CRED: Make execve() take advantage of copy-on-write credentials

Make execve() take advantage of copy-on-write credentials, allowing it to set
up the credentials in advance, and then commit the whole lot after the point
of no return.

This patch and the preceding patches have been tested with the LTP SELinux
testsuite.

This patch makes several logical sets of alteration:

 (1) execve().

     The credential bits from struct linux_binprm are, for the most part,
     replaced with a single credentials pointer (bprm->cred).  This means that
     all the creds can be calculated in advance and then applied at the point
     of no return with no possibility of failure.

     I would like to replace bprm->cap_effective with:

	cap_isclear(bprm->cap_effective)

     but this seems impossible due to special behaviour for processes of pid 1
     (they always retain their parent's capability masks where normally they'd
     be changed - see cap_bprm_set_creds()).

     The following sequence of events now happens:

     (a) At the start of do_execve, the current task's cred_exec_mutex is
     	 locked to prevent PTRACE_ATTACH from obsoleting the calculation of
     	 creds that we make.

     (a) prepare_exec_creds() is then called to make a copy of the current
     	 task's credentials and prepare it.  This copy is then assigned to
     	 bprm->cred.

  	 This renders security_bprm_alloc() and security_bprm_free()
     	 unnecessary, and so they've been removed.

     (b) The determination of unsafe execution is now performed immediately
     	 after (a) rather than later on in the code.  The result is stored in
     	 bprm->unsafe for future reference.

     (c) prepare_binprm() is called, possibly multiple times.

     	 (i) This applies the result of set[ug]id binaries to the new creds
     	     attached to bprm->cred.  Personality bit clearance is recorded,
     	     but now deferred on the basis that the exec procedure may yet
     	     fail.

         (ii) This then calls the new security_bprm_set_creds().  This should
	     calculate the new LSM and capability credentials into *bprm->cred.

	     This folds together security_bprm_set() and parts of
	     security_bprm_apply_creds() (these two have been removed).
	     Anything that might fail must be done at this point.

         (iii) bprm->cred_prepared is set to 1.

	     bprm->cred_prepared is 0 on the first pass of the security
	     calculations, and 1 on all subsequent passes.  This allows SELinux
	     in (ii) to base its calculations only on the initial script and
	     not on the interpreter.

     (d) flush_old_exec() is called to commit the task to execution.  This
     	 performs the following steps with regard to credentials:

	 (i) Clear pdeath_signal and set dumpable on certain circumstances that
	     may not be covered by commit_creds().

         (ii) Clear any bits in current->personality that were deferred from
             (c.i).

     (e) install_exec_creds() [compute_creds() as was] is called to install the
     	 new credentials.  This performs the following steps with regard to
     	 credentials:

         (i) Calls security_bprm_committing_creds() to apply any security
             requirements, such as flushing unauthorised files in SELinux, that
             must be done before the credentials are changed.

	     This is made up of bits of security_bprm_apply_creds() and
	     security_bprm_post_apply_creds(), both of which have been removed.
	     This function is not allowed to fail; anything that might fail
	     must have been done in (c.ii).

         (ii) Calls commit_creds() to apply the new credentials in a single
             assignment (more or less).  Possibly pdeath_signal and dumpable
             should be part of struct creds.

	 (iii) Unlocks the task's cred_replace_mutex, thus allowing
	     PTRACE_ATTACH to take place.

         (iv) Clears The bprm->cred pointer as the credentials it was holding
             are now immutable.

         (v) Calls security_bprm_committed_creds() to apply any security
             alterations that must be done after the creds have been changed.
             SELinux uses this to flush signals and signal handlers.

     (f) If an error occurs before (d.i), bprm_free() will call abort_creds()
     	 to destroy the proposed new credentials and will then unlock
     	 cred_replace_mutex.  No changes to the credentials will have been
     	 made.

 (2) LSM interface.

     A number of functions have been changed, added or removed:

     (*) security_bprm_alloc(), ->bprm_alloc_security()
     (*) security_bprm_free(), ->bprm_free_security()

     	 Removed in favour of preparing new credentials and modifying those.

     (*) security_bprm_apply_creds(), ->bprm_apply_creds()
     (*) security_bprm_post_apply_creds(), ->bprm_post_apply_creds()

     	 Removed; split between security_bprm_set_creds(),
     	 security_bprm_committing_creds() and security_bprm_committed_creds().

     (*) security_bprm_set(), ->bprm_set_security()

     	 Removed; folded into security_bprm_set_creds().

     (*) security_bprm_set_creds(), ->bprm_set_creds()

     	 New.  The new credentials in bprm->creds should be checked and set up
     	 as appropriate.  bprm->cred_prepared is 0 on the first call, 1 on the
     	 second and subsequent calls.

     (*) security_bprm_committing_creds(), ->bprm_committing_creds()
     (*) security_bprm_committed_creds(), ->bprm_committed_creds()

     	 New.  Apply the security effects of the new credentials.  This
     	 includes closing unauthorised files in SELinux.  This function may not
     	 fail.  When the former is called, the creds haven't yet been applied
     	 to the process; when the latter is called, they have.

 	 The former may access bprm->cred, the latter may not.

 (3) SELinux.

     SELinux has a number of changes, in addition to those to support the LSM
     interface changes mentioned above:

     (a) The bprm_security_struct struct has been removed in favour of using
     	 the credentials-under-construction approach.

     (c) flush_unauthorized_files() now takes a cred pointer and passes it on
     	 to inode_has_perm(), file_has_perm() and dentry_open().

Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>

8 files changed, 121 insertions, 86 deletions

diff --git a/fs/binfmt_aout.c b/fs/binfmt_aout.c
index 204cfd1..f1f3f41 100644
--- a/fs/binfmt_aout.c
+++ b/fs/binfmt_aout.c
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ static int load_aout_binary(struct linux_binprm * bprm, struct pt_regs * regs)
 	current->mm->free_area_cache = current->mm->mmap_base;
 	current->mm->cached_hole_size = 0;
 
-	compute_creds(bprm);
+	install_exec_creds(bprm);
  	current->flags &= ~PF_FORKNOEXEC;
 #ifdef __sparc__
 	if (N_MAGIC(ex) == NMAGIC) {
diff --git a/fs/binfmt_elf.c b/fs/binfmt_elf.c
index 9142ff5..f458c12 100644
--- a/fs/binfmt_elf.c
+++ b/fs/binfmt_elf.c
@@ -956,7 +956,7 @@ static int load_elf_binary(struct linux_binprm *bprm, struct pt_regs *regs)
 	}
 #endif /* ARCH_HAS_SETUP_ADDITIONAL_PAGES */
 
-	compute_creds(bprm);
+	install_exec_creds(bprm);
 	current->flags &= ~PF_FORKNOEXEC;
 	retval = create_elf_tables(bprm, &loc->elf_ex,
 			  load_addr, interp_load_addr);
diff --git a/fs/binfmt_elf_fdpic.c b/fs/binfmt_elf_fdpic.c
index 45dabd5..aa5b432 100644
--- a/fs/binfmt_elf_fdpic.c
+++ b/fs/binfmt_elf_fdpic.c
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ static int load_elf_fdpic_binary(struct linux_binprm *bprm,
 	current->mm->start_stack = current->mm->start_brk + stack_size;
 #endif
 
-	compute_creds(bprm);
+	install_exec_creds(bprm);
 	current->flags &= ~PF_FORKNOEXEC;
 	if (create_elf_fdpic_tables(bprm, current->mm,
 				    &exec_params, &interp_params) < 0)
diff --git a/fs/binfmt_flat.c b/fs/binfmt_flat.c
index ccb781a..7bbd5c6 100644
--- a/fs/binfmt_flat.c
+++ b/fs/binfmt_flat.c
@@ -880,7 +880,7 @@ static int load_flat_binary(struct linux_binprm * bprm, struct pt_regs * regs)
 					(libinfo.lib_list[j].loaded)?
 						libinfo.lib_list[j].start_data:UNLOADED_LIB;
 
-	compute_creds(bprm);
+	install_exec_creds(bprm);
  	current->flags &= ~PF_FORKNOEXEC;
 
 	set_binfmt(&flat_format);
diff --git a/fs/binfmt_som.c b/fs/binfmt_som.c
index 74e587a..08644a6 100644
--- a/fs/binfmt_som.c
+++ b/fs/binfmt_som.c
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ load_som_binary(struct linux_binprm * bprm, struct pt_regs * regs)
 	kfree(hpuxhdr);
 
 	set_binfmt(&som_format);
-	compute_creds(bprm);
+	install_exec_creds(bprm);
 	setup_arg_pages(bprm, STACK_TOP, EXSTACK_DEFAULT);
 
 	create_som_tables(bprm);
diff --git a/fs/compat.c b/fs/compat.c
index e5f49f5..d1ece79 100644
--- a/fs/compat.c
+++ b/fs/compat.c
@@ -1393,10 +1393,20 @@ int compat_do_execve(char * filename,
 	if (!bprm)
 		goto out_ret;
 
+	retval = mutex_lock_interruptible(&current->cred_exec_mutex);
+	if (retval < 0)
+		goto out_free;
+
+	retval = -ENOMEM;
+	bprm->cred = prepare_exec_creds();
+	if (!bprm->cred)
+		goto out_unlock;
+	check_unsafe_exec(bprm);
+
 	file = open_exec(filename);
 	retval = PTR_ERR(file);
 	if (IS_ERR(file))
-		goto out_kfree;
+		goto out_unlock;
 
 	sched_exec();
 
@@ -1410,14 +1420,10 @@ int compat_do_execve(char * filename,
 
 	bprm->argc = compat_count(argv, MAX_ARG_STRINGS);
 	if ((retval = bprm->argc) < 0)
-		goto out_mm;
+		goto out;
 
 	bprm->envc = compat_count(envp, MAX_ARG_STRINGS);
 	if ((retval = bprm->envc) < 0)
-		goto out_mm;
-
-	retval = security_bprm_alloc(bprm);
-	if (retval)
 		goto out;
 
 	retval = prepare_binprm(bprm);
@@ -1438,19 +1444,16 @@ int compat_do_execve(char * filename,
 		goto out;
 
 	retval = search_binary_handler(bprm, regs);
-	if (retval >= 0) {
-		/* execve success */
-		security_bprm_free(bprm);
-		acct_update_integrals(current);
-		free_bprm(bprm);
-		return retval;
-	}
+	if (retval < 0)
+		goto out;
 
-out:
-	if (bprm->security)
-		security_bprm_free(bprm);
+	/* execve succeeded */
+	mutex_unlock(&current->cred_exec_mutex);
+	acct_update_integrals(current);
+	free_bprm(bprm);
+	return retval;
 
-out_mm:
+out:
 	if (bprm->mm)
 		mmput(bprm->mm);
 
@@ -1460,7 +1463,10 @@ out_file:
 		fput(bprm->file);
 	}
 
-out_kfree:
+out_unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&current->cred_exec_mutex);
+
+out_free:
 	free_bprm(bprm);
 
 out_ret:
diff --git a/fs/exec.c b/fs/exec.c
index 9bd3559..32f13e2 100644
--- a/fs/exec.c
+++ b/fs/exec.c
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
 #include <asm/tlb.h>
+#include "internal.h"
 
 #ifdef __alpha__
 /* for /sbin/loader handling in search_binary_handler() */
@@ -1007,15 +1008,17 @@ int flush_old_exec(struct linux_binprm * bprm)
 	 */
 	current->mm->task_size = TASK_SIZE;
 
-	if (bprm->e_uid != current_euid() ||
-	    bprm->e_gid != current_egid()) {
-		set_dumpable(current->mm, suid_dumpable);
+	/* install the new credentials */
+	if (bprm->cred->uid != current_euid() ||
+	    bprm->cred->gid != current_egid()) {
 		current->pdeath_signal = 0;
 	} else if (file_permission(bprm->file, MAY_READ) ||
-			(bprm->interp_flags & BINPRM_FLAGS_ENFORCE_NONDUMP)) {
+		   bprm->interp_flags & BINPRM_FLAGS_ENFORCE_NONDUMP) {
 		set_dumpable(current->mm, suid_dumpable);
 	}
 
+	current->personality &= ~bprm->per_clear;
+
 	/* An exec changes our domain. We are no longer part of the thread
 	   group */
 
@@ -1032,13 +1035,50 @@ out:
 
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(flush_old_exec);
 
+/*
+ * install the new credentials for this executable
+ */
+void install_exec_creds(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
+{
+	security_bprm_committing_creds(bprm);
+
+	commit_creds(bprm->cred);
+	bprm->cred = NULL;
+
+	/* cred_exec_mutex must be held at least to this point to prevent
+	 * ptrace_attach() from altering our determination of the task's
+	 * credentials; any time after this it may be unlocked */
+
+	security_bprm_committed_creds(bprm);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(install_exec_creds);
+
+/*
+ * determine how safe it is to execute the proposed program
+ * - the caller must hold current->cred_exec_mutex to protect against
+ *   PTRACE_ATTACH
+ */
+void check_unsafe_exec(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
+{
+	struct task_struct *p = current;
+
+	bprm->unsafe = tracehook_unsafe_exec(p);
+
+	if (atomic_read(&p->fs->count) > 1 ||
+	    atomic_read(&p->files->count) > 1 ||
+	    atomic_read(&p->sighand->count) > 1)
+		bprm->unsafe |= LSM_UNSAFE_SHARE;
+}
+
 /* 
  * Fill the binprm structure from the inode. 
  * Check permissions, then read the first 128 (BINPRM_BUF_SIZE) bytes
+ *
+ * This may be called multiple times for binary chains (scripts for example).
  */
 int prepare_binprm(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
 {
-	int mode;
+	umode_t mode;
 	struct inode * inode = bprm->file->f_path.dentry->d_inode;
 	int retval;
 
@@ -1046,14 +1086,15 @@ int prepare_binprm(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
 	if (bprm->file->f_op == NULL)
 		return -EACCES;
 
-	bprm->e_uid = current_euid();
-	bprm->e_gid = current_egid();
+	/* clear any previous set[ug]id data from a previous binary */
+	bprm->cred->euid = current_euid();
+	bprm->cred->egid = current_egid();
 
-	if(!(bprm->file->f_path.mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_NOSUID)) {
+	if (!(bprm->file->f_path.mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_NOSUID)) {
 		/* Set-uid? */
 		if (mode & S_ISUID) {
-			current->personality &= ~PER_CLEAR_ON_SETID;
-			bprm->e_uid = inode->i_uid;
+			bprm->per_clear |= PER_CLEAR_ON_SETID;
+			bprm->cred->euid = inode->i_uid;
 		}
 
 		/* Set-gid? */
@@ -1063,50 +1104,23 @@ int prepare_binprm(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
 		 * executable.
 		 */
 		if ((mode & (S_ISGID | S_IXGRP)) == (S_ISGID | S_IXGRP)) {
-			current->personality &= ~PER_CLEAR_ON_SETID;
-			bprm->e_gid = inode->i_gid;
+			bprm->per_clear |= PER_CLEAR_ON_SETID;
+			bprm->cred->egid = inode->i_gid;
 		}
 	}
 
 	/* fill in binprm security blob */
-	retval = security_bprm_set(bprm);
+	retval = security_bprm_set_creds(bprm);
 	if (retval)
 		return retval;
+	bprm->cred_prepared = 1;
 
-	memset(bprm->buf,0,BINPRM_BUF_SIZE);
-	return kernel_read(bprm->file,0,bprm->buf,BINPRM_BUF_SIZE);
+	memset(bprm->buf, 0, BINPRM_BUF_SIZE);
+	return kernel_read(bprm->file, 0, bprm->buf, BINPRM_BUF_SIZE);
 }
 
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(prepare_binprm);
 
-static int unsafe_exec(struct task_struct *p)
-{
-	int unsafe = tracehook_unsafe_exec(p);
-
-	if (atomic_read(&p->fs->count) > 1 ||
-	    atomic_read(&p->files->count) > 1 ||
-	    atomic_read(&p->sighand->count) > 1)
-		unsafe |= LSM_UNSAFE_SHARE;
-
-	return unsafe;
-}
-
-void compute_creds(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
-{
-	int unsafe;
-
-	if (bprm->e_uid != current_uid())
-		current->pdeath_signal = 0;
-	exec_keys(current);
-
-	task_lock(current);
-	unsafe = unsafe_exec(current);
-	security_bprm_apply_creds(bprm, unsafe);
-	task_unlock(current);
-	security_bprm_post_apply_creds(bprm);
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(compute_creds);
-
 /*
  * Arguments are '\0' separated strings found at the location bprm->p
  * points to; chop off the first by relocating brpm->p to right after
@@ -1259,6 +1273,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(search_binary_handler);
 void free_bprm(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
 {
 	free_arg_pages(bprm);
+	if (bprm->cred)
+		abort_creds(bprm->cred);
 	kfree(bprm);
 }
 
@@ -1284,10 +1300,20 @@ int do_execve(char * filename,
 	if (!bprm)
 		goto out_files;
 
+	retval = mutex_lock_interruptible(&current->cred_exec_mutex);
+	if (retval < 0)
+		goto out_free;
+
+	retval = -ENOMEM;
+	bprm->cred = prepare_exec_creds();
+	if (!bprm->cred)
+		goto out_unlock;
+	check_unsafe_exec(bprm);
+
 	file = open_exec(filename);
 	retval = PTR_ERR(file);
 	if (IS_ERR(file))
-		goto out_kfree;
+		goto out_unlock;
 
 	sched_exec();
 
@@ -1301,14 +1327,10 @@ int do_execve(char * filename,
 
 	bprm->argc = count(argv, MAX_ARG_STRINGS);
 	if ((retval = bprm->argc) < 0)
-		goto out_mm;
+		goto out;
 
 	bprm->envc = count(envp, MAX_ARG_STRINGS);
 	if ((retval = bprm->envc) < 0)
-		goto out_mm;
-
-	retval = security_bprm_alloc(bprm);
-	if (retval)
 		goto out;
 
 	retval = prepare_binprm(bprm);
@@ -1330,21 +1352,18 @@ int do_execve(char * filename,
 
 	current->flags &= ~PF_KTHREAD;
 	retval = search_binary_handler(bprm,regs);
-	if (retval >= 0) {
-		/* execve success */
-		security_bprm_free(bprm);
-		acct_update_integrals(current);
-		free_bprm(bprm);
-		if (displaced)
-			put_files_struct(displaced);
-		return retval;
-	}
+	if (retval < 0)
+		goto out;
 
-out:
-	if (bprm->security)
-		security_bprm_free(bprm);
+	/* execve succeeded */
+	mutex_unlock(&current->cred_exec_mutex);
+	acct_update_integrals(current);
+	free_bprm(bprm);
+	if (displaced)
+		put_files_struct(displaced);
+	return retval;
 
-out_mm:
+out:
 	if (bprm->mm)
 		mmput (bprm->mm);
 
@@ -1353,7 +1372,11 @@ out_file:
 		allow_write_access(bprm->file);
 		fput(bprm->file);
 	}
-out_kfree:
+
+out_unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&current->cred_exec_mutex);
+
+out_free:
 	free_bprm(bprm);
 
 out_files:
diff --git a/fs/internal.h b/fs/internal.h
index 80aa9a0..53af885 100644
--- a/fs/internal.h
+++ b/fs/internal.h
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
  */
 
 struct super_block;
+struct linux_binprm;
 
 /*
  * block_dev.c
@@ -40,6 +41,11 @@ static inline int sb_is_blkdev_sb(struct super_block *sb)
 extern void __init chrdev_init(void);
 
 /*
+ * exec.c
+ */
+extern void check_unsafe_exec(struct linux_binprm *);
+
+/*
  * namespace.c
  */
 extern int copy_mount_options(const void __user *, unsigned long *);