[ALSA] dynamic minors (3/6): store device-specific object pointers dynamically

Instead of storing the pointers to the device-specific structures in an
array, put them into the struct snd_minor, and look them up dynamically.

This makes the device type modules independent of the minor number
encoding.

Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>

17 files changed, 278 insertions, 197 deletions

diff --git a/include/sound/core.h b/include/sound/core.h
index 67b0a7e..90ac613 100644
--- a/include/sound/core.h
+++ b/include/sound/core.h
@@ -187,6 +187,7 @@ struct snd_minor {
 	int card;			/* card number */
 	int device;			/* device number */
 	struct file_operations *f_ops;	/* file operations */
+	void *private_data;		/* private data for f_ops->open */
 	char name[0];			/* device name (keep at the end of
 								structure) */
 };
@@ -199,13 +200,17 @@ extern int snd_ecards_limit;
 void snd_request_card(int card);
 
 int snd_register_device(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev,
-			struct file_operations *f_ops, const char *name);
+			struct file_operations *f_ops, void *private_data,
+			const char *name);
 int snd_unregister_device(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev);
+void *snd_lookup_minor_data(unsigned int minor, int type);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL
 int snd_register_oss_device(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev,
-			    struct file_operations *f_ops, const char *name);
+			    struct file_operations *f_ops, void *private_data,
+			    const char *name);
 int snd_unregister_oss_device(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev);
+void *snd_lookup_oss_minor_data(unsigned int minor, int type);
 #endif
 
 int snd_minor_info_init(void);
diff --git a/include/sound/hwdep.h b/include/sound/hwdep.h
index 04b20bc..c679e5b 100644
--- a/include/sound/hwdep.h
+++ b/include/sound/hwdep.h
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ struct snd_hwdep_ops {
 
 struct snd_hwdep {
 	struct snd_card *card;
+	struct list_head list;
 	int device;
 	char id[32];
 	char name[80];
diff --git a/include/sound/pcm.h b/include/sound/pcm.h
index 5e29b0e..314268a 100644
--- a/include/sound/pcm.h
+++ b/include/sound/pcm.h
@@ -412,6 +412,7 @@ struct snd_pcm_str {
 
 struct snd_pcm {
 	struct snd_card *card;
+	struct list_head list;
 	unsigned int device;	/* device number */
 	unsigned int info_flags;
 	unsigned short dev_class;
@@ -439,7 +440,6 @@ struct snd_pcm_notify {
  *  Registering
  */
 
-extern struct snd_pcm *snd_pcm_devices[];
 extern struct file_operations snd_pcm_f_ops[2];
 
 int snd_pcm_new(struct snd_card *card, char *id, int device,
diff --git a/include/sound/rawmidi.h b/include/sound/rawmidi.h
index 9492a32..d19bddf 100644
--- a/include/sound/rawmidi.h
+++ b/include/sound/rawmidi.h
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ struct snd_rawmidi_str {
 
 struct snd_rawmidi {
 	struct snd_card *card;
-
+	struct list_head list;
 	unsigned int device;		/* device number */
 	unsigned int info_flags;	/* SNDRV_RAWMIDI_INFO_XXXX */
 	char id[64];
@@ -165,8 +165,8 @@ int snd_rawmidi_transmit(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream,
 /* main midi functions */
 
 int snd_rawmidi_info_select(struct snd_card *card, struct snd_rawmidi_info *info);
-int snd_rawmidi_kernel_open(int cardnum, int device, int subdevice, int mode,
-			    struct snd_rawmidi_file *rfile);
+int snd_rawmidi_kernel_open(struct snd_card *card, int device, int subdevice,
+			    int mode, struct snd_rawmidi_file *rfile);
 int snd_rawmidi_kernel_release(struct snd_rawmidi_file *rfile);
 int snd_rawmidi_output_params(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream,
 			      struct snd_rawmidi_params *params);
diff --git a/sound/core/control.c b/sound/core/control.c
index 23561e7..abd62f9 100644
--- a/sound/core/control.c
+++ b/sound/core/control.c
@@ -47,13 +47,12 @@ static LIST_HEAD(snd_control_compat_ioctls);
 
 static int snd_ctl_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 {
-	int cardnum = SNDRV_MINOR_CARD(iminor(inode));
 	unsigned long flags;
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct snd_ctl_file *ctl;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_cards[cardnum];
+	card = snd_lookup_minor_data(iminor(inode), SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_CONTROL);
 	if (!card) {
 		err = -ENODEV;
 		goto __error1;
@@ -1277,8 +1276,8 @@ static int snd_ctl_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
 	cardnum = card->number;
 	snd_assert(cardnum >= 0 && cardnum < SNDRV_CARDS, return -ENXIO);
 	sprintf(name, "controlC%i", cardnum);
-	if ((err = snd_register_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_CONTROL,
-				       card, -1, &snd_ctl_f_ops, name)) < 0)
+	if ((err = snd_register_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_CONTROL, card, -1,
+				       &snd_ctl_f_ops, card, name)) < 0)
 		return err;
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/sound/core/hwdep.c b/sound/core/hwdep.c
index 27d5bf7..b8c0c8c 100644
--- a/sound/core/hwdep.c
+++ b/sound/core/hwdep.c
@@ -35,8 +35,7 @@ MODULE_AUTHOR("Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>");
 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Hardware dependent layer");
 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
 
-static struct snd_hwdep *snd_hwdep_devices[SNDRV_CARDS * SNDRV_MINOR_HWDEPS];
-
+static LIST_HEAD(snd_hwdep_devices);
 static DECLARE_MUTEX(register_mutex);
 
 static int snd_hwdep_free(struct snd_hwdep *hwdep);
@@ -44,9 +43,19 @@ static int snd_hwdep_dev_free(struct snd_device *device);
 static int snd_hwdep_dev_register(struct snd_device *device);
 static int snd_hwdep_dev_unregister(struct snd_device *device);
 
-/*
 
- */
+static struct snd_hwdep *snd_hwdep_search(struct snd_card *card, int device)
+{
+	struct list_head *p;
+	struct snd_hwdep *hwdep;
+
+	list_for_each(p, &snd_hwdep_devices) {
+		hwdep = list_entry(p, struct snd_hwdep, list);
+		if (hwdep->card == card && hwdep->device == device)
+			return hwdep;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
 
 static loff_t snd_hwdep_llseek(struct file * file, loff_t offset, int orig)
 {
@@ -77,34 +86,25 @@ static ssize_t snd_hwdep_write(struct file * file, const char __user *buf,
 static int snd_hwdep_open(struct inode *inode, struct file * file)
 {
 	int major = imajor(inode);
-	int cardnum;
-	int device;
 	struct snd_hwdep *hw;
 	int err;
 	wait_queue_t wait;
 
 	if (major == snd_major) {
-		cardnum = SNDRV_MINOR_CARD(iminor(inode));
-		device = SNDRV_MINOR_DEVICE(iminor(inode)) - SNDRV_MINOR_HWDEP;
+		hw = snd_lookup_minor_data(iminor(inode),
+					   SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_HWDEP);
 #ifdef CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL
 	} else if (major == SOUND_MAJOR) {
-		cardnum = SNDRV_MINOR_OSS_CARD(iminor(inode));
-		device = 0;
+		hw = snd_lookup_oss_minor_data(iminor(inode),
+					       SNDRV_OSS_DEVICE_TYPE_DMFM);
 #endif
 	} else
 		return -ENXIO;
-	cardnum %= SNDRV_CARDS;
-	device %= SNDRV_MINOR_HWDEPS;
-	hw = snd_hwdep_devices[(cardnum * SNDRV_MINOR_HWDEPS) + device];
 	if (hw == NULL)
 		return -ENODEV;
 
 	if (!hw->ops.open)
 		return -ENXIO;
-#ifdef CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL
-	if (major == SOUND_MAJOR && hw->oss_type < 0)
-		return -ENXIO;
-#endif
 
 	if (!try_module_get(hw->card->module))
 		return -EFAULT;
@@ -265,9 +265,6 @@ static int snd_hwdep_control_ioctl(struct snd_card *card,
 				   struct snd_ctl_file * control,
 				   unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 {
-	unsigned int tmp;
-	
-	tmp = card->number * SNDRV_MINOR_HWDEPS;
 	switch (cmd) {
 	case SNDRV_CTL_IOCTL_HWDEP_NEXT_DEVICE:
 		{
@@ -275,14 +272,16 @@ static int snd_hwdep_control_ioctl(struct snd_card *card,
 
 			if (get_user(device, (int __user *)arg))
 				return -EFAULT;
+			down(&register_mutex);
 			device = device < 0 ? 0 : device + 1;
 			while (device < SNDRV_MINOR_HWDEPS) {
-				if (snd_hwdep_devices[tmp + device])
+				if (snd_hwdep_search(card, device))
 					break;
 				device++;
 			}
 			if (device >= SNDRV_MINOR_HWDEPS)
 				device = -1;
+			up(&register_mutex);
 			if (put_user(device, (int __user *)arg))
 				return -EFAULT;
 			return 0;
@@ -290,17 +289,19 @@ static int snd_hwdep_control_ioctl(struct snd_card *card,
 	case SNDRV_CTL_IOCTL_HWDEP_INFO:
 		{
 			struct snd_hwdep_info __user *info = (struct snd_hwdep_info __user *)arg;
-			int device;
+			int device, err;
 			struct snd_hwdep *hwdep;
 
 			if (get_user(device, &info->device))
 				return -EFAULT;
-			if (device < 0 || device >= SNDRV_MINOR_HWDEPS)
-				return -ENXIO;
-			hwdep = snd_hwdep_devices[tmp + device];
-			if (hwdep == NULL)
-				return -ENXIO;
-			return snd_hwdep_info(hwdep, info);
+			down(&register_mutex);
+			hwdep = snd_hwdep_search(card, device);
+			if (hwdep)
+				err = snd_hwdep_info(hwdep, info);
+			else
+				err = -ENXIO;
+			up(&register_mutex);
+			return err;
 		}
 	}
 	return -ENOIOCTLCMD;
@@ -397,23 +398,22 @@ static int snd_hwdep_dev_free(struct snd_device *device)
 static int snd_hwdep_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
 {
 	struct snd_hwdep *hwdep = device->device_data;
-	int idx, err;
+	int err;
 	char name[32];
 
 	down(&register_mutex);
-	idx = (hwdep->card->number * SNDRV_MINOR_HWDEPS) + hwdep->device;
-	if (snd_hwdep_devices[idx]) {
+	if (snd_hwdep_search(hwdep->card, hwdep->device)) {
 		up(&register_mutex);
 		return -EBUSY;
 	}
-	snd_hwdep_devices[idx] = hwdep;
+	list_add_tail(&hwdep->list, &snd_hwdep_devices);
 	sprintf(name, "hwC%iD%i", hwdep->card->number, hwdep->device);
 	if ((err = snd_register_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_HWDEP,
 				       hwdep->card, hwdep->device,
-				       &snd_hwdep_f_ops, name)) < 0) {
+				       &snd_hwdep_f_ops, hwdep, name)) < 0) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unable to register hardware dependent device %i:%i\n",
 			   hwdep->card->number, hwdep->device);
-		snd_hwdep_devices[idx] = NULL;
+		list_del(&hwdep->list);
 		up(&register_mutex);
 		return err;
 	}
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ static int snd_hwdep_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
 		} else {
 			if (snd_register_oss_device(hwdep->oss_type,
 						    hwdep->card, hwdep->device,
-						    &snd_hwdep_f_ops,
+						    &snd_hwdep_f_ops, hwdep,
 						    hwdep->oss_dev) < 0) {
 				snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unable to register OSS compatibility device %i:%i\n",
 					   hwdep->card->number, hwdep->device);
@@ -441,12 +441,10 @@ static int snd_hwdep_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
 static int snd_hwdep_dev_unregister(struct snd_device *device)
 {
 	struct snd_hwdep *hwdep = device->device_data;
-	int idx;
 
 	snd_assert(hwdep != NULL, return -ENXIO);
 	down(&register_mutex);
-	idx = (hwdep->card->number * SNDRV_MINOR_HWDEPS) + hwdep->device;
-	if (snd_hwdep_devices[idx] != hwdep) {
+	if (snd_hwdep_search(hwdep->card, hwdep->device) != hwdep) {
 		up(&register_mutex);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
@@ -455,7 +453,7 @@ static int snd_hwdep_dev_unregister(struct snd_device *device)
 		snd_unregister_oss_device(hwdep->oss_type, hwdep->card, hwdep->device);
 #endif
 	snd_unregister_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_HWDEP, hwdep->card, hwdep->device);
-	snd_hwdep_devices[idx] = NULL;
+	list_del(&hwdep->list);
 	up(&register_mutex);
 	return snd_hwdep_free(hwdep);
 }
@@ -467,18 +465,14 @@ static int snd_hwdep_dev_unregister(struct snd_device *device)
 static void snd_hwdep_proc_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
 				struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
 {
-	int idx;
+	struct list_head *p;
 	struct snd_hwdep *hwdep;
 
 	down(&register_mutex);
-	for (idx = 0; idx < SNDRV_CARDS * SNDRV_MINOR_HWDEPS; idx++) {
-		hwdep = snd_hwdep_devices[idx];
-		if (hwdep == NULL)
-			continue;
+	list_for_each(p, &snd_hwdep_devices) {
+		hwdep = list_entry(p, struct snd_hwdep, list);
 		snd_iprintf(buffer, "%02i-%02i: %s\n",
-					idx / SNDRV_MINOR_HWDEPS,
-					idx % SNDRV_MINOR_HWDEPS,
-					hwdep->name);
+			    hwdep->card->number, hwdep->device, hwdep->name);
 	}
 	up(&register_mutex);
 }
@@ -493,9 +487,8 @@ static int __init alsa_hwdep_init(void)
 {
 	struct snd_info_entry *entry;
 
-	memset(snd_hwdep_devices, 0, sizeof(snd_hwdep_devices));
 	if ((entry = snd_info_create_module_entry(THIS_MODULE, "hwdep", NULL)) != NULL) {
-		entry->c.text.read_size = 512;
+		entry->c.text.read_size = PAGE_SIZE;
 		entry->c.text.read = snd_hwdep_proc_read;
 		if (snd_info_register(entry) < 0) {
 			snd_info_free_entry(entry);
diff --git a/sound/core/oss/mixer_oss.c b/sound/core/oss/mixer_oss.c
index 2dd6bf9b..2d7a420 100644
--- a/sound/core/oss/mixer_oss.c
+++ b/sound/core/oss/mixer_oss.c
@@ -41,12 +41,13 @@ MODULE_ALIAS_SNDRV_MINOR(SNDRV_MINOR_OSS_MIXER);
 
 static int snd_mixer_oss_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 {
-	int cardnum = SNDRV_MINOR_OSS_CARD(iminor(inode));
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct snd_mixer_oss_file *fmixer;
 	int err;
 
-	if ((card = snd_cards[cardnum]) == NULL)
+	card = snd_lookup_oss_minor_data(iminor(inode),
+					 SNDRV_OSS_DEVICE_TYPE_MIXER);
+	if (card == NULL)
 		return -ENODEV;
 	if (card->mixer_oss == NULL)
 		return -ENODEV;
@@ -1286,7 +1287,7 @@ static int snd_mixer_oss_notify_handler(struct snd_card *card, int cmd)
 		sprintf(name, "mixer%i%i", card->number, 0);
 		if ((err = snd_register_oss_device(SNDRV_OSS_DEVICE_TYPE_MIXER,
 						   card, 0,
-						   &snd_mixer_oss_f_ops,
+						   &snd_mixer_oss_f_ops, card,
 						   name)) < 0) {
 			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unable to register OSS mixer device %i:%i\n",
 				   card->number, 0);
diff --git a/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c b/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c
index 947bf08..2ae283c 100644
--- a/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c
+++ b/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c
@@ -1834,9 +1834,6 @@ static int snd_task_name(struct task_struct *task, char *name, size_t size)
 
 static int snd_pcm_oss_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 {
-	int minor = iminor(inode);
-	int cardnum = SNDRV_MINOR_OSS_CARD(minor);
-	int device;
 	int err;
 	char task_name[32];
 	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
@@ -1845,11 +1842,8 @@ static int snd_pcm_oss_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 	int nonblock;
 	wait_queue_t wait;
 
-	snd_assert(cardnum >= 0 && cardnum < SNDRV_CARDS, return -ENXIO);
-	device = SNDRV_MINOR_OSS_DEVICE(minor) == SNDRV_MINOR_OSS_PCM1 ?
-		adsp_map[cardnum] : dsp_map[cardnum];
-
-	pcm = snd_pcm_devices[(cardnum * SNDRV_PCM_DEVICES) + device];
+	pcm = snd_lookup_oss_minor_data(iminor(inode),
+					SNDRV_OSS_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM);
 	if (pcm == NULL) {
 		err = -ENODEV;
 		goto __error1;
@@ -1890,7 +1884,7 @@ static int snd_pcm_oss_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 	down(&pcm->open_mutex);
 	while (1) {
 		err = snd_pcm_oss_open_file(file, pcm, &pcm_oss_file,
-					    minor, psetup, csetup);
+					    iminor(inode), psetup, csetup);
 		if (err >= 0)
 			break;
 		if (err == -EAGAIN) {
@@ -2450,7 +2444,7 @@ static void register_oss_dsp(struct snd_pcm *pcm, int index)
 	sprintf(name, "dsp%i%i", pcm->card->number, pcm->device);
 	if (snd_register_oss_device(SNDRV_OSS_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM,
 				    pcm->card, index, &snd_pcm_oss_f_reg,
-				    name) < 0) {
+				    pcm, name) < 0) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unable to register OSS PCM device %i:%i\n",
 			   pcm->card->number, pcm->device);
 	}
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm.c b/sound/core/pcm.c
index 2bc5f69e..95036c8 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm.c
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ MODULE_AUTHOR("Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>, Abramo Bagnara <abramo@alsa-proj
 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Midlevel PCM code for ALSA.");
 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
 
-struct snd_pcm *snd_pcm_devices[SNDRV_CARDS * SNDRV_PCM_DEVICES];
+static LIST_HEAD(snd_pcm_devices);
 static LIST_HEAD(snd_pcm_notify_list);
 static DECLARE_MUTEX(register_mutex);
 
@@ -43,13 +43,23 @@ static int snd_pcm_dev_register(struct snd_device *device);
 static int snd_pcm_dev_disconnect(struct snd_device *device);
 static int snd_pcm_dev_unregister(struct snd_device *device);
 
+static struct snd_pcm *snd_pcm_search(struct snd_card *card, int device)
+{
+	struct list_head *p;
+	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
+
+	list_for_each(p, &snd_pcm_devices) {
+		pcm = list_entry(p, struct snd_pcm, list);
+		if (pcm->card == card && pcm->device == device)
+			return pcm;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 static int snd_pcm_control_ioctl(struct snd_card *card,
 				 struct snd_ctl_file *control,
 				 unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 {
-	unsigned int tmp;
-
-	tmp = card->number * SNDRV_PCM_DEVICES;
 	switch (cmd) {
 	case SNDRV_CTL_IOCTL_PCM_NEXT_DEVICE:
 		{
@@ -57,14 +67,16 @@ static int snd_pcm_control_ioctl(struct snd_card *card,
 
 			if (get_user(device, (int __user *)arg))
 				return -EFAULT;
+			down(&register_mutex);
 			device = device < 0 ? 0 : device + 1;
 			while (device < SNDRV_PCM_DEVICES) {
-				if (snd_pcm_devices[tmp + device])
+				if (snd_pcm_search(card, device))
 					break;
 				device++;
 			}
 			if (device == SNDRV_PCM_DEVICES)
 				device = -1;
+			up(&register_mutex);
 			if (put_user(device, (int __user *)arg))
 				return -EFAULT;
 			return 0;
@@ -77,31 +89,44 @@ static int snd_pcm_control_ioctl(struct snd_card *card,
 			struct snd_pcm *pcm;
 			struct snd_pcm_str *pstr;
 			struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
+			int err;
+
 			info = (struct snd_pcm_info __user *)arg;
 			if (get_user(device, &info->device))
 				return -EFAULT;
-			if (device >= SNDRV_PCM_DEVICES)
-				return -ENXIO;
-			pcm = snd_pcm_devices[tmp + device];
-			if (pcm == NULL)
-				return -ENXIO;
 			if (get_user(stream, &info->stream))
 				return -EFAULT;
 			if (stream < 0 || stream > 1)
 				return -EINVAL;
-			pstr = &pcm->streams[stream];
-			if (pstr->substream_count == 0)
-				return -ENOENT;
 			if (get_user(subdevice, &info->subdevice))
 				return -EFAULT;
-			if (subdevice >= pstr->substream_count)
-				return -ENXIO;
-			for (substream = pstr->substream; substream; substream = substream->next)
+			down(&register_mutex);
+			pcm = snd_pcm_search(card, device);
+			if (pcm == NULL) {
+				err = -ENXIO;
+				goto _error;
+			}
+			pstr = &pcm->streams[stream];
+			if (pstr->substream_count == 0) {
+				err = -ENOENT;
+				goto _error;
+			}
+			if (subdevice >= pstr->substream_count) {
+				err = -ENXIO;
+				goto _error;
+			}
+			for (substream = pstr->substream; substream;
+			     substream = substream->next)
 				if (substream->number == (int)subdevice)
 					break;
-			if (substream == NULL)
-				return -ENXIO;
-			return snd_pcm_info_user(substream, info);
+			if (substream == NULL) {
+				err = -ENXIO;
+				goto _error;
+			}
+			err = snd_pcm_info_user(substream, info);
+		_error:
+			up(&register_mutex);
+			return err;
 		}
 	case SNDRV_CTL_IOCTL_PCM_PREFER_SUBDEVICE:
 		{
@@ -865,8 +890,7 @@ void snd_pcm_release_substream(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 
 static int snd_pcm_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
 {
-	int idx, cidx, err;
-	unsigned short minor;
+	int cidx, err;
 	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
 	struct list_head *list;
 	char str[16];
@@ -874,12 +898,11 @@ static int snd_pcm_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
 
 	snd_assert(pcm != NULL && device != NULL, return -ENXIO);
 	down(&register_mutex);
-	idx = (pcm->card->number * SNDRV_PCM_DEVICES) + pcm->device;
-	if (snd_pcm_devices[idx]) {
+	if (snd_pcm_search(pcm->card, pcm->device)) {
 		up(&register_mutex);
 		return -EBUSY;
 	}
-	snd_pcm_devices[idx] = pcm;
+	list_add_tail(&pcm->list, &snd_pcm_devices);
 	for (cidx = 0; cidx < 2; cidx++) {
 		int devtype = -1;
 		if (pcm->streams[cidx].substream == NULL)
@@ -887,20 +910,19 @@ static int snd_pcm_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
 		switch (cidx) {
 		case SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK:
 			sprintf(str, "pcmC%iD%ip", pcm->card->number, pcm->device);
-			minor = SNDRV_MINOR_PCM_PLAYBACK + idx;
 			devtype = SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_PLAYBACK;
 			break;
 		case SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE:
 			sprintf(str, "pcmC%iD%ic", pcm->card->number, pcm->device);
-			minor = SNDRV_MINOR_PCM_CAPTURE + idx;
 			devtype = SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_CAPTURE;
 			break;
 		}
 		if ((err = snd_register_device(devtype, pcm->card,
 					       pcm->device,
-					       &snd_pcm_f_ops[cidx], str)) < 0)
+					       &snd_pcm_f_ops[cidx],
+					       pcm, str)) < 0)
 		{
-			snd_pcm_devices[idx] = NULL;
+			list_del(&pcm->list);
 			up(&register_mutex);
 			return err;
 		}
@@ -921,11 +943,10 @@ static int snd_pcm_dev_disconnect(struct snd_device *device)
 	struct snd_pcm *pcm = device->device_data;
 	struct list_head *list;
 	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
-	int idx, cidx;
+	int cidx;
 
 	down(&register_mutex);
-	idx = (pcm->card->number * SNDRV_PCM_DEVICES) + pcm->device;
-	snd_pcm_devices[idx] = NULL;
+	list_del_init(&pcm->list);
 	for (cidx = 0; cidx < 2; cidx++)
 		for (substream = pcm->streams[cidx].substream; substream; substream = substream->next)
 			if (substream->runtime)
@@ -941,15 +962,14 @@ static int snd_pcm_dev_disconnect(struct snd_device *device)
 
 static int snd_pcm_dev_unregister(struct snd_device *device)
 {
-	int idx, cidx, devtype;
+	int cidx, devtype;
 	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
 	struct list_head *list;
 	struct snd_pcm *pcm = device->device_data;
 
 	snd_assert(pcm != NULL, return -ENXIO);
 	down(&register_mutex);
-	idx = (pcm->card->number * SNDRV_PCM_DEVICES) + pcm->device;
-	snd_pcm_devices[idx] = NULL;
+	list_del(&pcm->list);
 	for (cidx = 0; cidx < 2; cidx++) {
 		devtype = -1;
 		switch (cidx) {
@@ -975,24 +995,19 @@ static int snd_pcm_dev_unregister(struct snd_device *device)
 
 int snd_pcm_notify(struct snd_pcm_notify *notify, int nfree)
 {
-	int idx;
+	struct list_head *p;
 
 	snd_assert(notify != NULL && notify->n_register != NULL && notify->n_unregister != NULL, return -EINVAL);
 	down(&register_mutex);
 	if (nfree) {
 		list_del(&notify->list);
-		for (idx = 0; idx < SNDRV_CARDS * SNDRV_PCM_DEVICES; idx++) {
-			if (snd_pcm_devices[idx] == NULL)
-				continue;
-			notify->n_unregister(snd_pcm_devices[idx]);
-		}
+		list_for_each(p, &snd_pcm_devices)
+			notify->n_unregister(list_entry(p,
+							struct snd_pcm, list));
 	} else {
 		list_add_tail(&notify->list, &snd_pcm_notify_list);
-		for (idx = 0; idx < SNDRV_CARDS * SNDRV_PCM_DEVICES; idx++) {
-			if (snd_pcm_devices[idx] == NULL)
-				continue;
-			notify->n_register(snd_pcm_devices[idx]);
-		}
+		list_for_each(p, &snd_pcm_devices)
+			notify->n_register(list_entry(p, struct snd_pcm, list));
 	}
 	up(&register_mutex);
 	return 0;
@@ -1005,16 +1020,14 @@ int snd_pcm_notify(struct snd_pcm_notify *notify, int nfree)
 static void snd_pcm_proc_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
 			      struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
 {
-	int idx;
+	struct list_head *p;
 	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
 
 	down(&register_mutex);
-	for (idx = 0; idx < SNDRV_CARDS * SNDRV_PCM_DEVICES; idx++) {
-		pcm = snd_pcm_devices[idx];
-		if (pcm == NULL)
-			continue;
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "%02i-%02i: %s : %s", idx / SNDRV_PCM_DEVICES,
-			    idx % SNDRV_PCM_DEVICES, pcm->id, pcm->name);
+	list_for_each(p, &snd_pcm_devices) {
+		pcm = list_entry(p, struct snd_pcm, list);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "%02i-%02i: %s : %s",
+			    pcm->card->number, pcm->device, pcm->id, pcm->name);
 		if (pcm->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK].substream)
 			snd_iprintf(buffer, " : playback %i",
 				    pcm->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK].substream_count);
@@ -1063,7 +1076,6 @@ static void __exit alsa_pcm_exit(void)
 module_init(alsa_pcm_init)
 module_exit(alsa_pcm_exit)
 
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_devices);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_new);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_new_stream);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_notify);
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm_native.c b/sound/core/pcm_native.c
index bb40c01..9010306 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm_native.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm_native.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ static int snd_pcm_hw_refine_old_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 				      struct snd_pcm_hw_params_old __user * _oparams);
 static int snd_pcm_hw_params_old_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 				      struct snd_pcm_hw_params_old __user * _oparams);
+static int snd_pcm_open(struct file *file, struct snd_pcm *pcm, int stream);
 
 /*
  *
@@ -1554,7 +1555,8 @@ static struct file *snd_pcm_file_fd(int fd)
 {
 	struct file *file;
 	struct inode *inode;
-	unsigned short minor;
+	unsigned int minor;
+
 	file = fget(fd);
 	if (!file)
 		return NULL;
@@ -1565,8 +1567,8 @@ static struct file *snd_pcm_file_fd(int fd)
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	minor = iminor(inode);
-	if (minor >= 256 || 
-	    minor % SNDRV_MINOR_DEVICES < SNDRV_MINOR_PCM_PLAYBACK) {
+	if (!snd_lookup_minor_data(minor, SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_PLAYBACK) &&
+	    !snd_lookup_minor_data(minor, SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_CAPTURE)) {
 		fput(file);
 		return NULL;
 	}
@@ -2071,18 +2073,30 @@ static int snd_pcm_open_file(struct file *file,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int snd_pcm_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+static int snd_pcm_playback_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
+
+	pcm = snd_lookup_minor_data(iminor(inode),
+				    SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_PLAYBACK);
+	return snd_pcm_open(file, pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK);
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_capture_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 {
-	int cardnum = SNDRV_MINOR_CARD(iminor(inode));
-	int device = SNDRV_MINOR_DEVICE(iminor(inode));
-	int err;
 	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
+
+	pcm = snd_lookup_minor_data(iminor(inode),
+				    SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_CAPTURE);
+	return snd_pcm_open(file, pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE);
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_open(struct file *file, struct snd_pcm *pcm, int stream)
+{
+	int err;
 	struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
 	wait_queue_t wait;
 
-	if (device < SNDRV_MINOR_PCM_PLAYBACK || device >= SNDRV_MINOR_DEVICES)
-		return -ENXIO;
-	pcm = snd_pcm_devices[(cardnum * SNDRV_PCM_DEVICES) + (device % SNDRV_MINOR_PCMS)];
 	if (pcm == NULL) {
 		err = -ENODEV;
 		goto __error1;
@@ -2098,7 +2112,7 @@ static int snd_pcm_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 	add_wait_queue(&pcm->open_wait, &wait);
 	down(&pcm->open_mutex);
 	while (1) {
-		err = snd_pcm_open_file(file, pcm, device >= SNDRV_MINOR_PCM_CAPTURE ? SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE : SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &pcm_file);
+		err = snd_pcm_open_file(file, pcm, stream, &pcm_file);
 		if (err >= 0)
 			break;
 		if (err == -EAGAIN) {
@@ -3375,7 +3389,7 @@ struct file_operations snd_pcm_f_ops[2] = {
 		.owner =		THIS_MODULE,
 		.write =		snd_pcm_write,
 		.writev =		snd_pcm_writev,
-		.open =			snd_pcm_open,
+		.open =			snd_pcm_playback_open,
 		.release =		snd_pcm_release,
 		.poll =			snd_pcm_playback_poll,
 		.unlocked_ioctl =	snd_pcm_playback_ioctl,
@@ -3387,7 +3401,7 @@ struct file_operations snd_pcm_f_ops[2] = {
 		.owner =		THIS_MODULE,
 		.read =			snd_pcm_read,
 		.readv =		snd_pcm_readv,
-		.open =			snd_pcm_open,
+		.open =			snd_pcm_capture_open,
 		.release =		snd_pcm_release,
 		.poll =			snd_pcm_capture_poll,
 		.unlocked_ioctl =	snd_pcm_capture_ioctl,
diff --git a/sound/core/rawmidi.c b/sound/core/rawmidi.c
index 7ac77e5..e6ee0d8 100644
--- a/sound/core/rawmidi.c
+++ b/sound/core/rawmidi.c
@@ -56,10 +56,22 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_dev_register(struct snd_device *device);
 static int snd_rawmidi_dev_disconnect(struct snd_device *device);
 static int snd_rawmidi_dev_unregister(struct snd_device *device);
 
-static struct snd_rawmidi *snd_rawmidi_devices[SNDRV_CARDS * SNDRV_RAWMIDI_DEVICES];
-
+static LIST_HEAD(snd_rawmidi_devices);
 static DECLARE_MUTEX(register_mutex);
 
+static struct snd_rawmidi *snd_rawmidi_search(struct snd_card *card, int device)
+{
+	struct list_head *p;
+	struct snd_rawmidi *rawmidi;
+
+	list_for_each(p, &snd_rawmidi_devices) {
+		rawmidi = list_entry(p, struct snd_rawmidi, list);
+		if (rawmidi->card == card && rawmidi->device == device)
+			return rawmidi;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 static inline unsigned short snd_rawmidi_file_flags(struct file *file)
 {
 	switch (file->f_mode & (FMODE_READ | FMODE_WRITE)) {
@@ -214,7 +226,7 @@ int snd_rawmidi_drain_input(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int snd_rawmidi_kernel_open(int cardnum, int device, int subdevice,
+int snd_rawmidi_kernel_open(struct snd_card *card, int device, int subdevice,
 			    int mode, struct snd_rawmidi_file * rfile)
 {
 	struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
@@ -225,7 +237,9 @@ int snd_rawmidi_kernel_open(int cardnum, int device, int subdevice,
 
 	if (rfile)
 		rfile->input = rfile->output = NULL;
-	rmidi = snd_rawmidi_devices[(cardnum * SNDRV_RAWMIDI_DEVICES) + device];
+	down(&register_mutex);
+	rmidi = snd_rawmidi_search(card, device);
+	up(&register_mutex);
 	if (rmidi == NULL) {
 		err = -ENODEV;
 		goto __error1;
@@ -368,9 +382,8 @@ int snd_rawmidi_kernel_open(int cardnum, int device, int subdevice,
 static int snd_rawmidi_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 {
 	int maj = imajor(inode);
-	int cardnum;
 	struct snd_card *card;
-	int device, subdevice;
+	int subdevice;
 	unsigned short fflags;
 	int err;
 	struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
@@ -380,27 +393,18 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 	struct snd_ctl_file *kctl;
 
 	if (maj == snd_major) {
-		cardnum = SNDRV_MINOR_CARD(iminor(inode));
-		cardnum %= SNDRV_CARDS;
-		device = SNDRV_MINOR_DEVICE(iminor(inode)) - SNDRV_MINOR_RAWMIDI;
-		device %= SNDRV_MINOR_RAWMIDIS;
+		rmidi = snd_lookup_minor_data(iminor(inode),
+					      SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_RAWMIDI);
 #ifdef CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL
 	} else if (maj == SOUND_MAJOR) {
-		cardnum = SNDRV_MINOR_OSS_CARD(iminor(inode));
-		cardnum %= SNDRV_CARDS;
-		device = SNDRV_MINOR_OSS_DEVICE(iminor(inode)) == SNDRV_MINOR_OSS_MIDI ?
-			midi_map[cardnum] : amidi_map[cardnum];
+		rmidi = snd_lookup_oss_minor_data(iminor(inode),
+						  SNDRV_OSS_DEVICE_TYPE_MIDI);
 #endif
 	} else
 		return -ENXIO;
 
-	rmidi = snd_rawmidi_devices[(cardnum * SNDRV_RAWMIDI_DEVICES) + device];
 	if (rmidi == NULL)
 		return -ENODEV;
-#ifdef CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL
-	if (maj == SOUND_MAJOR && !rmidi->ossreg)
-		return -ENXIO;
-#endif
 	if ((file->f_flags & O_APPEND) && !(file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)) 
 		return -EINVAL;		/* invalid combination */
 	card = rmidi->card;
@@ -430,7 +434,8 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 			}
 		}
 		up_read(&card->controls_rwsem);
-		err = snd_rawmidi_kernel_open(cardnum, device, subdevice, fflags, rawmidi_file);
+		err = snd_rawmidi_kernel_open(rmidi->card, rmidi->device,
+					      subdevice, fflags, rawmidi_file);
 		if (err >= 0)
 			break;
 		if (err == -EAGAIN) {
@@ -570,9 +575,10 @@ int snd_rawmidi_info_select(struct snd_card *card, struct snd_rawmidi_info *info
 	struct snd_rawmidi_str *pstr;
 	struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream;
 	struct list_head *list;
-	if (info->device >= SNDRV_RAWMIDI_DEVICES)
-		return -ENXIO;
-	rmidi = snd_rawmidi_devices[card->number * SNDRV_RAWMIDI_DEVICES + info->device];
+
+	down(&register_mutex);
+	rmidi = snd_rawmidi_search(card, info->device);
+	up(&register_mutex);
 	if (!rmidi)
 		return -ENXIO;
 	if (info->stream < 0 || info->stream > 1)
@@ -803,9 +809,7 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_control_ioctl(struct snd_card *card,
 				     unsigned long arg)
 {
 	void __user *argp = (void __user *)arg;
-	unsigned int tmp;
 
-	tmp = card->number * SNDRV_RAWMIDI_DEVICES;
 	switch (cmd) {
 	case SNDRV_CTL_IOCTL_RAWMIDI_NEXT_DEVICE:
 	{
@@ -813,14 +817,16 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_control_ioctl(struct snd_card *card,
 		
 		if (get_user(device, (int __user *)argp))
 			return -EFAULT;
+		down(&register_mutex);
 		device = device < 0 ? 0 : device + 1;
 		while (device < SNDRV_RAWMIDI_DEVICES) {
-			if (snd_rawmidi_devices[tmp + device])
+			if (snd_rawmidi_search(card, device))
 				break;
 			device++;
 		}
 		if (device == SNDRV_RAWMIDI_DEVICES)
 			device = -1;
+		up(&register_mutex);
 		if (put_user(device, (int __user *)argp))
 			return -EFAULT;
 		return 0;
@@ -1493,7 +1499,7 @@ static void snd_rawmidi_dev_seq_free(struct snd_seq_device *device)
 
 static int snd_rawmidi_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
 {
-	int idx, err;
+	int err;
 	struct snd_info_entry *entry;
 	char name[16];
 	struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi = device->device_data;
@@ -1501,25 +1507,24 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
 	if (rmidi->device >= SNDRV_RAWMIDI_DEVICES)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	down(&register_mutex);
-	idx = (rmidi->card->number * SNDRV_RAWMIDI_DEVICES) + rmidi->device;
-	if (snd_rawmidi_devices[idx] != NULL) {
+	if (snd_rawmidi_search(rmidi->card, rmidi->device)) {
 		up(&register_mutex);
 		return -EBUSY;
 	}
-	snd_rawmidi_devices[idx] = rmidi;
+	list_add_tail(&rmidi->list, &snd_rawmidi_devices);
 	sprintf(name, "midiC%iD%i", rmidi->card->number, rmidi->device);
 	if ((err = snd_register_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_RAWMIDI,
 				       rmidi->card, rmidi->device,
-				       &snd_rawmidi_f_ops, name)) < 0) {
+				       &snd_rawmidi_f_ops, rmidi, name)) < 0) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unable to register rawmidi device %i:%i\n", rmidi->card->number, rmidi->device);
-		snd_rawmidi_devices[idx] = NULL;
+		list_del(&rmidi->list);
 		up(&register_mutex);
 		return err;
 	}
 	if (rmidi->ops && rmidi->ops->dev_register &&
 	    (err = rmidi->ops->dev_register(rmidi)) < 0) {
 		snd_unregister_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_RAWMIDI, rmidi->card, rmidi->device);
-		snd_rawmidi_devices[idx] = NULL;
+		list_del(&rmidi->list);
 		up(&register_mutex);
 		return err;
 	}
@@ -1527,8 +1532,8 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
 	rmidi->ossreg = 0;
 	if ((int)rmidi->device == midi_map[rmidi->card->number]) {
 		if (snd_register_oss_device(SNDRV_OSS_DEVICE_TYPE_MIDI,
-					    rmidi->card, 0,
-					    &snd_rawmidi_f_ops, name) < 0) {
+					    rmidi->card, 0, &snd_rawmidi_f_ops,
+					    rmidi, name) < 0) {
 			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unable to register OSS rawmidi device %i:%i\n", rmidi->card->number, 0);
 		} else {
 			rmidi->ossreg++;
@@ -1539,8 +1544,8 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
 	}
 	if ((int)rmidi->device == amidi_map[rmidi->card->number]) {
 		if (snd_register_oss_device(SNDRV_OSS_DEVICE_TYPE_MIDI,
-					    rmidi->card, 1,
-					    &snd_rawmidi_f_ops, name) < 0) {
+					    rmidi->card, 1, &snd_rawmidi_f_ops,
+					    rmidi, name) < 0) {
 			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unable to register OSS rawmidi device %i:%i\n", rmidi->card->number, 1);
 		} else {
 			rmidi->ossreg++;
@@ -1576,24 +1581,20 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
 static int snd_rawmidi_dev_disconnect(struct snd_device *device)
 {
 	struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi = device->device_data;
-	int idx;
 
 	down(&register_mutex);
-	idx = (rmidi->card->number * SNDRV_RAWMIDI_DEVICES) + rmidi->device;
-	snd_rawmidi_devices[idx] = NULL;
+	list_del_init(&rmidi->list);
 	up(&register_mutex);
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int snd_rawmidi_dev_unregister(struct snd_device *device)
 {
-	int idx;
 	struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi = device->device_data;
 
 	snd_assert(rmidi != NULL, return -ENXIO);
 	down(&register_mutex);
-	idx = (rmidi->card->number * SNDRV_RAWMIDI_DEVICES) + rmidi->device;
-	snd_rawmidi_devices[idx] = NULL;
+	list_del(&rmidi->list);
 	if (rmidi->proc_entry) {
 		snd_info_unregister(rmidi->proc_entry);
 		rmidi->proc_entry = NULL;
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss.c b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss.c
index 61c0a41..4b51ab5 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss.c
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ register_device(void)
 	down(&register_mutex);
 	if ((rc = snd_register_oss_device(SNDRV_OSS_DEVICE_TYPE_SEQUENCER,
 					  NULL, 0,
-					  &seq_oss_f_ops,
+					  &seq_oss_f_ops, NULL,
 					  SNDRV_SEQ_OSS_DEVNAME)) < 0) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "can't register device seq\n");
 		up(&register_mutex);
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ register_device(void)
 	}
 	if ((rc = snd_register_oss_device(SNDRV_OSS_DEVICE_TYPE_MUSIC,
 					  NULL, 0,
-					  &seq_oss_f_ops,
+					  &seq_oss_f_ops, NULL,
 					  SNDRV_SEQ_OSS_DEVNAME)) < 0) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "can't register device music\n");
 		snd_unregister_oss_device(SNDRV_OSS_DEVICE_TYPE_SEQUENCER, NULL, 0);
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_clientmgr.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_clientmgr.c
index 087fdf3..c8bd37e 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_clientmgr.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_clientmgr.c
@@ -2531,7 +2531,7 @@ int __init snd_sequencer_device_init(void)
 		return -ERESTARTSYS;
 
 	if ((err = snd_register_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_SEQUENCER, NULL, 0,
-				       &snd_seq_f_ops, "seq")) < 0) {
+				       &snd_seq_f_ops, NULL, "seq")) < 0) {
 		up(&register_mutex);
 		return err;
 	}
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_midi.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_midi.c
index f88d2e3..0a65eb2 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_midi.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_midi.c
@@ -183,7 +183,10 @@ static int midisynth_subscribe(void *private_data, struct snd_seq_port_subscribe
 	struct snd_rawmidi_params params;
 
 	/* open midi port */
-	if ((err = snd_rawmidi_kernel_open(msynth->card->number, msynth->device, msynth->subdevice, SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_INPUT, &msynth->input_rfile)) < 0) {
+	if ((err = snd_rawmidi_kernel_open(msynth->card, msynth->device,
+					   msynth->subdevice,
+					   SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_INPUT,
+					   &msynth->input_rfile)) < 0) {
 		snd_printd("midi input open failed!!!\n");
 		return err;
 	}
@@ -221,7 +224,10 @@ static int midisynth_use(void *private_data, struct snd_seq_port_subscribe *info
 	struct snd_rawmidi_params params;
 
 	/* open midi port */
-	if ((err = snd_rawmidi_kernel_open(msynth->card->number, msynth->device, msynth->subdevice, SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_OUTPUT, &msynth->output_rfile)) < 0) {
+	if ((err = snd_rawmidi_kernel_open(msynth->card, msynth->device,
+					   msynth->subdevice,
+					   SNDRV_RAWMIDI_LFLG_OUTPUT,
+					   &msynth->output_rfile)) < 0) {
 		snd_printd("midi output open failed!!!\n");
 		return err;
 	}
diff --git a/sound/core/sound.c b/sound/core/sound.c
index a509f49..1e5eca5 100644
--- a/sound/core/sound.c
+++ b/sound/core/sound.c
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ MODULE_ALIAS_CHARDEV_MAJOR(CONFIG_SND_MAJOR);
 int snd_ecards_limit;
 
 static struct snd_minor *snd_minors[SNDRV_OS_MINORS];
-
 static DECLARE_MUTEX(sound_mutex);
 
 extern struct class *sound_class;
@@ -107,6 +106,31 @@ static void snd_request_other(int minor)
 
 #endif				/* request_module support */
 
+/**
+ * snd_lookup_minor_data - get user data of a registered device
+ * @minor: the minor number
+ * @type: device type (SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_XXX)
+ *
+ * Checks that a minor device with the specified type is registered, and returns
+ * its user data pointer.
+ */
+void *snd_lookup_minor_data(unsigned int minor, int type)
+{
+	struct snd_minor *mreg;
+	void *private_data;
+
+	if (minor > ARRAY_SIZE(snd_minors))
+		return NULL;
+	down(&sound_mutex);
+	mreg = snd_minors[minor];
+	if (mreg && mreg->type == type)
+		private_data = mreg->private_data;
+	else
+		private_data = NULL;
+	up(&sound_mutex);
+	return private_data;
+}
+
 static int snd_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 {
 	int minor = iminor(inode);
@@ -183,6 +207,7 @@ static int snd_kernel_minor(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev)
  * @card: the card instance
  * @dev: the device index
  * @f_ops: the file operations
+ * @private_data: user pointer for f_ops->open()
  * @name: the device file name
  *
  * Registers an ALSA device file for the given card.
@@ -191,7 +216,8 @@ static int snd_kernel_minor(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev)
  * Retrurns zero if successful, or a negative error code on failure.
  */
 int snd_register_device(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev,
-			struct file_operations *f_ops, const char *name)
+			struct file_operations *f_ops, void *private_data,
+			const char *name)
 {
 	int minor = snd_kernel_minor(type, card, dev);
 	struct snd_minor *preg;
@@ -207,6 +233,7 @@ int snd_register_device(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev,
 	preg->card = card ? card->number : -1;
 	preg->device = dev;
 	preg->f_ops = f_ops;
+	preg->private_data = private_data;
 	strcpy(preg->name, name);
 	down(&sound_mutex);
 	if (snd_minors[minor]) {
@@ -238,13 +265,18 @@ int snd_register_device(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev,
  */
 int snd_unregister_device(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev)
 {
-	int minor = snd_kernel_minor(type, card, dev);
+	int cardnum, minor;
 	struct snd_minor *mptr;
 
-	if (minor < 0)
-		return minor;
+	cardnum = card ? card->number : -1;
 	down(&sound_mutex);
-	if ((mptr = snd_minors[minor]) == NULL) {
+	for (minor = 0; minor < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_minors); ++minor)
+		if ((mptr = snd_minors[minor]) != NULL &&
+		    mptr->type == type &&
+		    mptr->card == cardnum &&
+		    mptr->device == dev)
+			break;
+	if (minor == ARRAY_SIZE(snd_minors)) {
 		up(&sound_mutex);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
@@ -392,9 +424,11 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_request_card);
 #endif
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_register_device);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_unregister_device);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_lookup_minor_data);
 #if defined(CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL)
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_register_oss_device);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_unregister_oss_device);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_lookup_oss_minor_data);
 #endif
   /* memory.c */
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(copy_to_user_fromio);
diff --git a/sound/core/sound_oss.c b/sound/core/sound_oss.c
index afbfd8d..b9e89ca 100644
--- a/sound/core/sound_oss.c
+++ b/sound/core/sound_oss.c
@@ -38,9 +38,25 @@
 #define SNDRV_OSS_MINORS 128
 
 static struct snd_minor *snd_oss_minors[SNDRV_OSS_MINORS];
-
 static DECLARE_MUTEX(sound_oss_mutex);
 
+void *snd_lookup_oss_minor_data(unsigned int minor, int type)
+{
+	struct snd_minor *mreg;
+	void *private_data;
+
+	if (minor > ARRAY_SIZE(snd_oss_minors))
+		return NULL;
+	down(&sound_oss_mutex);
+	mreg = snd_oss_minors[minor];
+	if (mreg && mreg->type == type)
+		private_data = mreg->private_data;
+	else
+		private_data = NULL;
+	up(&sound_oss_mutex);
+	return private_data;
+}
+
 static int snd_oss_kernel_minor(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev)
 {
 	int minor;
@@ -78,7 +94,8 @@ static int snd_oss_kernel_minor(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev)
 }
 
 int snd_register_oss_device(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev,
-			    struct file_operations *f_ops, const char *name)
+			    struct file_operations *f_ops, void *private_data,
+			    const char *name)
 {
 	int minor = snd_oss_kernel_minor(type, card, dev);
 	int minor_unit;
@@ -97,6 +114,7 @@ int snd_register_oss_device(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev,
 	preg->card = card ? card->number : -1;
 	preg->device = dev;
 	preg->f_ops = f_ops;
+	preg->private_data = private_data;
 	down(&sound_oss_mutex);
 	snd_oss_minors[minor] = preg;
 	minor_unit = SNDRV_MINOR_OSS_DEVICE(minor);
@@ -121,6 +139,7 @@ int snd_register_oss_device(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev,
 							  carddev);
 		if (register2 != track2)
 			goto __end;
+		snd_oss_minors[track2] = preg;
 	}
 	up(&sound_oss_mutex);
 	return 0;
@@ -163,8 +182,10 @@ int snd_unregister_oss_device(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev)
 		track2 = SNDRV_MINOR_OSS(cidx, SNDRV_MINOR_OSS_DMMIDI1);
 		break;
 	}
-	if (track2 >= 0)
+	if (track2 >= 0) {
 		unregister_sound_special(track2);
+		snd_oss_minors[track2] = NULL;
+	}
 	snd_oss_minors[minor] = NULL;
 	up(&sound_oss_mutex);
 	kfree(mptr);
diff --git a/sound/core/timer.c b/sound/core/timer.c
index a7bcb04..c62dbac 100644
--- a/sound/core/timer.c
+++ b/sound/core/timer.c
@@ -1952,8 +1952,8 @@ static int __init alsa_timer_init(void)
 	if ((err = snd_timer_register_system()) < 0)
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unable to register system timer (%i)\n",
 			   err);
-	if ((err = snd_register_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_TIMER,
-				       NULL, 0, &snd_timer_f_ops, "timer")) < 0)
+	if ((err = snd_register_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_TIMER, NULL, 0,
+				       &snd_timer_f_ops, NULL, "timer")) < 0)
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unable to register timer device (%i)\n",
 			   err);
 	return 0;