_ONCE(this_cpu_ptr(sp->per_cpu_ref)->c[idx]) += 1;
+	__this_cpu_inc(sp->per_cpu_ref->c[idx]);
 	smp_mb(); /* B */  /* Avoid leaking the critical section. */
-	ACCESS_ONCE(this_cpu_ptr(sp->per_cpu_ref)->seq[idx]) += 1;
+	__this_cpu_inc(sp->per_cpu_ref->seq[idx]);
 	preempt_enable();
 	return idx;
 }
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree.c b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
index 625d0b0..1b70cb6 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/tree.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
@@ -1013,10 +1013,7 @@ static void record_gp_stall_check_time(struct rcu_state *rsp)
 }
 
 /*
- * Dump stacks of all tasks running on stalled CPUs.  This is a fallback
- * for architectures that do not implement trigger_all_cpu_backtrace().
- * The NMI-triggered stack traces are more accurate because they are
- * printed by the target CPU.
+ * Dump stacks of all tasks running on stalled CPUs.
  */
 static void rcu_dump_cpu_stacks(struct rcu_state *rsp)
 {
@@ -1094,7 +1091,7 @@ static void print_other_cpu_stall(struct rcu_state *rsp)
 	       (long)rsp->gpnum, (long)rsp->completed, totqlen);
 	if (ndetected == 0)
 		pr_err("INFO: Stall ended before state dump start\n");
-	else if (!trigger_all_cpu_backtrace())
+	else
 		rcu_dump_cpu_stacks(rsp);
 
 	/* Complain about tasks blocking the grace period. */
@@ -1125,8 +1122,7 @@ static void print_cpu_stall(struct rcu_state *rsp)
 	pr_cont(" (t=%lu jiffies g=%ld c=%ld q=%lu)\n",
 		jiffies - rsp->gp_start,
 		(long)rsp->gpnum, (long)rsp->completed, totqlen);
-	if (!trigger_all_cpu_backtrace())
-		dump_stack();
+	rcu_dump_cpu_stacks(rsp);
 
 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&rnp->lock, flags);
 	if (ULONG_CMP_GE(jiffies, ACCESS_ONCE(rsp->jiffies_stall)))
@@ -1305,10 +1301,16 @@ rcu_start_future_gp(struct rcu_node *rnp, struct rcu_data *rdp,
 	 * believe that a grace period is in progress, then we must wait
 	 * for the one following, which is in "c".  Because our request
 	 * will be noticed at the end of the current grace period, we don't
-	 * need to explicitly start one.
+	 * need to explicitly start one.  We only do the lockless check
+	 * of rnp_root's fields if the current rcu_node structure thinks
+	 * there is no grace period in flight, and because we hold rnp->lock,
+	 * the only possible change is when rnp_root's two fields are
+	 * equal, in which case rnp_root->gpnum might be concurrently
+	 * incremented.  But that is OK, as it will just result in our
+	 * doing some extra useless work.
 	 */
 	if (rnp->gpnum != rnp->completed ||
-	    ACCESS_ONCE(rnp->gpnum) != ACCESS_ONCE(rnp->completed)) {
+	    ACCESS_ONCE(rnp_root->gpnum) != ACCESS_ONCE(rnp_root->completed)) {
 		rnp->need_future_gp[c & 0x1]++;
 		trace_rcu_future_gp(rnp, rdp, c, TPS("Startedleaf"));
 		goto out;
@@ -1645,11 +1647,6 @@ static int rcu_gp_init(struct rcu_state *rsp)
 					    rnp->level, rnp->grplo,
 					    rnp->grphi, rnp->qsmask);
 		raw_spin_unlock_irq(&rnp->lock);
-#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU_DELAY
-		if ((prandom_u32() % (rcu_num_nodes + 1)) == 0 &&
-		    system_state == SYSTEM_RUNNING)
-			udelay(200);
-#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU_DELAY */
 		cond_resched();
 	}
 
@@ -2347,7 +2344,7 @@ static void rcu_do_batch(struct rcu_state *rsp, struct rcu_data *rdp)
 	}
 	smp_mb(); /* List handling before counting for rcu_barrier(). */
 	rdp->qlen_lazy -= count_lazy;
-	ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->qlen) -= count;
+	ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->qlen) = rdp->qlen - count;
 	rdp->n_cbs_invoked += count;
 
 	/* Reinstate batch limit if we have worked down the excess. */
@@ -2485,14 +2482,14 @@ static void force_quiescent_state(struct rcu_state *rsp)
 	struct rcu_node *rnp_old = NULL;
 
 	/* Funnel through hierarchy to reduce memory contention. */
-	rnp = per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda, raw_smp_processor_id())->mynode;
+	rnp = __this_cpu_read(rsp->rda->mynode);
 	for (; rnp != NULL; rnp = rnp->parent) {
 		ret = (ACCESS_ONCE(rsp->gp_flags) & RCU_GP_FLAG_FQS) ||
 		      !raw_spin_trylock(&rnp->fqslock);
 		if (rnp_old != NULL)
 			raw_spin_unlock(&rnp_old->fqslock);
 		if (ret) {
-			ACCESS_ONCE(rsp->n_force_qs_lh)++;
+			rsp->n_force_qs_lh++;
 			return;
 		}
 		rnp_old = rnp;
@@ -2504,7 +2501,7 @@ static void force_quiescent_state(struct rcu_state *rsp)
 	smp_mb__after_unlock_lock();
 	raw_spin_unlock(&rnp_old->fqslock);
 	if (ACCESS_ONCE(rsp->gp_flags) & RCU_GP_FLAG_FQS) {
-		ACCESS_ONCE(rsp->n_force_qs_lh)++;
+		rsp->n_force_qs_lh++;
 		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rnp_old->lock, flags);
 		return;  /* Someone beat us to it. */
 	}
@@ -2662,7 +2659,7 @@ __call_rcu(struct rcu_head *head, void (*func)(struct rcu_head *rcu),
 	unsigned long flags;
 	struct rcu_data *rdp;
 
-	WARN_ON_ONCE((unsigned long)head & 0x3); /* Misaligned rcu_head! */
+	WARN_ON_ONCE((unsigned long)head & 0x1); /* Misaligned rcu_head! */
 	if (debug_rcu_head_queue(head)) {
 		/* Probable double call_rcu(), so leak the callback. */
 		ACCESS_ONCE(head->func) = rcu_leak_callback;
@@ -2693,7 +2690,7 @@ __call_rcu(struct rcu_head *head, void (*func)(struct rcu_head *rcu),
 		local_irq_restore(flags);
 		return;
 	}
-	ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->qlen)++;
+	ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->qlen) = rdp->qlen + 1;
 	if (lazy)
 		rdp->qlen_lazy++;
 	else
@@ -3257,7 +3254,7 @@ static void _rcu_barrier(struct rcu_state *rsp)
 	 * ACCESS_ONCE() to prevent the compiler from speculating
 	 * the increment to precede the early-exit check.
 	 */
-	ACCESS_ONCE(rsp->n_barrier_done)++;
+	ACCESS_ONCE(rsp->n_barrier_done) = rsp->n_barrier_done + 1;
 	WARN_ON_ONCE((rsp->n_barrier_done & 0x1) != 1);
 	_rcu_barrier_trace(rsp, "Inc1", -1, rsp->n_barrier_done);
 	smp_mb(); /* Order ->n_barrier_done increment with below mechanism. */
@@ -3307,7 +3304,7 @@ static void _rcu_barrier(struct rcu_state *rsp)
 
 	/* Increment ->n_barrier_done to prevent duplicate work. */
 	smp_mb(); /* Keep increment after above mechanism. */
-	ACCESS_ONCE(rsp->n_barrier_done)++;
+	ACCESS_ONCE(rsp->n_barrier_done) = rsp->n_barrier_done + 1;
 	WARN_ON_ONCE((rsp->n_barrier_done & 0x1) != 0);
 	_rcu_barrier_trace(rsp, "Inc2", -1, rsp->n_barrier_done);
 	smp_mb(); /* Keep increment before caller's subsequent code. */
@@ -3564,14 +3561,16 @@ static void __init rcu_init_levelspread(struct rcu_state *rsp)
 static void __init rcu_init_one(struct rcu_state *rsp,
 		struct rcu_data __percpu *rda)
 {
-	static char *buf[] = { "rcu_node_0",
-			       "rcu_node_1",
-			       "rcu_node_2",
-			       "rcu_node_3" };  /* Match MAX_RCU_LVLS */
-	static char *fqs[] = { "rcu_node_fqs_0",
-			       "rcu_node_fqs_1",
-			       "rcu_node_fqs_2",
-			       "rcu_node_fqs_3" };  /* Match MAX_RCU_LVLS */
+	static const char * const buf[] = {
+		"rcu_node_0",
+		"rcu_node_1",
+		"rcu_node_2",
+		"rcu_node_3" };  /* Match MAX_RCU_LVLS */
+	static const char * const fqs[] = {
+		"rcu_node_fqs_0",
+		"rcu_node_fqs_1",
+		"rcu_node_fqs_2",
+		"rcu_node_fqs_3" };  /* Match MAX_RCU_LVLS */
 	static u8 fl_mask = 0x1;
 	int cpustride = 1;
 	int i;
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree.h b/kernel/rcu/tree.h
index 0f69a79..71e64c7 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/tree.h
+++ b/kernel/rcu/tree.h
@@ -172,6 +172,14 @@ struct rcu_node {
 				/*  queued on this rcu_node structure that */
 				/*  are blocking the current grace period, */
 				/*  there can be no such task. */
+	struct completion boost_completion;
+				/* Used to ensure that the rt_mutex used */
+				/*  to carry out the boosting is fully */
+				/*  released with no future boostee accesses */
+				/*  before that rt_mutex is re-initialized. */
+	struct rt_mutex boost_mtx;
+				/* Used only for the priority-boosting */
+				/*  side effect, not as a lock. */
 	unsigned long boost_time;
 				/* When to start boosting (jiffies). */
 	struct task_struct *boost_kthread_task;
@@ -334,11 +342,29 @@ struct rcu_data {
 	struct rcu_head **nocb_tail;
 	atomic_long_t nocb_q_count;	/* # CBs waiting for kthread */
 	atomic_long_t nocb_q_count_lazy; /*  (approximate). */
+	struct rcu_head *nocb_follower_head; /* CBs ready to invoke. */
+	struct rcu_head **nocb_follower_tail;
+	atomic_long_t nocb_follower_count; /* # CBs ready to invoke. */
+	atomic_long_t nocb_follower_count_lazy; /*  (approximate). */
 	int nocb_p_count;		/* # CBs being invoked by kthread */
 	int nocb_p_count_lazy;		/*  (approximate). */
 	wait_queue_head_t nocb_wq;	/* For nocb kthreads to sleep on. */
 	struct task_struct *nocb_kthread;
 	bool nocb_defer_wakeup;		/* Defer wakeup of nocb_kthread. */
+
+	/* The following fields are used by the leader, hence own cacheline. */
+	struct rcu_head *nocb_gp_head ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;
+					/* CBs waiting for GP. */
+	struct rcu_head **nocb_gp_tail;
+	long nocb_gp_count;
+	long nocb_gp_count_lazy;
+	bool nocb_leader_wake;		/* Is the nocb leader thread awake? */
+	struct rcu_data *nocb_next_follower;
+					/* Next follower in wakeup chain. */
+
+	/* The following fields are used by the follower, hence new cachline. */
+	struct rcu_data *nocb_leader ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;
+					/* Leader CPU takes GP-end wakeups. */
 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU */
 
 	/* 8) RCU CPU stall data. */
@@ -587,8 +613,14 @@ static bool rcu_nohz_full_cpu(struct rcu_state *rsp);
 /* Sum up queue lengths for tracing. */
 static inline void rcu_nocb_q_lengths(struct rcu_data *rdp, long *ql, long *qll)
 {
-	*ql = atomic_long_read(&rdp->nocb_q_count) + rdp->nocb_p_count;
-	*qll = atomic_long_read(&rdp->nocb_q_count_lazy) + rdp->nocb_p_count_lazy;
+	*ql = atomic_long_read(&rdp->nocb_q_count) +
+	      rdp->nocb_p_count +
+	      atomic_long_read(&rdp->nocb_follower_count) +
+	      rdp->nocb_p_count + rdp->nocb_gp_count;
+	*qll = atomic_long_read(&rdp->nocb_q_count_lazy) +
+	       rdp->nocb_p_count_lazy +
+	       atomic_long_read(&rdp->nocb_follower_count_lazy) +
+	       rdp->nocb_p_count_lazy + rdp->nocb_gp_count_lazy;
 }
 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU */
 static inline void rcu_nocb_q_lengths(struct rcu_data *rdp, long *ql, long *qll)
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h b/kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h
index 02ac0fb..00dc411 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h
+++ b/kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #define RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO 1
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST
+#include "../locking/rtmutex_common.h"
 #define RCU_BOOST_PRIO CONFIG_RCU_BOOST_PRIO
 #else
 #define RCU_BOOST_PRIO RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO
@@ -336,7 +337,7 @@ void rcu_read_unlock_special(struct task_struct *t)
 	unsigned long flags;
 	struct list_head *np;
 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST
-	struct rt_mutex *rbmp = NULL;
+	bool drop_boost_mutex = false;
 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST */
 	struct rcu_node *rnp;
 	int special;
@@ -398,11 +399,8 @@ void rcu_read_unlock_special(struct task_struct *t)
 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST
 		if (&t->rcu_node_entry == rnp->boost_tasks)
 			rnp->boost_tasks = np;
-		/* Snapshot/clear ->rcu_boost_mutex with rcu_node lock held. */
-		if (t->rcu_boost_mutex) {
-			rbmp = t->rcu_boost_mutex;
-			t->rcu_boost_mutex = NULL;
-		}
+		/* Snapshot ->boost_mtx ownership with rcu_node lock held. */
+		drop_boost_mutex = rt_mutex_owner(&rnp->boost_mtx) == t;
 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST */
 
 		/*
@@ -427,8 +425,10 @@ void rcu_read_unlock_special(struct task_struct *t)
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST
 		/* Unboost if we were boosted. */
-		if (rbmp)
-			rt_mutex_unlock(rbmp);
+		if (drop_boost_mutex) {
+			rt_mutex_unlock(&rnp->boost_mtx);
+			complete(&rnp->boost_completion);
+		}
 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST */
 
 		/*
@@ -988,6 +988,7 @@ static int rcu_preempt_blocked_readers_cgp(struct rcu_node *rnp)
 
 /* Because preemptible RCU does not exist, no quieting of tasks. */
 static void rcu_report_unblock_qs_rnp(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags)
+	__releases(rnp->lock)
 {
 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rnp->lock, flags);
 }
@@ -1149,7 +1150,6 @@ static void rcu_wake_cond(struct task_struct *t, int status)
 static int rcu_boost(struct rcu_node *rnp)
 {
 	unsigned long flags;
-	struct rt_mutex mtx;
 	struct task_struct *t;
 	struct list_head *tb;
 
@@ -1200,11 +1200,15 @@ static int rcu_boost(struct rcu_node *rnp)
 	 * section.
 	 */
 	t = container_of(tb, struct task_struct, rcu_node_entry);
-	rt_mutex_init_proxy_locked(&mtx, t);
-	t->rcu_boost_mutex = &mtx;
+	rt_mutex_init_proxy_locked(&rnp->boost_mtx, t);
+	init_completion(&rnp->boost_completion);
 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rnp->lock, flags);
-	rt_mutex_lock(&mtx);  /* Side effect: boosts task t's priority. */
-	rt_mutex_unlock(&mtx);  /* Keep lockdep happy. */
+	/* Lock only for side effect: boosts task t's priority. */
+	rt_mutex_lock(&rnp->boost_mtx);
+	rt_mutex_unlock(&rnp->boost_mtx);  /* Then keep lockdep happy. */
+
+	/* Wait for boostee to be done w/boost_mtx before reinitializing. */
+	wait_for_completion(&rnp->boost_completion);
 
 	return ACCESS_ONCE(rnp->exp_tasks) != NULL ||
 	       ACCESS_ONCE(rnp->boost_tasks) != NULL;
@@ -1256,6 +1260,7 @@ static int rcu_boost_kthread(void *arg)
  * about it going away.
  */
 static void rcu_initiate_boost(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags)
+	__releases(rnp->lock)
 {
 	struct task_struct *t;
 
@@ -1491,6 +1496,7 @@ static void rcu_prepare_kthreads(int cpu)
 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST */
 
 static void rcu_initiate_boost(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags)
+	__releases(rnp->lock)
 {
 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rnp->lock, flags);
 }
@@ -2060,6 +2066,22 @@ bool rcu_is_nocb_cpu(int cpu)
 #endif /* #ifndef CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU_ALL */
 
 /*
+ * Kick the leader kthread for this NOCB group.
+ */
+static void wake_nocb_leader(struct rcu_data *rdp, bool force)
+{
+	struct rcu_data *rdp_leader = rdp->nocb_leader;
+
+	if (!ACCESS_ONCE(rdp_leader->nocb_kthread))
+		return;
+	if (!ACCESS_ONCE(rdp_leader->nocb_leader_wake) || force) {
+		/* Prior xchg orders against prior callback enqueue. */
+		ACCESS_ONCE(rdp_leader->nocb_leader_wake) = true;
+		wake_up(&rdp_leader->nocb_wq);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
  * Enqueue the specified string of rcu_head structures onto the specified
  * CPU's no-CBs lists.  The CPU is specified by rdp, the head of the
  * string by rhp, and the tail of the string by rhtp.  The non-lazy/lazy
@@ -2093,7 +2115,8 @@ static void __call_rcu_nocb_enqueue(struct rcu_data *rdp,
 	len = atomic_long_read(&rdp->nocb_q_count);
 	if (old_rhpp == &rdp->nocb_head) {
 		if (!irqs_disabled_flags(flags)) {
-			wake_up(&rdp->nocb_wq); /* ... if queue was empty ... */
+			/* ... if queue was empty ... */
+			wake_nocb_leader(rdp, false);
 			trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->cpu,
 					    TPS("WakeEmpty"));
 		} else {
@@ -2103,7 +2126,8 @@ static void __call_rcu_nocb_enqueue(struct rcu_data *rdp,
 		}
 		rdp->qlen_last_fqs_check = 0;
 	} else if (len > rdp->qlen_last_fqs_check + qhimark) {
-		wake_up_process(t); /* ... or if many callbacks queued. */
+		/* ... or if many callbacks queued. */
+		wake_nocb_leader(rdp, true);
 		rdp->qlen_last_fqs_check = LONG_MAX / 2;
 		trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->cpu, TPS("WakeOvf"));
 	} else {
@@ -2213,13 +2237,150 @@ static void rcu_nocb_wait_gp(struct rcu_data *rdp)
 }
 
 /*
+ * Leaders come here to wait for additional callbacks to show up.
+ * This function does not return until callbacks appear.
+ */
+static void nocb_leader_wait(struct rcu_data *my_rdp)
+{
+	bool firsttime = true;
+	bool gotcbs;
+	struct rcu_data *rdp;
+	struct rcu_head **tail;
+
+wait_again:
+
+	/* Wait for callbacks to appear. */
+	if (!rcu_nocb_poll) {
+		trace_rcu_nocb_wake(my_rdp->rsp->name, my_rdp->cpu, "Sleep");
+		wait_event_interruptible(my_rdp->nocb_wq,
+					 ACCESS_ONCE(my_rdp->nocb_leader_wake));
+		/* Memory barrier handled by smp_mb() calls below and repoll. */
+	} else if (firsttime) {
+		firsttime = false; /* Don't drown trace log with "Poll"! */
+		trace_rcu_nocb_wake(my_rdp->rsp->name, my_rdp->cpu, "Poll");
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Each pass through the following loop checks a follower for CBs.
+	 * We are our own first follower.  Any CBs found are moved to
+	 * nocb_gp_head, where they await a grace period.
+	 */
+	gotcbs = false;
+	for (rdp = my_rdp; rdp; rdp = rdp->nocb_next_follower) {
+		rdp->nocb_gp_head = ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->nocb_head);
+		if (!rdp->nocb_gp_head)
+			continue;  /* No CBs here, try next follower. */
+
+		/* Move callbacks to wait-for-GP list, which is empty. */
+		ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->nocb_head) = NULL;
+		rdp->nocb_gp_tail = xchg(&rdp->nocb_tail, &rdp->nocb_head);
+		rdp->nocb_gp_count = atomic_long_xchg(&rdp->nocb_q_count, 0);
+		rdp->nocb_gp_count_lazy =
+			atomic_long_xchg(&rdp->nocb_q_count_lazy, 0);
+		gotcbs = true;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If there were no callbacks, sleep a bit, rescan after a
+	 * memory barrier, and go retry.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(!gotcbs)) {
+		if (!rcu_nocb_poll)
+			trace_rcu_nocb_wake(my_rdp->rsp->name, my_rdp->cpu,
+					    "WokeEmpty");
+		flush_signals(current);
+		schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
+
+		/* Rescan in case we were a victim of memory ordering. */
+		my_rdp->nocb_leader_wake = false;
+		smp_mb();  /* Ensure _wake false before scan. */
+		for (rdp = my_rdp; rdp; rdp = rdp->nocb_next_follower)
+			if (ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->nocb_head)) {
+				/* Found CB, so short-circuit next wait. */
+				my_rdp->nocb_leader_wake = true;
+				break;
+			}
+		goto wait_again;
+	}
+
+	/* Wait for one grace period. */
+	rcu_nocb_wait_gp(my_rdp);
+
+	/*
+	 * We left ->nocb_leader_wake set to reduce cache thrashing.
+	 * We clear it now, but recheck for new callbacks while
+	 * traversing our follower list.
+	 */
+	my_rdp->nocb_leader_wake = false;
+	smp_mb(); /* Ensure _wake false before scan of ->nocb_head. */
+
+	/* Each pass through the following loop wakes a follower, if needed. */
+	for (rdp = my_rdp; rdp; rdp = rdp->nocb_next_follower) {
+		if (ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->nocb_head))
+			my_rdp->nocb_leader_wake = true; /* No need to wait. */
+		if (!rdp->nocb_gp_head)
+			continue; /* No CBs, so no need to wake follower. */
+
+		/* Append callbacks to follower's "done" list. */
+		tail = xchg(&rdp->nocb_follower_tail, rdp->nocb_gp_tail);
+		*tail = rdp->nocb_gp_head;
+		atomic_long_add(rdp->nocb_gp_count, &rdp->nocb_follower_count);
+		atomic_long_add(rdp->nocb_gp_count_lazy,
+				&rdp->nocb_follower_count_lazy);
+		if (rdp != my_rdp && tail == &rdp->nocb_follower_head) {
+			/*
+			 * List was empty, wake up the follower.
+			 * Memory barriers supplied by atomic_long_add().
+			 */
+			wake_up(&rdp->nocb_wq);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* If we (the leader) don't have CBs, go wait some more. */
+	if (!my_rdp->nocb_follower_head)
+		goto wait_again;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Followers come here to wait for additional callbacks to show up.
+ * This function does not return until callbacks appear.
+ */
+static void nocb_follower_wait(struct rcu_data *rdp)
+{
+	bool firsttime = true;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (!rcu_nocb_poll) {
+			trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->cpu,
+					    "FollowerSleep");
+			wait_event_interruptible(rdp->nocb_wq,
+						 ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->nocb_follower_head));
+		} else if (firsttime) {
+			/* Don't drown trace log with "Poll"! */
+			firsttime = false;
+			trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->cpu, "Poll");
+		}
+		if (smp_load_acquire(&rdp->nocb_follower_head)) {
+			/* ^^^ Ensure CB invocation follows _head test. */
+			return;
+		}
+		if (!rcu_nocb_poll)
+			trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->cpu,
+					    "WokeEmpty");
+		flush_signals(current);
+		schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
  * Per-rcu_data kthread, but only for no-CBs CPUs.  Each kthread invokes
- * callbacks queued by the corresponding no-CBs CPU.
+ * callbacks queued by the corresponding no-CBs CPU, however, there is
+ * an optional leader-follower relationship so that the grace-period
+ * kthreads don't have to do quite so many wakeups.
  */
 static int rcu_nocb_kthread(void *arg)
 {
 	int c, cl;
-	bool firsttime = 1;
 	struct rcu_head *list;
 	struct rcu_head *next;
 	struct rcu_head **tail;
@@ -2227,41 +2388,22 @@ static int rcu_nocb_kthread(void *arg)
 
 	/* Each pass through this loop invokes one batch of callbacks */
 	for (;;) {
-		/* If not polling, wait for next batch of callbacks. */
-		if (!rcu_nocb_poll) {
-			trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->cpu,
-					    TPS("Sleep"));
-			wait_event_interruptible(rdp->nocb_wq, rdp->nocb_head);
-			/* Memory barrier provide by xchg() below. */
-		} else if (firsttime) {
-			firsttime = 0;
-			trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->cpu,
-					    TPS("Poll"));
-		}
-		list = ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->nocb_head);
-		if (!list) {
-			if (!rcu_nocb_poll)
-				trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->cpu,
-						    TPS("WokeEmpty"));
-			schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
-			flush_signals(current);
-			continue;
-		}
-		firsttime = 1;
-		trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->cpu,
-				    TPS("WokeNonEmpty"));
-
-		/*
-		 * Extract queued callbacks, update counts, and wait
-		 * for a grace period to elapse.
-		 */
-		ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->nocb_head) = NULL;
-		tail = xchg(&rdp->nocb_tail, &rdp->nocb_head);
-		c = atomic_long_xchg(&rdp->nocb_q_count, 0);
-		cl = atomic_long_xchg(&rdp->nocb_q_count_lazy, 0);
-		ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->nocb_p_count) += c;
-		ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->nocb_p_count_lazy) += cl;
-		rcu_nocb_wait_gp(rdp);
+		/* Wait for callbacks. */
+		if (rdp->nocb_leader == rdp)
+			nocb_leader_wait(rdp);
+		else
+			nocb_follower_wait(rdp);
+
+		/* Pull the ready-to-invoke callbacks onto local list. */
+		list = ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->nocb_follower_head);
+		BUG_ON(!list);
+		trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->cpu, "WokeNonEmpty");
+		ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->nocb_follower_head) = NULL;
+		tail = xchg(&rdp->nocb_follower_tail, &rdp->nocb_follower_head);
+		c = atomic_long_xchg(&rdp->nocb_follower_count, 0);
+		cl = atomic_long_xchg(&rdp->nocb_follower_count_lazy, 0);
+		rdp->nocb_p_count += c;
+		rdp->nocb_p_count_lazy += cl;
 
 		/* Each pass through the following loop invokes a callback. */
 		trace_rcu_batch_start(rdp->rsp->name, cl, c, -1);
@@ -2305,7 +2447,7 @@ static void do_nocb_deferred_wakeup(struct rcu_data *rdp)
 	if (!rcu_nocb_need_deferred_wakeup(rdp))
 		return;
 	ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->nocb_defer_wakeup) = false;
-	wake_up(&rdp->nocb_wq);
+	wake_nocb_leader(rdp, false);
 	trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->cpu, TPS("DeferredWakeEmpty"));
 }
 
@@ -2314,19 +2456,57 @@ static void __init rcu_boot_init_nocb_percpu_data(struct rcu_data *rdp)
 {
 	rdp->nocb_tail = &rdp->nocb_head;
 	init_waitqueue_head(&rdp->nocb_wq);
+	rdp->nocb_follower_tail = &rdp->nocb_follower_head;
 }
 
-/* Create a kthread for each RCU flavor for each no-CBs CPU. */
+/* How many follower CPU IDs per leader?  Default of -1 for sqrt(nr_cpu_ids). */
+static int rcu_nocb_leader_stride = -1;
+module_param(rcu_nocb_leader_stride, int, 0444);
+
+/*
+ * Create a kthread for each RCU flavor for each no-CBs CPU.
+ * Also initialize leader-follower relationships.
+ */
 static void __init rcu_spawn_nocb_kthreads(struct rcu_state *rsp)
 {
 	int cpu;
+	int ls = rcu_nocb_leader_stride;
+	int nl = 0;  /* Next leader. */
 	struct rcu_data *rdp;
+	struct rcu_data *rdp_leader = NULL;  /* Suppress misguided gcc warn. */
+	struct rcu_data *rdp_prev = NULL;
 	struct task_struct *t;
 
 	if (rcu_nocb_mask == NULL)
 		return;
+#if defined(CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL) && !defined(CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL_ALL)
+	if (tick_nohz_full_running)
+		cpumask_or(rcu_nocb_mask, rcu_nocb_mask, tick_nohz_full_mask);
+#endif /* #if defined(CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL) && !defined(CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL_ALL) */
+	if (ls == -1) {
+		ls = int_sqrt(nr_cpu_ids);
+		rcu_nocb_leader_stride = ls;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Each pass through this loop sets up one rcu_data structure and
+	 * spawns one rcu_nocb_kthread().
+	 */
 	for_each_cpu(cpu, rcu_nocb_mask) {
 		rdp = per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda, cpu);
+		if (rdp->cpu >= nl) {
+			/* New leader, set up for followers & next leader. */
+			nl = DIV_ROUND_UP(rdp->cpu + 1, ls) * ls;
+			rdp->nocb_leader = rdp;
+			rdp_leader = rdp;
+		} else {
+			/* Another follower, link to previous leader. */
+			rdp->nocb_leader = rdp_leader;
+			rdp_prev->nocb_next_follower = rdp;
+		}
+		rdp_prev = rdp;
+
+		/* Spawn the kthread for this CPU. */
 		t = kthread_run(rcu_nocb_kthread, rdp,
 				"rcuo%c/%d", rsp->abbr, cpu);
 		BUG_ON(IS_ERR(t));
@@ -2843,12 +3023,16 @@ static bool rcu_nohz_full_cpu(struct rcu_state *rsp)
  */
 static void rcu_bind_gp_kthread(void)
 {
-#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL
-	int cpu = ACCESS_ONCE(tick_do_timer_cpu);
+	int __maybe_unused cpu;
 
-	if (cpu < 0 || cpu >= nr_cpu_ids)
+	if (!tick_nohz_full_enabled())
 		return;
-	if (raw_smp_processor_id() != cpu)
+#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL_SYSIDLE
+	cpu = tick_do_timer_cpu;
+	if (cpu >= 0 && cpu < nr_cpu_ids && raw_smp_processor_id() != cpu)
 		set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpumask_of(cpu));
-#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL */
+#else /* #ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL_SYSIDLE */
+	if (!is_housekeeping_cpu(raw_smp_processor_id()))
+		housekeeping_affine(current);
+#endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL_SYSIDLE */
 }
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/update.c b/kernel/rcu/update.c
index bc78835..4056d79 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/update.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/update.c
@@ -90,9 +90,6 @@ void __rcu_read_unlock(void)
 	} else {
 		barrier();  /* critical section before exit code. */
 		t->rcu_read_lock_nesting = INT_MIN;
-#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU_DELAY
-		udelay(10); /* Make preemption more probable. */
-#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU_DELAY */
 		barrier();  /* assign before ->rcu_read_unlock_special load */
 		if (unlikely(ACCESS_ONCE(t->rcu_read_unlock_special)))
 			rcu_read_unlock_special(t);