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Diffstat (limited to 'x11vnc/README')
| -rw-r--r-- | x11vnc/README | 1470 |
1 files changed, 744 insertions, 726 deletions
diff --git a/x11vnc/README b/x11vnc/README index 67c1f54..bb2f99c 100644 --- a/x11vnc/README +++ b/x11vnc/README @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -x11vnc README file Date: Sat Jul 15 12:13:51 EDT 2006 +x11vnc README file Date: Mon Jul 17 09:29:19 EDT 2006 The following information is taken from these URLs: @@ -1185,23 +1185,27 @@ make running on my handheld or PC using the Linux console framebuffer (i.e. not X11)? - [210]Q-94: Can I use x11vnc to record a Shock Wave Flash (or other + [210]Q-94: Now that non-X11 devices can be exported via VNC using + x11vnc, can I build it with no dependencies on X11 header files and + libraries? + + [211]Q-95: Can I use x11vnc to record a Shock Wave Flash (or other format) video of my desktop, e.g. to record a tutorial or demo? [Misc: Clipboard, File Transfer, Sound, Beeps, Thanks, etc.] - [211]Q-95: Does the Clipboard/Selection get transferred between the + [212]Q-96: Does the Clipboard/Selection get transferred between the vncviewer and the X display? - [212]Q-96: Can I transfer files back and forth with x11vnc? + [213]Q-97: Can I transfer files back and forth with x11vnc? - [213]Q-97: How can I hear the sound (audio) from the remote + [214]Q-98: How can I hear the sound (audio) from the remote applications on the desktop I am viewing via x11vnc? - [214]Q-98: Why don't I hear the "Beeps" in my X session (e.g. when + [215]Q-99: Why don't I hear the "Beeps" in my X session (e.g. when typing tput bel in an xterm)? - [215]Q-99: Thanks for your program and for your help! Can I make a + [216]Q-100: Thanks for your program and for your help! Can I make a donation? _________________________________________________________________ @@ -1214,7 +1218,7 @@ make For the former error, you need to specify the X display to connect to (it also needs to be on the same machine the x11vnc process is to run - on). Set your DISPLAY environment variable or use the [216]-display + on). Set your DISPLAY environment variable or use the [217]-display option to specify it. Nearly always the correct value will be ":0" (in fact, x11vnc will now assume :0 if given no other information). @@ -1232,7 +1236,7 @@ make How to Solve: See the xauth(1), Xsecurity(7), and xhost(1) man pages for much info on X11 permissions. For example, you may need to set - your XAUTHORITY environment variable or use the [217]-auth option to + your XAUTHORITY environment variable or use the [218]-auth option to point to the correct MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE file (e.g. /home/joe/.Xauthority or /var/gdm/:0.Xauth or /var/lib/kdm/A:0-crWk72K or /tmp/.gdmzndVlR, etc.), or simply be sure you run x11vnc as the correct user (i.e. the @@ -1254,7 +1258,7 @@ make x11vnc -display :0 -auth /var/gdm/:0.Xauth (this is for the display manager gdm and requires root permission to - read the gdm cookie file, see [218]this faq for other display manager + read the gdm cookie file, see [219]this faq for other display manager cookie file names). While running x11vnc as root, remember it comes with no warranty ;-). @@ -1264,7 +1268,7 @@ make (from the same machine). The person could then type "xhost -localhost" after x11vnc has connected to go back to the default permissions. Also, for some situations the "-users lurk=" option may be of use - (please read the documentation on the [219]-users option). + (please read the documentation on the [220]-users option). To test out your X11 permissions from a remote shell, set DISPLAY and possibly XAUTHORITY (see your shell's man page, bash(1), tcsh(1), on @@ -1376,7 +1380,7 @@ h earlier and perhaps non-Solaris): First use the environment settings (CPPFLAGS, LDFLAGS, etc.) in the - above [220]Solaris build script to run the configure command. That + above [221]Solaris build script to run the configure command. That should succeed without failure. Then you have to hand edit the autogenerated rfb/rfbconfig.h file in the source tree, and just before the last #endif at the bottom of that file insert these workaround @@ -1402,7 +1406,7 @@ typedef unsigned int in_addr_t; on other older OS (Solaris, Linux, ...) releases. Here are some notes for similar steps that need to be done to build on - [221]SunOS 4.x + [222]SunOS 4.x Please let us know if you had to use the above workaround (and whether it worked or not). If there is enough demand we will try to push clean @@ -1412,28 +1416,28 @@ typedef unsigned int in_addr_t; Q-5: Where can I get a precompiled x11vnc binary for my Operating System? - Hopefully the [222]build steps above and [223]FAQ provide enough info + Hopefully the [223]build steps above and [224]FAQ provide enough info for a painless compile for most environments. Please report problems with the x11vnc configure, make, etc. on your system (if your system is known to compile other GNU packages successfully). There are precompiled x11vnc binaries built by other groups that are available at the following locations: - Debian: (.deb) [224]http://packages.debian.org/x11vnc - - Slackware: (.tgz) [225]http://www.linuxpackages.net/ Redhat/Fedora: - (.rpm) [226]http://dag.wieers.com/packages/x11vnc/ - [227]http://dries.ulyssis.org/rpm/packages/x11vnc SuSE: (.rpm) - [228]http://linux01.gwdg.de/~pbleser/ Solaris: (pkg) - [229]http://www.sunfreeware.com/ FreeBSD: (.tbz) - [230]http://www.freebsd.org/ [231]http://www.freshports.org/net/x11vnc - OpenBSD: (.tgz) [232]http://www.openbsd.org/ NetBSD: (src) - [233]http://pkgsrc.se/x11/x11vnc Nokia 770 (.deb) - [234]http://mike.saunby.net/770/x11vnc/ Sharp Zaurus - [235]http://www.pdaxrom.org/ and [236]http://www.focv.com/ + Debian: (.deb) [225]http://packages.debian.org/x11vnc + + Slackware: (.tgz) [226]http://www.linuxpackages.net/ Redhat/Fedora: + (.rpm) [227]http://dag.wieers.com/packages/x11vnc/ + [228]http://dries.ulyssis.org/rpm/packages/x11vnc SuSE: (.rpm) + [229]http://linux01.gwdg.de/~pbleser/ Solaris: (pkg) + [230]http://www.sunfreeware.com/ FreeBSD: (.tbz) + [231]http://www.freebsd.org/ [232]http://www.freshports.org/net/x11vnc + OpenBSD: (.tgz) [233]http://www.openbsd.org/ NetBSD: (src) + [234]http://pkgsrc.se/x11/x11vnc Nokia 770 (.deb) + [235]http://mike.saunby.net/770/x11vnc/ Sharp Zaurus + [236]http://www.pdaxrom.org/ and [237]http://www.focv.com/ If the above binaries don't work and building x11vnc on your OS fails - (and all else fails!) you can try one of [237]my collection of + (and all else fails!) you can try one of [238]my collection of binaries for various OS's and x11vnc releases. As a general note, the x11vnc program is simple enough you don't @@ -1454,10 +1458,10 @@ typedef unsigned int in_addr_t; To obtain VNC viewers for the viewing side (Windows, Mac OS, or Unix) try here: - * [238]http://www.tightvnc.com/download.html - * [239]http://www.realvnc.com/download-free.html - * [240]http://sourceforge.net/projects/cotvnc/ - * [241]http://www.ultravnc.com/ + * [239]http://www.tightvnc.com/download.html + * [240]http://www.realvnc.com/download-free.html + * [241]http://sourceforge.net/projects/cotvnc/ + * [242]http://www.ultravnc.com/ Q-7: How can I see all of x11vnc's command line options and @@ -1465,7 +1469,7 @@ typedef unsigned int in_addr_t; Run: x11vnc -opts to list just the option names or run: x11vnc -help for long descriptions about each option. The output is listed - [242]here as well. Yes, x11vnc does have a lot of options, doesn't + [243]here as well. Yes, x11vnc does have a lot of options, doesn't it... @@ -1497,10 +1501,10 @@ display :0 program is needed for operation. The gui is not particularly user-friendly, it just provides a point and click mode to set all the many x11vnc parameters and obtain help on them. It is also very useful - for testing. See the [243]-gui option for more info. Examples: "x11vnc + for testing. See the [244]-gui option for more info. Examples: "x11vnc ... -gui" and "x11vnc ... -gui other:0" in the latter case the gui is displayed on other:0, not the X display x11vnc is polling. There is - also a "[244]-gui tray" system tray mode. + also a "[245]-gui tray" system tray mode. Q-9: How can I get the GUI to run in the System Tray, or at least be a @@ -1527,11 +1531,11 @@ display :0 Q-10: Can I make x11vnc more quiet and also go into the background after starting up? - Use the [245]-q and [246]-bg options, respectively. (also: -quiet is + Use the [246]-q and [247]-bg options, respectively. (also: -quiet is an alias for -q) Note that under -bg the stderr messages will be lost unless you use - the "[247]-o logfile" option. + the "[248]-o logfile" option. Q-11: Sometimes when a VNC viewer dies abruptly, x11vnc also dies with @@ -1552,7 +1556,7 @@ display :0 There are some options. They are enabled by adding something like -Dxxxx=1 to the CPPFLAGS environment variable before running configure - (see the [248]build notes for general background). + (see the [249]build notes for general background). /* * Mar/2006 * Build-time customization via CPPFLAGS. @@ -1623,21 +1627,21 @@ display :0 dual-screen mode to pass the keystrokes and mouse motions to the X11 display? - Yes, for best response start up x11vnc with the "[249]-nofb" option + Yes, for best response start up x11vnc with the "[250]-nofb" option (disables framebuffer polling, and does other optimizations) on the secondary display (X11) machine. Then start up Win2VNC on the primary display (Windows) referring it to the secondary display. - This will also work X11 to X11 using [250]x2vnc, however you would + This will also work X11 to X11 using [251]x2vnc, however you would probably just want to avoid VNC and use x2x for that. For reference, here are some links to Win2VNC-like programs for multiple monitor setups: - * [251]Original Win2VNC - * [252]Enhanced Win2VNC and [253]sourceforge link - * [254]x2vnc - * [255]x2x also [256]here - * [257]zvnc (MorphOS) + * [252]Original Win2VNC + * [253]Enhanced Win2VNC and [254]sourceforge link + * [255]x2vnc + * [256]x2x also [257]here + * [258]zvnc (MorphOS) All of them will work with x11vnc (except x2x where it is not needed). @@ -1657,7 +1661,7 @@ display :0 on your display to be depth 24 TrueColor? Sun machines often have 8+24 overlay/multi-depth visuals, and you can make the default visual depth 24 TrueColor (see fbconfig(1) and Xsun(1)). 2) As of Feb/2004 x11vnc - has the [258]-visual option to allow you to force the framebuffer + has the [259]-visual option to allow you to force the framebuffer visual to whatever you want (this usually messes up the colors unless you are very clever). In this case, the option provides a convenient workaround for the Win2VNC bug: @@ -1672,7 +1676,7 @@ display :0 PseudoColor (i.e. only 256 distinct colors). The x11vnc colors may start out OK, but after a while they are incorrect in certain windows. - Use the [259]-flashcmap option to have x11vnc watch for changes in the + Use the [260]-flashcmap option to have x11vnc watch for changes in the colormap, and propagate those changes back to connected clients. This can be slow (since the whole screen must be updated over the network whenever the colormap changes). This flashing colormap behavior often @@ -1681,13 +1685,13 @@ display :0 example of this. Consider reconfiguring the system to 16 bpp or depth 24 TrueColor if at all possible. - Also note the option [260]-8to24 (Jan/2006) can often remove the need + Also note the option [261]-8to24 (Jan/2006) can often remove the need for flashing the colormap. Everything is dynamically transformed to depth 24 at 32 bpp using the colormaps. There may be painting errors however (see the following FAQ for tips on reducing and correcting them). - In some rare cases the [261]-notruecolor option has corrected colors + In some rare cases the [262]-notruecolor option has corrected colors on 8bpp displays. The red, green, and blue masks were non-zero in 8bpp PseudoColor on an obscure setup, and this option corrected the problems. @@ -1698,13 +1702,13 @@ display :0 different color depths: e.g. there are both depth 8 and 24 visuals available at the same time. - You may want to review the [262]previous question regarding 8 bpp + You may want to review the [263]previous question regarding 8 bpp PseudoColor. - On some hardware (Sun/SPARC and SGI), the [263]-overlay option + On some hardware (Sun/SPARC and SGI), the [264]-overlay option discussed a couple paragraphs down may solve this for you (you may want to skip to it directly). On other hardware the less robust - [264]-8to24 option may help (also discussed below). + [265]-8to24 option may help (also discussed below). Run xdpyinfo(1) to see what the default visual is and what the depths of the other visuals are. Does the default visual have a depth of 8 @@ -1740,7 +1744,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 The -overlay mode: Another option is if the system with overlay visuals is a Sun system running Solaris or SGI running IRIX you can - use the [265]-overlay x11vnc option (Aug/2004) to have x11vnc use the + use the [266]-overlay x11vnc option (Aug/2004) to have x11vnc use the Solaris XReadScreen(3X11) function to poll the "true view" of the whole screen at depth 24 TrueColor. XReadDisplay(3X11) is used on IRIX. This is useful for Legacy applications (older versions of @@ -1765,7 +1769,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 Xsun, e.g. in your /etc/dt/config/Xservers file). - The -8to24 mode: The [266]-8to24 x11vnc option (Jan/2006) is a kludge + The -8to24 mode: The [267]-8to24 x11vnc option (Jan/2006) is a kludge to try to dynamically rewrite the pixel values so that the 8bpp part of the screen is mapped onto depth 24 TrueColor. This is less robust than the -overlay mode because it is done by x11vnc outside of the X @@ -1779,11 +1783,11 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 32bpp view is exported via VNC. Even on pure 8bpp displays it can be used as an alternative to - [267]-flashcmap to avoid color flashing completely. + [268]-flashcmap to avoid color flashing completely. This scheme is approximate and can often lead to painting errors. You can manually correct most painting errors by pressing 3 Alt_L's in a - row, or by using something like: [268]-fixscreen V=3.0 to + row, or by using something like: [269]-fixscreen V=3.0 to automatically refresh the screen every 3 seconds. Also -fixscreen 8=3.0 has been added to just refresh the non-default visual parts of the screen. @@ -1796,23 +1800,23 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 nogetimage can give a nice speedup if the default depth 24 X server supports hiding the 8bpp bits in bits 25-32 of the framebuffer data. On very slow machines -8to24 poll=0.2,cachewin=5.0 gives an useful - speedup. See the [269]-8to24 help description for information on + speedup. See the [270]-8to24 help description for information on tunable parameters, etc. Colors still not working correctly? Run xwininfo on the application with the incorrect colors to verify that the depth of its visual is different from the default visual depth (gotten from xdpyinfo). One - possible workaround in this case is to use the [270]-id option to + possible workaround in this case is to use the [271]-id option to point x11vnc at the application window itself. If the application is complicated (lots of toplevel windows and popup menus) this may not be acceptable, and may even crash x11vnc (but not the application). It is theoretically possible to solve this problem in general (see xwd(1) for example), but it does not seem trivial or sufficiently fast - for x11vnc to be able to do so in real time. The [271]-8to24 method + for x11vnc to be able to do so in real time. The [272]-8to24 method does this approximately and is somewhat usable. Fortunately the - [272]-overlay option works for Solaris machines with overlay visuals + [273]-overlay option works for Solaris machines with overlay visuals where most of this problem occurs. @@ -1823,9 +1827,9 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 the desired application window. After clicking, it will print out much information, including the window id (e.g. 0x6000010). Also, the visual and depth of the window printed out is often useful in - debugging x11vnc [273]color problems. + debugging x11vnc [274]color problems. - Also, as of Dec/2004 you can use "[274]-id pick" to have x11vnc run + Also, as of Dec/2004 you can use "[275]-id pick" to have x11vnc run xwininfo(1) for you and after you click the window it extracts the windowid. Besides "pick" there is also "id:root" to allow you to go back to root window when doing remote-control. @@ -1843,7 +1847,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 you should be able to see these transient windows. If things are not working and you still want to do the single window - polling, try the [275]-sid windowid option ("shifted" windowid). + polling, try the [276]-sid windowid option ("shifted" windowid). Q-19: My X display is depth 24 at 24bpp (instead of the normal depth @@ -1878,7 +1882,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 handle 24bpp from the server, so you may want to use those. They evidently request 32 bpp and libvncserver obliges. - Update: as of Apr/2006 you can use the [276]-24to32 option to have + Update: as of Apr/2006 you can use the [277]-24to32 option to have x11vnc dynamically transform the 24bpp pixel data to 32bpp. This extra transformation could slow things down further however. @@ -1897,15 +1901,15 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 since you will be polling the X display over the network as opposed to over the local hardware. To do this, run x11vnc on a UNIX machine as close as possible network-wise (e.g. same switch) to the Xterminal - machine. Use the [277]-display option to point the display to that of + machine. Use the [278]-display option to point the display to that of the Xterminal (you'll of course need basic X11 permission to do that) - and finally supply the [278]-noshm option (this enables the polling + and finally supply the [279]-noshm option (this enables the polling over the network). The response will likely be sluggish (maybe only one "frame" per second). This mode is not recommended except for "quick checks" of hard to get to X servers. Use something like "-wait 150" to cut down - on the polling rate. You may also need [279]-flipbyteorder if the + on the polling rate. You may also need [280]-flipbyteorder if the colors get messed up due to endian byte order differences. Q-21: How do I get my X permissions (MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE file) correct @@ -1929,7 +1933,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 copied to the Xterminal. If $HOME/.Xauthority is exported via NFS (this is insecure of course, but has been going on for decades), then x11vnc can simply pick it up via NFS (you may need to use the - [280]-auth option to point to the correct file). Other options include + [281]-auth option to point to the correct file). Other options include copying the auth file using scp, or something like: central-server> xauth nextract - xterm123:0 | ssh xterm123 xauth nmerge - @@ -1941,7 +1945,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 details. If the display name in the cookie file needs to be changed between the - two hosts, see [281]this note on the "xauth add ..." command. + two hosts, see [282]this note on the "xauth add ..." command. A less secure option is to run something like "xhost +127.0.0.1" while sitting at the Xterminal box to allow cookie-free local access for @@ -1955,7 +1959,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 occasional app more efficiently locally on the Xterminal box (e.g. realplayer). - Not recommended, but as a last resort, you could have x11vnc [282]poll + Not recommended, but as a last resort, you could have x11vnc [283]poll the Xterminal Display over the network. For this you would run a "x11vnc -noshm ..." process on the central-server (and hope the network admin doesn't get angry...) @@ -1984,13 +1988,13 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 Q-22: I'm having trouble using x11vnc with my Sun Ray session. - The [283]Sun Ray technology is a bit like "VNC done in hardware" (the + The [284]Sun Ray technology is a bit like "VNC done in hardware" (the Sun Ray terminal device, DTU, playing the role of the vncviewer). Completely independent of that, the SunRay user's session is still an X server that speaks the X11 protocol and so x11vnc simply talks to the X server part to export the SunRay desktop to any place in the world (i.e. not only to a Sun Ray terminal device), creating a sort of - "Soft Ray". Please see [284]this discussion of Sun Ray issues for + "Soft Ray". Please see [285]this discussion of Sun Ray issues for solutions to problems. [Remote Control] @@ -1998,18 +2002,18 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 Q-23: How do I stop x11vnc once it is running in the background? As of Dec/2004 there is a remote control feature. It can change a huge - amount of things on the fly: see the [285]-remote and [286]-query + amount of things on the fly: see the [286]-remote and [287]-query options. To shut down the running x11vnc server just type "x11vnc -R stop". To disconnect all clients do "x11vnc -R disconnect:all", etc. - If the [287]-forever option has not been supplied, x11vnc will + If the [288]-forever option has not been supplied, x11vnc will automatically exit after the first client disconnects. In general if you cannot use the remote control, then you will have to kill the x11vnc process This can be done via: "kill NNNNN" (where NNNNN is the x11vnc process id number found from ps(1)), or "pkill x11vnc", or "killall x11vnc" (Linux only). - If you have not put x11vnc in the background via the [288]-bg option + If you have not put x11vnc in the background via the [289]-bg option or shell & operator, then simply press Ctrl-C in the shell where x11vnc is running to stop it. @@ -2019,15 +2023,15 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 down state in the Xserver. Tapping the stuck key (either via a new x11vnc or at the physical console) will release it from the stuck state. If the keyboard seems to be acting strangely it is often fixed - by tapping Ctrl, Shift, and Alt. Alternatively, the [289]-clear_mods - option and [290]-clear_keys option can be used to release pressed keys + by tapping Ctrl, Shift, and Alt. Alternatively, the [290]-clear_mods + option and [291]-clear_keys option can be used to release pressed keys at startup and exit. Q-24: Can I change settings in x11vnc without having to restart it? Can I remote control it? - Look at the [291]-remote (same as -R) and [292]-query (same as -Q) + Look at the [292]-remote (same as -R) and [293]-query (same as -Q) options added in Dec/2004. They allow nearly everything to be changed dynamically and settings to be queried. Examples: "x11vnc -R shared", "x11vnc -R forever", "x11vnc -R scale:3/4", "x11vnc -Q modtweak", @@ -2038,7 +2042,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 correctly for communication to be possible. There is also a simple Tcl/Tk gui based on this remote control - mechanism. See the [293]-gui option for more info. You will need to + mechanism. See the [294]-gui option for more info. You will need to have Tcl/Tk (i.e. /usr/bin/wish) installed for it to work. It can also run in the system tray: "-gui tray" or as a standalone icon window: "-gui icon". @@ -2053,12 +2057,12 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 vncpasswd(1) program from those packages. As of Jun/2004 x11vnc supports the -storepasswd "pass" "file" - [294]option, which is the same functionality of storepasswd. Be sure + [295]option, which is the same functionality of storepasswd. Be sure to quote the "pass" if it contains shell meta characters, spaces, etc. Example: x11vnc -storepasswd 'sword*fish' $HOME/myvncpasswd - You then use the password via the x11vnc option: "[295]-rfbauth + You then use the password via the x11vnc option: "[296]-rfbauth $HOME/myvncpasswd" As of Jan/2006 if you do not supply any arguments: @@ -2070,11 +2074,11 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 ~/.mypass", the password you are prompted for will be stored in that file. - x11vnc also has the [296]-passwdfile and -passwd/-viewpasswd plain + x11vnc also has the [297]-passwdfile and -passwd/-viewpasswd plain text (i.e. not obscured like the -rfbauth VNC passwords) password options. - You can use the [297]-usepw option to automatically use any password + You can use the [298]-usepw option to automatically use any password file you have in ~/.vnc/passwd or ~/.vnc/passwdfile (the latter is used with the -passwdfile option). @@ -2106,14 +2110,14 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 Q-27: Can I have two passwords for VNC viewers, one for full access and the other for view-only access to the display? - Yes, as of May/2004 there is the [298]-viewpasswd option to supply the - view-only password. Note the full-access password option [299]-passwd + Yes, as of May/2004 there is the [299]-viewpasswd option to supply the + view-only password. Note the full-access password option [300]-passwd must be supplied at the same time. E.g.: -passwd sword -viewpasswd fish. To avoid specifying the passwords on the command line (where they could be observed via the ps(1) command by any user) you can use the - [300]-passwdfile option to specify a file containing plain text + [301]-passwdfile option to specify a file containing plain text passwords. Presumably this file is readable only by you, and ideally it is located on the machine x11vnc is run on (to avoid being snooped on over the network). The first line of this file is the full-access @@ -2121,7 +2125,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 it is taken as the view-only password. (use "__EMPTY__" to supply an empty one). - View-only passwords currently do not work for the [301]-rfbauth + View-only passwords currently do not work for the [302]-rfbauth password option (standard VNC password storing mechanism). FWIW, note that although the output (usually placed in $HOME/.vnc/passwd) by the vncpasswd or storepasswd programs (or from x11vnc -storepasswd) looks @@ -2134,7 +2138,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 Q-28: Can I have as many full-access and view-only passwords as I like? - Yes, as of Jan/2006 in the libvncserver CVS the [302]-passwdfile + Yes, as of Jan/2006 in the libvncserver CVS the [303]-passwdfile option has been extended to handle as many passwords as you like. You put the view-only passwords after a line __BEGIN_VIEWONLY__. @@ -2144,7 +2148,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 Q-29: Does x11vnc support Unix usernames and passwords? Can I further limit the set of Unix usernames who can connect to the VNC desktop? - Update: as of Feb/2006 x11vnc has the [303]-unixpw option that does + Update: as of Feb/2006 x11vnc has the [304]-unixpw option that does this outside of the VNC protocol and libvncserver. The standard su(1) program is used to validate the user's password. A familiar "login:" and "Password:" dialog is presented to the user on a black screen @@ -2154,7 +2158,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 A list of allowed Unix usernames may also be supplied along with per-user settings. - There is also the [304]-unixpw_nis option for non-shadow-password + There is also the [305]-unixpw_nis option for non-shadow-password (typically NIS environments, hence the name) systems where the traditional getpwnam() and crypt() functions are used instead of su(1). The encrypted user passwords must be accessible to the user @@ -2163,11 +2167,11 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 shadow(5). Two settings are enforced in the -unixpw and -unixpw_nis modes to - provide extra security: the 1) [305]-localhost and 2) [306]-stunnel or - [307]-ssl options. Without these one might send the Unix username and + provide extra security: the 1) [306]-localhost and 2) [307]-stunnel or + [308]-ssl options. Without these one might send the Unix username and password data in clear text over the network which is a very bad idea. They can be relaxed if you want to provide encryption other than - stunnel or [308]-ssl (the constraint is automatically relaxed if + stunnel or [309]-ssl (the constraint is automatically relaxed if SSH_CONNECTION is set and indicates you have ssh-ed in, however the -localhost requirement is still enforced). @@ -2186,13 +2190,13 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 approximate at best. One approximate method involves starting x11vnc with the - [309]-localhost option. This basically requires the viewer user to log + [310]-localhost option. This basically requires the viewer user to log into the workstation where x11vnc is running via their Unix username and password, and then somehow set up a port redirection of his vncviewer connection to make it appear to emanate from the local machine. As discussed above, ssh is useful for this: "ssh -L 5900:localhost:5900 user@hostname ..." See the ssh wrapper scripts - mentioned [310]elsewhere on this page. [311]stunnel does this as well. + mentioned [311]elsewhere on this page. [312]stunnel does this as well. Of course a malicious user could allow other users to get in through his channel, but that is a problem with every method. Another thing to @@ -2203,7 +2207,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 traditional way would be to further require a VNC password to supplied (-rfbauth, -passwd, etc) and only tell the people allowed in what the VNC password is. A scheme that avoids a second password involves using - the [312]-accept option that runs a program to examine the connection + the [313]-accept option that runs a program to examine the connection information to determine which user is connecting from the local machine. That may be difficult to do, but, for example, the program could use the ident service on the local machine (normally ident @@ -2242,15 +2246,15 @@ exit 1 # reject it These defaults are simple safety measures to avoid someone unknowingly leaving his X11 desktop exposed (to the internet, say) for long - periods of time. Use the [313]-forever option (aka -many) to have + periods of time. Use the [314]-forever option (aka -many) to have x11vnc wait for more connections after the first client disconnects. - Use the [314]-shared option to have x11vnc allow multiple clients to + Use the [315]-shared option to have x11vnc allow multiple clients to connect simultaneously. - Recommended additional safety measures include using ssh ([315]see - above), stunnel, [316]-ssl, or a VPN to authenticate and encrypt the + Recommended additional safety measures include using ssh ([316]see + above), stunnel, [317]-ssl, or a VPN to authenticate and encrypt the viewer connections or to at least use the -rfbauth passwd-file - [317]option to use VNC password protection (or [318]-passwdfile) It is + [318]option to use VNC password protection (or [319]-passwdfile) It is up to YOU to apply these security measures, they will not be done for you automatically. @@ -2258,7 +2262,7 @@ exit 1 # reject it Q-31: Can I limit which machines incoming VNC clients can connect from? - Yes, look at the [319]-allow and [320]-localhost options to limit + Yes, look at the [320]-allow and [321]-localhost options to limit connections by hostname or IP address. E.g. x11vnc -allow 192.168.0.1,192.168.0.2 @@ -2270,7 +2274,7 @@ exit 1 # reject it Note that -localhost achieves the same thing as "-allow 127.0.0.1" For more control, build libvncserver with libwrap support - [321](tcp_wrappers) and then use /etc/hosts.allow See hosts_access(5) + [322](tcp_wrappers) and then use /etc/hosts.allow See hosts_access(5) for complete details. @@ -2290,7 +2294,7 @@ exit 1 # reject it is "vnc", e.g.: vnc: 192.168.100.3 .example.com - Note that if you run x11vnc out of [322]inetd you do not need to build + Note that if you run x11vnc out of [323]inetd you do not need to build x11vnc with libwrap support because the /usr/sbin/tcpd reference in /etc/inetd.conf handles the tcp_wrappers stuff. @@ -2299,15 +2303,15 @@ exit 1 # reject it internal LAN) rather than having it listen on all network interfaces and relying on -allow to filter unwanted connections out? - As of Mar/2005 there is the "[323]-listen ipaddr" option that enables + As of Mar/2005 there is the "[324]-listen ipaddr" option that enables this. For ipaddr either supply the desired network interface's IP address (or use a hostname that resolves to it) or use the string "localhost". For additional filtering simultaneously use the - "[324]-allow host1,..." option to allow only specific hosts in. + "[325]-allow host1,..." option to allow only specific hosts in. This option is useful if you want to insure that no one can even begin a dialog with x11vnc from untrusted network interfaces (e.g. ppp0). - The option [325]-localhost now implies "-listen localhost" since that + The option [326]-localhost now implies "-listen localhost" since that is what most people expect it to do. @@ -2315,7 +2319,7 @@ exit 1 # reject it interface, how I can occasionally allow in a non-localhost via the -R allowonce remote control command? - To do this specify "[326]-allow localhost". Unlike [327]-localhost + To do this specify "[327]-allow localhost". Unlike [328]-localhost this will leave x11vnc listening on all interfaces (but of course only allowing in local connections, e.g. ssh redirs). Then you can later run "x11vnc -R allowonce:somehost" or use to gui to permit a one-shot @@ -2326,7 +2330,7 @@ exit 1 # reject it some users just be able to move the mouse, but not click or type anything? - As of Feb/2005, the [328]-input option allows you to do this. "K", + As of Feb/2005, the [329]-input option allows you to do this. "K", "M", "B", and "C" stand for Keystroke, Mouse-motion, Button-clicks, and Clipboard, respectively. The setting: "-input M" makes attached viewers only able to move the mouse. "-input KMBC,M" lets normal @@ -2341,7 +2345,7 @@ exit 1 # reject it some clients view-only? How about running an arbitrary program to make the decisions? - Yes, look at the "[329]-accept command" option, it allows you to + Yes, look at the "[330]-accept command" option, it allows you to specify an external command that is run for each new client. (use quotes around the command if it contains spaces, etc.). If the external command returns 0 the client is accepted, otherwise the @@ -2360,7 +2364,7 @@ exit 1 # reject it own simple popup window. To accept the client press "y" or click mouse on the "Yes" button. To reject the client press "n" or click mouse on the "No" button. To accept the client View-only, press "v" or click - mouse on the "View" button. If the [330]-viewonly option has been + mouse on the "View" button. If the [331]-viewonly option has been supplied, the "View" action will not be present: the whole display is view only in that case. @@ -2376,7 +2380,7 @@ exit 1 # reject it program to prompt the user whether the client should be accepted or not. This requires that you have xmessage installed and available via PATH. In case it is not already on your system, the xmessage program - is available at [331]ftp://ftp.x.org/ + is available at [332]ftp://ftp.x.org/ To include view-only decisions for the external commands, prefix the command something like this: "yes:0,no:*,view:3 mycommand ..." This @@ -2415,7 +2419,7 @@ elif [ $rc = 4 ]; then fi exit 1 - Stefan Radman has written a nice dtksh script [332]dtVncPopup for use + Stefan Radman has written a nice dtksh script [333]dtVncPopup for use in CDE environments to do the same sort of thing. Information on how to use it is found at the top of the file. He encourages you to provide feedback to him to help improve the script. @@ -2424,13 +2428,13 @@ exit 1 popup is being run, so attached clients will not receive screen updates, etc during this period. - To run a command when a client disconnects, use the "[333]-gone + To run a command when a client disconnects, use the "[334]-gone command" option. This is for the user's convenience only: the return code of the command is not interpreted by x11vnc. The same environment variables are set as in "-accept command" (except that RFB_MODE will be "gone"). - As of Jan/2006 the "[334]-afteraccept command" option will run the + As of Jan/2006 the "[335]-afteraccept command" option will run the command only after the VNC client has been accepted and authenticated. Like -gone the return code is not interprted. RFB_MODE will be "afteraccept"). @@ -2440,7 +2444,7 @@ exit 1 display manager like gdm(1). Can I have x11vnc later switch to a different user? - As of Feb/2005 x11vnc has the [335]-users option that allows things + As of Feb/2005 x11vnc has the [336]-users option that allows things like this. Please read the documentation on it (also in the x11vnc -help output) carefully for features and caveats. It's use can often decrease security unless care is taken. @@ -2465,7 +2469,7 @@ exit 1 In any event, as of Jun/2004 there is an experimental utility to make it more difficult for nosey people to see your x11vnc activities. The - source for it is [336]blockdpy.c The idea behind it is simple (but + source for it is [337]blockdpy.c The idea behind it is simple (but obviously not bulletproof): when a VNC client attaches to x11vnc put the display monitor in the DPMS "off" state, if the DPMS state ever changes immediately start up the screen-lock program. The x11vnc user @@ -2481,8 +2485,8 @@ exit 1 bulletproof. A really robust solution would likely require X server and perhaps even video hardware support. - The blockdpy utility is launched by the [337]-accept option and told - to exit via the [338]-gone option (the vnc client user should + The blockdpy utility is launched by the [338]-accept option and told + to exit via the [339]-gone option (the vnc client user should obviously re-lock the screen before disconnecting!). Instructions can be found in the source code for the utility at the above link. @@ -2490,7 +2494,7 @@ exit 1 Q-39: Can I have x11vnc automatically lock the screen when I disconnect the VNC viewer? - Yes, a user mentions he uses the [339]-gone option under CDE to run a + Yes, a user mentions he uses the [340]-gone option under CDE to run a screen lock program: x11vnc -display :0 -forever -gone 'dtaction LockDisplay' @@ -2499,7 +2503,7 @@ exit 1 x11vnc -display :0 -forever -gone 'kdesktop_lock' x11vnc -display :0 -forever -gone 'xlock &' - Here is a scheme using the [340]-afteraccept option (in version 0.7.3) + Here is a scheme using the [341]-afteraccept option (in version 0.7.3) to unlock the screen after the first valid VNC login and to lock the screen after the last valid VNC login disconnects: x11vnc -display :0 -forever -shared -afteraccept ./myxlocker -gone ./myxlocke @@ -2530,7 +2534,7 @@ fi Q-40: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted SSH channel between two Unix machines? - See the description earlier on this page on [341]how to tunnel VNC via + See the description earlier on this page on [342]how to tunnel VNC via SSH from Unix to Unix. A number of ways are described along with some issues you may encounter. @@ -2541,7 +2545,7 @@ fi Q-41: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted SSH channel from Windows using an SSH client like Putty? - [342]Above we described how to tunnel VNC via SSH from Unix to Unix, + [343]Above we described how to tunnel VNC via SSH from Unix to Unix, you may want to review it. To do this from Windows using Putty it would go something like this: * In the Putty dialog window under 'Session' enter the hostname or @@ -2564,8 +2568,8 @@ fi process in a BAT file including launching the VNC viewer by using the plink Putty utility. Send us the script if you get that working. - For extra protection feel free to run x11vnc with the [343]-localhost - and [344]-rfbauth/[345]-passwdfile options. + For extra protection feel free to run x11vnc with the [344]-localhost + and [345]-rfbauth/[346]-passwdfile options. If the machine you SSH into via Putty is not the same machine with the X display you wish to view (e.g. your company provides incoming SSH @@ -2573,11 +2577,11 @@ fi dialog setting to: 'Destination: otherhost:5900', Once logged in, you'll need to do a second login (ssh or rsh) to the workstation machine 'otherhost' and then start up x11vnc on it. This can also be - automated by [346]chaining ssh's. + automated by [347]chaining ssh's. - As discussed [347]above another option is to first start the VNC + As discussed [348]above another option is to first start the VNC viewer in "listen" mode, and then launch x11vnc with the - "[348]-connect localhost" option to establish the reverse connection. + "[349]-connect localhost" option to establish the reverse connection. In this case a Remote port redirection (not Local) is needed for port 5500 instead of 5900 (i.e. 'Source port: 5500' and 'Destination: localhost:5500' for a Remote connection). @@ -2587,7 +2591,7 @@ fi channel using an external tool like stunnel? It is possible to use a "lighter weight" encryption setup than SSH or - IPSEC. SSL tunnels such as [349]stunnel provide an encrypted channel + IPSEC. SSL tunnels such as [350]stunnel provide an encrypted channel without the need for Unix users, passwords, and key passphrases required for ssh (and at the other extreme SSL can also provide a complete signed certificate chain of trust). OTOH, since SSH is @@ -2595,12 +2599,12 @@ fi ssh is frequently the path of least resistance (it also nicely manages public keys for you). - Update: As of Feb/2006 x11vnc has the options [350]-ssl, - [351]-stunnel, and [352]-sslverify to provide integrated SSL schemes. - They are discussed [353]in the Next FAQ (you may want to skip to it + Update: As of Feb/2006 x11vnc has the options [351]-ssl, + [352]-stunnel, and [353]-sslverify to provide integrated SSL schemes. + They are discussed [354]in the Next FAQ (you may want to skip to it now). - Here are some basic examples using [354]stunnel but the general idea + Here are some basic examples using [355]stunnel but the general idea for any SSL tunnel utility is the same: * Start up x11vnc and constrain it to listen on localhost. * Then start up the SSL tunnel running on the same machine to @@ -2624,7 +2628,7 @@ fi The above two commands are run on host "far-away.east". The stunnel.pem is the self-signed PEM file certificate created when - stunnel is built. One can also create certificates [355]signed by + stunnel is built. One can also create certificates [356]signed by Certificate Authorities or self-signed if desired using the x11vnc utilities described there. @@ -2638,7 +2642,7 @@ fi Then point the viewer to the local tunnel on port 5902: vncviewer -encodings "copyrect tight zrle hextile" localhost:2 - That's it. (note that the [356]ssl_vncviewer script can automate + That's it. (note that the [357]ssl_vncviewer script can automate this.) Be sure to use a VNC password because unlike ssh by default the @@ -2646,13 +2650,13 @@ fi some extra configuration one could also set up certificates to provide authentication of either or both sides as well (and hence avoid man-in-the-middle attacks). See the stunnel and openssl documentation - and also [357]the key management section for details. + and also [358]the key management section for details. stunnel has also been ported to Windows, and there are likely others to choose from for that OS. Much info for using it on Windows can be - found at the stunnel site and in this [358]article The article also + found at the stunnel site and in this [359]article The article also shows the detailed steps to set up all the authentication - certificates. (for both server and clients, see also the [359]x11vnc + certificates. (for both server and clients, see also the [360]x11vnc utilities that do this). The default Windows client setup (no certs) is simpler and only 4 files are needed in a folder: stunnel.exe, stunnel.conf, libssl32.dll, libeay32.dll. We used an stunnel.conf @@ -2673,7 +2677,7 @@ connect = far-away.east:5901 As an aside, if you don't like the little "gap" of unencrypted TCP traffic (and a localhost listening socket) on the local machine between stunnel and x11vnc it can actually be closed by having stunnel - start up x11vnc in [360]-inetd mode: + start up x11vnc in [361]-inetd mode: stunnel -p /path/to/stunnel.pem -P none -d 5900 -l ./x11vnc_sh Where the script x11vnc_sh starts up x11vnc: @@ -2716,16 +2720,16 @@ connect = 5900 they probably wouldn't work since the SSL negotiation is likely embedded in the VNC protocol unlike our case where it is external. - Note: as of Mar/2006 libvncserver/x11vnc provides a [361]SSL-enabled - Java applet that can be served up via the [362]-httpdir or [363]-http - options when [364]-ssl is enabled. It will also be served via HTTPS + Note: as of Mar/2006 libvncserver/x11vnc provides a [362]SSL-enabled + Java applet that can be served up via the [363]-httpdir or [364]-http + options when [365]-ssl is enabled. It will also be served via HTTPS via either the VNC port (e.g. https://host:5900/) or a 2nd port via - the [365]-https option. + the [366]-https option. In general current SSL VNC solutions are not particularly "seemless". But it can be done, and with a wrapper script on the viewer side and - the [366]-stunnel or [367]-ssl option on the server side it works well - and is convenient. Here is a simple script [368]ssl_vncviewer that + the [367]-stunnel or [368]-ssl option on the server side it works well + and is convenient. Here is a simple script [369]ssl_vncviewer that automates running stunnel on the VNC viewer side on Unix a little more carefully than the commands printed above. (One could probably do a similar thing with a .BAT file on Windows in the stunnel folder.) @@ -2733,7 +2737,7 @@ connect = 5900 Q-43: Does x11vnc have built-in SSL tunneling? - You can read about non-built-in methods [369]in the Previous FAQ + You can read about non-built-in methods [370]in the Previous FAQ SSL tunnels provide an encrypted channel without the need for Unix users, passwords, and key passphrases required for ssh (and at the @@ -2744,14 +2748,14 @@ connect = 5900 Built-in SSL x11vnc options: - As of Feb/2006 the x11vnc [370]-ssl and [371]-stunnel options automate - the SSL tunnel creation on the x11vnc server side. An [372]SSL-enabled + As of Feb/2006 the x11vnc [371]-ssl and [372]-stunnel options automate + the SSL tunnel creation on the x11vnc server side. An [373]SSL-enabled Java Viewer applet is also provided that can be served via HTTP or HTTPS to automate SSL on the client side. - The [373]-ssl mode uses the [374]www.openssl.org library if available - at build time. The [375]-stunnel mode requires the - [376]www.stunnel.org command stunnel(8) to be installed on the system. + The [374]-ssl mode uses the [375]www.openssl.org library if available + at build time. The [376]-stunnel mode requires the + [377]www.stunnel.org command stunnel(8) to be installed on the system. Both modes require an SSL certificate and key (i.e. .pem file). These are usually created via the openssl(1) (in fact in for options "-ssl" @@ -2803,12 +2807,12 @@ connect = 5900 is to encrypt the key with a passphrase (note however this requires supplying the passphrase each time x11vnc is started up). - See the discussion on [377]x11vnc Key Management for some utilities + See the discussion on [378]x11vnc Key Management for some utilities provided for creating and managing certificates and keys and even for creating your own Certificate Authority (CA) for signing VNC server and client certificates. This may be done by importing the certificate into Web Browser or Java plugin keystores, or pointing stunnel to it. - The wrapper script [378]ssl_vncviewer provides an example on unix + The wrapper script [379]ssl_vncviewer provides an example on unix (-verify option). Here are some notes on the simpler default (non-CA) operation. To have @@ -2824,7 +2828,7 @@ connect = 5900 to machines where the VNC Viewer will be run to enable authenticating the x11vnc SSL VNC server to the clients. When authentication takes place this way (or via the more sophisticated CA signing described - [379]here), then Man-In-The-Middle-Attacks are prevented. Otherwise, + [380]here), then Man-In-The-Middle-Attacks are prevented. Otherwise, the SSL encryption only provides protection against passive network traffic "sniffing". Nowadays, most people seem mostly concerned about only the latter (and the default x11vnc SSL modes protect against it.) @@ -2849,7 +2853,7 @@ connect = 5900 including using https to download it into the browser and connect to x11vnc. - See the [380]next FAQ for SSL enabled VNC Viewers. + See the [381]next FAQ for SSL enabled VNC Viewers. Q-44: How do I use VNC Viewers with built-in SSL tunneling? @@ -2860,9 +2864,9 @@ connect = 5900 The SSL enabled Java VNC Viewer (VncViewer.jar) in the x11vnc package supports only SSL based connections by default (set the applet parameter disableSSL=yes in index.vnc to override). As mentioned above - the [381]-httpdir can be used to specify the path to .../classes/ssl. + the [382]-httpdir can be used to specify the path to .../classes/ssl. A typical location might be /usr/local/share/x11vnc/classes/ssl. Or - [382]-http can be used to try to have it find the directory + [383]-http can be used to try to have it find the directory automatically. The Java viewer uses SSL to communicate securely with x11vnc. Note @@ -2887,7 +2891,7 @@ connect = 5900 example) can occasionally be slow or unreliable (it has to read some input and try to guess if the connection is VNC or HTTP). If it is unreliable and you still want to serve the Java applet via https, use - the [383]-https option to get an additional port dedicated to https + the [384]-https option to get an additional port dedicated to https (its URL will also be printed in the output). Another possibility is to add the GET applet parameter: @@ -2900,7 +2904,7 @@ connect = 5900 You may also use "?GET=somestring" to have /somestring prepended to /request.https.vnc.connection". Perhaps you are using a web server - [384]proxy scheme to enter a firewall or otherwise have rules applied + [385]proxy scheme to enter a firewall or otherwise have rules applied to the URL. If you need to have any slashes "/" in "somestring" use "_2F_" (a deficiency in libvncserver prevents using the more natural "%2F".) @@ -2924,7 +2928,7 @@ connect = 5900 connection is VNC instead of the HTTPS it actually is (but since you have paused too long at the dialog the GET request comes too late). Often hitting Reload and going through the dialogs more quickly will - let you connect. Use the [385]-https option if you want a dedicated + let you connect. Use the [386]-https option if you want a dedicated port for HTTPS connections instead of sharing the VNC port. @@ -2933,10 +2937,10 @@ connect = 5900 If you want to use a native VNC Viewer with the SSL enabled x11vnc you will need to run an external SSL tunnel on the Viewer side. There do not seem to be any native SSL VNC Viewers outside of the x11vnc - package. The basic ideas of doing this were discussed [386]for + package. The basic ideas of doing this were discussed [387]for external tunnel utilities here. - The [387]ssl_vncviewer script provided with x11vnc can set up the + The [388]ssl_vncviewer script provided with x11vnc can set up the stunnel tunnel automatically on unix as long as the stunnel command is installed on the Viewer machine and available in PATH (and vncviewer too of course). Note that on Debian based system you will need to @@ -2968,10 +2972,10 @@ connect = 5900 The fifth one shows that Web proxies can be used if that is the only way to get out of the firewall. If the "double proxy" situation arises - separate the two by commas. See [388]this page for more information on + separate the two by commas. See [389]this page for more information on how Web proxies come into play. - If one uses a Certificate Authority (CA) scheme described [389]here, + If one uses a Certificate Authority (CA) scheme described [390]here, the wrapper script would use the CA cert instead of the server cert: 3') ssl_vncviewer -verify ./cacert.crt far-away.east:0 @@ -3007,7 +3011,7 @@ connect = 5900 (instead of the unsigned one in https://yourmachine.com:5900/ that gives the default index.vnc) - Note that the [390]ssl_vncviewer stunnel wrapper script can use Web + Note that the [391]ssl_vncviewer stunnel wrapper script can use Web proxies as well. Proxies that limit CONNECT to ports 443 and 563: @@ -3036,7 +3040,7 @@ connect = 5900 https://yourmachine.com/proxy.vnc?PORT=443 this is cleaner because it avoids editing the file, but requires more - parameters in the URL. To use the GET [391]trick discussed above, do: + parameters in the URL. To use the GET [392]trick discussed above, do: https://yourmachine.com/proxy.vnc?PORT=443&GET=1 @@ -3044,7 +3048,7 @@ connect = 5900 SSL from the Internet with a Web browser to x11vnc running on their workstations behind a firewall? Yes. You will need to configure apache to forward these connections. - It is discussed [392]here. This provides a clean alternative to the + It is discussed [393]here. This provides a clean alternative to the traditional method where the user uses SSH to log in through the gateway to create the encrypted port redirection to x11vnc running on her desktop. @@ -3052,7 +3056,7 @@ connect = 5900 Q-47: Can I create and use my own SSL Certificate Authority (CA) with x11vnc? - Yes, see [393]this page for how to do this and the utility commands + Yes, see [394]this page for how to do this and the utility commands x11vnc provides to create and manage many types of certificates and private keys. @@ -3071,13 +3075,13 @@ connect = 5900 need to have sufficient permissions to connect to the X display. Here are some ideas: - * Use the description under "Continuously" in the [394]FAQ on x11vnc + * Use the description under "Continuously" in the [395]FAQ on x11vnc and Display Managers - * Use the description in the [395]FAQ on x11vnc and inetd(8) - * Use the description in the [396]FAQ on Unix user logins and + * Use the description in the [396]FAQ on x11vnc and inetd(8) + * Use the description in the [397]FAQ on Unix user logins and inetd(8) * Start x11vnc from your $HOME/.xsession (or $HOME/.xinitrc) - * Although less reliable, see the [397]x11vnc_loop rc.local hack + * Although less reliable, see the [398]x11vnc_loop rc.local hack below. The display manager scheme will not be specific to which user has the @@ -3108,7 +3112,7 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg while running x11vnc as root, e.g. for the gnome display manager, gdm: x11vnc -auth /var/gdm/:0.Xauth -display :0 - (the [398]-auth option sets the XAUTHORITY variable for you). + (the [399]-auth option sets the XAUTHORITY variable for you). There will be a similar thing for xdm using however a different auth directory path (perhaps something like @@ -3133,7 +3137,7 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg auth file should be in /var/dt), you'll also need to add something like Dtlogin*grabServer:False to the Xconfig file (/etc/dt/config/Xconfig or /usr/dt/config/Xconfig on Solaris, see - [399]the example at the end of this FAQ). Then restart dtlogin, e.g.: + [400]the example at the end of this FAQ). Then restart dtlogin, e.g.: /etc/init.d/dtlogin stop; /etc/init.d/dtlogin start or reboot. Continuously. Have x11vnc reattach each time the X server is @@ -3196,7 +3200,7 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg Then restart: /usr/sbin/gdm-restart (or reboot). The KillInitClients=false setting is important: without it x11vnc will be - killed immediately after the user logs in. Here are [400]full details + killed immediately after the user logs in. Here are [401]full details on how to configure gdm _________________________________________________________________ @@ -3238,14 +3242,14 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg If you do not want to deal with any display manager startup scripts, here is a kludgey script that can be run manually or out of a boot - file like rc.local: [401]x11vnc_loop It will need some local + file like rc.local: [402]x11vnc_loop It will need some local customization before running. Because the XAUTHORITY auth file must be guessed by this script, use of the display manager script method - described above is greatly preferred. There is also the [402]-loop + described above is greatly preferred. There is also the [403]-loop option that does something similar. If the machine is a traditional Xterminal you may want to read - [403]this FAQ. + [404]this FAQ. Q-50: Can I run x11vnc out of inetd(8)? How about xinetd(8)? @@ -3255,7 +3259,7 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg 5900 stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/local/bin/x11vnc_sh - where the shell script /usr/local/bin/x11vnc_sh uses the [404]-inetd + where the shell script /usr/local/bin/x11vnc_sh uses the [405]-inetd option and looks something like (you'll need to customize to your settings). #!/bin/sh @@ -3268,7 +3272,7 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg and that confuses it greatly, causing it to abort). If you do not use a wrapper script as above but rather call x11vnc directly in /etc/inetd.conf and do not redirect stderr to a file, then you must - specify the -q (aka [405]-quiet) option: "/usr/local/bin/x11vnc -q + specify the -q (aka [406]-quiet) option: "/usr/local/bin/x11vnc -q -inetd ...". When you supply both -q and -inet and no "-o logfile" then stderr will automatically be closed (to prevent, e.g. library stderr messages leaking out to the viewer). The recommended practice @@ -3276,12 +3280,12 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg script with "2>logfile" redirection because the errors and warnings printed out are very useful in troubleshooting problems. - Note also the need to set XAUTHORITY via [406]-auth to point to the + Note also the need to set XAUTHORITY via [407]-auth to point to the MIT-COOKIE auth file to get permission to connect to the X display (setting and exporting the XAUTHORITY variable accomplishes the same thing). See the x11vnc_loop file in the previous question for more ideas on what that auth file may be, etc. The scheme described in the - [407]FAQ on Unix user logins and inetd(8) works around the XAUTHORITY + [408]FAQ on Unix user logins and inetd(8) works around the XAUTHORITY issue nicely. Note: On Solaris you cannot have the bare number 5900 in @@ -3346,13 +3350,13 @@ service x11vncservice Q-51: Can I have x11vnc allow a user to log in with her UNIX password and then have it find her X display on that machine and connect to it? - The easiest way to do this is via [408]inetd(8) using the [409]-unixpw - and [410]-display WAIT options. The reason inetd(8) makes this easier + The easiest way to do this is via [409]inetd(8) using the [410]-unixpw + and [411]-display WAIT options. The reason inetd(8) makes this easier is that it starts a new x11vnc process for each new user connection. Otherwise a wrapper would have to listen for connections and spawn new - x11vnc's (see [411]this example). + x11vnc's (see [412]this example). - The [412]-display WAIT option makes x11vnc wait until a VNC viewer is + The [413]-display WAIT option makes x11vnc wait until a VNC viewer is connected before attaching to the X display. Additionally it can be used to run an external command that returns the DISPLAY and XAUTHORITY data. So one could supply "-display @@ -3395,7 +3399,7 @@ exit 0 as the first line and any remaining lines are either XAUTHORITY=file or raw xauth data (the above example does the latter). - The [413]-unixpw option allows [414]UNIX password logins. Here are a + The [414]-unixpw option allows [415]UNIX password logins. Here are a couple /etc/inetd.conf examples for this: 5900 stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/local/bin/x11vnc -inetd -unixpw \ @@ -3415,9 +3419,9 @@ xpw= directory will need to be set up to allow "nobody" to use them. In the second one x11vnc is run as root and switches to the user that - logs in due to the "[415]-users unixpw=" option. + logs in due to the "[416]-users unixpw=" option. - Note that [416]SSL is required for this mode because otherwise the + Note that [417]SSL is required for this mode because otherwise the unix password would be passed in clear text over the network. In general -unixpw is not required for this sort of scheme, but it is convenient because it determines exactly who the user is whose display @@ -3428,7 +3432,7 @@ xpw= Q-52: Can I have x11vnc restart itself after it terminates? One could do this in a shell script, but now there is an option - [417]-loop that makes it easier. Of course when x11vnc restarts it + [418]-loop that makes it easier. Of course when x11vnc restarts it needs to have permissions to connect to the (potentially new) X display. This mode could be useful if the X server restarts often. Use e.g. "-loop5000" to sleep 5000 ms between restarts. Also "-loop2000,5" @@ -3439,7 +3443,7 @@ xpw= web browser? To have x11vnc serve up a Java VNC viewer applet to any web browsers - that connect to it, run x11vnc with this [418]option: + that connect to it, run x11vnc with this [419]option: -httpdir /path/to/the/java/classes/dir (this directory will contain the files index.vnc and, for example, @@ -3458,7 +3462,7 @@ xpw= then you can connect to that URL with any Java enabled browser. Feel free to customize the default index.vnc file in the classes directory. - As of May/2005 the [419]-http option will try to guess where the Java + As of May/2005 the [420]-http option will try to guess where the Java classes jar file is by looking in expected locations and ones relative to the x11vnc binary. @@ -3474,7 +3478,7 @@ xpw= As of Mar/2004 x11vnc supports reverse connections. On Unix one starts the VNC viewer in listen mode: vncviewer -listen (see your documentation for Windows, etc), and then starts up x11vnc with the - [420]-connect option. To connect immediately at x11vnc startup time + [421]-connect option. To connect immediately at x11vnc startup time use the "-connect host:port" option (use commas for a list of hosts to connect to). The ":port" is optional (default is 5500). @@ -3482,7 +3486,7 @@ xpw= file is checked periodically (about once a second) for new hosts to connect to. - The [421]-remote control option (aka -R) can also be used to do this + The [422]-remote control option (aka -R) can also be used to do this during an active x11vnc session, e.g.: x11vnc -display :0 -R connect:hostname.domain @@ -3494,7 +3498,7 @@ x11vnc -display :0 -R connect:hostname.domain starting x11vnc. To use the vncconnect(1) program (from the core VNC package at - www.realvnc.com) specify the [422]-vncconnect option to x11vnc (Note: + www.realvnc.com) specify the [423]-vncconnect option to x11vnc (Note: as of Dec/2004 -vncconnect is now the default). vncconnect(1) must be pointed to the same X11 DISPLAY as x11vnc (since it uses X properties to communicate with x11vnc). If you do not have or do not want to get @@ -3539,7 +3543,7 @@ xprop -root -f VNC_CONNECT 8s -set VNC_CONNECT "$1" There are some annoyances WRT Xvfb though. The default keyboard mapping seems to be very poor. One should run x11vnc with - [423]-add_keysyms option to have keysyms added automatically. Also, to + [424]-add_keysyms option to have keysyms added automatically. Also, to add the Shift_R and Control_R modifiers something like this is needed: #!/bin/sh xmodmap -e "keycode any = Shift_R" @@ -3561,11 +3565,11 @@ xmodmap -e "add Control = Control_L Control_R" The main drawback to this method (besides requiring extra configuration and possibly root permission) is that it also does the - Linux Virtual Console/Terminal (VC/VT) [424]switching even though it + Linux Virtual Console/Terminal (VC/VT) [425]switching even though it does not need to (since it doesn't use a real framebuffer). There are some "dual headed" (actually multi-headed/multi-user) patches to the X server that turn off the VT usage in the X server. Update: As of - Jul/2005 we have an LD_PRELOAD script [425]Xdummy that allows you to + Jul/2005 we have an LD_PRELOAD script [426]Xdummy that allows you to use a stock (i.e. unpatched) Xorg or XFree86 server with the "dummy" driver and not have any VT switching problems! Currently Xdummy needs to be run as root, but with some luck that may be relaxed in the @@ -3597,7 +3601,7 @@ startx -- /path/to/Xdummy :1 An X server can be started on the headless machine (sometimes this requires configuring the X server to not fail if it cannot detect a keyboard or mouse, see the next paragraph). Then you can export that X - display via x11vnc (e.g. see [426]this FAQ) and access it from + display via x11vnc (e.g. see [427]this FAQ) and access it from anywhere on the network via a VNC viewer. Some tips on getting X servers to start on machines without keyboard @@ -3640,7 +3644,7 @@ startx -- /path/to/Xdummy :1 19/03/2004 10:10:58 error creating tile-row shm for len=4 19/03/2004 10:10:58 reverting to single_copytile mode - Here is a shell script [427]shm_clear to list and prompt for removal + Here is a shell script [428]shm_clear to list and prompt for removal of your unattached shm segments (attached ones are skipped). I use it while debugging x11vnc (I use "shm_clear -y" to assume "yes" for each prompt). If x11vnc is regularly not cleaning up its shm segments, @@ -3674,40 +3678,40 @@ ied) in /etc/system. See the next paragraph for more workarounds. To minimize the number of shm segments used by x11vnc try using the - [428]-onetile option (corresponds to only 3 shm segments used, and + [429]-onetile option (corresponds to only 3 shm segments used, and adding -fs 1.0 knocks it down to 2). If you are having much trouble with shm segments, consider disabling shm completely via the - [429]-noshm option. Performance will be somewhat degraded but when + [430]-noshm option. Performance will be somewhat degraded but when done over local machine sockets it should be acceptable (see an - [430]earlier question discussing -noshm). + [431]earlier question discussing -noshm). Q-58: How can I make x11vnc use less system resources? - The [431]-nap (now on by default) and "[432]-wait n" (where n is the + The [432]-nap (now on by default) and "[433]-wait n" (where n is the sleep between polls in milliseconds, the default is 30 or so) option - are good places to start. Something like "[433]-sb 15" will cause + are good places to start. Something like "[434]-sb 15" will cause x11vnc to go into a deep-sleep mode after 15 seconds of no activity (instead of the default 60). Reducing the X server bits per pixel depth (e.g. to 16bpp or even 8bpp) will further decrease memory I/O and network I/O. The ShadowFB - will make x11vnc's screen polling less severe. Using the [434]-onetile + will make x11vnc's screen polling less severe. Using the [435]-onetile option will use less memory and use fewer shared memory slots (add - [435]-fs 1.0 for one less slot). + [436]-fs 1.0 for one less slot). Q-59: How can I make x11vnc use MORE system resources? - You can try [436]-threads and dial down the wait time (e.g. -wait 1) - and possibly dial down [437]-defer as well. Note that if you try to + You can try [437]-threads and dial down the wait time (e.g. -wait 1) + and possibly dial down [438]-defer as well. Note that if you try to increase the "frame rate" too much you can bog down the server end with the extra work it needs to do compressing the framebuffer data, etc. That said, it is possible to "stream" video via x11vnc if the video window is small enough. E.g. a 256x192 xawtv TV capture window (using - the x11vnc [438]-id option) can be streamed over a LAN or wireless at + the x11vnc [439]-id option) can be streamed over a LAN or wireless at a reasonable frame rate. @@ -3723,7 +3727,7 @@ ied) * Use a smaller desktop size (e.g. 1024x768 instead of 1280x1024) * Make sure the desktop background is a solid color (the background is resent every time it is re-exposed). Consider using the - [439]-solid [color] option to try to do this automatically. + [440]-solid [color] option to try to do this automatically. * Configure your window manager or desktop "theme" to not use fancy images, shading, and gradients for the window decorations, etc. Disable window animations, etc. Maybe your desktop has a "low @@ -3732,9 +3736,9 @@ ied) -> Use Smooth Scrolling (deselect it). * Avoid small scrolls of large windows using the Arrow keys or scrollbar. Try to use PageUp/PageDown instead. (not so much of a - problem in x11vnc 0.7.2 if [440]-scrollcopyrect is active and + problem in x11vnc 0.7.2 if [441]-scrollcopyrect is active and detecting scrolls for the application). - * If the [441]-wireframe option is not available (earlier than + * If the [442]-wireframe option is not available (earlier than x11vnc 0.7.2 or you have disabled it via -nowireframe) then Disable Opaque Moves and Resizes in the window manager/desktop. * However if -wireframe is active (on by default in x11vnc 0.7.2) @@ -3754,7 +3758,7 @@ ied) noticed. VNC viewer parameters: - * Use a [442]TightVNC enabled viewer! (Actually, RealVNC 4.x viewer + * Use a [443]TightVNC enabled viewer! (Actually, RealVNC 4.x viewer with ZRLE encoding is not too bad either; some claim it is faster). * Make sure the tight (or zrle) encoding is being used (look at @@ -3776,37 +3780,37 @@ ied) file. x11vnc parameters: - * Make sure the [443]-wireframe option is active (it should be on by + * Make sure the [444]-wireframe option is active (it should be on by default) and you have Opaque Moves/Resizes Enabled in the window manager. - * Make sure the [444]-scrollcopyrect option is active (it should be + * Make sure the [445]-scrollcopyrect option is active (it should be on by default). This detects scrolls in many (but not all) applications an applies the CopyRect encoding for a big speedup. * Enforce a solid background when VNC viewers are connected via - [445]-solid - * Specify [446]-speeds modem to force the wireframe and + [446]-solid + * Specify [447]-speeds modem to force the wireframe and scrollcopyrect heuristic parameters (and any future ones) to those of a dialup modem connection (or supply the rd,bw,lat numerical values that characterize your link). * If wireframe and scrollcopyrect aren't working, try using the more - drastic [447]-nodragging (no screen updates when dragging mouse, + drastic [448]-nodragging (no screen updates when dragging mouse, but sometimes you miss visual feedback) - * Set [448]-fs 1.0 (disables fullscreen updates) - * Try increasing [449]-wait or [450]-defer (reduces the maximum + * Set [449]-fs 1.0 (disables fullscreen updates) + * Try increasing [450]-wait or [451]-defer (reduces the maximum "frame rate", but won't help much for large screen changes) - * Try the [451]-progressive pixelheight mode with the block + * Try the [452]-progressive pixelheight mode with the block pixelheight 100 or so (delays sending vertical blocks since they may change while viewer is receiving earlier ones) - * If you just want to watch one (simple) window use [452]-id (cuts + * If you just want to watch one (simple) window use [453]-id (cuts down extraneous polling and updates, but can be buggy or insufficient) - * Set [453]-nosel (disables all clipboard selection exchange) - * Use [454]-nocursor and [455]-nocursorpos (repainting the remote + * Set [454]-nosel (disables all clipboard selection exchange) + * Use [455]-nocursor and [456]-nocursorpos (repainting the remote cursor position and shape takes resources and round trips) * On very slow links (e.g. <= 28.8) you may need to increase the - [456]-readtimeout n setting if it sometimes takes more than 20sec + [457]-readtimeout n setting if it sometimes takes more than 20sec to paint the full screen, etc. - * Do not use [457]-fixscreen to automatically refresh the whole + * Do not use [458]-fixscreen to automatically refresh the whole screen, tap three Alt_L's then the screen has painting errors (rare problem). @@ -3829,7 +3833,7 @@ ied) Note that the DAMAGE extension does not speed up the actual reading of pixels from the video card framebuffer memory, by, say, mirroring them - in main memory. So reading the fb is still painfully [458]slow (e.g. + in main memory. So reading the fb is still painfully [459]slow (e.g. 5MB/sec), and so even using X DAMAGE when large changes occur on the screen the bulk of the time is still spent retrieving them. Not ideal, but use of the ShadowFB XFree86/Xorg option speeds up the reading @@ -3847,27 +3851,27 @@ ied) DAMAGE rectangles to contain real damage. The larger rectangles are only used as hints to focus the traditional scanline polling (i.e. if a scanline doesn't intersect a recent DAMAGE rectangle, the scan is - skipped). You can use the "[459]-xd_area A" option to adjust the size + skipped). You can use the "[460]-xd_area A" option to adjust the size of the trusted DAMAGE rectangles. The default is 20000 pixels (e.g. a 140x140 square, etc). Use "-xd_area 0" to disable the cutoff and trust all DAMAGE rectangles. - The option "[460]-xd_mem f" may also be of use in tuning the - algorithm. To disable using DAMAGE entirely use "[461]-noxdamage". + The option "[461]-xd_mem f" may also be of use in tuning the + algorithm. To disable using DAMAGE entirely use "[462]-noxdamage". Q-62: When I drag windows around with the mouse or scroll up and down things really bog down (unless I do the drag in a single, quick motion). Is there anything to do to improve things? - This problem is primarily due to [462]slow hardware read rates from + This problem is primarily due to [463]slow hardware read rates from video cards: as you scroll or move a large window around the screen changes are much too rapid for x11vnc to keep up them (it can usually only read the video card at about 5-10 MB/sec, so it can take a good fraction of a second to read the changes induce from moving a large window, if this to be done a number of times in succession the window or scroll appears to "lurch" forward). See the description in the - [463]-pointer_mode option for more info. The next bottleneck is + [464]-pointer_mode option for more info. The next bottleneck is compressing all of these changes and sending them out to connected viewers, however the VNC protocol is pretty much self-adapting with respect to that (updates are only packaged and sent when viewers ask @@ -3877,26 +3881,26 @@ ied) default should now be much better than before and dragging small windows around should no longer be a huge pain. If for some reason these changes make matters worse, you can go back to the old way via - the "[464]-pointer_mode 1" option. + the "[465]-pointer_mode 1" option. - Also added was the [465]-nodragging option that disables all screen + Also added was the [466]-nodragging option that disables all screen updates while dragging with the mouse (i.e. mouse motion with a button held down). This gives the snappiest response, but might be undesired in some circumstances when you want to see the visual feedback while dragging (e.g. menu traversal or text selection). - As of Dec/2004 the [466]-pointer_mode n option was introduced. n=1 is + As of Dec/2004 the [467]-pointer_mode n option was introduced. n=1 is the original mode, n=2 an improvement, etc.. See the -pointer_mode n help for more info. - Also, in some circumstances the [467]-threads option can improve + Also, in some circumstances the [468]-threads option can improve response considerably. Be forewarned that if more than one vncviewer is connected at the same time then libvncserver may not be thread safe (try to get the viewers to use different VNC encodings, e.g. tight and ZRLE). - As of Apr/2005 two new options (see the [468]wireframe FAQ and - [469]scrollcopyrect FAQ below) provide schemes to sweep this problem + As of Apr/2005 two new options (see the [469]wireframe FAQ and + [470]scrollcopyrect FAQ below) provide schemes to sweep this problem under the rug for window moves or resizes and for some (but not all) window scrolls. These are the preferred way of avoiding the "lurching" problem, contact me if they are not working. (Note on SuSE the RECORD @@ -3915,8 +3919,8 @@ ied) the window move/resize stops, it returns to normal processing: you should only see the window appear in the new position. This spares you from interacting with a "lurching" window between all of the - intermediate steps. BTW the lurching is due to [470]slow video card - read rates (see [471]here too). A displacement, even a small one, of a + intermediate steps. BTW the lurching is due to [471]slow video card + read rates (see [472]here too). A displacement, even a small one, of a large window requires a non-negligible amount of time, a good fraction of a second, to read in from the hardware framebuffer. @@ -3924,7 +3928,7 @@ ied) for -wireframe to do any good. The mode is currently on by default because most people are afflicted - with the problem. It can be disabled with the [472]-nowireframe option + with the problem. It can be disabled with the [473]-nowireframe option (aka -nowf). Why might one want to turn off the wireframing? Since x11vnc is merely guessing when windows are being moved/resized, it may guess poorly for your window-manager or desktop, or even for the way @@ -3969,13 +3973,13 @@ ied) * Maximum time to show a wireframe animation. * Minimum time between sending wireframe outlines. - See the [473]"-wireframe tweaks" option for more details. On a slow + See the [474]"-wireframe tweaks" option for more details. On a slow link, e.g. dialup modem, the parameters may be automatically adjusted for better response. CopyRect encoding: In addition to the above there is the - [474]"-wirecopyrect mode" option. It is also on by default. This + [475]"-wirecopyrect mode" option. It is also on by default. This instructs x11vnc to not only show the wireframe animation, but to also instruct all connected VNC viewers to locally translate the window image data from the original position to the new position on the @@ -4023,7 +4027,7 @@ ied) requiring the image data to be transmitted over the network. For fast links the speedup is primarily due to x11vnc not having to read the scrolled framebuffer data from the X server (recall that reading from - the hardware framebuffer is [475]slow). + the hardware framebuffer is [476]slow). To do this x11vnc uses the RECORD X extension to snoop the X11 protocol between the X client with the focus window and the X server. @@ -4045,10 +4049,10 @@ ied) the X server display: if one falls too far behind it could become a mess... - The initial implementation of [476]-scrollcopyrect option is useful in + The initial implementation of [477]-scrollcopyrect option is useful in that it detects many scrolls and thus gives a much nicer working - environment (especially when combined with the [477]-wireframe - [478]-wirecopyrect [479]options, which are also on by default; and if + environment (especially when combined with the [478]-wireframe + [479]-wirecopyrect [480]options, which are also on by default; and if you are willing to enable the ShadowFB things are very fast). The fact that there aren't long delays or lurches during scrolling is the primary improvement. @@ -4081,10 +4085,10 @@ ied) One can tap the Alt_L key (Left "Alt" key) 3 times in a row to signal x11vnc to refresh the screen to all viewers. Your VNC-viewer may have its own screen refresh hot-key or button. See - also: [480]-fixscreen + also: [481]-fixscreen * Some applications, notably OpenOffice, do XCopyArea scrolls in weird ways that assume ancestor window clipping is taking place. - See the [481]-scr_skip option for ways to tweak this on a + See the [482]-scr_skip option for ways to tweak this on a per-application basis. * Selecting text while dragging the mouse may be slower, especially if the Button-down event happens near the window's edge. This is @@ -4101,7 +4105,7 @@ ied) because it fails to detect scrolls in it. Sometimes clicking inside the application window or selecting some text in it to force the focus helps. - * When using the [482]-scale option there will be a quick CopyRect + * When using the [483]-scale option there will be a quick CopyRect scroll, but it needs to be followed by a slower "cleanup" update. This is because for a fixed finite screen resolution (e.g. 75 dpi) scaling and copyrect-ing are not exactly independent. Scaling @@ -4114,7 +4118,7 @@ ied) If you find the -scrollcopyrect behavior too approximate or distracting you can go back to the standard polling-only update method - with the [483]-noscrollcopyrect (or -noscr for short). If you find + with the [484]-noscrollcopyrect (or -noscr for short). If you find some extremely bad and repeatable behavior for -scrollcopyrect please report a bug. @@ -4153,23 +4157,23 @@ ied) this is because the cursor shape is often downloaded to the graphics hardware (video card), but I could be mistaken. - A simple kludge is provided by the "[484]-cursor X" option that + A simple kludge is provided by the "[485]-cursor X" option that changes the cursor when the mouse is on the root background (or any window has the same cursor as the root background). Note that desktops like GNOME or KDE often cover up the root background, so this won't - work for those cases. Also see the "[485]-cursor some" option for + work for those cases. Also see the "[486]-cursor some" option for additional kludges. Note that as of Aug/2004 on Solaris using the SUN_OVL overlay extension and IRIX, x11vnc can show the correct mouse cursor when the - [486]-overlay option is supplied. See [487]this FAQ for more info. + [487]-overlay option is supplied. See [488]this FAQ for more info. Also as of Dec/2004 XFIXES X extension support has been added to allow exact extraction of the mouse cursor shape. XFIXES fixes the problem of the cursor-shape being write-only: x11vnc can now query the X server for the current shape and send it back to the connected viewers. XFIXES is available on recent Linux Xorg based distros and - [488]Solaris 10. + [489]Solaris 10. The only XFIXES issue is the handling of alpha channel transparency in cursors. If a cursor has any translucency then in general it must be @@ -4177,7 +4181,7 @@ ied) situations where the cursor transparency can also handled exactly: when the VNC Viewer requires the cursor shape be drawn into the VNC framebuffer or if you apply a patch to your VNC Viewer to extract - hidden alpha channel data under 32bpp. [489]Details can be found here. + hidden alpha channel data under 32bpp. [490]Details can be found here. Q-66: When using XFIXES cursorshape mode, some of the cursors look @@ -4210,17 +4214,17 @@ ied) for most cursor themes and you don't have to worry about it. In case it still looks bad for your cursor theme, there are (of - course!) some tunable parameters. The "[490]-alphacut n" option lets + course!) some tunable parameters. The "[491]-alphacut n" option lets you set the threshold "n" (between 0 and 255): cursor pixels with alpha values below n will be considered completely transparent while values equal to or above n will be completely opaque. The default is - 240. The "[491]-alphafrac f" option tries to correct individual + 240. The "[492]-alphafrac f" option tries to correct individual cursors that did not fare well with the default -alphacut value: if a cursor has less than fraction f (between 0.0 and 1.0) of its pixels selected by the default -alphacut, the threshold is lowered until f of its pixels are selected. The default fraction is 0.33. - Finally, there is an option [492]-alpharemove that is useful for + Finally, there is an option [493]-alpharemove that is useful for themes where many cursors are light colored (e.g. "whiteglass"). XFIXES returns the cursor data with the RGB values pre-multiplied by the alpha value. If the white cursors look too grey, specify @@ -4246,10 +4250,10 @@ ied) alpha channel data to libvncserver. However, this data will only be used for VNC clients that do not support the CursorShapeUpdates VNC extension (or have disabled it). It can be disabled for all clients - with the [493]-nocursorshape x11vnc option. In this case the cursor is + with the [494]-nocursorshape x11vnc option. In this case the cursor is drawn, correctly blended with the background, into the VNC framebuffer before being sent out to the client. So the alpha blending is done on - the x11vnc side. Use the [494]-noalphablend option to disable this + the x11vnc side. Use the [495]-noalphablend option to disable this behavior (always approximate transparent cursors with opaque RGB values). @@ -4278,9 +4282,9 @@ ied) Q-68: Why does the mouse arrow just stay in one corner in my vncviewer, whereas my cursor (that does move) is just a dot? - This default takes advantage of a [495]tightvnc extension + This default takes advantage of a [496]tightvnc extension (CursorShapeUpdates) that allows specifying a cursor image shape for - the local VNC viewer. You may disable it with the [496]-nocursor + the local VNC viewer. You may disable it with the [497]-nocursor option to x11vnc if your viewer does not have this extension. Note: as of Aug/2004 this should be fixed: the default for @@ -4294,17 +4298,17 @@ ied) clients (i.e. passive viewers can see the mouse cursor being moved around by another viewer)? - Use the [497]-cursorpos option when starting x11vnc. A VNC viewer must + Use the [498]-cursorpos option when starting x11vnc. A VNC viewer must support the Cursor Positions Updates for the user to see the mouse motions (the TightVNC viewers support this). As of Aug/2004 -cursorpos - is the default. See also [498]-nocursorpos and [499]-nocursorshape. + is the default. See also [499]-nocursorpos and [500]-nocursorshape. Q-70: Is it possible to swap the mouse buttons (e.g. left-handed operation), or arbitrarily remap them? How about mapping button clicks to keystrokes, e.g. to partially emulate Mouse wheel scrolling? - You can remap the mouse buttons via something like: [500]-buttonmap + You can remap the mouse buttons via something like: [501]-buttonmap 13-31 (or perhaps 12-21). Also, note that xmodmap(1) lets you directly adjust the X server's button mappings, but in some circumstances it might be more desirable to have x11vnc do it. @@ -4312,7 +4316,7 @@ ied) One user had an X server with only one mouse button(!) and was able to map all of the VNC client mouse buttons to it via: -buttonmap 123-111. - Note that the [501]-debug_pointer option prints out much info for + Note that the [502]-debug_pointer option prints out much info for every mouse/pointer event and is handy in solving problems. To map mouse button clicks to keystrokes you can use the alternate @@ -4334,7 +4338,7 @@ ied) Exactly what keystroke "scrolling" events they should be bound to depends on one's taste. If this method is too approximate, one could - consider not using [502]-buttonmap but rather configuring the X server + consider not using [503]-buttonmap but rather configuring the X server to think it has a mouse with 5 buttons even though the physical mouse does not. (e.g. 'Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"'). @@ -4364,7 +4368,7 @@ ied) Q-71: How can I get my AltGr and Shift modifiers to work between keyboards for different languages? - The option [503]-modtweak should help here. It is a mode that monitors + The option [504]-modtweak should help here. It is a mode that monitors the state of the Shift and AltGr Modifiers and tries to deduce the correct keycode to send, possibly by sending fake modifier key presses and releases in addition to the actual keystroke. @@ -4373,16 +4377,16 @@ ied) to get the old behavior). This was done because it was noticed on newer XFree86 setups even on bland "us" keyboards like "pc104 us" XFree86 included a "ghost" key with both "<" and ">" it. This key does - not exist on the keyboard (see [504]this FAQ for more info). Without + not exist on the keyboard (see [505]this FAQ for more info). Without -modtweak there was then an ambiguity in the reverse map keysym => keycode, making it so the "<" symbol could not be typed. - Also see the [505]FAQ about the -xkb option for a more powerful method + Also see the [506]FAQ about the -xkb option for a more powerful method of modifier tweaking for use on X servers with the XKEYBOARD extension. When trying to resolve keyboard mapping problems, note that the - [506]-debug_keyboard option prints out much info for every keystroke + [507]-debug_keyboard option prints out much info for every keystroke and so can be useful debugging things. @@ -4394,9 +4398,9 @@ ied) (e.g. pc105 in the XF86Config file when it should be something else, say pc104). - Short Cut: Try the [507]-xkb or [508]-sloppy_keys options and see if + Short Cut: Try the [508]-xkb or [509]-sloppy_keys options and see if that helps the situation. The discussion below is a bit outdated (e.g. - [509]-modtweak is now the default) but it is useful reference for + [510]-modtweak is now the default) but it is useful reference for various tricks and so is kept. @@ -4439,17 +4443,17 @@ ied) -remap less-comma These are convenient in that they do not modify the actual X server - settings. The former ([510]-modtweak) is a mode that monitors the + settings. The former ([511]-modtweak) is a mode that monitors the state of the Shift and AltGr modifiers and tries to deduce the correct keycode sequence to send. Since Jul/2004 -modtweak is now the default. - The latter ([511]-remap less-comma) is an immediate remapping of the + The latter ([512]-remap less-comma) is an immediate remapping of the keysym less to the keysym comma when it comes in from a client (so when Shift is down the comma press will yield "<"). - See also the [512]FAQ about the -xkb option as a possible workaround + See also the [513]FAQ about the -xkb option as a possible workaround using the XKEYBOARD extension. - Note that the [513]-debug_keyboard option prints out much info for + Note that the [514]-debug_keyboard option prints out much info for every keystroke to aid debugging keyboard problems. @@ -4457,13 +4461,13 @@ ied) (i.e. an extra comma). This is likely because you press "Shift" then "<" but then released - the Shift key before releasing the "<". Because of a [514]keymapping + the Shift key before releasing the "<". Because of a [515]keymapping ambiguity the last event "< up" is interpreted as "," because that key unshifted is the comma. - This should not happen in [515]-xkb mode, because it works hard to + This should not happen in [516]-xkb mode, because it works hard to resolve the ambiguities. If you do not want to use -xkb, try the - option [516]-sloppy_keys to attempt a similar type of algorithm. + option [517]-sloppy_keys to attempt a similar type of algorithm. Q-74: I'm using an "international" keyboard (e.g. German "de", or @@ -4487,7 +4491,7 @@ ied) In both cases no AltGr is sent to the VNC server, but we know AltGr is needed on the physical international keyboard to type a "@". - This all worked fine with x11vnc running with the [517]-modtweak + This all worked fine with x11vnc running with the [518]-modtweak option (it figures out how to adjust the Modifier keys (Shift or AltGr) to get the "@"). However it fails under recent versions of XFree86 (and the X.org fork). These run the XKEYBOARD extension by @@ -4504,7 +4508,7 @@ ied) * there is a new option -xkb to use the XKEYBOARD extension API to do the Modifier key tweaking. - The [518]-xkb option seems to fix all of the missing keys: "@", "<", + The [519]-xkb option seems to fix all of the missing keys: "@", "<", ">", etc.: it is recommended that you try it if you have this sort of problem. Let us know if there are any remaining problems (see the next paragraph for some known problems). If you specify the -debug_keyboard @@ -4512,7 +4516,7 @@ ied) debugging output (send it along with any problems you report). Update: as of Jun/2005 x11vnc will try to automatically enable - [519]-xkb if it appears that would be beneficial (e.g. if it sees any + [520]-xkb if it appears that would be beneficial (e.g. if it sees any of "@", "<", ">", "[" and similar keys are mapped in a way that needs the -xkb to access them). To disable this automatic check use -noxkb. @@ -4527,7 +4531,7 @@ ied) was attached to keycode 93 (no physical key generates this keycode) while ISO_Level3_Shift was attached to keycode 113. The keycode skipping option was used to disable the ghost key: - [520]-skip_keycodes 93 + [521]-skip_keycodes 93 * In implementing -xkb we noticed that some characters were still not getting through, e.g. "~" and "^". This is not really an XKEYBOARD problem. What was happening was the VNC viewer was @@ -4545,16 +4549,16 @@ ied) What to do? In general the VNC protocol has not really solved this problem: what should be done if the VNC viewer sends a keysym not recognized by the VNC server side? Workarounds can possibly be - created using the [521]-remap x11vnc option: + created using the [522]-remap x11vnc option: -remap asciitilde-dead_tilde,asciicircum-dead_circumflex etc. Use -remap filename if the list is long. Please send us your workarounds for this problem on your keyboard. Perhaps we can have x11vnc adjust automatically at some point. Also see the - [522]-add_keysyms option in the next paragraph. - Update: for convenience "[523]-remap DEAD" does many of these + [523]-add_keysyms option in the next paragraph. + Update: for convenience "[524]-remap DEAD" does many of these mappings at once. - * To complement the above workaround using the [524]-remap, an - option [525]-add_keysyms was added. This option instructs x11vnc + * To complement the above workaround using the [525]-remap, an + option [526]-add_keysyms was added. This option instructs x11vnc to bind any unknown Keysyms coming in from VNC viewers to unused Keycodes in the X server. This modifies the global state of the X server. When x11vnc exits it removes the extra keymappings it @@ -4573,7 +4577,7 @@ ied) Short answer: disable key autorepeating by running the command "xset r off" on the Xserver where x11vnc is run (restore via "xset r on") or - use the new (Jul/2004) [526]-norepeat x11vnc option. You will still + use the new (Jul/2004) [527]-norepeat x11vnc option. You will still have autorepeating because that is taken care of on your VNC viewer side. @@ -4597,7 +4601,7 @@ ied) off", does the problem go away? The workaround is to manually apply "xset r off" and "xset r on" as - needed, or to use the [527]-norepeat (which has since Dec/2004 been + needed, or to use the [528]-norepeat (which has since Dec/2004 been made the default). Note that with X server autorepeat turned off the VNC viewer side of the connection will (nearly always) do its own autorepeating so there is no big loss here, unless someone is also @@ -4608,7 +4612,7 @@ ied) keystrokes!! Are you using x11vnc to log in to an X session via display manager? - (as described in [528]this FAQ) If so, x11vnc is starting before your + (as described in [529]this FAQ) If so, x11vnc is starting before your session and it disables autorepeat when you connect, but then after you log in your session startup (GNOME, KDE, ...) could be resetting the autorepeat to be on. Or it could be something inside your desktop @@ -4632,7 +4636,7 @@ ied) machine where I run the VNC viewer does not. Is there a way I can map a local unused key to send an AltGr? How about a Compose key as well? - Something like "[529]-remap Super_R-Mode_switch" x11vnc option may + Something like "[530]-remap Super_R-Mode_switch" x11vnc option may work. Note that Super_R is the "Right Windoze(tm) Flaggie" key; you may want to choose another. The -debug_keyboard option comes in handy in finding keysym names (so does xev(1)). @@ -4655,7 +4659,7 @@ ied) Since xmodmap(1) modifies the X server mappings you may not want to do this (because it affects local work on that machine). Something like - the [530]-remap Alt_L-Meta_L to x11vnc may be sufficient for ones + the [531]-remap Alt_L-Meta_L to x11vnc may be sufficient for ones needs, and does not modify the X server environment. Note that you cannot send Alt_L in this case, maybe -remap Super_L-Meta_L would be a better choice if the Super_L key is typically unused in Unix. @@ -4666,7 +4670,7 @@ ied) This can be done directly in some X servers using AccessX and Pointer_EnableKeys, but is a bit awkward. It may be more convenient to - have x11vnc do the remapping. This can be done via the [531]-remap + have x11vnc do the remapping. This can be done via the [532]-remap option using the fake "keysyms" Button1, Button2, etc. as the "to" keys (i.e. the ones after the "-") @@ -4675,7 +4679,7 @@ ied) button "paste" because (using XFree86/Xorg Emulate3Buttons) you have to click both buttons on the touch pad at the same time. This remapping: - [532]-remap Super_R-Button2 + [533]-remap Super_R-Button2 maps the Super_R "flag" key press to the Button2 click, thereby making X pasting a bit easier. @@ -4694,10 +4698,10 @@ ied) Caps_Lock in the viewer your local machine goes into the Caps_Lock on state and sends keysym "A" say when you press "a". x11vnc will then fake things up so that Shift is held down to generate "A". The - [533]-skip_lockkeys option should help to accomplish this. For finer - grain control use something like: "[534]-remap Caps_Lock-None". + [534]-skip_lockkeys option should help to accomplish this. For finer + grain control use something like: "[535]-remap Caps_Lock-None". - Also try the [535]-nomodtweak and [536]-capslock options. + Also try the [536]-nomodtweak and [537]-capslock options. [Screen Related Issues and Features] @@ -4720,7 +4724,7 @@ ied) There may also be scaling viewers out there (e.g. TightVNC or UltraVNC on Windows) that automatically shrink or expand the remote framebuffer to fit the local display. Especially for hand-held devices. See also - [537]this FAQ on x11vnc scaling. + [538]this FAQ on x11vnc scaling. Q-82: Does x11vnc support server-side framebuffer scaling? (E.g. to @@ -4728,7 +4732,7 @@ ied) As of Jun/2004 x11vnc provides basic server-side scaling. It is a global scaling of the desktop, not a per-client setting. To enable it - use the "[538]-scale fraction" option. "fraction" can either be a + use the "[539]-scale fraction" option. "fraction" can either be a floating point number (e.g. -scale 0.5) or the alternative m/n fraction notation (e.g. -scale 3/4). Note that if fraction is greater than one the display is magnified. @@ -4749,7 +4753,7 @@ ied) One can also use the ":nb" with an integer scale factor (say "-scale 2:nb") to use x11vnc as a screen magnifier for vision impaired - [539]applications. Since with integer scale factors the framebuffers + [540]applications. Since with integer scale factors the framebuffers become huge and scaling operations time consuming, be sure to use ":nb" for the fastest response. @@ -4775,7 +4779,7 @@ ied) If one desires per-client scaling for something like 1:1 from a workstation and 1:2 from a smaller device (e.g. handheld), currently the only option is to run two (or more) x11vnc processes with - different scalings listening on separate ports ([540]-rfbport option, + different scalings listening on separate ports ([541]-rfbport option, etc.). Update: As of May/2006 x11vnc also supports the UltraVNC server-side @@ -4785,8 +4789,8 @@ ied) "-rfbversion 3.6" for this to be recognized by UltraVNC viewers. BTW, whenever you run two or more x11vnc's on the same X display and - use the [541]GUI, then to avoid all of the x11vnc's simultaneously - answering the gui you will need to use something like [542]"-connect + use the [542]GUI, then to avoid all of the x11vnc's simultaneously + answering the gui you will need to use something like [543]"-connect file1 -gui ..." with different connect files for each x11vnc you want to control via the gui (or remote-control). The "-connect file1" usage gives separate communication channels between a x11vnc proces and the @@ -4795,7 +4799,7 @@ ied) Update: As of Mar/2005 x11vnc now scales the mouse cursor with the same scale factor as the screen. If you don't want that, use the - [543]"-scale_cursor frac" option to set the cursor scaling to a + [544]"-scale_cursor frac" option to set the cursor scaling to a different factor (e.g. use "-scale_cursor 1" to keep the cursor at its natural unscaled size). @@ -4817,17 +4821,17 @@ ied) screen is not rectangular (e.g. 1280x1024 and 1024x768 monitors joined together), then there will be "non-existent" areas on the screen. The X server will return "garbage" image data for these areas and so they - may be distracting to the viewer. The [544]-blackout x11vnc option + may be distracting to the viewer. The [545]-blackout x11vnc option allows you to blacken-out rectangles by manually specifying their WxH+X+Y geometries. If your system has the libXinerama library, the - [545]-xinerama x11vnc option can be used to have it automatically + [546]-xinerama x11vnc option can be used to have it automatically determine the rectangles to be blackened out. (Note on 8bpp PseudoColor displays the fill color may not be black). Update: - [546]-xinerama is now on by default. + [547]-xinerama is now on by default. Some users have reported that the mouse does not behave properly for their Xinerama display: i.e. the mouse cannot be moved to all regions - of the large display. If this happens try using the [547]-xwarppointer + of the large display. If this happens try using the [548]-xwarppointer option. This instructs x11vnc to fake mouse pointer motions using the XWarpPointer function instead of the XTestFakeMotionEvent XTEST function. (This may be due to a bug in the X server for XTEST when @@ -4852,23 +4856,23 @@ ied) Note: if you are running on Solaris 8 or earlier you can easily hit up against the maximum of 6 shm segments per process (for Xsun in this case) from running multiple x11vnc processes. You should modify - /etc/system as mentioned in another [548]FAQ to increase the limit. It - is probably also a good idea to run with the [549]-onetile option in + /etc/system as mentioned in another [549]FAQ to increase the limit. It + is probably also a good idea to run with the [550]-onetile option in this case (to limit each x11vnc to 3 shm segments), or even - [550]-noshm to use no shm segments. + [551]-noshm to use no shm segments. Q-85: Can x11vnc show only a portion of the display? (E.g. for a special purpose rfb application). - As of Mar/2005 x11vnc has the "[551]-clip WxH+X+Y" option to select a + As of Mar/2005 x11vnc has the "[552]-clip WxH+X+Y" option to select a rectangle of width W, height H and offset (X, Y). Thus the VNC screen will be the clipped sub-region of the display and be only WxH in size. - One user used -clip to split up a large [552]Xinerama screen into two + One user used -clip to split up a large [553]Xinerama screen into two more managable smaller screens. This also works to view a sub-region of a single application window if - the [553]-id or [554]-sid options are used. The offset is measured + the [554]-id or [555]-sid options are used. The offset is measured from the upper left corner of the selected window. @@ -4877,7 +4881,7 @@ ied) crash. As of Dec/2004 x11vnc supports XRANDR. You enable it with the - [555]-xrandr option to make x11vnc monitor XRANDR events and also trap + [556]-xrandr option to make x11vnc monitor XRANDR events and also trap X server errors if the screen change occurred in the middle of an X call like XGetImage. Once it traps the screen change it will create a new framebuffer using the new screen. @@ -4887,7 +4891,7 @@ ied) then the viewer will automatically resize. Otherwise, the new framebuffer is fit as best as possible into the original viewer size (portions of the screen may be clipped, unused, etc). For these - viewers you can try the [556]-padgeom option to make the region big + viewers you can try the [557]-padgeom option to make the region big enough to hold all resizes and rotations. If you specify "-xrandr newfbsize" then vnc viewers that do not @@ -4955,9 +4959,9 @@ ied) * Fullscreen mode The way VMWare does Fullscreen mode on Linux is to display the Guest - desktop in a separate Virtual Console (e.g. VC 8) (see [557]this FAQ + desktop in a separate Virtual Console (e.g. VC 8) (see [558]this FAQ on VC's for background). Unfortunately, this Fullscreen VC is not an X - server. So x11vnc cannot access it (however, [558]see this discussion + server. So x11vnc cannot access it (however, [559]see this discussion of -rawfb for a possible workaround). x11vnc works fine with "Normal X application window" and "Quick-Switch mode" because these use X. @@ -4978,13 +4982,13 @@ ied) improve response. One can also cut the display depth (e.g. to 16bpp) in this 2nd X session to improve video performance. This 2nd X session emulates Fullscreen mode to some degree and can be viewed via x11vnc - as long as the VMWare X session [559]is in the active VC. + as long as the VMWare X session [560]is in the active VC. Also note that with a little bit of playing with "xwininfo -all -children" output one can extract the (non-toplevel) windowid of the of the Guest desktop only when VMWare is running as a normal X application. Then one can export just the guest desktop (i.e. without - the VMWare menu buttons) by use of the [560]-id windowid option. The + the VMWare menu buttons) by use of the [561]-id windowid option. The caveats are the X session VMWare is in must be in the active VC and the window must be fully visible, so this mode is not terribly convenient, but could be useful in some circumstances (e.g. running @@ -4997,10 +5001,10 @@ ied) controlled) via VNC with x11vnc? As of Apr/2005 there is support for this. Two options were added: - "[561]-rawfb string" (to indicate the raw framembuffer device, file, - etc. and its parameters) and "[562]-pipeinput command" (to provide an + "[562]-rawfb string" (to indicate the raw framembuffer device, file, + etc. and its parameters) and "[563]-pipeinput command" (to provide an external program that will inject or otherwise process mouse and - keystroke input). Some useful [563]-pipeinput schemes, VID, CONSOLE, + keystroke input). Some useful [564]-pipeinput schemes, VID, CONSOLE, and UINPUT, have since been built into x11vnc for convenience. This non-X mode for x11vnc is somewhat experimental because it is so @@ -5038,9 +5042,9 @@ ied) access method). Only use file if map isn't working. BTW, "mmap" is an alias for "map" and if you do not supply a type and the file exists, map is assumed (see the -help output and below for some exceptions to - this). The "snap:" setting applies the [564]-snapfb option with + this). The "snap:" setting applies the [565]-snapfb option with "file:" type reading (this is useful for exporting webcams or TV tuner - video; see [565]the next FAQ for more info). + video; see [566]the next FAQ for more info). Also, if the string is of the form "setup:cmd" then cmd is run and the first line of its output retrieved and used as the rawfb string. This @@ -5081,7 +5085,7 @@ ied) screen to either shm or a mapped file. The format of these is XWD and so the initial header should be skipped. BTW, since XWD is not strictly RGB the view will only be approximate, but usable. Of course - for the case of Xvfb x11vnc can poll it much better via the [566]X + for the case of Xvfb x11vnc can poll it much better via the [567]X API, but you get the idea. By default in -rawfb mode x11vnc will actually close any X display it @@ -5110,13 +5114,13 @@ ied) tty1-tty6), or X graphical display (usually starting at tty7). In addition to text console may be other graphical ones may be viewed and interacted with, e.g. SVGAlib apps, VMWare non-X fullscreen, or - [567]Qt-embedded apps (PDAs/Handhelds). By default the pipeinput + [568]Qt-embedded apps (PDAs/Handhelds). By default the pipeinput mechanisms UINPUT and CONSOLE (keystrokes only) are automatically attempted in this mode under "-rawfb console". The Video4Linux Capture device, /dev/video0, etc is either a Webcam or a TV capture device and needs to have its driver enable in the kernel. - See [568]this FAQ for details. If specified via "-rawfb Video" then + See [569]this FAQ for details. If specified via "-rawfb Video" then the pipeinput method "VID" is applied (it lets you change video parameters dynamically via keystrokes). @@ -5124,10 +5128,10 @@ ied) also useful in testing. - All of the above [569]-rawfb options are just for viewing the raw + All of the above [570]-rawfb options are just for viewing the raw framebuffer (although some of the aliases do imply keystroke and mouse pipeinput methods). That may be enough for certain applications of - this feature (e.g. suppose a [570]video camera mapped its framebuffer + this feature (e.g. suppose a [571]video camera mapped its framebuffer into memory and you just wanted to look at it via VNC). To handle the pointer and keyboard input from the viewer users the "-pipeinput cmd" option was added to indicate a helper program to @@ -5165,7 +5169,7 @@ ied) keystrokes into the Linux console (e.g. the virtual consoles: /dev/tty1, /dev/tty2, etc) in x11vnc/misc/vcinject.pl. It is based on the vncterm/LinuxVNC.c program also in the libvncserver CVS. So to - view and interact with VC #2 (assuming it is the [571]active VC) one + view and interact with VC #2 (assuming it is the [572]active VC) one can run something like: x11vnc -rawfb map:/dev/fb0@1024x768x16 -pipeinput './vcinject.pl 2' @@ -5220,7 +5224,7 @@ ied) better to use the more accurate and faster LinuxVNC program. The advantage x11vnc -rawfb might have is that it can allow interaction with a non-text application, e.g. one based on SVGAlib or - [572]Qt-embedded Also, for example the [573]VMWare Fullscreen mode is + [573]Qt-embedded Also, for example the [574]VMWare Fullscreen mode is actually viewable under -rawfb and can be interacted with if uinput is enabled. @@ -5240,9 +5244,9 @@ ied) Q-92: Can I export via VNC a Webcam or TV tuner framebuffer using x11vnc? - Yes, this is possible to some degree with the [574]-rawfb option. + Yes, this is possible to some degree with the [575]-rawfb option. There is no X11 involved: snapshots from the video capture device are - used for the screen image data. See the [575]previous FAQ on -rawfb + used for the screen image data. See the [576]previous FAQ on -rawfb for background. For best results, use x11vnc version 0.8.1 or later. Roughly, one would do something like this: @@ -5254,7 +5258,7 @@ ied) snapshot to a file that you point -rawfb to; ask me if it is not clear what to do). - The "snap:" enforces [576]-snapfb mode which appears to be necessary. + The "snap:" enforces [577]-snapfb mode which appears to be necessary. The read pointer for video capture devices cannot be repositioned (which would be needed for scanline polling), but you can read a full frame of data from the device. @@ -5276,7 +5280,7 @@ ied) Many video4linux drivers tend to set the framebuffer to be 24bpp (as opposed to 32bpp). Since this can cause problems with VNC viewers, - etc, the [577]-24to32 option will be automatically imposed when in + etc, the [578]-24to32 option will be automatically imposed when in 24bpp. Note that by its very nature, video capture involves rapid change in @@ -5284,7 +5288,7 @@ ied) wavering in brightness is always happening. This can lead to much network bandwidth consumption for the VNC traffic and also local CPU and I/O resource usage. You may want to experiment with "dialing down" - the framerate via the [578]-wait, [579]-slow_fb, or [580]-defer + the framerate via the [579]-wait, [580]-slow_fb, or [581]-defer options. Decreasing the window size and bpp also helps. @@ -5373,7 +5377,7 @@ ied) format to HI240, RGB565, RGB24, RGB32, RGB555, and GREY respectively. See -rawfb video for details. - See also the [581]-freqtab option to supply your own xawtv channel to + See also the [582]-freqtab option to supply your own xawtv channel to frequency mappings for your country (only ntsc-cable-us is built into x11vnc). @@ -5382,7 +5386,7 @@ ied) running on my handheld or PC using the Linux console framebuffer (i.e. not X11)? - Yes, the basic method for this is the [582]-rawfb scheme where the + Yes, the basic method for this is the [583]-rawfb scheme where the Linux console framebuffer (usually /dev/fb0) is polled and the uinput driver is used to inject keystrokes and mouse input. Often you will just have to type: @@ -5395,7 +5399,7 @@ ied) x11vnc -rawfb /dev/fb0@640x480x16 Also, to force usage of the uinput injection method use "-pipeinput - UINPUT". See the [583]-pipeinput description for tunable parameters, + UINPUT". See the [584]-pipeinput description for tunable parameters, etc. One problem with the x11vnc uinput scheme is that it cannot guess the @@ -5411,7 +5415,7 @@ ied) Even with the correct acceleration setting there is stil some drift (probably because of the mouse threshold where the acceleration kicks in) and so x11vnc needs to reposition the cursor from 0,0 about 5 - times a second. See the [584]-pipeinput UINPUT option for tuning + times a second. See the [585]-pipeinput UINPUT option for tuning parameters that can be set (there are some experimental thresh=N tuning parameters as well) @@ -5438,12 +5442,24 @@ ied) which is often what is desired from VNC. - Q-94: Can I use x11vnc to record a Shock Wave Flash (or other format) + Q-94: Now that non-X11 devices can be exported via VNC using x11vnc, + can I build it with no dependencies on X11 header files and libraries? + + Yes, as of Jul/2006 x11vnc supports building for [586]-rawfb only + support. Just do something like when building: + ./configure --without-x (plus any other flags) + make + + You can then test via "ldd x11vnc" that the binary does not depend on + libX11.so, etc. + + + Q-95: Can I use x11vnc to record a Shock Wave Flash (or other format) video of my desktop, e.g. to record a tutorial or demo? Yes, it is possible with a number of tools that record VNC and transform it to swf format or others. One such popular tool is - [585]pyvnc2swf. There are a number of [586]tutorials on how to do + [587]pyvnc2swf. There are a number of [588]tutorials on how to do this. Another option is to use the vnc2mpg that comes in the LibVNCServer package. An important thing to remember when doing this is that tuning @@ -5453,24 +5469,24 @@ ied) [Misc: Clipboard, File Transfer, Sound, Beeps, Thanks, etc.] - Q-95: Does the Clipboard/Selection get transferred between the + Q-96: Does the Clipboard/Selection get transferred between the vncviewer and the X display? As of Jan/2004 x11vnc supports the "CutText" part of the rfb protocol. Furthermore, x11vnc is able to hold the PRIMARY and CLIPBOARD selection (Xvnc does not seem to do this). If you don't want the - Clipboard/Selection exchanged use the [587]-nosel option. If you don't + Clipboard/Selection exchanged use the [589]-nosel option. If you don't want the PRIMARY selection to be polled for changes use the - [588]-noprimary option. (with a similar thing for CLIPBOARD). You can - also fine-tune it a bit with the [589]-seldir dir option and also - [590]-input. + [590]-noprimary option. (with a similar thing for CLIPBOARD). You can + also fine-tune it a bit with the [591]-seldir dir option and also + [592]-input. You may need to watch out for desktop utilities such as KDE's "Klipper" that do odd things with the selection, clipboard, and cutbuffers. - Q-96: Can I transfer files back and forth with x11vnc? + Q-97: Can I transfer files back and forth with x11vnc? As of Oct/2005 and May/2006 x11vnc enables, respectively, the TightVNC and UltraVNC file transfer implementations that were added to @@ -5478,7 +5494,7 @@ ied) (and Windows viewers only support filetransfer it appears). TightVNC file transfer is on by default, if you want to disable it use - the [591]-nofilexfer option. UltraVNC file transfer is currently off + the [593]-nofilexfer option. UltraVNC file transfer is currently off by default, to enable it use something like "-rfbversion 3.6 -permitfiletransfer" options (UltraVNC incorrectly uses the RFB protocol version to @@ -5486,7 +5502,7 @@ ied) be version 3.6). - Q-97: How can I hear the sound (audio) from the remote applications on + Q-98: How can I hear the sound (audio) from the remote applications on the desktop I am viewing via x11vnc? You will have to use an external network audio mechanism for this. @@ -5582,7 +5598,7 @@ or: the applications will fail to run because LD_PRELOAD will point to libraries of the wrong wordsize. - Q-98: Why don't I hear the "Beeps" in my X session (e.g. when typing + Q-99: Why don't I hear the "Beeps" in my X session (e.g. when typing tput bel in an xterm)? As of Dec/2003 "Beep" XBell events are tracked by default. The X @@ -5590,16 +5606,16 @@ or: in Solaris, see Xserver(1) for how to turn it on via +kb), and so you won't hear them if the extension is not present. - If you don't want to hear the beeps use the [592]-nobell option. If + If you don't want to hear the beeps use the [594]-nobell option. If you want to hear the audio from the remote applications, consider - trying a [593]redirector such as esd. + trying a [595]redirector such as esd. Contributions: - Q-99: Thanks for your program and for your help! Can I make a + Q-100: Thanks for your program and for your help! Can I make a donation? Please do (any amount is appreciated) and thank you for your support! @@ -5818,390 +5834,392 @@ References 207. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-rawfb 208. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-video 209. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-qt-embedded - 210. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-record-swf - 211. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-clipboard - 212. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-filexfer - 213. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-sound - 214. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-beeps - 215. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-thanks - 216. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-display - 217. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-auth - 218. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-display-manager - 219. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-users - 220. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#solarisbuilding - 221. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_sunos4.html - 222. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#building - 223. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-build - 224. http://packages.debian.org/x11vnc - 225. http://www.linuxpackages.net/search_view.php?by=name&name=x11vnc - 226. http://dag.wieers.com/packages/x11vnc/ - 227. http://dries.ulyssis.org/rpm/packages/x11vnc/info.html - 228. http://linux01.gwdg.de/~pbleser/rpm-navigation.php?cat=Network/x11vnc/ - 229. http://www.sunfreeware.com/ - 230. http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?query=x11vnc&stype=all - 231. http://www.freshports.org/net/x11vnc - 232. http://www.openbsd.org/3.9_packages/i386/x11vnc-0.6.2.tgz-long.html - 233. http://pkgsrc.se/x11/x11vnc - 234. http://mike.saunby.net/770/x11vnc/ - 235. http://www.pdaxrom.org/ipk_feed.php?menuid=11&showfeed=unstable#x11vnc - 236. http://www.focv.com/ipkg/ - 237. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/bins - 238. http://www.tightvnc.com/download.html - 239. http://www.realvnc.com/download-free.html - 240. http://sourceforge.net/projects/cotvnc/ - 241. http://www.ultravnc.com/ - 242. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html - 243. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-gui - 244. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-gui-tray - 245. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-q - 246. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-bg - 247. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-o - 248. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#solarisbuilding - 249. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-nofb - 250. http://fredrik.hubbe.net/x2vnc.html - 251. http://www.hubbe.net/~hubbe/win2vnc.html - 252. http://www.deboer.gmxhome.de/ - 253. http://sourceforge.net/projects/win2vnc/ - 254. http://fredrik.hubbe.net/x2vnc.html - 255. http://freshmeat.net/projects/x2x/ - 256. http://ftp.digital.com/pub/Digital/SRC/x2x/ - 257. http://zapek.com/software/zvnc/ - 258. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-visual - 259. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-flashcmap - 260. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-8to24 - 261. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-notruecolor - 262. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-8bpp - 263. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-overlay - 264. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-8to24 - 265. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-overlay - 266. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-8to24 - 267. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-flashcmap - 268. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-fixscreen - 269. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-8to24 - 270. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-id - 271. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-8to24 - 272. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-overlay - 273. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-overlays - 274. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-id - 275. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-sid - 276. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-24to32 - 277. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-display - 278. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-noshm - 279. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-flipbyteorder - 280. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-auth - 281. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#xauth_pain - 282. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-noshm - 283. http://wwws.sun.com/sunray/index.html - 284. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/sunray.html - 285. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-remote - 286. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-query - 287. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-forever - 288. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-bg - 289. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-clear_mods - 290. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-clear_keys - 291. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-remote - 292. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-query - 293. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-gui - 294. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-storepasswd - 295. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-rfbauth - 296. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-passwdfile - 297. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-usepw - 298. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-viewpasswd - 299. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-passwd - 300. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-passwdfile - 301. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-rfbauth - 302. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-passwdfile - 303. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-unixpw - 304. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-unixpw_nis - 305. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-localhost - 306. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-stunnel - 307. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ssl + 210. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-no-x11 + 211. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-record-swf + 212. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-clipboard + 213. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-filexfer + 214. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-sound + 215. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-beeps + 216. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-thanks + 217. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-display + 218. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-auth + 219. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-display-manager + 220. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-users + 221. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#solarisbuilding + 222. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_sunos4.html + 223. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#building + 224. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-build + 225. http://packages.debian.org/x11vnc + 226. http://www.linuxpackages.net/search_view.php?by=name&name=x11vnc + 227. http://dag.wieers.com/packages/x11vnc/ + 228. http://dries.ulyssis.org/rpm/packages/x11vnc/info.html + 229. http://linux01.gwdg.de/~pbleser/rpm-navigation.php?cat=Network/x11vnc/ + 230. http://www.sunfreeware.com/ + 231. http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?query=x11vnc&stype=all + 232. http://www.freshports.org/net/x11vnc + 233. http://www.openbsd.org/3.9_packages/i386/x11vnc-0.6.2.tgz-long.html + 234. http://pkgsrc.se/x11/x11vnc + 235. http://mike.saunby.net/770/x11vnc/ + 236. http://www.pdaxrom.org/ipk_feed.php?menuid=11&showfeed=unstable#x11vnc + 237. http://www.focv.com/ipkg/ + 238. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/bins + 239. http://www.tightvnc.com/download.html + 240. http://www.realvnc.com/download-free.html + 241. http://sourceforge.net/projects/cotvnc/ + 242. http://www.ultravnc.com/ + 243. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html + 244. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-gui + 245. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-gui-tray + 246. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-q + 247. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-bg + 248. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-o + 249. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#solarisbuilding + 250. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-nofb + 251. http://fredrik.hubbe.net/x2vnc.html + 252. http://www.hubbe.net/~hubbe/win2vnc.html + 253. http://www.deboer.gmxhome.de/ + 254. http://sourceforge.net/projects/win2vnc/ + 255. http://fredrik.hubbe.net/x2vnc.html + 256. http://freshmeat.net/projects/x2x/ + 257. http://ftp.digital.com/pub/Digital/SRC/x2x/ + 258. http://zapek.com/software/zvnc/ + 259. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-visual + 260. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-flashcmap + 261. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-8to24 + 262. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-notruecolor + 263. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-8bpp + 264. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-overlay + 265. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-8to24 + 266. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-overlay + 267. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-8to24 + 268. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-flashcmap + 269. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-fixscreen + 270. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-8to24 + 271. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-id + 272. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-8to24 + 273. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-overlay + 274. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-overlays + 275. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-id + 276. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-sid + 277. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-24to32 + 278. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-display + 279. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-noshm + 280. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-flipbyteorder + 281. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-auth + 282. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#xauth_pain + 283. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-noshm + 284. http://wwws.sun.com/sunray/index.html + 285. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/sunray.html + 286. 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+7395,7 @@ x11vnc: a VNC server for real X displays Here are all of x11vnc command line options: % x11vnc -opts (see below for -help long descriptions) -x11vnc: allow VNC connections to real X11 displays. 0.8.3 lastmod: 2006-07-15 +x11vnc: allow VNC connections to real X11 displays. 0.8.3 lastmod: 2006-07-17 x11vnc options: -display disp -auth file -id windowid @@ -7475,7 +7493,7 @@ libvncserver-tight-extension options: % x11vnc -help -x11vnc: allow VNC connections to real X11 displays. 0.8.3 lastmod: 2006-07-15 +x11vnc: allow VNC connections to real X11 displays. 0.8.3 lastmod: 2006-07-17 (type "x11vnc -opts" to just list the options.) |
