License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

41 files changed, 41 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/axisflashmap.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/axisflashmap.h
index 015ca54..185596c 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/axisflashmap.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/axisflashmap.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ASM_AXISFLASHMAP_H
 #define __ASM_AXISFLASHMAP_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/bitops.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/bitops.h
index 8062cb5..78f975a 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/bitops.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/bitops.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* asm/bitops.h for Linux/CRIS
  *
  * TODO: asm versions if speed is needed
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/bug.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/bug.h
index 3b39589..f1fa72a 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/bug.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/bug.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _CRIS_BUG_H
 #define _CRIS_BUG_H
 #include <arch/bug.h>
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/cache.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/cache.h
index a692b9f..8dac092 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/cache.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/cache.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_CACHE_H
 #define _ASM_CACHE_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/cacheflush.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/cacheflush.h
index 36795bc..0da1c76 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/cacheflush.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/cacheflush.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _CRIS_CACHEFLUSH_H
 #define _CRIS_CACHEFLUSH_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/checksum.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/checksum.h
index ea949c6..61b6a4f 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/checksum.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/checksum.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* TODO: csum_tcpudp_magic could be speeded up, and csum_fold as well */
 
 #ifndef _CRIS_CHECKSUM_H
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/delay.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/delay.h
index 75ec581..2dfdb13 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/delay.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/delay.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _CRIS_DELAY_H
 #define _CRIS_DELAY_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/dma-mapping.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/dma-mapping.h
index 256169d..1c9bf14 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/dma-mapping.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/dma-mapping.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_CRIS_DMA_MAPPING_H
 #define _ASM_CRIS_DMA_MAPPING_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/dma.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/dma.h
index 30fd715..e1f7d6d 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/dma.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/dma.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* $Id: dma.h,v 1.2 2001/05/09 12:17:42 johana Exp $ */
 
 #ifndef _ASM_DMA_H
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/eshlibld.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/eshlibld.h
index 70aa448..8894055 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/eshlibld.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/eshlibld.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*!**************************************************************************
 *!
 *! FILE NAME  : eshlibld.h
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/etraxi2c.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/etraxi2c.h
index e369a76..0fa6f03 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/etraxi2c.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/etraxi2c.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* $Id: etraxi2c.h,v 1.1 2001/01/18 15:49:57 bjornw Exp $ */
 
 #ifndef _LINUX_ETRAXI2C_H
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/fasttimer.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/fasttimer.h
index 8f8a8d6..bc109f4 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/fasttimer.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/fasttimer.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * linux/include/asm-cris/fasttimer.h
  *
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/fb.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/fb.h
index c7df380..e101500 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/fb.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/fb.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_FB_H_
 #define _ASM_FB_H_
 #include <linux/fb.h>
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/io.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/io.h
index fe0b2a0..c92712d 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/io.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/io.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_CRIS_IO_H
 #define _ASM_CRIS_IO_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/irq.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/irq.h
index ce0fcf5..6a932f7 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/irq.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/irq.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_IRQ_H
 #define _ASM_IRQ_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/mmu.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/mmu.h
index e06ea94..54da8f6 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/mmu.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/mmu.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * CRIS MMU constants and PTE layout
  */
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/mmu_context.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/mmu_context.h
index 349acfd..178f3b7 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/mmu_context.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/mmu_context.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __CRIS_MMU_CONTEXT_H
 #define __CRIS_MMU_CONTEXT_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/page.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/page.h
index dfc53f9..5b5b3da 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/page.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/page.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _CRIS_PAGE_H
 #define _CRIS_PAGE_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/pci.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/pci.h
index 6e50533..6f8b366 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/pci.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/pci.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ASM_CRIS_PCI_H
 #define __ASM_CRIS_PCI_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/pgalloc.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/pgalloc.h
index 42f1aff..d8dc1b8 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/pgalloc.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/pgalloc.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _CRIS_PGALLOC_H
 #define _CRIS_PGALLOC_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/pgtable.h
index fa3a730..03fca40 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/pgtable.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/pgtable.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * CRIS pgtable.h - macros and functions to manipulate page tables.
  */
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/processor.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/processor.h
index bc2729e..124dd5e 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/processor.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/processor.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * include/asm-cris/processor.h
  *
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/ptrace.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/ptrace.h
index 9e788d0..d69295f 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/ptrace.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/ptrace.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _CRIS_PTRACE_H
 #define _CRIS_PTRACE_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/segment.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/segment.h
index c067513..6ac914b 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/segment.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/segment.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_SEGMENT_H
 #define _ASM_SEGMENT_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/serial.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/serial.h
index af7535a..f51e0e1 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/serial.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/serial.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_SERIAL_H
 #define _ASM_SERIAL_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/shmparam.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/shmparam.h
index d29d122..704a725 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/shmparam.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/shmparam.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_CRIS_SHMPARAM_H
 #define _ASM_CRIS_SHMPARAM_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/signal.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/signal.h
index c11b874..64b0943 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/signal.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/signal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_CRIS_SIGNAL_H
 #define _ASM_CRIS_SIGNAL_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/stacktrace.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/stacktrace.h
index 2d90856..154f0c9 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/stacktrace.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/stacktrace.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __CRIS_STACKTRACE_H
 #define __CRIS_STACKTRACE_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/string.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/string.h
index d5db39f..bae5a08 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/string.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/string.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_CRIS_STRING_H
 #define _ASM_CRIS_STRING_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/swab.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/swab.h
index 991b6ac..5e1d8cf 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/swab.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/swab.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _CRIS_SWAB_H
 #define _CRIS_SWAB_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/switch_to.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/switch_to.h
index d842e11..dde4acf 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/switch_to.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/switch_to.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ASM_CRIS_SWITCH_TO_H
 #define __ASM_CRIS_SWITCH_TO_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/termios.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/termios.h
index 1991cd9e..9832bf32 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/termios.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/termios.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _CRIS_TERMIOS_H
 #define _CRIS_TERMIOS_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/thread_info.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/thread_info.h
index 4ead1b4..472830c 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/thread_info.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/thread_info.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* thread_info.h: CRIS low-level thread information
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2002  David Howells (dhowells@redhat.com)
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/timex.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/timex.h
index 980924a..3840a55 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/timex.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/timex.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * linux/include/asm-cris/timex.h
  *
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/tlb.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/tlb.h
index 77384ea..1f6a8a6 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/tlb.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/tlb.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _CRIS_TLB_H
 #define _CRIS_TLB_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/tlbflush.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/tlbflush.h
index b424f43..e7cb964 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/tlbflush.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/tlbflush.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _CRIS_TLBFLUSH_H
 #define _CRIS_TLBFLUSH_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/uaccess.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/uaccess.h
index b0c6b07..3b42ab0 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/uaccess.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/uaccess.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Authors:    Bjorn Wesen (bjornw@axis.com)
  *	       Hans-Peter Nilsson (hp@axis.com)
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/ucontext.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/ucontext.h
index eed6ad5..22f7e7c 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/ucontext.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/ucontext.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_CRIS_UCONTEXT_H
 #define _ASM_CRIS_UCONTEXT_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/unaligned.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/unaligned.h
index 7b3f3fe..21772cf 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/unaligned.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/unaligned.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_CRIS_UNALIGNED_H
 #define _ASM_CRIS_UNALIGNED_H
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/unistd.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/unistd.h
index 9c23535..6a92c05 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/unistd.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/unistd.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_CRIS_UNISTD_H_
 #define _ASM_CRIS_UNISTD_H_
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/include/asm/user.h b/arch/cris/include/asm/user.h
index 59147cf..a19c395 100644
--- a/arch/cris/include/asm/user.h
+++ b/arch/cris/include/asm/user.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ASM_CRIS_USER_H
 #define __ASM_CRIS_USER_H