userns: Rework the user_namespace adding uid/gid mapping support

- Convert the old uid mapping functions into compatibility wrappers
- Add a uid/gid mapping layer from user space uid and gids to kernel
  internal uids and gids that is extent based for simplicty and speed.
  * Working with number space after mapping uids/gids into their kernel
    internal version adds only mapping complexity over what we have today,
    leaving the kernel code easy to understand and test.
- Add proc files /proc/self/uid_map /proc/self/gid_map
  These files display the mapping and allow a mapping to be added
  if a mapping does not exist.
- Allow entering the user namespace without a uid or gid mapping.
  Since we are starting with an existing user our uids and gids
  still have global mappings so are still valid and useful they just don't
  have local mappings.  The requirement for things to work are global uid
  and gid so it is odd but perfectly fine not to have a local uid
  and gid mapping.
  Not requiring global uid and gid mappings greatly simplifies
  the logic of setting up the uid and gid mappings by allowing
  the mappings to be set after the namespace is created which makes the
  slight weirdness worth it.
- Make the mappings in the initial user namespace to the global
  uid/gid space explicit.  Today it is an identity mapping
  but in the future we may want to twist this for debugging, similar
  to what we do with jiffies.
- Document the memory ordering requirements of setting the uid and
  gid mappings.  We only allow the mappings to be set once
  and there are no pointers involved so the requirments are
  trivial but a little atypical.

Performance:

In this scheme for the permission checks the performance is expected to
stay the same as the actuall machine instructions should remain the same.

The worst case I could think of is ls -l on a large directory where
all of the stat results need to be translated with from kuids and
kgids to uids and gids.  So I benchmarked that case on my laptop
with a dual core hyperthread Intel i5-2520M cpu with 3M of cpu cache.

My benchmark consisted of going to single user mode where nothing else
was running. On an ext4 filesystem opening 1,000,000 files and looping
through all of the files 1000 times and calling fstat on the
individuals files.  This was to ensure I was benchmarking stat times
where the inodes were in the kernels cache, but the inode values were
not in the processors cache.  My results:

v3.4-rc1:         ~= 156ns (unmodified v3.4-rc1 with user namespace support disabled)
v3.4-rc1-userns-: ~= 155ns (v3.4-rc1 with my user namespace patches and user namespace support disabled)
v3.4-rc1-userns+: ~= 164ns (v3.4-rc1 with my user namespace patches and user namespace support enabled)

All of the configurations ran in roughly 120ns when I performed tests
that ran in the cpu cache.

So in summary the performance impact is:
1ns improvement in the worst case with user namespace support compiled out.
8ns aka 5% slowdown in the worst case with user namespace support compiled in.

Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

1 files changed, 24 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/include/linux/uidgid.h b/include/linux/uidgid.h
index 5398568..8e522cbc 100644
--- a/include/linux/uidgid.h
+++ b/include/linux/uidgid.h
@@ -127,6 +127,28 @@ static inline bool gid_valid(kgid_t gid)
 	return !gid_eq(gid, INVALID_GID);
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_USER_NS
+
+extern kuid_t make_kuid(struct user_namespace *from, uid_t uid);
+extern kgid_t make_kgid(struct user_namespace *from, gid_t gid);
+
+extern uid_t from_kuid(struct user_namespace *to, kuid_t uid);
+extern gid_t from_kgid(struct user_namespace *to, kgid_t gid);
+extern uid_t from_kuid_munged(struct user_namespace *to, kuid_t uid);
+extern gid_t from_kgid_munged(struct user_namespace *to, kgid_t gid);
+
+static inline bool kuid_has_mapping(struct user_namespace *ns, kuid_t uid)
+{
+	return from_kuid(ns, uid) != (uid_t) -1;
+}
+
+static inline bool kgid_has_mapping(struct user_namespace *ns, kgid_t gid)
+{
+	return from_kgid(ns, gid) != (gid_t) -1;
+}
+
+#else
+
 static inline kuid_t make_kuid(struct user_namespace *from, uid_t uid)
 {
 	return KUIDT_INIT(uid);
@@ -173,4 +195,6 @@ static inline bool kgid_has_mapping(struct user_namespace *ns, kgid_t gid)
 	return true;
 }
 
+#endif /* CONFIG_USER_NS */
+
 #endif /* _LINUX_UIDGID_H */