License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

109 files changed, 109 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile b/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
index fd0a789..5f70044 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Makefile for the linux kernel.
 #
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/Makefile b/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/Makefile
index 85a9e17..f1bb57b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 OBJECT_FILES_NON_STANDARD_wakeup_$(BITS).o := y
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_ACPI)		+= boot.o
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.c b/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.c
index ed01481..7188aea 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * sleep.c - x86-specific ACPI sleep support.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.h b/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.h
index 65c7b60..fbb60ca 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *	Variables and functions used by the code in sleep.c
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/aperture_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/aperture_64.c
index ef2859f..f5d92bc 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/aperture_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/aperture_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Firmware replacement code.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/Makefile b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/Makefile
index 8e63ebd..2fb7309 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Makefile for local APIC drivers and for the IO-APIC code
 #
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic_noop.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic_noop.c
index 6599f43..c8d2112 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic_noop.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic_noop.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * NOOP APIC driver.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/bigsmp_32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/bigsmp_32.c
index 456e45e..e12fbcf 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/bigsmp_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/bigsmp_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * APIC driver for "bigsmp" xAPIC machines with more than 8 virtual CPUs.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/hw_nmi.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/hw_nmi.c
index d6f3877..d1fc62a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/hw_nmi.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/hw_nmi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  HW NMI watchdog support
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/io_apic.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/io_apic.c
index 70e48aa..3b89b27 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/io_apic.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/io_apic.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	Intel IO-APIC support for multi-Pentium hosts.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/ipi.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/ipi.c
index 3a205d4..82f9244 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/ipi.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/ipi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/cpumask.h>
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_cluster.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_cluster.c
index 481237c..e216cf3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_cluster.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_cluster.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/threads.h>
 #include <linux/cpumask.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_phys.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_phys.c
index 3baf0c3..b94d3532 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_phys.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_phys.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/threads.h>
 #include <linux/cpumask.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets.c b/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets.c
index de827d6..8ea7827 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Generate definitions needed by assembly language modules.
  * This code generates raw asm output which is post-processed to extract
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets_32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets_32.c
index 710edab..dedf428 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #ifndef __LINUX_KBUILD_H
 # error "Please do not build this file directly, build asm-offsets.c instead"
 #endif
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets_64.c
index cf42206..630212f 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #ifndef __LINUX_KBUILD_H
 # error "Please do not build this file directly, build asm-offsets.c instead"
 #endif
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/audit_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/audit_64.c
index f367250..e1efe44 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/audit_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/audit_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/audit.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/bootflag.c b/arch/x86/kernel/bootflag.c
index 52c8e3c..3fed7ae 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/bootflag.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/bootflag.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	Implement 'Simple Boot Flag Specification 2.0'
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/check.c b/arch/x86/kernel/check.c
index 145863d..3339942 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/check.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/check.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/kthread.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/Makefile b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/Makefile
index e17942c..c60922a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Makefile for x86-compatible CPU details, features and quirks
 #
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
index 0af86d9..ba0b242 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1994  Linus Torvalds
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/centaur.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/centaur.c
index 44207b7..68bc6d9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/centaur.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/centaur.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/sched/clock.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpu.h b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpu.h
index 2584265..f52a370 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpu.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpu.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef ARCH_X86_CPU_H
 #define ARCH_X86_CPU_H
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cyrix.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cyrix.c
index 6f07744..6b4bb33 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cyrix.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cyrix.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/bitops.h>
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/pci.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel.c
index dfa90a3..b720dac 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 
 #include <linux/string.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_cacheinfo.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_cacheinfo.c
index 9990a71..54d04d5 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_cacheinfo.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_cacheinfo.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	Routines to identify caches on Intel CPU.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.h b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.h
index ebaddae..a43a72d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_X86_INTEL_RDT_H
 #define _ASM_X86_INTEL_RDT_H
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/match.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/match.c
index e42117d..3fed388 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/match.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/match.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <asm/cpu_device_id.h>
 #include <asm/cpufeature.h>
 #include <linux/cpu.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/Makefile b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/Makefile
index 43051f0..bcc7c54 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 obj-y				=  mce.o mce-severity.o mce-genpool.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_X86_ANCIENT_MCE)	+= winchip.o p5.o
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce-internal.h b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce-internal.h
index debb974..aa0d5df 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce-internal.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce-internal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __X86_MCE_INTERNAL_H__
 #define __X86_MCE_INTERNAL_H__
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce_intel.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce_intel.c
index e84db79..d05be30 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce_intel.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce_intel.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Intel specific MCE features.
  * Copyright 2004 Zwane Mwaikambo <zwane@linuxpower.ca>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/p5.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/p5.c
index 2a0717b..5cddf83 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/p5.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/p5.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * P5 specific Machine Check Exception Reporting
  * (C) Copyright 2002 Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/threshold.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/threshold.c
index 5e7249e..2b584b3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/threshold.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/threshold.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Common corrected MCE threshold handler code:
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/winchip.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/winchip.c
index c6a722e..3b45b27 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/winchip.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/winchip.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * IDT Winchip specific Machine Check Exception Reporting
  * (C) Copyright 2002 Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mkcapflags.sh b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mkcapflags.sh
index 6988c74..d0dfb89 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mkcapflags.sh
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mkcapflags.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Generate the x86_cap/bug_flags[] arrays from include/asm/cpufeatures.h
 #
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/amd.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/amd.c
index 92ba9cd..a65a027 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/amd.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/amd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <asm/mtrr.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/centaur.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/centaur.c
index 3d68993..f271778 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/centaur.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/centaur.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/cyrix.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/cyrix.c
index b1086f7..4296c702 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/cyrix.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/cyrix.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/io.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/if.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/if.c
index 6d9b455..558444b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/if.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/if.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/capability.h>
 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/mtrr.h b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/mtrr.h
index ad8bd76..2ac99e5 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/mtrr.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/mtrr.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * local MTRR defines.
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perfctr-watchdog.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perfctr-watchdog.c
index 181eabe..d389083 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perfctr-watchdog.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perfctr-watchdog.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * local apic based NMI watchdog for various CPUs.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/powerflags.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/powerflags.c
index 1dd8294..fd6ec2a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/powerflags.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/powerflags.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Strings for the various x86 power flags
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/proc.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/proc.c
index 218f798..5455f3b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/proc.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/proc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/smp.h>
 #include <linux/timex.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/topology.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/topology.c
index cd53135..b099024 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/topology.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/topology.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Check for extended topology enumeration cpuid leaf 0xb and if it
  * exists, use it for populating initial_apicid and cpu topology
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/transmeta.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/transmeta.c
index d77d07a..42c9398 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/transmeta.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/transmeta.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/sched/clock.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/umc.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/umc.c
index ef9c2a0..65a58a3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/umc.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/umc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <asm/processor.h>
 #include "cpu.h"
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/crash_dump_32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/crash_dump_32.c
index 538fede..33ee476 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/crash_dump_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/crash_dump_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	Memory preserving reboot related code.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/crash_dump_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/crash_dump_64.c
index afa64ad..4f2e077 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/crash_dump_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/crash_dump_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	Memory preserving reboot related code.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/devicetree.c b/arch/x86/kernel/devicetree.c
index cbf1f6b..76e0769 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/devicetree.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/devicetree.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Architecture specific OF callbacks.
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/doublefault.c b/arch/x86/kernel/doublefault.c
index f9c324e..0e662c5 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/doublefault.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/doublefault.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_32.c
index 4f04814..daefae8 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
  *  Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_64.c
index 225af41..88ce2ff 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
  *  Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/early-quirks.c b/arch/x86/kernel/early-quirks.c
index 927abea..1e82f78 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/early-quirks.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/early-quirks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* Various workarounds for chipset bugs.
    This code runs very early and can't use the regular PCI subsystem
    The entries are keyed to PCI bridges which usually identify chipsets
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/early_printk.c b/arch/x86/kernel/early_printk.c
index 0f08403..5e801c8 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/early_printk.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/early_printk.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/console.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/ebda.c b/arch/x86/kernel/ebda.c
index 4312f8a..38e7d59 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/ebda.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/ebda.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/memblock.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/bugs.c b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/bugs.c
index d913047..2954fab 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/bugs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * x86 FPU bug checks:
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/regset.c b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/regset.c
index 3ea1513..bc02f51 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/regset.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/regset.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * FPU register's regset abstraction, for ptrace, core dumps, etc.
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/signal.c b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/signal.c
index fb639e7..23f1691 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/signal.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/signal.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * FPU signal frame handling routines.
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c b/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c
index 9bef1bb..01ebcb6 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Dynamic function tracing support.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_32.S b/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_32.S
index 722a145..b6c6468 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_32.S
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_32.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 2017  Steven Rostedt, VMware Inc.
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_64.S b/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_64.S
index 1dfac63..c832291 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_64.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 2014  Steven Rostedt, Red Hat Inc
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/head32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/head32.c
index 2902ca4..ec6fefb 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/head32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/head32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  linux/arch/i386/kernel/head32.c -- prepare to run common code
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/head64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/head64.c
index bab4fa5..6a5d757 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/head64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/head64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  prepare to run common code
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S b/arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S
index 9ed3074..f1d528b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *
  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S b/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S
index 513cbb0..6dde3f3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *  linux/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S -- start in 32bit and switch to 64bit
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/i8253.c b/arch/x86/kernel/i8253.c
index 6ebe00c..0d307a6 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/i8253.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/i8253.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * 8253/PIT functions
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/i8259.c b/arch/x86/kernel/i8259.c
index 4e3b8a5..8f5cb2c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/i8259.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/i8259.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/linkage.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/signal.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/io_delay.c b/arch/x86/kernel/io_delay.c
index 7ebcc4a..805b7a3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/io_delay.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/io_delay.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * I/O delay strategies for inb_p/outb_p
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/ioport.c b/arch/x86/kernel/ioport.c
index 9c3cf09..3feb648 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/ioport.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/ioport.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * This contains the io-permission bitmap code - written by obz, with changes
  * by Linus. 32/64 bits code unification by Miguel Botón.
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/irq_32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/irq_32.c
index d4eb450..a83b334 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/irq_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/irq_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	Copyright (C) 1992, 1998 Linus Torvalds, Ingo Molnar
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/irq_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/irq_64.c
index 3be74fb..020efbf 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/irq_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/irq_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	Copyright (C) 1992, 1998 Linus Torvalds, Ingo Molnar
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/irq_work.c b/arch/x86/kernel/irq_work.c
index 70dee05..80bee76 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/irq_work.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/irq_work.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * x86 specific code for irq_work
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/irqinit.c b/arch/x86/kernel/irqinit.c
index 1add9e0..1e4094e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/irqinit.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/irqinit.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/linkage.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/signal.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c b/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c
index ab4f491..e56c95b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * jump label x86 support
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/common.h b/arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/common.h
index 3fc0f9a..615105c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/common.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/common.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __X86_KERNEL_KPROBES_COMMON_H
 #define __X86_KERNEL_KPROBES_COMMON_H
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/ldt.c b/arch/x86/kernel/ldt.c
index f0e64db..4d17bac 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/ldt.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/ldt.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 1992 Krishna Balasubramanian and Linus Torvalds
  * Copyright (C) 1999 Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/mmconf-fam10h_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/mmconf-fam10h_64.c
index f4c886d..b5cb49e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/mmconf-fam10h_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/mmconf-fam10h_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * AMD Family 10h mmconfig enablement
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/mpparse.c b/arch/x86/kernel/mpparse.c
index 5cbb317..410c5da 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/mpparse.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/mpparse.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	Intel Multiprocessor Specification 1.1 and 1.4
  *	compliant MP-table parsing routines.
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/nmi_selftest.c b/arch/x86/kernel/nmi_selftest.c
index d27f8d8..a1a96df 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/nmi_selftest.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/nmi_selftest.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * arch/x86/kernel/nmi-selftest.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt-spinlocks.c b/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt-spinlocks.c
index 8f2d1c9..71f2d11 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt-spinlocks.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt-spinlocks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Split spinlock implementation out into its own file, so it can be
  * compiled in a FTRACE-compatible way.
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt_patch_32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt_patch_32.c
index 553acbb..758e69d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt_patch_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt_patch_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
 
 DEF_NATIVE(pv_irq_ops, irq_disable, "cli");
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt_patch_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt_patch_64.c
index 11aaf1e..ac0be82 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt_patch_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt_patch_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
 #include <linux/stringify.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-dma.c b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-dma.c
index 0accc24..599d746 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-dma.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-dma.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
 #include <linux/dma-debug.h>
 #include <linux/dmar.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-iommu_table.c b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-iommu_table.c
index f712dfd..4dfd90a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-iommu_table.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-iommu_table.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
 #include <asm/iommu_table.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-nommu.c b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-nommu.c
index 4fc3cb6..b0caae2 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-nommu.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-nommu.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* Fallback functions when the main IOMMU code is not compiled in. This
    code is roughly equivalent to i386. */
 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c
index 6770775..53bd05e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* Glue code to lib/swiotlb.c */
 
 #include <linux/pci.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/pcspeaker.c b/arch/x86/kernel/pcspeaker.c
index a311ffc..da5190a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/pcspeaker.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/pcspeaker.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/platform_device.h>
 #include <linux/err.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/perf_regs.c b/arch/x86/kernel/perf_regs.c
index 587d887..e47b2db 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/perf_regs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/perf_regs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/platform-quirks.c b/arch/x86/kernel/platform-quirks.c
index 502a77d..39a5929 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/platform-quirks.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/platform-quirks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/pmem.c b/arch/x86/kernel/pmem.c
index 0c5315d..3fe6900 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/pmem.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/pmem.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2015, Christoph Hellwig.
  * Copyright (c) 2015, Intel Corporation.
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/probe_roms.c b/arch/x86/kernel/probe_roms.c
index 963e3fb..ee02863 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/probe_roms.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/probe_roms.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process.c
index bd6b85f..c676853 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/process.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
 
 #include <linux/errno.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/quirks.c b/arch/x86/kernel/quirks.c
index eaa591c..697a4ce 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/quirks.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/quirks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * This file contains work-arounds for x86 and x86_64 platform bugs.
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/reboot.c b/arch/x86/kernel/reboot.c
index add33f6..2126b9d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/reboot.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/reboot.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
 
 #include <linux/export.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/reboot_fixups_32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/reboot_fixups_32.c
index c8e41e9..b7c0f14 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/reboot_fixups_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/reboot_fixups_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * This is a good place to put board specific reboot fixups.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/resource.c b/arch/x86/kernel/resource.c
index 5ab3895..9b9fb78 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/resource.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/resource.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/ioport.h>
 #include <asm/e820/api.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/rtc.c b/arch/x86/kernel/rtc.c
index 5b21cb7..69ac9cb 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/rtc.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/rtc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * RTC related functions
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/setup_percpu.c b/arch/x86/kernel/setup_percpu.c
index 28dafed..497aa76 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/setup_percpu.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/setup_percpu.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/signal.c b/arch/x86/kernel/signal.c
index 4e188fd..b9e00e8 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/signal.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/signal.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
  *  Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Andi Kleen SuSE Labs
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/signal_compat.c b/arch/x86/kernel/signal_compat.c
index ab9feb5..8c6da1a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/signal_compat.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/signal_compat.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/compat.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/step.c b/arch/x86/kernel/step.c
index 5ee6638..60d2c37 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/step.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/step.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * x86 single-step support code, common to 32-bit and 64-bit.
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/sys_x86_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/sys_x86_64.c
index 73e4d28..a63fe77 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/sys_x86_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/sys_x86_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/sched/mm.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/time.c b/arch/x86/kernel/time.c
index e0754cd..879af86 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/time.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/time.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Copyright (c) 1991,1992,1995  Linus Torvalds
  *  Copyright (c) 1994  Alan Modra
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/tls.c b/arch/x86/kernel/tls.c
index a106b97..9a9c9b0 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/tls.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/tls.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/trace_clock.c b/arch/x86/kernel/trace_clock.c
index 80bb24d..b8e7abe 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/trace_clock.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/trace_clock.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * X86 trace clocks
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/tracepoint.c b/arch/x86/kernel/tracepoint.c
index c6636d1..5bd30c4 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/tracepoint.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/tracepoint.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Code for supporting irq vector tracepoints.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/tsc_sync.c b/arch/x86/kernel/tsc_sync.c
index 7842371..e76a988 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/tsc_sync.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/tsc_sync.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * check TSC synchronization.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/vm86_32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/vm86_32.c
index 7924a53..6824474 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/vm86_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/vm86_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1994  Linus Torvalds
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S b/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
index f05f00a..a4009fb 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * ld script for the x86 kernel
  *