Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4

Pull ext4 updates from Theodore Ts'o:
 "The one new feature added in this patch series is the ability to use
  the "punch hole" functionality for inodes that are not using extent
  maps.

  In the bug fix category, we fixed some races in the AIO and fstrim
  code, and some potential NULL pointer dereferences and memory leaks in
  error handling code paths.

  In the optimization category, we fixed a performance regression in the
  jbd2 layer introduced by commit d9b01934d56a ("jbd: fix fsync() tid
  wraparound bug", introduced in v3.0) which shows up in the AIM7
  benchmark.  We also further optimized jbd2 by minimize the amount of
  time that transaction handles are held active.

  This patch series also features some additional enhancement of the
  extent status tree, which is now used to cache extent information in a
  more efficient/compact form than what we use on-disk."

* tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (65 commits)
  ext4: fix free clusters calculation in bigalloc filesystem
  ext4: no need to remove extent if len is 0 in ext4_es_remove_extent()
  ext4: fix xattr block allocation/release with bigalloc
  ext4: reclaim extents from extent status tree
  ext4: adjust some functions for reclaiming extents from extent status tree
  ext4: remove single extent cache
  ext4: lookup block mapping in extent status tree
  ext4: track all extent status in extent status tree
  ext4: let ext4_ext_map_blocks return EXT4_MAP_UNWRITTEN flag
  ext4: rename and improbe ext4_es_find_extent()
  ext4: add physical block and status member into extent status tree
  ext4: refine extent status tree
  ext4: use ERR_PTR() abstraction for ext4_append()
  ext4: refactor code to read directory blocks into ext4_read_dirblock()
  ext4: add debugging context for warning in ext4_da_update_reserve_space()
  ext4: use KERN_WARNING for warning messages
  jbd2: use module parameters instead of debugfs for jbd_debug
  ext4: use module parameters instead of debugfs for mballoc_debug
  ext4: start handle at the last possible moment when creating inodes
  ext4: fix the number of credits needed for acl ops with inline data
  ...

1 files changed, 227 insertions, 270 deletions

diff --git a/fs/ext4/namei.c b/fs/ext4/namei.c
index cc9a512..2a7015d 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/namei.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/namei.c
@@ -50,34 +50,108 @@
 
 static struct buffer_head *ext4_append(handle_t *handle,
 					struct inode *inode,
-					ext4_lblk_t *block, int *err)
+					ext4_lblk_t *block)
 {
 	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	int err = 0;
 
 	if (unlikely(EXT4_SB(inode->i_sb)->s_max_dir_size_kb &&
 		     ((inode->i_size >> 10) >=
-		      EXT4_SB(inode->i_sb)->s_max_dir_size_kb))) {
-		*err = -ENOSPC;
-		return NULL;
-	}
+		      EXT4_SB(inode->i_sb)->s_max_dir_size_kb)))
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOSPC);
 
 	*block = inode->i_size >> inode->i_sb->s_blocksize_bits;
 
-	bh = ext4_bread(handle, inode, *block, 1, err);
-	if (bh) {
-		inode->i_size += inode->i_sb->s_blocksize;
-		EXT4_I(inode)->i_disksize = inode->i_size;
-		*err = ext4_journal_get_write_access(handle, bh);
-		if (*err) {
+	bh = ext4_bread(handle, inode, *block, 1, &err);
+	if (!bh)
+		return ERR_PTR(err);
+	inode->i_size += inode->i_sb->s_blocksize;
+	EXT4_I(inode)->i_disksize = inode->i_size;
+	err = ext4_journal_get_write_access(handle, bh);
+	if (err) {
+		brelse(bh);
+		ext4_std_error(inode->i_sb, err);
+		return ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+	return bh;
+}
+
+static int ext4_dx_csum_verify(struct inode *inode,
+			       struct ext4_dir_entry *dirent);
+
+typedef enum {
+	EITHER, INDEX, DIRENT
+} dirblock_type_t;
+
+#define ext4_read_dirblock(inode, block, type) \
+	__ext4_read_dirblock((inode), (block), (type), __LINE__)
+
+static struct buffer_head *__ext4_read_dirblock(struct inode *inode,
+					      ext4_lblk_t block,
+					      dirblock_type_t type,
+					      unsigned int line)
+{
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	struct ext4_dir_entry *dirent;
+	int err = 0, is_dx_block = 0;
+
+	bh = ext4_bread(NULL, inode, block, 0, &err);
+	if (!bh) {
+		if (err == 0) {
+			ext4_error_inode(inode, __func__, line, block,
+					       "Directory hole found");
+			return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
+		}
+		__ext4_warning(inode->i_sb, __func__, line,
+			       "error reading directory block "
+			       "(ino %lu, block %lu)", inode->i_ino,
+			       (unsigned long) block);
+		return ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+	dirent = (struct ext4_dir_entry *) bh->b_data;
+	/* Determine whether or not we have an index block */
+	if (is_dx(inode)) {
+		if (block == 0)
+			is_dx_block = 1;
+		else if (ext4_rec_len_from_disk(dirent->rec_len,
+						inode->i_sb->s_blocksize) ==
+			 inode->i_sb->s_blocksize)
+			is_dx_block = 1;
+	}
+	if (!is_dx_block && type == INDEX) {
+		ext4_error_inode(inode, __func__, line, block,
+		       "directory leaf block found instead of index block");
+		return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
+	}
+	if (!EXT4_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(inode->i_sb,
+					EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_METADATA_CSUM) ||
+	    buffer_verified(bh))
+		return bh;
+
+	/*
+	 * An empty leaf block can get mistaken for a index block; for
+	 * this reason, we can only check the index checksum when the
+	 * caller is sure it should be an index block.
+	 */
+	if (is_dx_block && type == INDEX) {
+		if (ext4_dx_csum_verify(inode, dirent))
+			set_buffer_verified(bh);
+		else {
+			ext4_error_inode(inode, __func__, line, block,
+				"Directory index failed checksum");
 			brelse(bh);
-			bh = NULL;
+			return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
 		}
 	}
-	if (!bh && !(*err)) {
-		*err = -EIO;
-		ext4_error(inode->i_sb,
-			   "Directory hole detected on inode %lu\n",
-			   inode->i_ino);
+	if (!is_dx_block) {
+		if (ext4_dirent_csum_verify(inode, dirent))
+			set_buffer_verified(bh);
+		else {
+			ext4_error_inode(inode, __func__, line, block,
+				"Directory block failed checksum");
+			brelse(bh);
+			return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
+		}
 	}
 	return bh;
 }
@@ -603,9 +677,9 @@ dx_probe(const struct qstr *d_name, struct inode *dir,
 	u32 hash;
 
 	frame->bh = NULL;
-	if (!(bh = ext4_bread(NULL, dir, 0, 0, err))) {
-		if (*err == 0)
-			*err = ERR_BAD_DX_DIR;
+	bh = ext4_read_dirblock(dir, 0, INDEX);
+	if (IS_ERR(bh)) {
+		*err = PTR_ERR(bh);
 		goto fail;
 	}
 	root = (struct dx_root *) bh->b_data;
@@ -642,15 +716,6 @@ dx_probe(const struct qstr *d_name, struct inode *dir,
 		goto fail;
 	}
 
-	if (!buffer_verified(bh) &&
-	    !ext4_dx_csum_verify(dir, (struct ext4_dir_entry *)bh->b_data)) {
-		ext4_warning(dir->i_sb, "Root failed checksum");
-		brelse(bh);
-		*err = ERR_BAD_DX_DIR;
-		goto fail;
-	}
-	set_buffer_verified(bh);
-
 	entries = (struct dx_entry *) (((char *)&root->info) +
 				       root->info.info_length);
 
@@ -708,22 +773,12 @@ dx_probe(const struct qstr *d_name, struct inode *dir,
 		frame->entries = entries;
 		frame->at = at;
 		if (!indirect--) return frame;
-		if (!(bh = ext4_bread(NULL, dir, dx_get_block(at), 0, err))) {
-			if (!(*err))
-				*err = ERR_BAD_DX_DIR;
-			goto fail2;
-		}
-		at = entries = ((struct dx_node *) bh->b_data)->entries;
-
-		if (!buffer_verified(bh) &&
-		    !ext4_dx_csum_verify(dir,
-					 (struct ext4_dir_entry *)bh->b_data)) {
-			ext4_warning(dir->i_sb, "Node failed checksum");
-			brelse(bh);
-			*err = ERR_BAD_DX_DIR;
+		bh = ext4_read_dirblock(dir, dx_get_block(at), INDEX);
+		if (IS_ERR(bh)) {
+			*err = PTR_ERR(bh);
 			goto fail2;
 		}
-		set_buffer_verified(bh);
+		entries = ((struct dx_node *) bh->b_data)->entries;
 
 		if (dx_get_limit(entries) != dx_node_limit (dir)) {
 			ext4_warning(dir->i_sb,
@@ -782,7 +837,7 @@ static int ext4_htree_next_block(struct inode *dir, __u32 hash,
 {
 	struct dx_frame *p;
 	struct buffer_head *bh;
-	int err, num_frames = 0;
+	int num_frames = 0;
 	__u32 bhash;
 
 	p = frame;
@@ -821,25 +876,9 @@ static int ext4_htree_next_block(struct inode *dir, __u32 hash,
 	 * block so no check is necessary
 	 */
 	while (num_frames--) {
-		if (!(bh = ext4_bread(NULL, dir, dx_get_block(p->at),
-				      0, &err))) {
-			if (!err) {
-				ext4_error(dir->i_sb,
-					   "Directory hole detected on inode %lu\n",
-					   dir->i_ino);
-				return -EIO;
-			}
-			return err; /* Failure */
-		}
-
-		if (!buffer_verified(bh) &&
-		    !ext4_dx_csum_verify(dir,
-					 (struct ext4_dir_entry *)bh->b_data)) {
-			ext4_warning(dir->i_sb, "Node failed checksum");
-			return -EIO;
-		}
-		set_buffer_verified(bh);
-
+		bh = ext4_read_dirblock(dir, dx_get_block(p->at), INDEX);
+		if (IS_ERR(bh))
+			return PTR_ERR(bh);
 		p++;
 		brelse(p->bh);
 		p->bh = bh;
@@ -865,20 +904,9 @@ static int htree_dirblock_to_tree(struct file *dir_file,
 
 	dxtrace(printk(KERN_INFO "In htree dirblock_to_tree: block %lu\n",
 							(unsigned long)block));
-	if (!(bh = ext4_bread(NULL, dir, block, 0, &err))) {
-		if (!err) {
-			err = -EIO;
-			ext4_error(dir->i_sb,
-				   "Directory hole detected on inode %lu\n",
-				   dir->i_ino);
-		}
-		return err;
-	}
-
-	if (!buffer_verified(bh) &&
-	    !ext4_dirent_csum_verify(dir, (struct ext4_dir_entry *)bh->b_data))
-		return -EIO;
-	set_buffer_verified(bh);
+	bh = ext4_read_dirblock(dir, block, DIRENT);
+	if (IS_ERR(bh))
+		return PTR_ERR(bh);
 
 	de = (struct ext4_dir_entry_2 *) bh->b_data;
 	top = (struct ext4_dir_entry_2 *) ((char *) de +
@@ -1332,26 +1360,11 @@ static struct buffer_head * ext4_dx_find_entry(struct inode *dir, const struct q
 		return NULL;
 	do {
 		block = dx_get_block(frame->at);
-		if (!(bh = ext4_bread(NULL, dir, block, 0, err))) {
-			if (!(*err)) {
-				*err = -EIO;
-				ext4_error(dir->i_sb,
-					   "Directory hole detected on inode %lu\n",
-					   dir->i_ino);
-			}
-			goto errout;
-		}
-
-		if (!buffer_verified(bh) &&
-		    !ext4_dirent_csum_verify(dir,
-				(struct ext4_dir_entry *)bh->b_data)) {
-			EXT4_ERROR_INODE(dir, "checksumming directory "
-					 "block %lu", (unsigned long)block);
-			brelse(bh);
-			*err = -EIO;
+		bh = ext4_read_dirblock(dir, block, DIRENT);
+		if (IS_ERR(bh)) {
+			*err = PTR_ERR(bh);
 			goto errout;
 		}
-		set_buffer_verified(bh);
 		retval = search_dirblock(bh, dir, d_name,
 					 block << EXT4_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS(sb),
 					 res_dir);
@@ -1535,11 +1548,12 @@ static struct ext4_dir_entry_2 *do_split(handle_t *handle, struct inode *dir,
 				       EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_METADATA_CSUM))
 		csum_size = sizeof(struct ext4_dir_entry_tail);
 
-	bh2 = ext4_append (handle, dir, &newblock, &err);
-	if (!(bh2)) {
+	bh2 = ext4_append(handle, dir, &newblock);
+	if (IS_ERR(bh2)) {
 		brelse(*bh);
 		*bh = NULL;
-		goto errout;
+		*error = PTR_ERR(bh2);
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
 	BUFFER_TRACE(*bh, "get_write_access");
@@ -1620,7 +1634,6 @@ journal_error:
 	brelse(bh2);
 	*bh = NULL;
 	ext4_std_error(dir->i_sb, err);
-errout:
 	*error = err;
 	return NULL;
 }
@@ -1698,7 +1711,6 @@ static int add_dirent_to_buf(handle_t *handle, struct dentry *dentry,
 	const char	*name = dentry->d_name.name;
 	int		namelen = dentry->d_name.len;
 	unsigned int	blocksize = dir->i_sb->s_blocksize;
-	unsigned short	reclen;
 	int		csum_size = 0;
 	int		err;
 
@@ -1706,7 +1718,6 @@ static int add_dirent_to_buf(handle_t *handle, struct dentry *dentry,
 				       EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_METADATA_CSUM))
 		csum_size = sizeof(struct ext4_dir_entry_tail);
 
-	reclen = EXT4_DIR_REC_LEN(namelen);
 	if (!de) {
 		err = ext4_find_dest_de(dir, inode,
 					bh, bh->b_data, blocksize - csum_size,
@@ -1797,10 +1808,10 @@ static int make_indexed_dir(handle_t *handle, struct dentry *dentry,
 	len = ((char *) root) + (blocksize - csum_size) - (char *) de;
 
 	/* Allocate new block for the 0th block's dirents */
-	bh2 = ext4_append(handle, dir, &block, &retval);
-	if (!(bh2)) {
+	bh2 = ext4_append(handle, dir, &block);
+	if (IS_ERR(bh2)) {
 		brelse(bh);
-		return retval;
+		return PTR_ERR(bh2);
 	}
 	ext4_set_inode_flag(dir, EXT4_INODE_INDEX);
 	data1 = bh2->b_data;
@@ -1917,20 +1928,10 @@ static int ext4_add_entry(handle_t *handle, struct dentry *dentry,
 	}
 	blocks = dir->i_size >> sb->s_blocksize_bits;
 	for (block = 0; block < blocks; block++) {
-		if (!(bh = ext4_bread(handle, dir, block, 0, &retval))) {
-			if (!retval) {
-				retval = -EIO;
-				ext4_error(inode->i_sb,
-					   "Directory hole detected on inode %lu\n",
-					   inode->i_ino);
-			}
-			return retval;
-		}
-		if (!buffer_verified(bh) &&
-		    !ext4_dirent_csum_verify(dir,
-				(struct ext4_dir_entry *)bh->b_data))
-			return -EIO;
-		set_buffer_verified(bh);
+		bh = ext4_read_dirblock(dir, block, DIRENT);
+		if (IS_ERR(bh))
+			return PTR_ERR(bh);
+
 		retval = add_dirent_to_buf(handle, dentry, inode, NULL, bh);
 		if (retval != -ENOSPC) {
 			brelse(bh);
@@ -1942,9 +1943,9 @@ static int ext4_add_entry(handle_t *handle, struct dentry *dentry,
 			return make_indexed_dir(handle, dentry, inode, bh);
 		brelse(bh);
 	}
-	bh = ext4_append(handle, dir, &block, &retval);
-	if (!bh)
-		return retval;
+	bh = ext4_append(handle, dir, &block);
+	if (IS_ERR(bh))
+		return PTR_ERR(bh);
 	de = (struct ext4_dir_entry_2 *) bh->b_data;
 	de->inode = 0;
 	de->rec_len = ext4_rec_len_to_disk(blocksize - csum_size, blocksize);
@@ -1981,22 +1982,13 @@ static int ext4_dx_add_entry(handle_t *handle, struct dentry *dentry,
 		return err;
 	entries = frame->entries;
 	at = frame->at;
-
-	if (!(bh = ext4_bread(handle, dir, dx_get_block(frame->at), 0, &err))) {
-		if (!err) {
-			err = -EIO;
-			ext4_error(dir->i_sb,
-				   "Directory hole detected on inode %lu\n",
-				   dir->i_ino);
-		}
+	bh = ext4_read_dirblock(dir, dx_get_block(frame->at), DIRENT);
+	if (IS_ERR(bh)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(bh);
+		bh = NULL;
 		goto cleanup;
 	}
 
-	if (!buffer_verified(bh) &&
-	    !ext4_dirent_csum_verify(dir, (struct ext4_dir_entry *)bh->b_data))
-		goto journal_error;
-	set_buffer_verified(bh);
-
 	BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "get_write_access");
 	err = ext4_journal_get_write_access(handle, bh);
 	if (err)
@@ -2024,9 +2016,11 @@ static int ext4_dx_add_entry(handle_t *handle, struct dentry *dentry,
 			err = -ENOSPC;
 			goto cleanup;
 		}
-		bh2 = ext4_append (handle, dir, &newblock, &err);
-		if (!(bh2))
+		bh2 = ext4_append(handle, dir, &newblock);
+		if (IS_ERR(bh2)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(bh2);
 			goto cleanup;
+		}
 		node2 = (struct dx_node *)(bh2->b_data);
 		entries2 = node2->entries;
 		memset(&node2->fake, 0, sizeof(struct fake_dirent));
@@ -2105,8 +2099,7 @@ static int ext4_dx_add_entry(handle_t *handle, struct dentry *dentry,
 journal_error:
 	ext4_std_error(dir->i_sb, err);
 cleanup:
-	if (bh)
-		brelse(bh);
+	brelse(bh);
 	dx_release(frames);
 	return err;
 }
@@ -2253,29 +2246,28 @@ static int ext4_create(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode,
 {
 	handle_t *handle;
 	struct inode *inode;
-	int err, retries = 0;
+	int err, credits, retries = 0;
 
 	dquot_initialize(dir);
 
+	credits = (EXT4_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb) +
+		   EXT4_INDEX_EXTRA_TRANS_BLOCKS + 3 +
+		   EXT4_MAXQUOTAS_INIT_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb));
 retry:
-	handle = ext4_journal_start(dir, EXT4_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb) +
-					EXT4_INDEX_EXTRA_TRANS_BLOCKS + 3 +
-					EXT4_MAXQUOTAS_INIT_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb));
-	if (IS_ERR(handle))
-		return PTR_ERR(handle);
-
-	if (IS_DIRSYNC(dir))
-		ext4_handle_sync(handle);
-
-	inode = ext4_new_inode(handle, dir, mode, &dentry->d_name, 0, NULL);
+	inode = ext4_new_inode_start_handle(dir, mode, &dentry->d_name, 0,
+					    NULL, EXT4_HT_DIR, credits);
+	handle = ext4_journal_current_handle();
 	err = PTR_ERR(inode);
 	if (!IS_ERR(inode)) {
 		inode->i_op = &ext4_file_inode_operations;
 		inode->i_fop = &ext4_file_operations;
 		ext4_set_aops(inode);
 		err = ext4_add_nondir(handle, dentry, inode);
+		if (!err && IS_DIRSYNC(dir))
+			ext4_handle_sync(handle);
 	}
-	ext4_journal_stop(handle);
+	if (handle)
+		ext4_journal_stop(handle);
 	if (err == -ENOSPC && ext4_should_retry_alloc(dir->i_sb, &retries))
 		goto retry;
 	return err;
@@ -2286,31 +2278,30 @@ static int ext4_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
 {
 	handle_t *handle;
 	struct inode *inode;
-	int err, retries = 0;
+	int err, credits, retries = 0;
 
 	if (!new_valid_dev(rdev))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	dquot_initialize(dir);
 
+	credits = (EXT4_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb) +
+		   EXT4_INDEX_EXTRA_TRANS_BLOCKS + 3 +
+		   EXT4_MAXQUOTAS_INIT_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb));
 retry:
-	handle = ext4_journal_start(dir, EXT4_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb) +
-					EXT4_INDEX_EXTRA_TRANS_BLOCKS + 3 +
-					EXT4_MAXQUOTAS_INIT_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb));
-	if (IS_ERR(handle))
-		return PTR_ERR(handle);
-
-	if (IS_DIRSYNC(dir))
-		ext4_handle_sync(handle);
-
-	inode = ext4_new_inode(handle, dir, mode, &dentry->d_name, 0, NULL);
+	inode = ext4_new_inode_start_handle(dir, mode, &dentry->d_name, 0,
+					    NULL, EXT4_HT_DIR, credits);
+	handle = ext4_journal_current_handle();
 	err = PTR_ERR(inode);
 	if (!IS_ERR(inode)) {
 		init_special_inode(inode, inode->i_mode, rdev);
 		inode->i_op = &ext4_special_inode_operations;
 		err = ext4_add_nondir(handle, dentry, inode);
+		if (!err && IS_DIRSYNC(dir))
+			ext4_handle_sync(handle);
 	}
-	ext4_journal_stop(handle);
+	if (handle)
+		ext4_journal_stop(handle);
 	if (err == -ENOSPC && ext4_should_retry_alloc(dir->i_sb, &retries))
 		goto retry;
 	return err;
@@ -2350,6 +2341,7 @@ static int ext4_init_new_dir(handle_t *handle, struct inode *dir,
 	struct buffer_head *dir_block = NULL;
 	struct ext4_dir_entry_2 *de;
 	struct ext4_dir_entry_tail *t;
+	ext4_lblk_t block = 0;
 	unsigned int blocksize = dir->i_sb->s_blocksize;
 	int csum_size = 0;
 	int err;
@@ -2366,16 +2358,10 @@ static int ext4_init_new_dir(handle_t *handle, struct inode *dir,
 			goto out;
 	}
 
-	inode->i_size = EXT4_I(inode)->i_disksize = blocksize;
-	if (!(dir_block = ext4_bread(handle, inode, 0, 1, &err))) {
-		if (!err) {
-			err = -EIO;
-			ext4_error(inode->i_sb,
-				   "Directory hole detected on inode %lu\n",
-				   inode->i_ino);
-		}
-		goto out;
-	}
+	inode->i_size = 0;
+	dir_block = ext4_append(handle, inode, &block);
+	if (IS_ERR(dir_block))
+		return PTR_ERR(dir_block);
 	BUFFER_TRACE(dir_block, "get_write_access");
 	err = ext4_journal_get_write_access(handle, dir_block);
 	if (err)
@@ -2402,25 +2388,21 @@ static int ext4_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode)
 {
 	handle_t *handle;
 	struct inode *inode;
-	int err, retries = 0;
+	int err, credits, retries = 0;
 
 	if (EXT4_DIR_LINK_MAX(dir))
 		return -EMLINK;
 
 	dquot_initialize(dir);
 
+	credits = (EXT4_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb) +
+		   EXT4_INDEX_EXTRA_TRANS_BLOCKS + 3 +
+		   EXT4_MAXQUOTAS_INIT_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb));
 retry:
-	handle = ext4_journal_start(dir, EXT4_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb) +
-					EXT4_INDEX_EXTRA_TRANS_BLOCKS + 3 +
-					EXT4_MAXQUOTAS_INIT_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb));
-	if (IS_ERR(handle))
-		return PTR_ERR(handle);
-
-	if (IS_DIRSYNC(dir))
-		ext4_handle_sync(handle);
-
-	inode = ext4_new_inode(handle, dir, S_IFDIR | mode,
-			       &dentry->d_name, 0, NULL);
+	inode = ext4_new_inode_start_handle(dir, S_IFDIR | mode,
+					    &dentry->d_name,
+					    0, NULL, EXT4_HT_DIR, credits);
+	handle = ext4_journal_current_handle();
 	err = PTR_ERR(inode);
 	if (IS_ERR(inode))
 		goto out_stop;
@@ -2448,8 +2430,12 @@ out_clear_inode:
 		goto out_clear_inode;
 	unlock_new_inode(inode);
 	d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
+	if (IS_DIRSYNC(dir))
+		ext4_handle_sync(handle);
+
 out_stop:
-	ext4_journal_stop(handle);
+	if (handle)
+		ext4_journal_stop(handle);
 	if (err == -ENOSPC && ext4_should_retry_alloc(dir->i_sb, &retries))
 		goto retry;
 	return err;
@@ -2475,25 +2461,14 @@ static int empty_dir(struct inode *inode)
 	}
 
 	sb = inode->i_sb;
-	if (inode->i_size < EXT4_DIR_REC_LEN(1) + EXT4_DIR_REC_LEN(2) ||
-	    !(bh = ext4_bread(NULL, inode, 0, 0, &err))) {
-		if (err)
-			EXT4_ERROR_INODE(inode,
-				"error %d reading directory lblock 0", err);
-		else
-			ext4_warning(inode->i_sb,
-				     "bad directory (dir #%lu) - no data block",
-				     inode->i_ino);
+	if (inode->i_size < EXT4_DIR_REC_LEN(1) + EXT4_DIR_REC_LEN(2)) {
+		EXT4_ERROR_INODE(inode, "invalid size");
 		return 1;
 	}
-	if (!buffer_verified(bh) &&
-	    !ext4_dirent_csum_verify(inode,
-			(struct ext4_dir_entry *)bh->b_data)) {
-		EXT4_ERROR_INODE(inode, "checksum error reading directory "
-				 "lblock 0");
-		return -EIO;
-	}
-	set_buffer_verified(bh);
+	bh = ext4_read_dirblock(inode, 0, EITHER);
+	if (IS_ERR(bh))
+		return 1;
+
 	de = (struct ext4_dir_entry_2 *) bh->b_data;
 	de1 = ext4_next_entry(de, sb->s_blocksize);
 	if (le32_to_cpu(de->inode) != inode->i_ino ||
@@ -2516,28 +2491,9 @@ static int empty_dir(struct inode *inode)
 			err = 0;
 			brelse(bh);
 			lblock = offset >> EXT4_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS(sb);
-			bh = ext4_bread(NULL, inode, lblock, 0, &err);
-			if (!bh) {
-				if (err)
-					EXT4_ERROR_INODE(inode,
-						"error %d reading directory "
-						"lblock %u", err, lblock);
-				else
-					ext4_warning(inode->i_sb,
-						"bad directory (dir #%lu) - no data block",
-						inode->i_ino);
-
-				offset += sb->s_blocksize;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!buffer_verified(bh) &&
-			    !ext4_dirent_csum_verify(inode,
-					(struct ext4_dir_entry *)bh->b_data)) {
-				EXT4_ERROR_INODE(inode, "checksum error "
-						 "reading directory lblock 0");
-				return -EIO;
-			}
-			set_buffer_verified(bh);
+			bh = ext4_read_dirblock(inode, lblock, EITHER);
+			if (IS_ERR(bh))
+				return 1;
 			de = (struct ext4_dir_entry_2 *) bh->b_data;
 		}
 		if (ext4_check_dir_entry(inode, NULL, de, bh,
@@ -2716,25 +2672,18 @@ static int ext4_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 	struct inode *inode;
 	struct buffer_head *bh;
 	struct ext4_dir_entry_2 *de;
-	handle_t *handle;
+	handle_t *handle = NULL;
 
 	/* Initialize quotas before so that eventual writes go in
 	 * separate transaction */
 	dquot_initialize(dir);
 	dquot_initialize(dentry->d_inode);
 
-	handle = ext4_journal_start(dir, EXT4_DELETE_TRANS_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb));
-	if (IS_ERR(handle))
-		return PTR_ERR(handle);
-
 	retval = -ENOENT;
 	bh = ext4_find_entry(dir, &dentry->d_name, &de, NULL);
 	if (!bh)
 		goto end_rmdir;
 
-	if (IS_DIRSYNC(dir))
-		ext4_handle_sync(handle);
-
 	inode = dentry->d_inode;
 
 	retval = -EIO;
@@ -2745,6 +2694,17 @@ static int ext4_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 	if (!empty_dir(inode))
 		goto end_rmdir;
 
+	handle = ext4_journal_start(dir, EXT4_HT_DIR,
+				    EXT4_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb));
+	if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
+		retval = PTR_ERR(handle);
+		handle = NULL;
+		goto end_rmdir;
+	}
+
+	if (IS_DIRSYNC(dir))
+		ext4_handle_sync(handle);
+
 	retval = ext4_delete_entry(handle, dir, de, bh);
 	if (retval)
 		goto end_rmdir;
@@ -2766,8 +2726,9 @@ static int ext4_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 	ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, dir);
 
 end_rmdir:
-	ext4_journal_stop(handle);
 	brelse(bh);
+	if (handle)
+		ext4_journal_stop(handle);
 	return retval;
 }
 
@@ -2777,7 +2738,7 @@ static int ext4_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 	struct inode *inode;
 	struct buffer_head *bh;
 	struct ext4_dir_entry_2 *de;
-	handle_t *handle;
+	handle_t *handle = NULL;
 
 	trace_ext4_unlink_enter(dir, dentry);
 	/* Initialize quotas before so that eventual writes go
@@ -2785,13 +2746,6 @@ static int ext4_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 	dquot_initialize(dir);
 	dquot_initialize(dentry->d_inode);
 
-	handle = ext4_journal_start(dir, EXT4_DELETE_TRANS_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb));
-	if (IS_ERR(handle))
-		return PTR_ERR(handle);
-
-	if (IS_DIRSYNC(dir))
-		ext4_handle_sync(handle);
-
 	retval = -ENOENT;
 	bh = ext4_find_entry(dir, &dentry->d_name, &de, NULL);
 	if (!bh)
@@ -2803,6 +2757,17 @@ static int ext4_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 	if (le32_to_cpu(de->inode) != inode->i_ino)
 		goto end_unlink;
 
+	handle = ext4_journal_start(dir, EXT4_HT_DIR,
+				    EXT4_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb));
+	if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
+		retval = PTR_ERR(handle);
+		handle = NULL;
+		goto end_unlink;
+	}
+
+	if (IS_DIRSYNC(dir))
+		ext4_handle_sync(handle);
+
 	if (!inode->i_nlink) {
 		ext4_warning(inode->i_sb,
 			     "Deleting nonexistent file (%lu), %d",
@@ -2823,8 +2788,9 @@ static int ext4_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 	retval = 0;
 
 end_unlink:
-	ext4_journal_stop(handle);
 	brelse(bh);
+	if (handle)
+		ext4_journal_stop(handle);
 	trace_ext4_unlink_exit(dentry, retval);
 	return retval;
 }
@@ -2864,15 +2830,10 @@ static int ext4_symlink(struct inode *dir,
 			  EXT4_MAXQUOTAS_INIT_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb);
 	}
 retry:
-	handle = ext4_journal_start(dir, credits);
-	if (IS_ERR(handle))
-		return PTR_ERR(handle);
-
-	if (IS_DIRSYNC(dir))
-		ext4_handle_sync(handle);
-
-	inode = ext4_new_inode(handle, dir, S_IFLNK|S_IRWXUGO,
-			       &dentry->d_name, 0, NULL);
+	inode = ext4_new_inode_start_handle(dir, S_IFLNK|S_IRWXUGO,
+					    &dentry->d_name, 0, NULL,
+					    EXT4_HT_DIR, credits);
+	handle = ext4_journal_current_handle();
 	err = PTR_ERR(inode);
 	if (IS_ERR(inode))
 		goto out_stop;
@@ -2902,7 +2863,7 @@ retry:
 		 * Now inode is being linked into dir (EXT4_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS
 		 * + EXT4_INDEX_EXTRA_TRANS_BLOCKS), inode is also modified
 		 */
-		handle = ext4_journal_start(dir,
+		handle = ext4_journal_start(dir, EXT4_HT_DIR,
 				EXT4_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb) +
 				EXT4_INDEX_EXTRA_TRANS_BLOCKS + 1);
 		if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
@@ -2925,8 +2886,12 @@ retry:
 	}
 	EXT4_I(inode)->i_disksize = inode->i_size;
 	err = ext4_add_nondir(handle, dentry, inode);
+	if (!err && IS_DIRSYNC(dir))
+		ext4_handle_sync(handle);
+
 out_stop:
-	ext4_journal_stop(handle);
+	if (handle)
+		ext4_journal_stop(handle);
 	if (err == -ENOSPC && ext4_should_retry_alloc(dir->i_sb, &retries))
 		goto retry;
 	return err;
@@ -2949,8 +2914,9 @@ static int ext4_link(struct dentry *old_dentry,
 	dquot_initialize(dir);
 
 retry:
-	handle = ext4_journal_start(dir, EXT4_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb) +
-					EXT4_INDEX_EXTRA_TRANS_BLOCKS);
+	handle = ext4_journal_start(dir, EXT4_HT_DIR,
+		(EXT4_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb) +
+		 EXT4_INDEX_EXTRA_TRANS_BLOCKS));
 	if (IS_ERR(handle))
 		return PTR_ERR(handle);
 
@@ -2990,13 +2956,9 @@ static struct buffer_head *ext4_get_first_dir_block(handle_t *handle,
 	struct buffer_head *bh;
 
 	if (!ext4_has_inline_data(inode)) {
-		if (!(bh = ext4_bread(handle, inode, 0, 0, retval))) {
-			if (!*retval) {
-				*retval = -EIO;
-				ext4_error(inode->i_sb,
-					   "Directory hole detected on inode %lu\n",
-					   inode->i_ino);
-			}
+		bh = ext4_read_dirblock(inode, 0, EITHER);
+		if (IS_ERR(bh)) {
+			*retval = PTR_ERR(bh);
 			return NULL;
 		}
 		*parent_de = ext4_next_entry(
@@ -3033,9 +2995,9 @@ static int ext4_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
 	 * in separate transaction */
 	if (new_dentry->d_inode)
 		dquot_initialize(new_dentry->d_inode);
-	handle = ext4_journal_start(old_dir, 2 *
-					EXT4_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS(old_dir->i_sb) +
-					EXT4_INDEX_EXTRA_TRANS_BLOCKS + 2);
+	handle = ext4_journal_start(old_dir, EXT4_HT_DIR,
+		(2 * EXT4_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS(old_dir->i_sb) +
+		 EXT4_INDEX_EXTRA_TRANS_BLOCKS + 2));
 	if (IS_ERR(handle))
 		return PTR_ERR(handle);
 
@@ -3075,11 +3037,6 @@ static int ext4_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
 						  &inlined);
 		if (!dir_bh)
 			goto end_rename;
-		if (!inlined && !buffer_verified(dir_bh) &&
-		    !ext4_dirent_csum_verify(old_inode,
-				(struct ext4_dir_entry *)dir_bh->b_data))
-			goto end_rename;
-		set_buffer_verified(dir_bh);
 		if (le32_to_cpu(parent_de->inode) != old_dir->i_ino)
 			goto end_rename;
 		retval = -EMLINK;