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diff --git a/doc/filters.texi b/doc/filters.texi index 2bd013d..76a73e6 100644 --- a/doc/filters.texi +++ b/doc/filters.texi @@ -1,3 +1,92 @@ +@chapter Filtering Introduction +@c man begin FILTERING INTRODUCTION + +Filtering in FFmpeg is enabled through the libavfilter library. + +In libavfilter, it is possible for filters to have multiple inputs and +multiple outputs. +To illustrate the sorts of things that are possible, we can +use a complex filter graph. For example, the following one: + +@example +input --> split ---------------------> overlay --> output + | ^ + | | + +-----> crop --> vflip -------+ +@end example + +splits the stream in two streams, sends one stream through the crop filter +and the vflip filter before merging it back with the other stream by +overlaying it on top. You can use the following command to achieve this: + +@example +ffmpeg -i input -vf "[in] split [T1], [T2] overlay=0:H/2 [out]; [T1] crop=iw:ih/2:0:ih/2, vflip [T2]" output +@end example + +The result will be that in output the top half of the video is mirrored +onto the bottom half. + +Filters are loaded using the @var{-vf} or @var{-af} option passed to +@command{ffmpeg} or to @command{ffplay}. Filters in the same linear +chain are separated by commas. In our example, @var{split, +overlay} are in one linear chain, and @var{crop, vflip} are in +another. The points where the linear chains join are labeled by names +enclosed in square brackets. In our example, that is @var{[T1]} and +@var{[T2]}. The special labels @var{[in]} and @var{[out]} are the points +where video is input and output. + +Some filters take in input a list of parameters: they are specified +after the filter name and an equal sign, and are separated from each other +by a colon. + +There exist so-called @var{source filters} that do not have an +audio/video input, and @var{sink filters} that will not have audio/video +output. + +@c man end FILTERING INTRODUCTION + +@chapter graph2dot +@c man begin GRAPH2DOT + +The @file{graph2dot} program included in the FFmpeg @file{tools} +directory can be used to parse a filter graph description and issue a +corresponding textual representation in the dot language. + +Invoke the command: +@example +graph2dot -h +@end example + +to see how to use @file{graph2dot}. + +You can then pass the dot description to the @file{dot} program (from +the graphviz suite of programs) and obtain a graphical representation +of the filter graph. + +For example the sequence of commands: +@example +echo @var{GRAPH_DESCRIPTION} | \ +tools/graph2dot -o graph.tmp && \ +dot -Tpng graph.tmp -o graph.png && \ +display graph.png +@end example + +can be used to create and display an image representing the graph +described by the @var{GRAPH_DESCRIPTION} string. Note that this string must be +a complete self-contained graph, with its inputs and outputs explicitly defined. +For example if your command line is of the form: +@example +ffmpeg -i infile -vf scale=640:360 outfile +@end example +your @var{GRAPH_DESCRIPTION} string will need to be of the form: +@example +nullsrc,scale=640:360,nullsink +@end example +you may also need to set the @var{nullsrc} parameters and add a @var{format} +filter in order to simulate a specific input file. + +@c man end GRAPH2DOT + @chapter Filtergraph description @c man begin FILTERGRAPH DESCRIPTION @@ -19,7 +108,7 @@ output pads is called a "sink". A filtergraph can be represented using a textual representation, which is recognized by the @option{-filter}/@option{-vf} and @option{-filter_complex} -options in @command{avconv} and @option{-vf} in @command{avplay}, and by the +options in @command{ffmpeg} and @option{-vf} in @command{ffplay}, and by the @code{avfilter_graph_parse()}/@code{avfilter_graph_parse2()} function defined in @file{libavfilter/avfiltergraph.h}. @@ -95,21 +184,486 @@ Follows a BNF description for the filtergraph syntax: @var{FILTERGRAPH} ::= [sws_flags=@var{flags};] @var{FILTERCHAIN} [;@var{FILTERGRAPH}] @end example +@section Notes on filtergraph escaping + +Some filter arguments require the use of special characters, typically +@code{:} to separate key=value pairs in a named options list. In this +case the user should perform a first level escaping when specifying +the filter arguments. For example, consider the following literal +string to be embedded in the @ref{drawtext} filter arguments: +@example +this is a 'string': may contain one, or more, special characters +@end example + +Since @code{:} is special for the filter arguments syntax, it needs to +be escaped, so you get: +@example +text=this is a \'string\'\: may contain one, or more, special characters +@end example + +A second level of escaping is required when embedding the filter +arguments in a filtergraph description, in order to escape all the +filtergraph special characters. Thus the example above becomes: +@example +drawtext=text=this is a \\\'string\\\'\\: may contain one\, or more\, special characters +@end example + +Finally an additional level of escaping may be needed when writing the +filtergraph description in a shell command, which depends on the +escaping rules of the adopted shell. For example, assuming that +@code{\} is special and needs to be escaped with another @code{\}, the +previous string will finally result in: +@example +-vf "drawtext=text=this is a \\\\\\'string\\\\\\'\\\\: may contain one\\, or more\\, special characters" +@end example + +Sometimes, it might be more convenient to employ quoting in place of +escaping. For example the string: +@example +Caesar: tu quoque, Brute, fili mi +@end example + +Can be quoted in the filter arguments as: +@example +text='Caesar: tu quoque, Brute, fili mi' +@end example + +And finally inserted in a filtergraph like: +@example +drawtext=text=\'Caesar: tu quoque\, Brute\, fili mi\' +@end example + +See the ``Quoting and escaping'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual +for more information about the escaping and quoting rules adopted by +FFmpeg. + @c man end FILTERGRAPH DESCRIPTION @chapter Audio Filters @c man begin AUDIO FILTERS -When you configure your Libav build, you can disable any of the -existing filters using --disable-filters. +When you configure your FFmpeg build, you can disable any of the +existing filters using @code{--disable-filters}. The configure output will show the audio filters included in your build. Below is a description of the currently available audio filters. +@section aconvert + +Convert the input audio format to the specified formats. + +The filter accepts a string of the form: +"@var{sample_format}:@var{channel_layout}". + +@var{sample_format} specifies the sample format, and can be a string or the +corresponding numeric value defined in @file{libavutil/samplefmt.h}. Use 'p' +suffix for a planar sample format. + +@var{channel_layout} specifies the channel layout, and can be a string +or the corresponding number value defined in @file{libavutil/channel_layout.h}. + +The special parameter "auto", signifies that the filter will +automatically select the output format depending on the output filter. + +Some examples follow. + +@itemize +@item +Convert input to float, planar, stereo: +@example +aconvert=fltp:stereo +@end example + +@item +Convert input to unsigned 8-bit, automatically select out channel layout: +@example +aconvert=u8:auto +@end example +@end itemize + +@section allpass + +Apply a two-pole all-pass filter with central frequency (in Hz) +@var{frequency}, and filter-width @var{width}. +An all-pass filter changes the audio's frequency to phase relationship +without changing its frequency to amplitude relationship. + +The filter accepts parameters as a list of @var{key}=@var{value} +pairs, separated by ":". + +A description of the accepted parameters follows. + +@table @option +@item frequency, f +Set frequency in Hz. + +@item width_type +Set method to specify band-width of filter. +@table @option +@item h +Hz +@item q +Q-Factor +@item o +octave +@item s +slope +@end table + +@item width, w +Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units. +@end table + +@section highpass + +Apply a high-pass filter with 3dB point frequency. +The filter can be either single-pole, or double-pole (the default). +The filter roll off at 6dB per pole per octave (20dB per pole per decade). + +The filter accepts parameters as a list of @var{key}=@var{value} +pairs, separated by ":". + +A description of the accepted parameters follows. + +@table @option +@item frequency, f +Set frequency in Hz. Default is 3000. + +@item poles, p +Set number of poles. Default is 2. + +@item width_type +Set method to specify band-width of filter. +@table @option +@item h +Hz +@item q +Q-Factor +@item o +octave +@item s +slope +@end table + +@item width, w +Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units. +Applies only to double-pole filter. +The default is 0.707q and gives a Butterworth response. +@end table + +@section lowpass + +Apply a low-pass filter with 3dB point frequency. +The filter can be either single-pole or double-pole (the default). +The filter roll off at 6dB per pole per octave (20dB per pole per decade). + +The filter accepts parameters as a list of @var{key}=@var{value} +pairs, separated by ":". + +A description of the accepted parameters follows. + +@table @option +@item frequency, f +Set frequency in Hz. Default is 500. + +@item poles, p +Set number of poles. Default is 2. + +@item width_type +Set method to specify band-width of filter. +@table @option +@item h +Hz +@item q +Q-Factor +@item o +octave +@item s +slope +@end table + +@item width, w +Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units. +Applies only to double-pole filter. +The default is 0.707q and gives a Butterworth response. +@end table + +@section bass + +Boost or cut the bass (lower) frequencies of the audio using a two-pole +shelving filter with a response similar to that of a standard +hi-fi's tone-controls. This is also known as shelving equalisation (EQ). + +The filter accepts parameters as a list of @var{key}=@var{value} +pairs, separated by ":". + +A description of the accepted parameters follows. + +@table @option +@item gain, g +Give the gain at 0 Hz. Its useful range is about -20 +(for a large cut) to +20 (for a large boost). +Beware of clipping when using a positive gain. + +@item frequency, f +Set the filter's central frequency and so can be used +to extend or reduce the frequency range to be boosted or cut. +The default value is @code{100} Hz. + +@item width_type +Set method to specify band-width of filter. +@table @option +@item h +Hz +@item q +Q-Factor +@item o +octave +@item s +slope +@end table + +@item width, w +Determine how steep is the filter's shelf transition. +@end table + +@section treble + +Boost or cut treble (upper) frequencies of the audio using a two-pole +shelving filter with a response similar to that of a standard +hi-fi's tone-controls. This is also known as shelving equalisation (EQ). + +The filter accepts parameters as a list of @var{key}=@var{value} +pairs, separated by ":". + +A description of the accepted parameters follows. + +@table @option +@item gain, g +Give the gain at whichever is the lower of ~22 kHz and the +Nyquist frequency. Its useful range is about -20 (for a large cut) +to +20 (for a large boost). Beware of clipping when using a positive gain. + +@item frequency, f +Set the filter's central frequency and so can be used +to extend or reduce the frequency range to be boosted or cut. +The default value is @code{3000} Hz. + +@item width_type +Set method to specify band-width of filter. +@table @option +@item h +Hz +@item q +Q-Factor +@item o +octave +@item s +slope +@end table + +@item width, w +Determine how steep is the filter's shelf transition. +@end table + +@section bandpass + +Apply a two-pole Butterworth band-pass filter with central +frequency @var{frequency}, and (3dB-point) band-width width. +The @var{csg} option selects a constant skirt gain (peak gain = Q) +instead of the default: constant 0dB peak gain. +The filter roll off at 6dB per octave (20dB per decade). + +The filter accepts parameters as a list of @var{key}=@var{value} +pairs, separated by ":". + +A description of the accepted parameters follows. + +@table @option +@item frequency, f +Set the filter's central frequency. Default is @code{3000}. + +@item csg +Constant skirt gain if set to 1. Defaults to 0. + +@item width_type +Set method to specify band-width of filter. +@table @option +@item h +Hz +@item q +Q-Factor +@item o +octave +@item s +slope +@end table + +@item width, w +Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units. +@end table + +@section bandreject + +Apply a two-pole Butterworth band-reject filter with central +frequency @var{frequency}, and (3dB-point) band-width @var{width}. +The filter roll off at 6dB per octave (20dB per decade). + +The filter accepts parameters as a list of @var{key}=@var{value} +pairs, separated by ":". + +A description of the accepted parameters follows. + +@table @option +@item frequency, f +Set the filter's central frequency. Default is @code{3000}. + +@item width_type +Set method to specify band-width of filter. +@table @option +@item h +Hz +@item q +Q-Factor +@item o +octave +@item s +slope +@end table + +@item width, w +Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units. +@end table + +@section biquad + +Apply a biquad IIR filter with the given coefficients. +Where @var{b0}, @var{b1}, @var{b2} and @var{a0}, @var{a1}, @var{a2} +are the numerator and denominator coefficients respectively. + +@section equalizer + +Apply a two-pole peaking equalisation (EQ) filter. With this +filter, the signal-level at and around a selected frequency can +be increased or decreased, whilst (unlike bandpass and bandreject +filters) that at all other frequencies is unchanged. + +In order to produce complex equalisation curves, this filter can +be given several times, each with a different central frequency. + +The filter accepts parameters as a list of @var{key}=@var{value} +pairs, separated by ":". + +A description of the accepted parameters follows. + +@table @option +@item frequency, f +Set the filter's central frequency in Hz. + +@item width_type +Set method to specify band-width of filter. +@table @option +@item h +Hz +@item q +Q-Factor +@item o +octave +@item s +slope +@end table + +@item width, w +Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units. + +@item gain, g +Set the required gain or attenuation in dB. +Beware of clipping when using a positive gain. +@end table + +@section afade + +Apply fade-in/out effect to input audio. + +The filter accepts parameters as a list of @var{key}=@var{value} +pairs, separated by ":". + +A description of the accepted parameters follows. + +@table @option +@item type, t +Specify the effect type, can be either @code{in} for fade-in, or +@code{out} for a fade-out effect. Default is @code{in}. + +@item start_sample, ss +Specify the number of the start sample for starting to apply the fade +effect. Default is 0. + +@item nb_samples, ns +Specify the number of samples for which the fade effect has to last. At +the end of the fade-in effect the output audio will have the same +volume as the input audio, at the end of the fade-out transition +the output audio will be silence. Default is 44100. + +@item start_time, st +Specify time in seconds for starting to apply the fade +effect. Default is 0. +If set this option is used instead of @var{start_sample} one. + +@item duration, d +Specify the number of seconds for which the fade effect has to last. At +the end of the fade-in effect the output audio will have the same +volume as the input audio, at the end of the fade-out transition +the output audio will be silence. Default is 0. +If set this option is used instead of @var{nb_samples} one. + +@item curve +Set curve for fade transition. + +It accepts the following values: +@table @option +@item tri +select triangular, linear slope (default) +@item qsin +select quarter of sine wave +@item hsin +select half of sine wave +@item esin +select exponential sine wave +@item log +select logarithmic +@item par +select inverted parabola +@item qua +select quadratic +@item cub +select cubic +@item squ +select square root +@item cbr +select cubic root +@end table +@end table + +@subsection Examples +@itemize +@item +Fade in first 15 seconds of audio: +@example +afade=t=in:ss=0:d=15 +@end example + +@item +Fade out last 25 seconds of a 900 seconds audio: +@example +afade=t=out:ss=875:d=25 +@end example +@end itemize + @section aformat -Convert the input audio to one of the specified formats. The framework will +Set output format constraints for the input audio. The framework will negotiate the most appropriate format to minimize conversions. The filter accepts the following named parameters: @@ -130,7 +684,59 @@ If a parameter is omitted, all values are allowed. For example to force the output to either unsigned 8-bit or signed 16-bit stereo: @example -aformat=sample_fmts\=u8\,s16:channel_layouts\=stereo +aformat='sample_fmts=u8,s16:channel_layouts=stereo' +@end example + +@section amerge + +Merge two or more audio streams into a single multi-channel stream. + +The filter accepts the following named options: + +@table @option + +@item inputs +Set the number of inputs. Default is 2. + +@end table + +If the channel layouts of the inputs are disjoint, and therefore compatible, +the channel layout of the output will be set accordingly and the channels +will be reordered as necessary. If the channel layouts of the inputs are not +disjoint, the output will have all the channels of the first input then all +the channels of the second input, in that order, and the channel layout of +the output will be the default value corresponding to the total number of +channels. + +For example, if the first input is in 2.1 (FL+FR+LF) and the second input +is FC+BL+BR, then the output will be in 5.1, with the channels in the +following order: a1, a2, b1, a3, b2, b3 (a1 is the first channel of the +first input, b1 is the first channel of the second input). + +On the other hand, if both input are in stereo, the output channels will be +in the default order: a1, a2, b1, b2, and the channel layout will be +arbitrarily set to 4.0, which may or may not be the expected value. + +All inputs must have the same sample rate, and format. + +If inputs do not have the same duration, the output will stop with the +shortest. + +Example: merge two mono files into a stereo stream: +@example +amovie=left.wav [l] ; amovie=right.mp3 [r] ; [l] [r] amerge +@end example + +Example: multiple merges: +@example +ffmpeg -f lavfi -i " +amovie=input.mkv:si=0 [a0]; +amovie=input.mkv:si=1 [a1]; +amovie=input.mkv:si=2 [a2]; +amovie=input.mkv:si=3 [a3]; +amovie=input.mkv:si=4 [a4]; +amovie=input.mkv:si=5 [a5]; +[a0][a1][a2][a3][a4][a5] amerge=inputs=6" -c:a pcm_s16le output.mkv @end example @section amix @@ -139,7 +745,7 @@ Mixes multiple audio inputs into a single output. For example @example -avconv -i INPUT1 -i INPUT2 -i INPUT3 -filter_complex amix=inputs=3:duration=first:dropout_transition=3 OUTPUT +ffmpeg -i INPUT1 -i INPUT2 -i INPUT3 -filter_complex amix=inputs=3:duration=first:dropout_transition=3 OUTPUT @end example will mix 3 input audio streams to a single output with the same duration as the first input and a dropout transition time of 3 seconds. @@ -175,6 +781,69 @@ stream ends. The default value is 2 seconds. Pass the audio source unchanged to the output. +@section apad + +Pad the end of a audio stream with silence, this can be used together with +-shortest to extend audio streams to the same length as the video stream. + +@anchor{aresample} +@section aresample + +Resample the input audio to the specified parameters, using the +libswresample library. If none are specified then the filter will +automatically convert between its input and output. + +This filter is also able to stretch/squeeze the audio data to make it match +the timestamps or to inject silence / cut out audio to make it match the +timestamps, do a combination of both or do neither. + +The filter accepts the syntax +[@var{sample_rate}:]@var{resampler_options}, where @var{sample_rate} +expresses a sample rate and @var{resampler_options} is a list of +@var{key}=@var{value} pairs, separated by ":". See the +ffmpeg-resampler manual for the complete list of supported options. + +For example, to resample the input audio to 44100Hz: +@example +aresample=44100 +@end example + +To stretch/squeeze samples to the given timestamps, with a maximum of 1000 +samples per second compensation: +@example +aresample=async=1000 +@end example + +@section asetnsamples + +Set the number of samples per each output audio frame. + +The last output packet may contain a different number of samples, as +the filter will flush all the remaining samples when the input audio +signal its end. + +The filter accepts parameters as a list of @var{key}=@var{value} pairs, +separated by ":". + +@table @option + +@item nb_out_samples, n +Set the number of frames per each output audio frame. The number is +intended as the number of samples @emph{per each channel}. +Default value is 1024. + +@item pad, p +If set to 1, the filter will pad the last audio frame with zeroes, so +that the last frame will contain the same number of samples as the +previous ones. Default value is 1. +@end table + +For example, to set the number of per-frame samples to 1234 and +disable padding for the last frame, use: +@example +asetnsamples=n=1234:p=0 +@end example + @section ashowinfo Show a line containing various information for each input audio frame. @@ -196,6 +865,10 @@ depends on the filter input pad, and is usually 1/@var{sample_rate}. @item pts_time presentation timestamp of the input frame in seconds +@item pos +position of the frame in the input stream, -1 if this information in +unavailable and/or meaningless (for example in case of synthetic audio) + @item fmt sample format @@ -223,16 +896,209 @@ Split input audio into several identical outputs. The filter accepts a single parameter which specifies the number of outputs. If unspecified, it defaults to 2. -For example +For example: @example -avconv -i INPUT -filter_complex asplit=5 OUTPUT +[in] asplit [out0][out1] +@end example + +will create two separate outputs from the same input. + +To create 3 or more outputs, you need to specify the number of +outputs, like in: +@example +[in] asplit=3 [out0][out1][out2] +@end example + +@example +ffmpeg -i INPUT -filter_complex asplit=5 OUTPUT @end example will create 5 copies of the input audio. + +@section astreamsync + +Forward two audio streams and control the order the buffers are forwarded. + +The argument to the filter is an expression deciding which stream should be +forwarded next: if the result is negative, the first stream is forwarded; if +the result is positive or zero, the second stream is forwarded. It can use +the following variables: + +@table @var +@item b1 b2 +number of buffers forwarded so far on each stream +@item s1 s2 +number of samples forwarded so far on each stream +@item t1 t2 +current timestamp of each stream +@end table + +The default value is @code{t1-t2}, which means to always forward the stream +that has a smaller timestamp. + +Example: stress-test @code{amerge} by randomly sending buffers on the wrong +input, while avoiding too much of a desynchronization: +@example +amovie=file.ogg [a] ; amovie=file.mp3 [b] ; +[a] [b] astreamsync=(2*random(1))-1+tanh(5*(t1-t2)) [a2] [b2] ; +[a2] [b2] amerge +@end example + +@section atempo + +Adjust audio tempo. + +The filter accepts exactly one parameter, the audio tempo. If not +specified then the filter will assume nominal 1.0 tempo. Tempo must +be in the [0.5, 2.0] range. + +For example, to slow down audio to 80% tempo: +@example +atempo=0.8 +@end example + +For example, to speed up audio to 125% tempo: +@example +atempo=1.25 +@end example + +@section earwax + +Make audio easier to listen to on headphones. + +This filter adds `cues' to 44.1kHz stereo (i.e. audio CD format) audio +so that when listened to on headphones the stereo image is moved from +inside your head (standard for headphones) to outside and in front of +the listener (standard for speakers). + +Ported from SoX. + +@section pan + +Mix channels with specific gain levels. The filter accepts the output +channel layout followed by a set of channels definitions. + +This filter is also designed to remap efficiently the channels of an audio +stream. + +The filter accepts parameters of the form: +"@var{l}:@var{outdef}:@var{outdef}:..." + +@table @option +@item l +output channel layout or number of channels + +@item outdef +output channel specification, of the form: +"@var{out_name}=[@var{gain}*]@var{in_name}[+[@var{gain}*]@var{in_name}...]" + +@item out_name +output channel to define, either a channel name (FL, FR, etc.) or a channel +number (c0, c1, etc.) + +@item gain +multiplicative coefficient for the channel, 1 leaving the volume unchanged + +@item in_name +input channel to use, see out_name for details; it is not possible to mix +named and numbered input channels +@end table + +If the `=' in a channel specification is replaced by `<', then the gains for +that specification will be renormalized so that the total is 1, thus +avoiding clipping noise. + +@subsection Mixing examples + +For example, if you want to down-mix from stereo to mono, but with a bigger +factor for the left channel: +@example +pan=1:c0=0.9*c0+0.1*c1 +@end example + +A customized down-mix to stereo that works automatically for 3-, 4-, 5- and +7-channels surround: +@example +pan=stereo: FL < FL + 0.5*FC + 0.6*BL + 0.6*SL : FR < FR + 0.5*FC + 0.6*BR + 0.6*SR +@end example + +Note that @command{ffmpeg} integrates a default down-mix (and up-mix) system +that should be preferred (see "-ac" option) unless you have very specific +needs. + +@subsection Remapping examples + +The channel remapping will be effective if, and only if: + +@itemize +@item gain coefficients are zeroes or ones, +@item only one input per channel output, +@end itemize + +If all these conditions are satisfied, the filter will notify the user ("Pure +channel mapping detected"), and use an optimized and lossless method to do the +remapping. + +For example, if you have a 5.1 source and want a stereo audio stream by +dropping the extra channels: +@example +pan="stereo: c0=FL : c1=FR" +@end example + +Given the same source, you can also switch front left and front right channels +and keep the input channel layout: +@example +pan="5.1: c0=c1 : c1=c0 : c2=c2 : c3=c3 : c4=c4 : c5=c5" +@end example + +If the input is a stereo audio stream, you can mute the front left channel (and +still keep the stereo channel layout) with: +@example +pan="stereo:c1=c1" +@end example + +Still with a stereo audio stream input, you can copy the right channel in both +front left and right: +@example +pan="stereo: c0=FR : c1=FR" +@end example + +@section silencedetect + +Detect silence in an audio stream. + +This filter logs a message when it detects that the input audio volume is less +or equal to a noise tolerance value for a duration greater or equal to the +minimum detected noise duration. + +The printed times and duration are expressed in seconds. + +@table @option +@item duration, d +Set silence duration until notification (default is 2 seconds). + +@item noise, n +Set noise tolerance. Can be specified in dB (in case "dB" is appended to the +specified value) or amplitude ratio. Default is -60dB, or 0.001. +@end table + +Detect 5 seconds of silence with -50dB noise tolerance: +@example +silencedetect=n=-50dB:d=5 +@end example + +Complete example with @command{ffmpeg} to detect silence with 0.0001 noise +tolerance in @file{silence.mp3}: +@example +ffmpeg -f lavfi -i amovie=silence.mp3,silencedetect=noise=0.0001 -f null - +@end example + @section asyncts Synchronize audio data with timestamps by squeezing/stretching it and/or dropping samples/adding silence when needed. +This filter is not built by default, please use @ref{aresample} to do squeezing/stretching. + The filter accepts the following named parameters: @table @option @@ -270,14 +1136,14 @@ Channel layout of the input stream. Default is "stereo". For example, assuming a stereo input MP3 file @example -avconv -i in.mp3 -filter_complex channelsplit out.mkv +ffmpeg -i in.mp3 -filter_complex channelsplit out.mkv @end example will create an output Matroska file with two audio streams, one containing only the left channel and the other the right channel. To split a 5.1 WAV file into per-channel files @example -avconv -i in.wav -filter_complex +ffmpeg -i in.wav -filter_complex 'channelsplit=channel_layout=5.1[FL][FR][FC][LFE][SL][SR]' -map '[FL]' front_left.wav -map '[FR]' front_right.wav -map '[FC]' front_center.wav -map '[LFE]' lfe.wav -map '[SL]' side_left.wav -map '[SR]' @@ -307,14 +1173,14 @@ output channels preserving index. For example, assuming a 5.1+downmix input MOV file @example -avconv -i in.mov -filter 'channelmap=map=DL-FL\,DR-FR' out.wav +ffmpeg -i in.mov -filter 'channelmap=map=DL-FL\,DR-FR' out.wav @end example will create an output WAV file tagged as stereo from the downmix channels of the input. To fix a 5.1 WAV improperly encoded in AAC's native channel order @example -avconv -i in.wav -filter 'channelmap=1\,2\,0\,5\,3\,4:channel_layout=5.1' out.wav +ffmpeg -i in.wav -filter 'channelmap=1\,2\,0\,5\,3\,4:channel_layout=5.1' out.wav @end example @section join @@ -344,27 +1210,31 @@ and if that fails it picks the first unused input channel. E.g. to join 3 inputs (with properly set channel layouts) @example -avconv -i INPUT1 -i INPUT2 -i INPUT3 -filter_complex join=inputs=3 OUTPUT +ffmpeg -i INPUT1 -i INPUT2 -i INPUT3 -filter_complex join=inputs=3 OUTPUT @end example To build a 5.1 output from 6 single-channel streams: @example -avconv -i fl -i fr -i fc -i sl -i sr -i lfe -filter_complex +ffmpeg -i fl -i fr -i fc -i sl -i sr -i lfe -filter_complex 'join=inputs=6:channel_layout=5.1:map=0.0-FL\,1.0-FR\,2.0-FC\,3.0-SL\,4.0-SR\,5.0-LFE' out @end example @section resample Convert the audio sample format, sample rate and channel layout. This filter is -not meant to be used directly, it is inserted automatically by libavfilter -whenever conversion is needed. Use the @var{aformat} filter to force a specific -conversion. +not meant to be used directly. @section volume Adjust the input audio volume. -The filter accepts the following named parameters: +The filter accepts the following named parameters. If the key of the +first options is omitted, the arguments are interpreted according to +the following syntax: +@example +volume=@var{volume}:@var{precision} +@end example + @table @option @item volume @@ -380,7 +1250,7 @@ The output audio volume is given by the relation: Default value for @var{volume} is 1.0. @item precision -Mathematical precision. +Set the mathematical precision. This determines which input sample formats will be allowed, which affects the precision of the volume scaling. @@ -406,6 +1276,12 @@ volume=volume=1/2 volume=volume=-6.0206dB @end example +In all the above example the named key for @option{volume} can be +omitted, for example like in: +@example +volume=0.5 +@end example + @item Increase input audio power by 6 decibels using fixed-point precision: @example @@ -413,6 +1289,46 @@ volume=volume=6dB:precision=fixed @end example @end itemize +@section volumedetect + +Detect the volume of the input video. + +The filter has no parameters. The input is not modified. Statistics about +the volume will be printed in the log when the input stream end is reached. + +In particular it will show the mean volume (root mean square), maximum +volume (on a per-sample basis), and the beginning of an histogram of the +registered volume values (from the maximum value to a cumulated 1/1000 of +the samples). + +All volumes are in decibels relative to the maximum PCM value. + +Here is an excerpt of the output: +@example +[Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 0xa23120] mean_volume: -27 dB +[Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 0xa23120] max_volume: -4 dB +[Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 0xa23120] histogram_4db: 6 +[Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 0xa23120] histogram_5db: 62 +[Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 0xa23120] histogram_6db: 286 +[Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 0xa23120] histogram_7db: 1042 +[Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 0xa23120] histogram_8db: 2551 +[Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 0xa23120] histogram_9db: 4609 +[Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 0xa23120] histogram_10db: 8409 +@end example + +It means that: +@itemize +@item +The mean square energy is approximately -27 dB, or 10^-2.7. +@item +The largest sample is at -4 dB, or more precisely between -4 dB and -5 dB. +@item +There are 6 samples at -4 dB, 62 at -5 dB, 286 at -6 dB, etc. +@end itemize + +In other words, raising the volume by +4 dB does not cause any clipping, +raising it by +5 dB causes clipping for 6 samples, etc. + @c man end AUDIO FILTERS @chapter Audio Sources @@ -420,31 +1336,193 @@ volume=volume=6dB:precision=fixed Below is a description of the currently available audio sources. +@section abuffer + +Buffer audio frames, and make them available to the filter chain. + +This source is mainly intended for a programmatic use, in particular +through the interface defined in @file{libavfilter/asrc_abuffer.h}. + +It accepts the following mandatory parameters: +@var{sample_rate}:@var{sample_fmt}:@var{channel_layout} + +@table @option + +@item sample_rate +The sample rate of the incoming audio buffers. + +@item sample_fmt +The sample format of the incoming audio buffers. +Either a sample format name or its corresponging integer representation from +the enum AVSampleFormat in @file{libavutil/samplefmt.h} + +@item channel_layout +The channel layout of the incoming audio buffers. +Either a channel layout name from channel_layout_map in +@file{libavutil/channel_layout.c} or its corresponding integer representation +from the AV_CH_LAYOUT_* macros in @file{libavutil/channel_layout.h} + +@item channels +The number of channels of the incoming audio buffers. +If both @var{channels} and @var{channel_layout} are specified, then they +must be consistent. + +@end table + +For example: +@example +abuffer=44100:s16p:stereo +@end example + +will instruct the source to accept planar 16bit signed stereo at 44100Hz. +Since the sample format with name "s16p" corresponds to the number +6 and the "stereo" channel layout corresponds to the value 0x3, this is +equivalent to: +@example +abuffer=44100:6:0x3 +@end example + +@section aevalsrc + +Generate an audio signal specified by an expression. + +This source accepts in input one or more expressions (one for each +channel), which are evaluated and used to generate a corresponding +audio signal. + +It accepts the syntax: @var{exprs}[::@var{options}]. +@var{exprs} is a list of expressions separated by ":", one for each +separate channel. In case the @var{channel_layout} is not +specified, the selected channel layout depends on the number of +provided expressions. + +@var{options} is an optional sequence of @var{key}=@var{value} pairs, +separated by ":". + +The description of the accepted options follows. + +@table @option + +@item channel_layout, c +Set the channel layout. The number of channels in the specified layout +must be equal to the number of specified expressions. + +@item duration, d +Set the minimum duration of the sourced audio. See the function +@code{av_parse_time()} for the accepted format. +Note that the resulting duration may be greater than the specified +duration, as the generated audio is always cut at the end of a +complete frame. + +If not specified, or the expressed duration is negative, the audio is +supposed to be generated forever. + +@item nb_samples, n +Set the number of samples per channel per each output frame, +default to 1024. + +@item sample_rate, s +Specify the sample rate, default to 44100. +@end table + +Each expression in @var{exprs} can contain the following constants: + +@table @option +@item n +number of the evaluated sample, starting from 0 + +@item t +time of the evaluated sample expressed in seconds, starting from 0 + +@item s +sample rate + +@end table + +@subsection Examples + +@itemize + +@item +Generate silence: +@example +aevalsrc=0 +@end example + +@item + +Generate a sin signal with frequency of 440 Hz, set sample rate to +8000 Hz: +@example +aevalsrc="sin(440*2*PI*t)::s=8000" +@end example + +@item +Generate a two channels signal, specify the channel layout (Front +Center + Back Center) explicitly: +@example +aevalsrc="sin(420*2*PI*t):cos(430*2*PI*t)::c=FC|BC" +@end example + +@item +Generate white noise: +@example +aevalsrc="-2+random(0)" +@end example + +@item +Generate an amplitude modulated signal: +@example +aevalsrc="sin(10*2*PI*t)*sin(880*2*PI*t)" +@end example + +@item +Generate 2.5 Hz binaural beats on a 360 Hz carrier: +@example +aevalsrc="0.1*sin(2*PI*(360-2.5/2)*t) : 0.1*sin(2*PI*(360+2.5/2)*t)" +@end example + +@end itemize + @section anullsrc -Null audio source, never return audio frames. It is mainly useful as a -template and to be employed in analysis / debugging tools. +Null audio source, return unprocessed audio frames. It is mainly useful +as a template and to be employed in analysis / debugging tools, or as +the source for filters which ignore the input data (for example the sox +synth filter). -It accepts as optional parameter a string of the form -@var{sample_rate}:@var{channel_layout}. +It accepts an optional sequence of @var{key}=@var{value} pairs, +separated by ":". + +The description of the accepted options follows. + +@table @option -@var{sample_rate} specify the sample rate, and defaults to 44100. +@item sample_rate, s +Specify the sample rate, and defaults to 44100. -@var{channel_layout} specify the channel layout, and can be either an -integer or a string representing a channel layout. The default value -of @var{channel_layout} is 3, which corresponds to CH_LAYOUT_STEREO. +@item channel_layout, cl + +Specify the channel layout, and can be either an integer or a string +representing a channel layout. The default value of @var{channel_layout} +is "stereo". Check the channel_layout_map definition in @file{libavutil/channel_layout.c} for the mapping between strings and channel layout values. +@item nb_samples, n +Set the number of samples per requested frames. + +@end table + Follow some examples: @example -# set the sample rate to 48000 Hz and the channel layout to CH_LAYOUT_MONO. -anullsrc=48000:4 +# set the sample rate to 48000 Hz and the channel layout to AV_CH_LAYOUT_MONO. +anullsrc=r=48000:cl=4 # same as -anullsrc=48000:mono +anullsrc=r=48000:cl=mono @end example @section abuffer @@ -474,6 +1552,73 @@ Channel layout of the audio data, in the form that can be accepted by All the parameters need to be explicitly defined. +@section flite + +Synthesize a voice utterance using the libflite library. + +To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure FFmpeg with +@code{--enable-libflite}. + +Note that the flite library is not thread-safe. + +The source accepts parameters as a list of @var{key}=@var{value} pairs, +separated by ":". + +The description of the accepted parameters follows. + +@table @option + +@item list_voices +If set to 1, list the names of the available voices and exit +immediately. Default value is 0. + +@item nb_samples, n +Set the maximum number of samples per frame. Default value is 512. + +@item textfile +Set the filename containing the text to speak. + +@item text +Set the text to speak. + +@item voice, v +Set the voice to use for the speech synthesis. Default value is +@code{kal}. See also the @var{list_voices} option. +@end table + +@subsection Examples + +@itemize +@item +Read from file @file{speech.txt}, and synthetize the text using the +standard flite voice: +@example +flite=textfile=speech.txt +@end example + +@item +Read the specified text selecting the @code{slt} voice: +@example +flite=text='So fare thee well, poor devil of a Sub-Sub, whose commentator I am':voice=slt +@end example + +@item +Input text to ffmpeg: +@example +ffmpeg -f lavfi -i flite=text='So fare thee well, poor devil of a Sub-Sub, whose commentator I am':voice=slt +@end example + +@item +Make @file{ffplay} speak the specified text, using @code{flite} and +the @code{lavfi} device: +@example +ffplay -f lavfi flite=text='No more be grieved for which that thou hast done.' +@end example +@end itemize + +For more information about libflite, check: +@url{http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/flite/} + @c man end AUDIO SOURCES @chapter Audio Sinks @@ -481,6 +1626,17 @@ All the parameters need to be explicitly defined. Below is a description of the currently available audio sinks. +@section abuffersink + +Buffer audio frames, and make them available to the end of filter chain. + +This sink is mainly intended for programmatic use, in particular +through the interface defined in @file{libavfilter/buffersink.h}. + +It requires a pointer to an AVABufferSinkContext structure, which +defines the incoming buffers' formats, to be passed as the opaque +parameter to @code{avfilter_init_filter} for initialization. + @section anullsink Null audio sink, do absolutely nothing with the input audio. It is @@ -499,13 +1655,108 @@ This filter accepts no parameters. @chapter Video Filters @c man begin VIDEO FILTERS -When you configure your Libav build, you can disable any of the -existing filters using --disable-filters. +When you configure your FFmpeg build, you can disable any of the +existing filters using @code{--disable-filters}. The configure output will show the video filters included in your build. Below is a description of the currently available video filters. +@section alphaextract + +Extract the alpha component from the input as a grayscale video. This +is especially useful with the @var{alphamerge} filter. + +@section alphamerge + +Add or replace the alpha component of the primary input with the +grayscale value of a second input. This is intended for use with +@var{alphaextract} to allow the transmission or storage of frame +sequences that have alpha in a format that doesn't support an alpha +channel. + +For example, to reconstruct full frames from a normal YUV-encoded video +and a separate video created with @var{alphaextract}, you might use: +@example +movie=in_alpha.mkv [alpha]; [in][alpha] alphamerge [out] +@end example + +Since this filter is designed for reconstruction, it operates on frame +sequences without considering timestamps, and terminates when either +input reaches end of stream. This will cause problems if your encoding +pipeline drops frames. If you're trying to apply an image as an +overlay to a video stream, consider the @var{overlay} filter instead. + +@section ass + +Same as the @ref{subtitles} filter, except that it doesn't require libavcodec +and libavformat to work. On the other hand, it is limited to ASS (Advanced +Substation Alpha) subtitles files. + +@section bbox + +Compute the bounding box for the non-black pixels in the input frame +luminance plane. + +This filter computes the bounding box containing all the pixels with a +luminance value greater than the minimum allowed value. +The parameters describing the bounding box are printed on the filter +log. + +@section blackdetect + +Detect video intervals that are (almost) completely black. Can be +useful to detect chapter transitions, commercials, or invalid +recordings. Output lines contains the time for the start, end and +duration of the detected black interval expressed in seconds. + +In order to display the output lines, you need to set the loglevel at +least to the AV_LOG_INFO value. + +This filter accepts a list of options in the form of +@var{key}=@var{value} pairs separated by ":". A description of the +accepted options follows. + +@table @option +@item black_min_duration, d +Set the minimum detected black duration expressed in seconds. It must +be a non-negative floating point number. + +Default value is 2.0. + +@item picture_black_ratio_th, pic_th +Set the threshold for considering a picture "black". +Express the minimum value for the ratio: +@example +@var{nb_black_pixels} / @var{nb_pixels} +@end example + +for which a picture is considered black. +Default value is 0.98. + +@item pixel_black_th, pix_th +Set the threshold for considering a pixel "black". + +The threshold expresses the maximum pixel luminance value for which a +pixel is considered "black". The provided value is scaled according to +the following equation: +@example +@var{absolute_threshold} = @var{luminance_minimum_value} + @var{pixel_black_th} * @var{luminance_range_size} +@end example + +@var{luminance_range_size} and @var{luminance_minimum_value} depend on +the input video format, the range is [0-255] for YUV full-range +formats and [16-235] for YUV non full-range formats. + +Default value is 0.10. +@end table + +The following example sets the maximum pixel threshold to the minimum +value, and detects only black intervals of 2 or more seconds: +@example +blackdetect=d=2:pix_th=0.00 +@end example + @section blackframe Detect frames that are (almost) completely black. Can be useful to @@ -532,7 +1783,7 @@ considered black, and defaults to 32. Apply boxblur algorithm to the input video. This filter accepts the parameters: -@var{luma_power}:@var{luma_radius}:@var{chroma_radius}:@var{chroma_power}:@var{alpha_radius}:@var{alpha_power} +@var{luma_radius}:@var{luma_power}:@var{chroma_radius}:@var{chroma_power}:@var{alpha_radius}:@var{alpha_power} Chroma and alpha parameters are optional, if not specified they default to the corresponding values set for @var{luma_radius} and @@ -587,6 +1838,18 @@ boxblur=min(h\,w)/10:1:min(cw\,ch)/10:1 @end itemize +@section colormatrix + +The colormatrix filter allows conversion between any of the following color +space: BT.709 (@var{bt709}), BT.601 (@var{bt601}), SMPTE-240M (@var{smpte240m}) +and FCC (@var{fcc}). + +The syntax of the parameters is @var{source}:@var{destination}: + +@example +colormatrix=bt601:smpte240m +@end example + @section copy Copy the input source unchanged to the output. Mainly useful for @@ -594,15 +1857,45 @@ testing purposes. @section crop -Crop the input video to @var{out_w}:@var{out_h}:@var{x}:@var{y}. +Crop the input video. -The parameters are expressions containing the following constants: +This filter accepts a list of @var{key}=@var{value} pairs as argument, +separated by ':'. If the key of the first options is omitted, the +arguments are interpreted according to the syntax +@var{out_w}:@var{out_h}:@var{x}:@var{y}:@var{keep_aspect}. +A description of the accepted options follows: @table @option -@item E, PI, PHI -the corresponding mathematical approximated values for e -(euler number), pi (greek PI), PHI (golden ratio) +@item w, out_w +Set the crop area width. It defaults to @code{iw}. +This expression is evaluated only once during the filter +configuration. + +@item h, out_h +Set the crop area width. It defaults to @code{ih}. +This expression is evaluated only once during the filter +configuration. + +@item x +Set the expression for the x top-left coordinate of the cropped area. +It defaults to @code{(in_w-out_w)/2}. +This expression is evaluated per-frame. + +@item y +Set the expression for the y top-left coordinate of the cropped area. +It defaults to @code{(in_h-out_h)/2}. +This expression is evaluated per-frame. + +@item keep_aspect +If set to 1 will force the output display aspect ratio +to be the same of the input, by changing the output sample aspect +ratio. It defaults to 0. +@end table + +The @var{out_w}, @var{out_h}, @var{x}, @var{y} parameters are +expressions containing the following constants: +@table @option @item x, y the computed values for @var{x} and @var{y}. They are evaluated for each new frame. @@ -619,6 +1912,19 @@ the output (cropped) width and height @item ow, oh same as @var{out_w} and @var{out_h} +@item a +same as @var{iw} / @var{ih} + +@item sar +input sample aspect ratio + +@item dar +input display aspect ratio, it is the same as (@var{iw} / @var{ih}) * @var{sar} + +@item hsub, vsub +horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the +pixel format "yuv422p" @var{hsub} is 2 and @var{vsub} is 1. + @item n the number of input frame, starting from 0 @@ -630,13 +1936,6 @@ timestamp expressed in seconds, NAN if the input timestamp is unknown @end table -The @var{out_w} and @var{out_h} parameters specify the expressions for -the width and height of the output (cropped) video. They are -evaluated just at the configuration of the filter. - -The default value of @var{out_w} is "in_w", and the default value of -@var{out_h} is "in_h". - The expression for @var{out_w} may depend on the value of @var{out_h}, and the expression for @var{out_h} may depend on @var{out_w}, but they cannot depend on @var{x} and @var{y}, as @var{x} and @var{y} are @@ -647,48 +1946,85 @@ position of the top-left corner of the output (non-cropped) area. They are evaluated for each frame. If the evaluated value is not valid, it is approximated to the nearest valid value. -The default value of @var{x} is "(in_w-out_w)/2", and the default -value for @var{y} is "(in_h-out_h)/2", which set the cropped area at -the center of the input image. - The expression for @var{x} may depend on @var{y}, and the expression for @var{y} may depend on @var{x}. -Follow some examples: +@subsection Examples +@itemize +@item +Crop area with size 100x100 at position (12,34). +@example +crop=100:100:12:34 +@end example + +Using named options, the example above becomes: +@example +crop=w=100:h=100:x=12:y=34 +@end example + +@item +Crop the central input area with size 100x100: @example -# crop the central input area with size 100x100 crop=100:100 +@end example -# crop the central input area with size 2/3 of the input video -"crop=2/3*in_w:2/3*in_h" +@item +Crop the central input area with size 2/3 of the input video: +@example +crop=2/3*in_w:2/3*in_h +@end example -# crop the input video central square +@item +Crop the input video central square: +@example crop=in_h +@end example -# delimit the rectangle with the top-left corner placed at position -# 100:100 and the right-bottom corner corresponding to the right-bottom -# corner of the input image. +@item +Delimit the rectangle with the top-left corner placed at position +100:100 and the right-bottom corner corresponding to the right-bottom +corner of the input image: +@example crop=in_w-100:in_h-100:100:100 +@end example -# crop 10 pixels from the left and right borders, and 20 pixels from -# the top and bottom borders -"crop=in_w-2*10:in_h-2*20" +@item +Crop 10 pixels from the left and right borders, and 20 pixels from +the top and bottom borders +@example +crop=in_w-2*10:in_h-2*20 +@end example -# keep only the bottom right quarter of the input image -"crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:in_w/2:in_h/2" +@item +Keep only the bottom right quarter of the input image: +@example +crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:in_w/2:in_h/2 +@end example -# crop height for getting Greek harmony -"crop=in_w:1/PHI*in_w" +@item +Crop height for getting Greek harmony: +@example +crop=in_w:1/PHI*in_w +@end example -# trembling effect -"crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:(in_w-out_w)/2+((in_w-out_w)/2)*sin(n/10):(in_h-out_h)/2 +((in_h-out_h)/2)*sin(n/7)" +@item +Appply trembling effect: +@example +crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:(in_w-out_w)/2+((in_w-out_w)/2)*sin(n/10):(in_h-out_h)/2 +((in_h-out_h)/2)*sin(n/7) +@end example -# erratic camera effect depending on timestamp -"crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:(in_w-out_w)/2+((in_w-out_w)/2)*sin(t*10):(in_h-out_h)/2 +((in_h-out_h)/2)*sin(t*13)" +@item +Apply erratic camera effect depending on timestamp: +@example +crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:(in_w-out_w)/2+((in_w-out_w)/2)*sin(t*10):(in_h-out_h)/2 +((in_h-out_h)/2)*sin(t*13)" +@end example -# set x depending on the value of y -"crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:y:10+10*sin(n/10)" +@item +Set x depending on the value of y: +@example +crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:y:10+10*sin(n/10) @end example +@end itemize @section cropdetect @@ -725,6 +2061,43 @@ indicates never reset and return the largest area encountered during playback. @end table +@section decimate + +This filter drops frames that do not differ greatly from the previous +frame in order to reduce framerate. The main use of this filter is +for very-low-bitrate encoding (e.g. streaming over dialup modem), but +it could in theory be used for fixing movies that were +inverse-telecined incorrectly. + +It accepts the following parameters: +@var{max}:@var{hi}:@var{lo}:@var{frac}. + +@table @option + +@item max +Set the maximum number of consecutive frames which can be dropped (if +positive), or the minimum interval between dropped frames (if +negative). If the value is 0, the frame is dropped unregarding the +number of previous sequentially dropped frames. + +Default value is 0. + +@item hi, lo, frac +Set the dropping threshold values. + +Values for @var{hi} and @var{lo} are for 8x8 pixel blocks and +represent actual pixel value differences, so a threshold of 64 +corresponds to 1 unit of difference for each pixel, or the same spread +out differently over the block. + +A frame is a candidate for dropping if no 8x8 blocks differ by more +than a threshold of @var{hi}, and if no more than @var{frac} blocks (1 +meaning the whole image) differ by more than a threshold of @var{lo}. + +Default value for @var{hi} is 64*12, default value for @var{lo} is +64*5, and default value for @var{frac} is 0.33. +@end table + @section delogo Suppress a TV station logo by a simple interpolation of the surrounding @@ -777,48 +2150,144 @@ delogo=x=0:y=0:w=100:h=77:band=10 @end itemize +@section deshake + +Attempt to fix small changes in horizontal and/or vertical shift. This +filter helps remove camera shake from hand-holding a camera, bumping a +tripod, moving on a vehicle, etc. + +The filter accepts parameters as a string of the form +"@var{x}:@var{y}:@var{w}:@var{h}:@var{rx}:@var{ry}:@var{edge}:@var{blocksize}:@var{contrast}:@var{search}:@var{filename}" + +A description of the accepted parameters follows. + +@table @option + +@item x, y, w, h +Specify a rectangular area where to limit the search for motion +vectors. +If desired the search for motion vectors can be limited to a +rectangular area of the frame defined by its top left corner, width +and height. These parameters have the same meaning as the drawbox +filter which can be used to visualise the position of the bounding +box. + +This is useful when simultaneous movement of subjects within the frame +might be confused for camera motion by the motion vector search. + +If any or all of @var{x}, @var{y}, @var{w} and @var{h} are set to -1 +then the full frame is used. This allows later options to be set +without specifying the bounding box for the motion vector search. + +Default - search the whole frame. + +@item rx, ry +Specify the maximum extent of movement in x and y directions in the +range 0-64 pixels. Default 16. + +@item edge +Specify how to generate pixels to fill blanks at the edge of the +frame. An integer from 0 to 3 as follows: +@table @option +@item 0 +Fill zeroes at blank locations +@item 1 +Original image at blank locations +@item 2 +Extruded edge value at blank locations +@item 3 +Mirrored edge at blank locations +@end table + +The default setting is mirror edge at blank locations. + +@item blocksize +Specify the blocksize to use for motion search. Range 4-128 pixels, +default 8. + +@item contrast +Specify the contrast threshold for blocks. Only blocks with more than +the specified contrast (difference between darkest and lightest +pixels) will be considered. Range 1-255, default 125. + +@item search +Specify the search strategy 0 = exhaustive search, 1 = less exhaustive +search. Default - exhaustive search. + +@item filename +If set then a detailed log of the motion search is written to the +specified file. + +@end table + @section drawbox Draw a colored box on the input image. -It accepts the syntax: -@example -drawbox=@var{x}:@var{y}:@var{width}:@var{height}:@var{color} -@end example +The filter accepts parameters as a list of @var{key}=@var{value} pairs, +separated by ":". -@table @option +The description of the accepted parameters follows. +@table @option @item x, y Specify the top left corner coordinates of the box. Default to 0. -@item width, height +@item width, w +@item height, h Specify the width and height of the box, if 0 they are interpreted as the input width and height. Default to 0. -@item color +@item color, c Specify the color of the box to write, it can be the name of a color -(case insensitive match) or a 0xRRGGBB[AA] sequence. +(case insensitive match) or a 0xRRGGBB[AA] sequence. If the special +value @code{invert} is used, the box edge color is the same as the +video with inverted luma. + +@item thickness, t +Set the thickness of the box edge. Default value is @code{4}. @end table -Follow some examples: +If the key of the first options is omitted, the arguments are +interpreted according to the syntax +@var{x}:@var{y}:@var{width}:@var{height}:@var{color}:@var{thickness}. + +Some examples follow: +@itemize +@item +Draw a black box around the edge of the input image: @example -# draw a black box around the edge of the input image drawbox +@end example + +@item +Draw a box with color red and an opacity of 50%: +@example +drawbox=10:20:200:60:red@@0.5 +@end example -# draw a box with color red and an opacity of 50% -drawbox=10:20:200:60:red@@0.5" +The previous example can be specified as: +@example +drawbox=x=10:y=20:w=200:h=60:color=red@@0.5 +@end example + +@item +Fill the box with pink color: +@example +drawbox=x=10:y=10:w=100:h=100:color=pink@@0.5:t=max @end example +@end itemize +@anchor{drawtext} @section drawtext Draw text string or text from specified file on top of video using the libfreetype library. -To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure Libav with +To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure FFmpeg with @code{--enable-libfreetype}. -The filter also recognizes strftime() sequences in the provided text -and expands them accordingly. Check the documentation of strftime(). +@subsection Syntax The filter accepts parameters as a list of @var{key}=@var{value} pairs, separated by ":". @@ -827,60 +2296,35 @@ The description of the accepted parameters follows. @table @option -@item fontfile -The font file to be used for drawing text. Path must be included. -This parameter is mandatory. - -@item text -The text string to be drawn. The text must be a sequence of UTF-8 -encoded characters. -This parameter is mandatory if no file is specified with the parameter -@var{textfile}. - -@item textfile -A text file containing text to be drawn. The text must be a sequence -of UTF-8 encoded characters. - -This parameter is mandatory if no text string is specified with the -parameter @var{text}. - -If both text and textfile are specified, an error is thrown. - -@item x, y -The offsets where text will be drawn within the video frame. -Relative to the top/left border of the output image. -They accept expressions similar to the @ref{overlay} filter: -@table @option - -@item x, y -the computed values for @var{x} and @var{y}. They are evaluated for -each new frame. - -@item main_w, main_h -main input width and height - -@item W, H -same as @var{main_w} and @var{main_h} - -@item text_w, text_h -rendered text width and height +@item box +Used to draw a box around text using background color. +Value should be either 1 (enable) or 0 (disable). +The default value of @var{box} is 0. -@item w, h -same as @var{text_w} and @var{text_h} +@item boxcolor +The color to be used for drawing box around text. +Either a string (e.g. "yellow") or in 0xRRGGBB[AA] format +(e.g. "0xff00ff"), possibly followed by an alpha specifier. +The default value of @var{boxcolor} is "white". -@item n -the number of frames processed, starting from 0 +@item draw +Set an expression which specifies if the text should be drawn. If the +expression evaluates to 0, the text is not drawn. This is useful for +specifying that the text should be drawn only when specific conditions +are met. -@item t -timestamp expressed in seconds, NAN if the input timestamp is unknown +Default value is "1". -@end table +See below for the list of accepted constants and functions. -The default value of @var{x} and @var{y} is 0. +@item expansion +Select how the @var{text} is expanded. Can be either @code{none}, +@code{strftime} (deprecated) or +@code{normal} (default). See the @ref{drawtext_expansion, Text expansion} section +below for details. -@item fontsize -The font size to be used for drawing text. -The default value of @var{fontsize} is 16. +@item fix_bounds +If true, check and fix text coords to avoid clipping. @item fontcolor The color to be used for drawing fonts. @@ -888,27 +2332,13 @@ Either a string (e.g. "red") or in 0xRRGGBB[AA] format (e.g. "0xff000033"), possibly followed by an alpha specifier. The default value of @var{fontcolor} is "black". -@item boxcolor -The color to be used for drawing box around text. -Either a string (e.g. "yellow") or in 0xRRGGBB[AA] format -(e.g. "0xff00ff"), possibly followed by an alpha specifier. -The default value of @var{boxcolor} is "white". - -@item box -Used to draw a box around text using background color. -Value should be either 1 (enable) or 0 (disable). -The default value of @var{box} is 0. - -@item shadowx, shadowy -The x and y offsets for the text shadow position with respect to the -position of the text. They can be either positive or negative -values. Default value for both is "0". +@item fontfile +The font file to be used for drawing text. Path must be included. +This parameter is mandatory. -@item shadowcolor -The color to be used for drawing a shadow behind the drawn text. It -can be a color name (e.g. "yellow") or a string in the 0xRRGGBB[AA] -form (e.g. "0xff00ff"), possibly followed by an alpha specifier. -The default value of @var{shadowcolor} is "black". +@item fontsize +The font size to be used for drawing text. +The default value of @var{fontsize} is 16. @item ft_load_flags Flags to be used for loading the fonts. @@ -939,72 +2369,387 @@ Default value is "render". For more information consult the documentation for the FT_LOAD_* libfreetype flags. +@item shadowcolor +The color to be used for drawing a shadow behind the drawn text. It +can be a color name (e.g. "yellow") or a string in the 0xRRGGBB[AA] +form (e.g. "0xff00ff"), possibly followed by an alpha specifier. +The default value of @var{shadowcolor} is "black". + +@item shadowx, shadowy +The x and y offsets for the text shadow position with respect to the +position of the text. They can be either positive or negative +values. Default value for both is "0". + @item tabsize The size in number of spaces to use for rendering the tab. Default value is 4. -@item fix_bounds -If true, check and fix text coords to avoid clipping. +@item timecode +Set the initial timecode representation in "hh:mm:ss[:;.]ff" +format. It can be used with or without text parameter. @var{timecode_rate} +option must be specified. + +@item timecode_rate, rate, r +Set the timecode frame rate (timecode only). + +@item text +The text string to be drawn. The text must be a sequence of UTF-8 +encoded characters. +This parameter is mandatory if no file is specified with the parameter +@var{textfile}. + +@item textfile +A text file containing text to be drawn. The text must be a sequence +of UTF-8 encoded characters. + +This parameter is mandatory if no text string is specified with the +parameter @var{text}. + +If both @var{text} and @var{textfile} are specified, an error is thrown. + +@item reload +If set to 1, the @var{textfile} will be reloaded before each frame. +Be sure to update it atomically, or it may be read partially, or even fail. + +@item x, y +The expressions which specify the offsets where text will be drawn +within the video frame. They are relative to the top/left border of the +output image. + +The default value of @var{x} and @var{y} is "0". + +See below for the list of accepted constants and functions. +@end table + +The parameters for @var{x} and @var{y} are expressions containing the +following constants and functions: + +@table @option +@item dar +input display aspect ratio, it is the same as (@var{w} / @var{h}) * @var{sar} + +@item hsub, vsub +horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the +pixel format "yuv422p" @var{hsub} is 2 and @var{vsub} is 1. + +@item line_h, lh +the height of each text line + +@item main_h, h, H +the input height + +@item main_w, w, W +the input width + +@item max_glyph_a, ascent +the maximum distance from the baseline to the highest/upper grid +coordinate used to place a glyph outline point, for all the rendered +glyphs. +It is a positive value, due to the grid's orientation with the Y axis +upwards. + +@item max_glyph_d, descent +the maximum distance from the baseline to the lowest grid coordinate +used to place a glyph outline point, for all the rendered glyphs. +This is a negative value, due to the grid's orientation, with the Y axis +upwards. + +@item max_glyph_h +maximum glyph height, that is the maximum height for all the glyphs +contained in the rendered text, it is equivalent to @var{ascent} - +@var{descent}. + +@item max_glyph_w +maximum glyph width, that is the maximum width for all the glyphs +contained in the rendered text + +@item n +the number of input frame, starting from 0 + +@item rand(min, max) +return a random number included between @var{min} and @var{max} + +@item sar +input sample aspect ratio + +@item t +timestamp expressed in seconds, NAN if the input timestamp is unknown + +@item text_h, th +the height of the rendered text + +@item text_w, tw +the width of the rendered text + +@item x, y +the x and y offset coordinates where the text is drawn. + +These parameters allow the @var{x} and @var{y} expressions to refer +each other, so you can for example specify @code{y=x/dar}. +@end table + +If libavfilter was built with @code{--enable-fontconfig}, then +@option{fontfile} can be a fontconfig pattern or omitted. + +@anchor{drawtext_expansion} +@subsection Text expansion + +If @option{expansion} is set to @code{strftime}, +the filter recognizes strftime() sequences in the provided text and +expands them accordingly. Check the documentation of strftime(). This +feature is deprecated. + +If @option{expansion} is set to @code{none}, the text is printed verbatim. + +If @option{expansion} is set to @code{normal} (which is the default), +the following expansion mechanism is used. + +The backslash character '\', followed by any character, always expands to +the second character. + +Sequence of the form @code{%@{...@}} are expanded. The text between the +braces is a function name, possibly followed by arguments separated by ':'. +If the arguments contain special characters or delimiters (':' or '@}'), +they should be escaped. + +Note that they probably must also be escaped as the value for the +@option{text} option in the filter argument string and as the filter +argument in the filter graph description, and possibly also for the shell, +that makes up to four levels of escaping; using a text file avoids these +problems. + +The following functions are available: + +@table @command + +@item expr, e +The expression evaluation result. + +It must take one argument specifying the expression to be evaluated, +which accepts the same constants and functions as the @var{x} and +@var{y} values. Note that not all constants should be used, for +example the text size is not known when evaluating the expression, so +the constants @var{text_w} and @var{text_h} will have an undefined +value. + +@item gmtime +The time at which the filter is running, expressed in UTC. +It can accept an argument: a strftime() format string. + +@item localtime +The time at which the filter is running, expressed in the local time zone. +It can accept an argument: a strftime() format string. + +@item n, frame_num +The frame number, starting from 0. + +@item pts +The timestamp of the current frame, in seconds, with microsecond accuracy. + @end table -For example the command: +@subsection Examples + +Some examples follow. + +@itemize + +@item +Draw "Test Text" with font FreeSerif, using the default values for the +optional parameters. + @example drawtext="fontfile=/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont/FreeSerif.ttf: text='Test Text'" @end example -will draw "Test Text" with font FreeSerif, using the default values -for the optional parameters. +@item +Draw 'Test Text' with font FreeSerif of size 24 at position x=100 +and y=50 (counting from the top-left corner of the screen), text is +yellow with a red box around it. Both the text and the box have an +opacity of 20%. -The command: @example drawtext="fontfile=/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont/FreeSerif.ttf: text='Test Text':\ x=100: y=50: fontsize=24: fontcolor=yellow@@0.2: box=1: boxcolor=red@@0.2" @end example -will draw 'Test Text' with font FreeSerif of size 24 at position x=100 -and y=50 (counting from the top-left corner of the screen), text is -yellow with a red box around it. Both the text and the box have an -opacity of 20%. - Note that the double quotes are not necessary if spaces are not used within the parameter list. +@item +Show the text at the center of the video frame: +@example +drawtext="fontsize=30:fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text='hello world':x=(w-text_w)/2:y=(h-text_h-line_h)/2" +@end example + +@item +Show a text line sliding from right to left in the last row of the video +frame. The file @file{LONG_LINE} is assumed to contain a single line +with no newlines. +@example +drawtext="fontsize=15:fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text=LONG_LINE:y=h-line_h:x=-50*t" +@end example + +@item +Show the content of file @file{CREDITS} off the bottom of the frame and scroll up. +@example +drawtext="fontsize=20:fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:textfile=CREDITS:y=h-20*t" +@end example + +@item +Draw a single green letter "g", at the center of the input video. +The glyph baseline is placed at half screen height. +@example +drawtext="fontsize=60:fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:fontcolor=green:text=g:x=(w-max_glyph_w)/2:y=h/2-ascent" +@end example + +@item +Show text for 1 second every 3 seconds: +@example +drawtext="fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:fontcolor=white:x=100:y=x/dar:draw=lt(mod(t\,3)\,1):text='blink'" +@end example + +@item +Use fontconfig to set the font. Note that the colons need to be escaped. +@example +drawtext='fontfile=Linux Libertine O-40\:style=Semibold:text=FFmpeg' +@end example + +@item +Print the date of a real-time encoding (see strftime(3)): +@example +drawtext='fontfile=FreeSans.ttf:text=%@{localtime:%a %b %d %Y@}' +@end example + +@end itemize + For more information about libfreetype, check: @url{http://www.freetype.org/}. +For more information about fontconfig, check: +@url{http://freedesktop.org/software/fontconfig/fontconfig-user.html}. + +@section edgedetect + +Detect and draw edges. The filter uses the Canny Edge Detection algorithm. + +This filter accepts the following optional named parameters: + +@table @option +@item low, high +Set low and high threshold values used by the Canny thresholding +algorithm. + +The high threshold selects the "strong" edge pixels, which are then +connected through 8-connectivity with the "weak" edge pixels selected +by the low threshold. + +@var{low} and @var{high} threshold values must be choosen in the range +[0,1], and @var{low} should be lesser or equal to @var{high}. + +Default value for @var{low} is @code{20/255}, and default value for @var{high} +is @code{50/255}. +@end table + +Example: +@example +edgedetect=low=0.1:high=0.4 +@end example + @section fade Apply fade-in/out effect to input video. -It accepts the parameters: -@var{type}:@var{start_frame}:@var{nb_frames} - -@var{type} specifies if the effect type, can be either "in" for -fade-in, or "out" for a fade-out effect. +The filter accepts parameters as a list of @var{key}=@var{value} +pairs, separated by ":". If the key of the first options is omitted, +the arguments are interpreted according to the syntax +@var{type}:@var{start_frame}:@var{nb_frames}. -@var{start_frame} specifies the number of the start frame for starting -to apply the fade effect. +A description of the accepted parameters follows. -@var{nb_frames} specifies the number of frames for which the fade -effect has to last. At the end of the fade-in effect the output video -will have the same intensity as the input video, at the end of the -fade-out transition the output video will be completely black. +@table @option +@item type, t +Specify if the effect type, can be either @code{in} for fade-in, or +@code{out} for a fade-out effect. Default is @code{in}. + +@item start_frame, s +Specify the number of the start frame for starting to apply the fade +effect. Default is 0. + +@item nb_frames, n +Specify the number of frames for which the fade effect has to last. At +the end of the fade-in effect the output video will have the same +intensity as the input video, at the end of the fade-out transition +the output video will be completely black. Default is 25. + +@item alpha +If set to 1, fade only alpha channel, if one exists on the input. +Default value is 0. +@end table -A few usage examples follow, usable too as test scenarios. +@subsection Examples +@itemize +@item +Fade in first 30 frames of video: @example -# fade in first 30 frames of video fade=in:0:30 +@end example -# fade out last 45 frames of a 200-frame video +The command above is equivalent to: +@example +fade=t=in:s=0:n=30 +@end example + +@item +Fade out last 45 frames of a 200-frame video: +@example fade=out:155:45 +@end example -# fade in first 25 frames and fade out last 25 frames of a 1000-frame video +@item +Fade in first 25 frames and fade out last 25 frames of a 1000-frame video: +@example fade=in:0:25, fade=out:975:25 +@end example -# make first 5 frames black, then fade in from frame 5-24 +@item +Make first 5 frames black, then fade in from frame 5-24: +@example fade=in:5:20 @end example +@item +Fade in alpha over first 25 frames of video: +@example +fade=in:0:25:alpha=1 +@end example +@end itemize + +@section field + +Extract a single field from an interlaced image using stride +arithmetic to avoid wasting CPU time. The output frames are marked as +non-interlaced. + +This filter accepts the following named options: +@table @option +@item type +Specify whether to extract the top (if the value is @code{0} or +@code{top}) or the bottom field (if the value is @code{1} or +@code{bottom}). +@end table + +If the option key is not specified, the first value sets the @var{type} +option. For example: +@example +field=bottom +@end example + +is equivalent to: +@example +field=type=bottom +@end example + @section fieldorder Transform the field order of the input video. @@ -1035,7 +2780,7 @@ which is bottom field first. For example: @example -./avconv -i in.vob -vf "fieldorder=bff" out.dv +ffmpeg -i in.vob -vf "fieldorder=bff" out.dv @end example @section fifo @@ -1074,29 +2819,60 @@ This filter accepts the following named parameters: @table @option @item fps -Desired output framerate. +Desired output framerate. The default is @code{25}. + +@item round +Rounding method. + +Possible values are: +@table @option +@item zero +zero round towards 0 +@item inf +round away from 0 +@item down +round towards -infinity +@item up +round towards +infinity +@item near +round to nearest +@end table +The default is @code{near}. @end table +Alternatively, the options can be specified as a flat string: +@var{fps}[:@var{round}]. + +See also the @ref{setpts} filter. + +@section framestep + +Select one frame every N. + +This filter accepts in input a string representing a positive +integer. Default argument is @code{1}. + @anchor{frei0r} @section frei0r Apply a frei0r effect to the input video. To enable compilation of this filter you need to install the frei0r -header and configure Libav with --enable-frei0r. +header and configure FFmpeg with @code{--enable-frei0r}. The filter supports the syntax: @example @var{filter_name}[@{:|=@}@var{param1}:@var{param2}:...:@var{paramN}] @end example -@var{filter_name} is the name to the frei0r effect to load. If the +@var{filter_name} is the name of the frei0r effect to load. If the environment variable @env{FREI0R_PATH} is defined, the frei0r effect -is searched in each one of the directories specified by the colon -separated list in @env{FREIOR_PATH}, otherwise in the standard frei0r -paths, which are in this order: @file{HOME/.frei0r-1/lib/}, -@file{/usr/local/lib/frei0r-1/}, @file{/usr/lib/frei0r-1/}. +is searched in each one of the directories specified by the colon (or +semicolon on Windows platforms) separated list in @env{FREIOR_PATH}, +otherwise in the standard frei0r paths, which are in this order: +@file{HOME/.frei0r-1/lib/}, @file{/usr/local/lib/frei0r-1/}, +@file{/usr/lib/frei0r-1/}. @var{param1}, @var{param2}, ... , @var{paramN} specify the parameters for the frei0r effect. @@ -1112,27 +2888,122 @@ The number and kind of parameters depend on the loaded effect. If an effect parameter is not specified the default value is set. Some examples follow: + +@itemize +@item +Apply the distort0r effect, set the first two double parameters: @example -# apply the distort0r effect, set the first two double parameters frei0r=distort0r:0.5:0.01 +@end example -# apply the colordistance effect, takes a color as first parameter +@item +Apply the colordistance effect, take a color as first parameter: +@example frei0r=colordistance:0.2/0.3/0.4 frei0r=colordistance:violet frei0r=colordistance:0x112233 +@end example -# apply the perspective effect, specify the top left and top right -# image positions +@item +Apply the perspective effect, specify the top left and top right image +positions: +@example frei0r=perspective:0.2/0.2:0.8/0.2 @end example +@end itemize For more information see: -@url{http://piksel.org/frei0r} +@url{http://frei0r.dyne.org} + +@section geq + +The filter takes one, two or three equations as parameter, separated by ':'. +The first equation is mandatory and applies to the luma plane. The two +following are respectively for chroma blue and chroma red planes. + +The filter syntax allows named parameters: + +@table @option +@item lum_expr +the luminance expression +@item cb_expr +the chrominance blue expression +@item cr_expr +the chrominance red expression +@end table + +If one of the chrominance expression is not defined, it falls back on the other +one. If none of them are specified, they will evaluate the luminance +expression. + +The expressions can use the following variables and functions: + +@table @option +@item N +The sequential number of the filtered frame, starting from @code{0}. + +@item X, Y +The coordinates of the current sample. + +@item W, H +The width and height of the image. + +@item SW, SH +Width and height scale depending on the currently filtered plane. It is the +ratio between the corresponding luma plane number of pixels and the current +plane ones. E.g. for YUV4:2:0 the values are @code{1,1} for the luma plane, and +@code{0.5,0.5} for chroma planes. + +@item T +Time of the current frame, expressed in seconds. + +@item p(x, y) +Return the value of the pixel at location (@var{x},@var{y}) of the current +plane. + +@item lum(x, y) +Return the value of the pixel at location (@var{x},@var{y}) of the luminance +plane. + +@item cb(x, y) +Return the value of the pixel at location (@var{x},@var{y}) of the +blue-difference chroma plane. + +@item cr(x, y) +Return the value of the pixel at location (@var{x},@var{y}) of the +red-difference chroma plane. +@end table + +For functions, if @var{x} and @var{y} are outside the area, the value will be +automatically clipped to the closer edge. + +Some examples follow: + +@itemize +@item +Flip the image horizontally: +@example +geq=p(W-X\,Y) +@end example + +@item +Generate a bidimensional sine wave, with angle @code{PI/3} and a +wavelength of 100 pixels: +@example +geq=128 + 100*sin(2*(PI/100)*(cos(PI/3)*(X-50*T) + sin(PI/3)*Y)):128:128 +@end example + +@item +Generate a fancy enigmatic moving light: +@example +nullsrc=s=256x256,geq=random(1)/hypot(X-cos(N*0.07)*W/2-W/2\,Y-sin(N*0.09)*H/2-H/2)^2*1000000*sin(N*0.02):128:128 +@end example +@end itemize @section gradfun Fix the banding artifacts that are sometimes introduced into nearly flat -regions by truncation to 8bit colordepth. +regions by truncation to 8bit color depth. Interpolate the gradients that should go where the bands are, and dither them. @@ -1140,37 +3011,93 @@ This filter is designed for playback only. Do not use it prior to lossy compression, because compression tends to lose the dither and bring back the bands. -The filter takes two optional parameters, separated by ':': -@var{strength}:@var{radius} +The filter accepts a list of options in the form of @var{key}=@var{value} pairs +separated by ":". A description of the accepted options follows. + +@table @option -@var{strength} is the maximum amount by which the filter will change +@item strength +The maximum amount by which the filter will change any one pixel. Also the threshold for detecting nearly flat -regions. Acceptable values range from .51 to 255, default value is -1.2, out-of-range values will be clipped to the valid range. +regions. Acceptable values range from @code{0.51} to @code{64}, default value +is @code{1.2}. -@var{radius} is the neighborhood to fit the gradient to. A larger +@item radius +The neighborhood to fit the gradient to. A larger radius makes for smoother gradients, but also prevents the filter from modifying the pixels near detailed regions. Acceptable values are -8-32, default value is 16, out-of-range values will be clipped to the -valid range. +@code{8-32}, default value is @code{16}. + +@end table +Alternatively, the options can be specified as a flat string: +@var{strength}[:@var{radius}] + +@subsection Examples + +@itemize +@item +Apply the filter with a @code{3.5} strength and radius of @code{8}: @example -# default parameters -gradfun=1.2:16 +gradfun=3.5:8 +@end example -# omitting radius -gradfun=1.2 +@item +Specify radius, omitting the strength (which will fall-back to the default +value): +@example +gradfun=radius=8 @end example +@end itemize + @section hflip Flip the input video horizontally. -For example to horizontally flip the input video with @command{avconv}: +For example to horizontally flip the input video with @command{ffmpeg}: @example -avconv -i in.avi -vf "hflip" out.avi +ffmpeg -i in.avi -vf "hflip" out.avi @end example +@section histeq +This filter applies a global color histogram equalization on a +per-frame basis. + +It can be used to correct video that has a compressed range of pixel +intensities. The filter redistributes the pixel intensities to +equalize their distribution across the intensity range. It may be +viewed as an "automatically adjusting contrast filter". This filter is +useful only for correcting degraded or poorly captured source +video. + +The filter accepts parameters as a list of @var{key}=@var{value} +pairs, separated by ":". If the key of the first options is omitted, +the arguments are interpreted according to syntax +@var{strength}:@var{intensity}:@var{antibanding}. + +This filter accepts the following named options: + +@table @option +@item strength +Determine the amount of equalization to be applied. As the strength +is reduced, the distribution of pixel intensities more-and-more +approaches that of the input frame. The value must be a float number +in the range [0,1] and defaults to 0.200. + +@item intensity +Set the maximum intensity that can generated and scale the output +values appropriately. The strength should be set as desired and then +the intensity can be limited if needed to avoid washing-out. The value +must be a float number in the range [0,1] and defaults to 0.210. + +@item antibanding +Set the antibanding level. If enabled the filter will randomly vary +the luminance of output pixels by a small amount to avoid banding of +the histogram. Possible values are @code{none}, @code{weak} or +@code{strong}. It defaults to @code{none}. +@end table + @section hqdn3d High precision/quality 3d denoise filter. This filter aims to reduce @@ -1198,6 +3125,182 @@ a float number which specifies chroma temporal strength, defaults to @var{luma_tmp}*@var{chroma_spatial}/@var{luma_spatial} @end table +@section hue + +Modify the hue and/or the saturation of the input. + +This filter accepts the following optional named options: + +@table @option +@item h +Specify the hue angle as a number of degrees. It accepts a float +number or an expression, and defaults to 0.0. + +@item H +Specify the hue angle as a number of degrees. It accepts a float +number or an expression, and defaults to 0.0. + +@item s +Specify the saturation in the [-10,10] range. It accepts a float number and +defaults to 1.0. +@end table + +The @var{h}, @var{H} and @var{s} parameters are expressions containing the +following constants: + +@table @option +@item n +frame count of the input frame starting from 0 + +@item pts +presentation timestamp of the input frame expressed in time base units + +@item r +frame rate of the input video, NAN if the input frame rate is unknown + +@item t +timestamp expressed in seconds, NAN if the input timestamp is unknown + +@item tb +time base of the input video +@end table + +The options can also be set using the syntax: @var{hue}:@var{saturation} + +In this case @var{hue} is expressed in degrees. + +Some examples follow: +@itemize +@item +Set the hue to 90 degrees and the saturation to 1.0: +@example +hue=h=90:s=1 +@end example + +@item +Same command but expressing the hue in radians: +@example +hue=H=PI/2:s=1 +@end example + +@item +Same command without named options, hue must be expressed in degrees: +@example +hue=90:1 +@end example + +@item +Note that "h:s" syntax does not support expressions for the values of +h and s, so the following example will issue an error: +@example +hue=PI/2:1 +@end example + +@item +Rotate hue and make the saturation swing between 0 +and 2 over a period of 1 second: +@example +hue="H=2*PI*t: s=sin(2*PI*t)+1" +@end example + +@item +Apply a 3 seconds saturation fade-in effect starting at 0: +@example +hue="s=min(t/3\,1)" +@end example + +The general fade-in expression can be written as: +@example +hue="s=min(0\, max((t-START)/DURATION\, 1))" +@end example + +@item +Apply a 3 seconds saturation fade-out effect starting at 5 seconds: +@example +hue="s=max(0\, min(1\, (8-t)/3))" +@end example + +The general fade-out expression can be written as: +@example +hue="s=max(0\, min(1\, (START+DURATION-t)/DURATION))" +@end example + +@end itemize + +@subsection Commands + +This filter supports the following command: +@table @option +@item reinit +Modify the hue and/or the saturation of the input video. +The command accepts the same named options and syntax than when calling the +filter from the command-line. + +If a parameter is omitted, it is kept at its current value. +@end table + +@section idet + +Interlaceing detect filter. This filter tries to detect if the input is +interlaced or progressive. Top or bottom field first. + +@section kerndeint + +Deinterlace input video by applying Donald Graft's adaptive kernel +deinterling. Work on interlaced parts of a video to produce +progressive frames. + +This filter accepts parameters as a list of @var{key}=@var{value} +pairs, separated by ":". If the key of the first options is omitted, +the arguments are interpreted according to the following syntax: +@var{thresh}:@var{map}:@var{order}:@var{sharp}:@var{twoway}. + +The description of the accepted parameters follows. + +@table @option +@item thresh +Set the threshold which affects the filter's tolerance when +determining if a pixel line must be processed. It must be an integer +in the range [0,255] and defaults to 10. A value of 0 will result in +applying the process on every pixels. + +@item map +Paint pixels exceeding the threshold value to white if set to 1. +Default is 0. + +@item order +Set the fields order. Swap fields if set to 1, leave fields alone if +0. Default is 0. + +@item sharp +Enable additional sharpening if set to 1. Default is 0. + +@item twoway +Enable twoway sharpening if set to 1. Default is 0. +@end table + +@subsection Examples + +@itemize +@item +Apply default values: +@example +kerndeint=thresh=10:map=0:order=0:sharp=0:twoway=0 +@end example + +@item +Enable additional sharpening: +@example +kerndeint=sharp=1 +@end example + +@item +Paint processed pixels in white: +@example +kerndeint=map=1 +@end example +@end itemize + @section lut, lutrgb, lutyuv Compute a look-up table for binding each pixel component input value @@ -1213,10 +3316,14 @@ corresponding pixel component values. The @var{lut} filter requires either YUV or RGB pixel formats in input, and accepts the options: @table @option -@item @var{c0} (first pixel component) -@item @var{c1} (second pixel component) -@item @var{c2} (third pixel component) -@item @var{c3} (fourth pixel component, corresponds to the alpha component) +@item c0 +set first pixel component expression +@item c1 +set second pixel component expression +@item c2 +set third pixel component expression +@item c3 +set fourth pixel component expression, corresponds to the alpha component @end table The exact component associated to each option depends on the format in @@ -1225,28 +3332,32 @@ input. The @var{lutrgb} filter requires RGB pixel formats in input, and accepts the options: @table @option -@item @var{r} (red component) -@item @var{g} (green component) -@item @var{b} (blue component) -@item @var{a} (alpha component) +@item r +set red component expression +@item g +set green component expression +@item b +set blue component expression +@item a +alpha component expression @end table The @var{lutyuv} filter requires YUV pixel formats in input, and accepts the options: @table @option -@item @var{y} (Y/luminance component) -@item @var{u} (U/Cb component) -@item @var{v} (V/Cr component) -@item @var{a} (alpha component) +@item y +set Y/luminance component expression +@item u +set U/Cb component expression +@item v +set V/Cr component expression +@item a +set alpha component expression @end table The expressions can contain the following constants and functions: @table @option -@item E, PI, PHI -the corresponding mathematical approximated values for e -(euler number), pi (greek PI), PHI (golden ratio) - @item w, h the input width and height @@ -1281,34 +3392,132 @@ expression All expressions default to "val". -Some examples follow: +@subsection Examples + +@itemize +@item +Negate input video: @example -# negate input video lutrgb="r=maxval+minval-val:g=maxval+minval-val:b=maxval+minval-val" lutyuv="y=maxval+minval-val:u=maxval+minval-val:v=maxval+minval-val" +@end example -# the above is the same as +The above is the same as: +@example lutrgb="r=negval:g=negval:b=negval" lutyuv="y=negval:u=negval:v=negval" +@end example -# negate luminance -lutyuv=negval +@item +Negate luminance: +@example +lutyuv=y=negval +@end example -# remove chroma components, turns the video into a graytone image +@item +Remove chroma components, turns the video into a graytone image: +@example lutyuv="u=128:v=128" +@end example -# apply a luma burning effect +@item +Apply a luma burning effect: +@example lutyuv="y=2*val" +@end example -# remove green and blue components +@item +Remove green and blue components: +@example lutrgb="g=0:b=0" +@end example -# set a constant alpha channel value on input +@item +Set a constant alpha channel value on input: +@example format=rgba,lutrgb=a="maxval-minval/2" +@end example -# correct luminance gamma by a 0.5 factor +@item +Correct luminance gamma by a 0.5 factor: +@example lutyuv=y=gammaval(0.5) @end example +@end itemize + +@section mp + +Apply an MPlayer filter to the input video. + +This filter provides a wrapper around most of the filters of +MPlayer/MEncoder. + +This wrapper is considered experimental. Some of the wrapped filters +may not work properly and we may drop support for them, as they will +be implemented natively into FFmpeg. Thus you should avoid +depending on them when writing portable scripts. + +The filters accepts the parameters: +@var{filter_name}[:=]@var{filter_params} + +@var{filter_name} is the name of a supported MPlayer filter, +@var{filter_params} is a string containing the parameters accepted by +the named filter. + +The list of the currently supported filters follows: +@table @var +@item detc +@item dint +@item divtc +@item down3dright +@item dsize +@item eq2 +@item eq +@item fil +@item fspp +@item harddup +@item il +@item ilpack +@item ivtc +@item kerndeint +@item mcdeint +@item noise +@item ow +@item perspective +@item phase +@item pp7 +@item pullup +@item qp +@item sab +@item softpulldown +@item softskip +@item spp +@item telecine +@item tinterlace +@item unsharp +@item uspp +@end table + +The parameter syntax and behavior for the listed filters are the same +of the corresponding MPlayer filters. For detailed instructions check +the "VIDEO FILTERS" section in the MPlayer manual. + +Some examples follow: +@itemize +@item +Adjust gamma, brightness, contrast: +@example +mp=eq2=1.0:2:0.5 +@end example + +@item +Add temporal noise to input video: +@example +mp=noise=20t +@end example +@end itemize + +See also mplayer(1), @url{http://www.mplayerhq.hu/}. @section negate @@ -1317,6 +3526,8 @@ Negate input video. This filter accepts an integer in input, if non-zero it negates the alpha component (if available). The default value in input is 0. +@section noformat + Force libavfilter not to use any of the specified pixel formats for the input to the next filter. @@ -1342,7 +3553,7 @@ Pass the video source unchanged to the output. Apply video transform using libopencv. To enable this filter install libopencv library and headers and -configure Libav with --enable-libopencv. +configure FFmpeg with @code{--enable-libopencv}. The filter takes the parameters: @var{filter_name}@{:=@}@var{filter_params}. @@ -1442,13 +3653,20 @@ Overlay one video on top of another. It takes two inputs and one output, the first input is the "main" video on which the second input is overlayed. -It accepts the parameters: @var{x}:@var{y}. +This filter accepts a list of @var{key}=@var{value} pairs as argument, +separated by ":". If the key of the first options is omitted, the +arguments are interpreted according to the syntax @var{x}:@var{y}. -@var{x} is the x coordinate of the overlayed video on the main video, -@var{y} is the y coordinate. The parameters are expressions containing -the following parameters: +A description of the accepted options follows. @table @option +@item x, y +Set the expression for the x and y coordinates of the overlayed video +on the main video. Default value is 0. + +The @var{x} and @var{y} expressions can contain the following +parameters: +@table @option @item main_w, main_h main input width and height @@ -1462,50 +3680,129 @@ overlay input width and height same as @var{overlay_w} and @var{overlay_h} @end table +@item rgb +If set to 1, force the filter to accept inputs in the RGB +color space. Default value is 0. +@end table + Be aware that frames are taken from each input video in timestamp order, hence, if their initial timestamps differ, it is a a good idea to pass the two inputs through a @var{setpts=PTS-STARTPTS} filter to have them begin in the same zero timestamp, as it does the example for the @var{movie} filter. -Follow some examples: +You can chain together more overlays but you should test the +efficiency of such approach. + +@subsection Examples + +@itemize +@item +Draw the overlay at 10 pixels from the bottom right corner of the main +video: @example -# draw the overlay at 10 pixels from the bottom right -# corner of the main video. overlay=main_w-overlay_w-10:main_h-overlay_h-10 +@end example -# insert a transparent PNG logo in the bottom left corner of the input -avconv -i input -i logo -filter_complex 'overlay=10:main_h-overlay_h-10' output +Using named options the example above becomes: +@example +overlay=x=main_w-overlay_w-10:y=main_h-overlay_h-10 +@end example -# insert 2 different transparent PNG logos (second logo on bottom -# right corner): -avconv -i input -i logo1 -i logo2 -filter_complex -'overlay=10:H-h-10,overlay=W-w-10:H-h-10' output +@item +Insert a transparent PNG logo in the bottom left corner of the input, +using the @command{ffmpeg} tool with the @code{-filter_complex} option: +@example +ffmpeg -i input -i logo -filter_complex 'overlay=10:main_h-overlay_h-10' output +@end example -# add a transparent color layer on top of the main video, -# WxH specifies the size of the main input to the overlay filter -color=red@.3:WxH [over]; [in][over] overlay [out] +@item +Insert 2 different transparent PNG logos (second logo on bottom +right corner) using the @command{ffmpeg} tool: +@example +ffmpeg -i input -i logo1 -i logo2 -filter_complex 'overlay=10:H-h-10,overlay=W-w-10:H-h-10' output @end example -You can chain together more overlays but the efficiency of such -approach is yet to be tested. +@item +Add a transparent color layer on top of the main video, WxH specifies +the size of the main input to the overlay filter: +@example +color=red@@.3:WxH [over]; [in][over] overlay [out] +@end example + +@item +Play an original video and a filtered version (here with the deshake +filter) side by side using the @command{ffplay} tool: +@example +ffplay input.avi -vf 'split[a][b]; [a]pad=iw*2:ih[src]; [b]deshake[filt]; [src][filt]overlay=w' +@end example + +The above command is the same as: +@example +ffplay input.avi -vf 'split[b], pad=iw*2[src], [b]deshake, [src]overlay=w' +@end example + +@item +Chain several overlays in cascade: +@example +nullsrc=s=200x200 [bg]; +testsrc=s=100x100, split=4 [in0][in1][in2][in3]; +[in0] lutrgb=r=0, [bg] overlay=0:0 [mid0]; +[in1] lutrgb=g=0, [mid0] overlay=100:0 [mid1]; +[in2] lutrgb=b=0, [mid1] overlay=0:100 [mid2]; +[in3] null, [mid2] overlay=100:100 [out0] +@end example + +@end itemize @section pad -Add paddings to the input image, and places the original input at the +Add paddings to the input image, and place the original input at the given coordinates @var{x}, @var{y}. -It accepts the following parameters: +The filter accepts parameters as a list of @var{key}=@var{value} pairs, +separated by ":". + +If the key of the first options is omitted, the arguments are +interpreted according to the syntax @var{width}:@var{height}:@var{x}:@var{y}:@var{color}. -The parameters @var{width}, @var{height}, @var{x}, and @var{y} are -expressions containing the following constants: +A description of the accepted options follows. @table @option -@item E, PI, PHI -the corresponding mathematical approximated values for e -(euler number), pi (greek PI), phi (golden ratio) +@item width, w +@item height, h +Specify an expression for the size of the output image with the +paddings added. If the value for @var{width} or @var{height} is 0, the +corresponding input size is used for the output. + +The @var{width} expression can reference the value set by the +@var{height} expression, and vice versa. + +The default value of @var{width} and @var{height} is 0. + +@item x +@item y +Specify an expression for the offsets where to place the input image +in the padded area with respect to the top/left border of the output +image. +The @var{x} expression can reference the value set by the @var{y} +expression, and vice versa. + +The default value of @var{x} and @var{y} is 0. + +@item color +Specify the color of the padded area, it can be the name of a color +(case insensitive match) or a 0xRRGGBB[AA] sequence. + +The default value of @var{color} is "black". +@end table + +The value for the @var{width}, @var{height}, @var{x}, and @var{y} +options are expressions containing the following constants: + +@table @option @item in_w, in_h the input video width and height @@ -1524,70 +3821,77 @@ x and y offsets as specified by the @var{x} and @var{y} expressions, or NAN if not yet specified @item a -input display aspect ratio, same as @var{iw} / @var{ih} +same as @var{iw} / @var{ih} + +@item sar +input sample aspect ratio + +@item dar +input display aspect ratio, it is the same as (@var{iw} / @var{ih}) * @var{sar} @item hsub, vsub horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the pixel format "yuv422p" @var{hsub} is 2 and @var{vsub} is 1. @end table -Follows the description of the accepted parameters. - -@table @option -@item width, height - -Specify the size of the output image with the paddings added. If the -value for @var{width} or @var{height} is 0, the corresponding input size -is used for the output. - -The @var{width} expression can reference the value set by the -@var{height} expression, and vice versa. - -The default value of @var{width} and @var{height} is 0. - -@item x, y - -Specify the offsets where to place the input image in the padded area -with respect to the top/left border of the output image. - -The @var{x} expression can reference the value set by the @var{y} -expression, and vice versa. - -The default value of @var{x} and @var{y} is 0. - -@item color - -Specify the color of the padded area, it can be the name of a color -(case insensitive match) or a 0xRRGGBB[AA] sequence. - -The default value of @var{color} is "black". - -@end table - -Some examples follow: +@subsection Examples +@itemize +@item +Add paddings with color "violet" to the input video. Output video +size is 640x480, the top-left corner of the input video is placed at +column 0, row 40: @example -# Add paddings with color "violet" to the input video. Output video -# size is 640x480, the top-left corner of the input video is placed at -# column 0, row 40. pad=640:480:0:40:violet +@end example -# pad the input to get an output with dimensions increased bt 3/2, -# and put the input video at the center of the padded area +The example above is equivalent to the following command: +@example +pad=width=640:height=480:x=0:y=40:color=violet +@end example + +@item +Pad the input to get an output with dimensions increased by 3/2, +and put the input video at the center of the padded area: +@example pad="3/2*iw:3/2*ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2" +@end example -# pad the input to get a squared output with size equal to the maximum -# value between the input width and height, and put the input video at -# the center of the padded area +@item +Pad the input to get a squared output with size equal to the maximum +value between the input width and height, and put the input video at +the center of the padded area: +@example pad="max(iw\,ih):ow:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2" +@end example -# pad the input to get a final w/h ratio of 16:9 +@item +Pad the input to get a final w/h ratio of 16:9: +@example pad="ih*16/9:ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2" +@end example + +@item +In case of anamorphic video, in order to set the output display aspect +correctly, it is necessary to use @var{sar} in the expression, +according to the relation: +@example +(ih * X / ih) * sar = output_dar +X = output_dar / sar +@end example + +Thus the previous example needs to be modified to: +@example +pad="ih*16/9/sar:ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2" +@end example -# double output size and put the input video in the bottom-right -# corner of the output padded area +@item +Double output size and put the input video in the bottom-right +corner of the output padded area: +@example pad="2*iw:2*ih:ow-iw:oh-ih" @end example +@end itemize @section pixdesctest @@ -1601,354 +3905,479 @@ format=monow, pixdesctest can be used to test the monowhite pixel format descriptor definition. -@section scale +@section pp -Scale the input video to @var{width}:@var{height} and/or convert the image format. +Enable the specified chain of postprocessing subfilters using libpostproc. This +library should be automatically selected with a GPL build (@code{--enable-gpl}). +Subfilters must be separated by '/' and can be disabled by prepending a '-'. +Each subfilter and some options have a short and a long name that can be used +interchangeably, i.e. dr/dering are the same. -The parameters @var{width} and @var{height} are expressions containing -the following constants: +All subfilters share common options to determine their scope: @table @option -@item E, PI, PHI -the corresponding mathematical approximated values for e -(euler number), pi (greek PI), phi (golden ratio) +@item a/autoq +Honor the quality commands for this subfilter. -@item in_w, in_h -the input width and height +@item c/chrom +Do chrominance filtering, too (default). -@item iw, ih -same as @var{in_w} and @var{in_h} +@item y/nochrom +Do luminance filtering only (no chrominance). -@item out_w, out_h -the output (cropped) width and height - -@item ow, oh -same as @var{out_w} and @var{out_h} +@item n/noluma +Do chrominance filtering only (no luminance). +@end table -@item dar, a -input display aspect ratio, same as @var{iw} / @var{ih} +These options can be appended after the subfilter name, separated by a ':'. -@item sar -input sample aspect ratio +Available subfilters are: -@item hsub, vsub -horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the -pixel format "yuv422p" @var{hsub} is 2 and @var{vsub} is 1. +@table @option +@item hb/hdeblock[:difference[:flatness]] +Horizontal deblocking filter +@table @option +@item difference +Difference factor where higher values mean more deblocking (default: @code{32}). +@item flatness +Flatness threshold where lower values mean more deblocking (default: @code{39}). @end table -If the input image format is different from the format requested by -the next filter, the scale filter will convert the input to the -requested format. +@item vb/vdeblock[:difference[:flatness]] +Vertical deblocking filter +@table @option +@item difference +Difference factor where higher values mean more deblocking (default: @code{32}). +@item flatness +Flatness threshold where lower values mean more deblocking (default: @code{39}). +@end table -If the value for @var{width} or @var{height} is 0, the respective input -size is used for the output. +@item ha/hadeblock[:difference[:flatness]] +Accurate horizontal deblocking filter +@table @option +@item difference +Difference factor where higher values mean more deblocking (default: @code{32}). +@item flatness +Flatness threshold where lower values mean more deblocking (default: @code{39}). +@end table -If the value for @var{width} or @var{height} is -1, the scale filter will -use, for the respective output size, a value that maintains the aspect -ratio of the input image. +@item va/vadeblock[:difference[:flatness]] +Accurate vertical deblocking filter +@table @option +@item difference +Difference factor where higher values mean more deblocking (default: @code{32}). +@item flatness +Flatness threshold where lower values mean more deblocking (default: @code{39}). +@end table +@end table -The default value of @var{width} and @var{height} is 0. +The horizontal and vertical deblocking filters share the difference and +flatness values so you cannot set different horizontal and vertical +thresholds. -Some examples follow: -@example -# scale the input video to a size of 200x100. -scale=200:100 +@table @option +@item h1/x1hdeblock +Experimental horizontal deblocking filter -# scale the input to 2x -scale=2*iw:2*ih -# the above is the same as -scale=2*in_w:2*in_h +@item v1/x1vdeblock +Experimental vertical deblocking filter -# scale the input to half size -scale=iw/2:ih/2 +@item dr/dering +Deringing filter -# increase the width, and set the height to the same size -scale=3/2*iw:ow +@item tn/tmpnoise[:threshold1[:threshold2[:threshold3]]], temporal noise reducer +@table @option +@item threshold1 +larger -> stronger filtering +@item threshold2 +larger -> stronger filtering +@item threshold3 +larger -> stronger filtering +@end table -# seek for Greek harmony -scale=iw:1/PHI*iw -scale=ih*PHI:ih +@item al/autolevels[:f/fullyrange], automatic brightness / contrast correction +@table @option +@item f/fullyrange +Stretch luminance to @code{0-255}. +@end table -# increase the height, and set the width to 3/2 of the height -scale=3/2*oh:3/5*ih +@item lb/linblenddeint +Linear blend deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given block by +filtering all lines with a @code{(1 2 1)} filter. -# increase the size, but make the size a multiple of the chroma -scale="trunc(3/2*iw/hsub)*hsub:trunc(3/2*ih/vsub)*vsub" +@item li/linipoldeint +Linear interpolating deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given block by +linearly interpolating every second line. -# increase the width to a maximum of 500 pixels, keep the same input aspect ratio -scale='min(500\, iw*3/2):-1' -@end example +@item ci/cubicipoldeint +Cubic interpolating deinterlacing filter deinterlaces the given block by +cubically interpolating every second line. -@section select -Select frames to pass in output. +@item md/mediandeint +Median deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given block by applying a +median filter to every second line. -It accepts in input an expression, which is evaluated for each input -frame. If the expression is evaluated to a non-zero value, the frame -is selected and passed to the output, otherwise it is discarded. +@item fd/ffmpegdeint +FFmpeg deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given block by filtering every +second line with a @code{(-1 4 2 4 -1)} filter. -The expression can contain the following constants: +@item l5/lowpass5 +Vertically applied FIR lowpass deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given +block by filtering all lines with a @code{(-1 2 6 2 -1)} filter. +@item fq/forceQuant[:quantizer] +Overrides the quantizer table from the input with the constant quantizer you +specify. @table @option -@item PI -Greek PI +@item quantizer +Quantizer to use +@end table -@item PHI -golden ratio +@item de/default +Default pp filter combination (@code{hb:a,vb:a,dr:a}) -@item E -Euler number +@item fa/fast +Fast pp filter combination (@code{h1:a,v1:a,dr:a}) -@item n -the sequential number of the filtered frame, starting from 0 +@item ac +High quality pp filter combination (@code{ha:a:128:7,va:a,dr:a}) +@end table -@item selected_n -the sequential number of the selected frame, starting from 0 +@subsection Examples -@item prev_selected_n -the sequential number of the last selected frame, NAN if undefined +@itemize +@item +Apply horizontal and vertical deblocking, deringing and automatic +brightness/contrast: +@example +pp=hb/vb/dr/al +@end example -@item TB -timebase of the input timestamps +@item +Apply default filters without brightness/contrast correction: +@example +pp=de/-al +@end example -@item pts -the PTS (Presentation TimeStamp) of the filtered video frame, -expressed in @var{TB} units, NAN if undefined +@item +Apply default filters and temporal denoiser: +@example +pp=default/tmpnoise:1:2:3 +@end example -@item t -the PTS (Presentation TimeStamp) of the filtered video frame, -expressed in seconds, NAN if undefined +@item +Apply deblocking on luminance only, and switch vertical deblocking on or off +automatically depending on available CPU time: +@example +pp=hb:y/vb:a +@end example +@end itemize -@item prev_pts -the PTS of the previously filtered video frame, NAN if undefined +@section removelogo -@item prev_selected_pts -the PTS of the last previously filtered video frame, NAN if undefined +Suppress a TV station logo, using an image file to determine which +pixels comprise the logo. It works by filling in the pixels that +comprise the logo with neighboring pixels. -@item prev_selected_t -the PTS of the last previously selected video frame, NAN if undefined +This filter requires one argument which specifies the filter bitmap +file, which can be any image format supported by libavformat. The +width and height of the image file must match those of the video +stream being processed. -@item start_pts -the PTS of the first video frame in the video, NAN if undefined +Pixels in the provided bitmap image with a value of zero are not +considered part of the logo, non-zero pixels are considered part of +the logo. If you use white (255) for the logo and black (0) for the +rest, you will be safe. For making the filter bitmap, it is +recommended to take a screen capture of a black frame with the logo +visible, and then using a threshold filter followed by the erode +filter once or twice. -@item start_t -the time of the first video frame in the video, NAN if undefined +If needed, little splotches can be fixed manually. Remember that if +logo pixels are not covered, the filter quality will be much +reduced. Marking too many pixels as part of the logo does not hurt as +much, but it will increase the amount of blurring needed to cover over +the image and will destroy more information than necessary, and extra +pixels will slow things down on a large logo. -@item pict_type -the type of the filtered frame, can assume one of the following -values: -@table @option -@item I -@item P -@item B -@item S -@item SI -@item SP -@item BI -@end table +@section scale -@item interlace_type -the frame interlace type, can assume one of the following values: -@table @option -@item PROGRESSIVE -the frame is progressive (not interlaced) -@item TOPFIRST -the frame is top-field-first -@item BOTTOMFIRST -the frame is bottom-field-first -@end table +Scale (resize) the input video, using the libswscale library. -@item key -1 if the filtered frame is a key-frame, 0 otherwise +The scale filter forces the output display aspect ratio to be the same +of the input, by changing the output sample aspect ratio. -@item pos -the position in the file of the filtered frame, -1 if the information -is not available (e.g. for synthetic video) -@end table +This filter accepts a list of named options in the form of +@var{key}=@var{value} pairs separated by ":". If the key for the first +two options is not specified, the assumed keys for the first two +values are @code{w} and @code{h}. If the first option has no key and +can be interpreted like a video size specification, it will be used +to set the video size. -The default value of the select expression is "1". +A description of the accepted options follows. -Some examples follow: +@table @option +@item width, w +Set the video width expression, default value is @code{iw}. See below +for the list of accepted constants. -@example -# select all frames in input -select +@item height, h +Set the video heiht expression, default value is @code{ih}. +See below for the list of accepted constants. -# the above is the same as: -select=1 +@item interl +Set the interlacing. It accepts the following values: -# skip all frames: -select=0 +@table @option +@item 1 +force interlaced aware scaling -# select only I-frames -select='eq(pict_type\,I)' +@item 0 +do not apply interlaced scaling -# select one frame every 100 -select='not(mod(n\,100))' +@item -1 +select interlaced aware scaling depending on whether the source frames +are flagged as interlaced or not +@end table -# select only frames contained in the 10-20 time interval -select='gte(t\,10)*lte(t\,20)' +Default value is @code{0}. -# select only I frames contained in the 10-20 time interval -select='gte(t\,10)*lte(t\,20)*eq(pict_type\,I)' +@item flags +Set libswscale scaling flags. If not explictly specified the filter +applies a bilinear scaling algorithm. -# select frames with a minimum distance of 10 seconds -select='isnan(prev_selected_t)+gte(t-prev_selected_t\,10)' -@end example +@item size, s +Set the video size, the value must be a valid abbreviation or in the +form @var{width}x@var{height}. +@end table -@anchor{setdar} -@section setdar +The values of the @var{w} and @var{h} options are expressions +containing the following constants: -Set the Display Aspect Ratio for the filter output video. +@table @option +@item in_w, in_h +the input width and height -This is done by changing the specified Sample (aka Pixel) Aspect -Ratio, according to the following equation: -@math{DAR = HORIZONTAL_RESOLUTION / VERTICAL_RESOLUTION * SAR} +@item iw, ih +same as @var{in_w} and @var{in_h} -Keep in mind that this filter does not modify the pixel dimensions of -the video frame. Also the display aspect ratio set by this filter may -be changed by later filters in the filterchain, e.g. in case of -scaling or if another "setdar" or a "setsar" filter is applied. +@item out_w, out_h +the output (cropped) width and height -The filter accepts a parameter string which represents the wanted -display aspect ratio. -The parameter can be a floating point number string, or an expression -of the form @var{num}:@var{den}, where @var{num} and @var{den} are the -numerator and denominator of the aspect ratio. -If the parameter is not specified, it is assumed the value "0:1". +@item ow, oh +same as @var{out_w} and @var{out_h} -For example to change the display aspect ratio to 16:9, specify: -@example -setdar=16:9 -# the above is equivalent to -setdar=1.77777 -@end example +@item a +same as @var{iw} / @var{ih} -See also the @ref{setsar} filter documentation. +@item sar +input sample aspect ratio -@section setpts +@item dar +input display aspect ratio, it is the same as (@var{iw} / @var{ih}) * @var{sar} -Change the PTS (presentation timestamp) of the input video frames. +@item hsub, vsub +horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the +pixel format "yuv422p" @var{hsub} is 2 and @var{vsub} is 1. +@end table -Accept in input an expression evaluated through the eval API, which -can contain the following constants: +If the input image format is different from the format requested by +the next filter, the scale filter will convert the input to the +requested format. -@table @option -@item PTS -the presentation timestamp in input +If the value for @var{width} or @var{height} is 0, the respective input +size is used for the output. -@item PI -Greek PI +If the value for @var{width} or @var{height} is -1, the scale filter will +use, for the respective output size, a value that maintains the aspect +ratio of the input image. -@item PHI -golden ratio +@subsection Examples -@item E -Euler number +@itemize +@item +Scale the input video to a size of 200x100: +@example +scale=200:100 +@end example -@item N -the count of the input frame, starting from 0. +This is equivalent to: +@example +scale=w=200:h=100 +@end example -@item STARTPTS -the PTS of the first video frame +or: +@example +scale=200x100 +@end example -@item INTERLACED -tell if the current frame is interlaced +@item +Specify a size abbreviation for the output size: +@example +scale=qcif +@end example -@item POS -original position in the file of the frame, or undefined if undefined -for the current frame +which can also be written as: +@example +scale=size=qcif +@end example -@item PREV_INPTS -previous input PTS +@item +Scale the input to 2x: +@example +scale=2*iw:2*ih +@end example -@item PREV_OUTPTS -previous output PTS +@item +The above is the same as: +@example +scale=2*in_w:2*in_h +@end example -@item RTCTIME -wallclock (RTC) time in microseconds +@item +Scale the input to 2x with forced interlaced scaling: +@example +scale=2*iw:2*ih:interl=1 +@end example -@item RTCSTART -wallclock (RTC) time at the start of the movie in microseconds +@item +Scale the input to half size: +@example +scale=iw/2:ih/2 +@end example -@end table +@item +Increase the width, and set the height to the same size: +@example +scale=3/2*iw:ow +@end example -Some examples follow: +@item +Seek for Greek harmony: +@example +scale=iw:1/PHI*iw +scale=ih*PHI:ih +@end example +@item +Increase the height, and set the width to 3/2 of the height: @example -# start counting PTS from zero -setpts=PTS-STARTPTS +scale=3/2*oh:3/5*ih +@end example -# fast motion -setpts=0.5*PTS +@item +Increase the size, but make the size a multiple of the chroma: +@example +scale="trunc(3/2*iw/hsub)*hsub:trunc(3/2*ih/vsub)*vsub" +@end example -# slow motion -setpts=2.0*PTS +@item +Increase the width to a maximum of 500 pixels, keep the same input +aspect ratio: +@example +scale='min(500\, iw*3/2):-1' +@end example +@end itemize -# fixed rate 25 fps -setpts=N/(25*TB) +@section setdar, setsar -# fixed rate 25 fps with some jitter -setpts='1/(25*TB) * (N + 0.05 * sin(N*2*PI/25))' +The @code{setdar} filter sets the Display Aspect Ratio for the filter +output video. -# generate timestamps from a "live source" and rebase onto the current timebase -setpts='(RTCTIME - RTCSTART) / (TB * 1000000)" +This is done by changing the specified Sample (aka Pixel) Aspect +Ratio, according to the following equation: +@example +@var{DAR} = @var{HORIZONTAL_RESOLUTION} / @var{VERTICAL_RESOLUTION} * @var{SAR} @end example -@anchor{setsar} -@section setsar +Keep in mind that the @code{setdar} filter does not modify the pixel +dimensions of the video frame. Also the display aspect ratio set by +this filter may be changed by later filters in the filterchain, +e.g. in case of scaling or if another "setdar" or a "setsar" filter is +applied. -Set the Sample (aka Pixel) Aspect Ratio for the filter output video. +The @code{setsar} filter sets the Sample (aka Pixel) Aspect Ratio for +the filter output video. Note that as a consequence of the application of this filter, the -output display aspect ratio will change according to the following -equation: -@math{DAR = HORIZONTAL_RESOLUTION / VERTICAL_RESOLUTION * SAR} +output display aspect ratio will change according to the equation +above. -Keep in mind that the sample aspect ratio set by this filter may be -changed by later filters in the filterchain, e.g. if another "setsar" -or a "setdar" filter is applied. +Keep in mind that the sample aspect ratio set by the @code{setsar} +filter may be changed by later filters in the filterchain, e.g. if +another "setsar" or a "setdar" filter is applied. -The filter accepts a parameter string which represents the wanted -sample aspect ratio. -The parameter can be a floating point number string, or an expression -of the form @var{num}:@var{den}, where @var{num} and @var{den} are the -numerator and denominator of the aspect ratio. -If the parameter is not specified, it is assumed the value "0:1". +The @code{setdar} and @code{setsar} filters accept a string in the +form @var{num}:@var{den} expressing an aspect ratio, or the following +named options, expressed as a sequence of @var{key}=@var{value} pairs, +separated by ":". + +@table @option +@item max +Set the maximum integer value to use for expressing numerator and +denominator when reducing the expressed aspect ratio to a rational. +Default value is @code{100}. + +@item r, ratio: +Set the aspect ratio used by the filter. + +The parameter can be a floating point number string, an expression, or +a string of the form @var{num}:@var{den}, where @var{num} and +@var{den} are the numerator and denominator of the aspect ratio. If +the parameter is not specified, it is assumed the value "0". +In case the form "@var{num}:@var{den}" the @code{:} character should +be escaped. +@end table + +If the keys are omitted in the named options list, the specifed values +are assumed to be @var{ratio} and @var{max} in that order. -For example to change the sample aspect ratio to 10:11, specify: +For example to change the display aspect ratio to 16:9, specify: @example -setsar=10:11 +setdar='16:9' @end example -@section settb +The example above is equivalent to: +@example +setdar=1.77777 +@end example -Set the timebase to use for the output frames timestamps. -It is mainly useful for testing timebase configuration. +To change the sample aspect ratio to 10:11, specify: +@example +setsar='10:11' +@end example -It accepts in input an arithmetic expression representing a rational. -The expression can contain the constants "PI", "E", "PHI", "AVTB" (the -default timebase), and "intb" (the input timebase). +To set a display aspect ratio of 16:9, and specify a maximum integer value of +1000 in the aspect ratio reduction, use the command: +@example +setdar=ratio='16:9':max=1000 +@end example -The default value for the input is "intb". +@section setfield -Follow some examples. +Force field for the output video frame. -@example -# set the timebase to 1/25 -settb=1/25 +The @code{setfield} filter marks the interlace type field for the +output frames. It does not change the input frame, but only sets the +corresponding property, which affects how the frame is treated by +following filters (e.g. @code{fieldorder} or @code{yadif}). -# set the timebase to 1/10 -settb=0.1 +This filter accepts a single option @option{mode}, which can be +specified either by setting @code{mode=VALUE} or setting the value +alone. Available values are: -#set the timebase to 1001/1000 -settb=1+0.001 +@table @samp +@item auto +Keep the same field property. -#set the timebase to 2*intb -settb=2*intb +@item bff +Mark the frame as bottom-field-first. -#set the default timebase value -settb=AVTB -@end example +@item tff +Mark the frame as top-field-first. + +@item prog +Mark the frame as progressive. +@end table @section showinfo @@ -2002,13 +4431,79 @@ the @code{av_get_picture_type_char} function defined in @file{libavutil/avutil.h}. @item checksum -Adler-32 checksum of all the planes of the input frame +Adler-32 checksum (printed in hexadecimal) of all the planes of the input frame @item plane_checksum -Adler-32 checksum of each plane of the input frame, expressed in the form -"[@var{c0} @var{c1} @var{c2} @var{c3}]" +Adler-32 checksum (printed in hexadecimal) of each plane of the input frame, +expressed in the form "[@var{c0} @var{c1} @var{c2} @var{c3}]" +@end table + +@section smartblur + +Blur the input video without impacting the outlines. + +The filter accepts the following parameters: +@var{luma_radius}:@var{luma_strength}:@var{luma_threshold}[:@var{chroma_radius}:@var{chroma_strength}:@var{chroma_threshold}] + +Parameters prefixed by @var{luma} indicate that they work on the +luminance of the pixels whereas parameters prefixed by @var{chroma} +refer to the chrominance of the pixels. + +If the chroma parameters are not set, the luma parameters are used for +either the luminance and the chrominance of the pixels. + +@var{luma_radius} or @var{chroma_radius} must be a float number in the +range [0.1,5.0] that specifies the variance of the gaussian filter +used to blur the image (slower if larger). + +@var{luma_strength} or @var{chroma_strength} must be a float number in +the range [-1.0,1.0] that configures the blurring. A value included in +[0.0,1.0] will blur the image whereas a value included in [-1.0,0.0] +will sharpen the image. + +@var{luma_threshold} or @var{chroma_threshold} must be an integer in +the range [-30,30] that is used as a coefficient to determine whether +a pixel should be blurred or not. A value of 0 will filter all the +image, a value included in [0,30] will filter flat areas and a value +included in [-30,0] will filter edges. + +@anchor{subtitles} +@section subtitles + +Draw subtitles on top of input video using the libass library. + +To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure FFmpeg with +@code{--enable-libass}. This filter also requires a build with libavcodec and +libavformat to convert the passed subtitles file to ASS (Advanced Substation +Alpha) subtitles format. + +This filter accepts the following named options, expressed as a +sequence of @var{key}=@var{value} pairs, separated by ":". + +@table @option +@item filename, f +Set the filename of the subtitle file to read. It must be specified. + +@item original_size +Specify the size of the original video, the video for which the ASS file +was composed. Due to a misdesign in ASS aspect ratio arithmetic, this is +necessary to correctly scale the fonts if the aspect ratio has been changed. @end table +If the first key is not specified, it is assumed that the first value +specifies the @option{filename}. + +For example, to render the file @file{sub.srt} on top of the input +video, use the command: +@example +subtitles=sub.srt +@end example + +which is equivalent to: +@example +subtitles=filename=sub.srt +@end example + @section split Split input video into several identical outputs. @@ -2018,19 +4513,193 @@ unspecified, it defaults to 2. For example @example -avconv -i INPUT -filter_complex split=5 OUTPUT +ffmpeg -i INPUT -filter_complex split=5 OUTPUT @end example will create 5 copies of the input video. +For example: +@example +[in] split [splitout1][splitout2]; +[splitout1] crop=100:100:0:0 [cropout]; +[splitout2] pad=200:200:100:100 [padout]; +@end example + +will create two separate outputs from the same input, one cropped and +one padded. + +@section super2xsai + +Scale the input by 2x and smooth using the Super2xSaI (Scale and +Interpolate) pixel art scaling algorithm. + +Useful for enlarging pixel art images without reducing sharpness. + +@section swapuv +Swap U & V plane. + +@section thumbnail +Select the most representative frame in a given sequence of consecutive frames. + +It accepts as argument the frames batch size to analyze (default @var{N}=100); +in a set of @var{N} frames, the filter will pick one of them, and then handle +the next batch of @var{N} frames until the end. + +Since the filter keeps track of the whole frames sequence, a bigger @var{N} +value will result in a higher memory usage, so a high value is not recommended. + +The following example extract one picture each 50 frames: +@example +thumbnail=50 +@end example + +Complete example of a thumbnail creation with @command{ffmpeg}: +@example +ffmpeg -i in.avi -vf thumbnail,scale=300:200 -frames:v 1 out.png +@end example + +@section tile + +Tile several successive frames together. + +It accepts a list of options in the form of @var{key}=@var{value} pairs +separated by ":". A description of the accepted options follows. + +@table @option + +@item layout +Set the grid size (i.e. the number of lines and columns) in the form +"@var{w}x@var{h}". + +@item margin +Set the outer border margin in pixels. + +@item padding +Set the inner border thickness (i.e. the number of pixels between frames). For +more advanced padding options (such as having different values for the edges), +refer to the pad video filter. + +@item nb_frames +Set the maximum number of frames to render in the given area. It must be less +than or equal to @var{w}x@var{h}. The default value is @code{0}, meaning all +the area will be used. + +@end table + +Alternatively, the options can be specified as a flat string: + +@var{layout}[:@var{nb_frames}[:@var{margin}[:@var{padding}]]] + +For example, produce 8×8 PNG tiles of all keyframes (@option{-skip_frame +nokey}) in a movie: +@example +ffmpeg -skip_frame nokey -i file.avi -vf 'scale=128:72,tile=8x8' -an -vsync 0 keyframes%03d.png +@end example +The @option{-vsync 0} is necessary to prevent @command{ffmpeg} from +duplicating each output frame to accomodate the originally detected frame +rate. + +Another example to display @code{5} pictures in an area of @code{3x2} frames, +with @code{7} pixels between them, and @code{2} pixels of initial margin, using +mixed flat and named options: +@example +tile=3x2:nb_frames=5:padding=7:margin=2 +@end example + +@section tinterlace + +Perform various types of temporal field interlacing. + +Frames are counted starting from 1, so the first input frame is +considered odd. + +This filter accepts options in the form of @var{key}=@var{value} pairs +separated by ":". +Alternatively, the @var{mode} option can be specified as a value alone, +optionally followed by a ":" and further ":" separated @var{key}=@var{value} +pairs. + +A description of the accepted options follows. + +@table @option + +@item mode +Specify the mode of the interlacing. This option can also be specified +as a value alone. See below for a list of values for this option. + +Available values are: + +@table @samp +@item merge, 0 +Move odd frames into the upper field, even into the lower field, +generating a double height frame at half framerate. + +@item drop_odd, 1 +Only output even frames, odd frames are dropped, generating a frame with +unchanged height at half framerate. + +@item drop_even, 2 +Only output odd frames, even frames are dropped, generating a frame with +unchanged height at half framerate. + +@item pad, 3 +Expand each frame to full height, but pad alternate lines with black, +generating a frame with double height at the same input framerate. + +@item interleave_top, 4 +Interleave the upper field from odd frames with the lower field from +even frames, generating a frame with unchanged height at half framerate. + +@item interleave_bottom, 5 +Interleave the lower field from odd frames with the upper field from +even frames, generating a frame with unchanged height at half framerate. + +@item interlacex2, 6 +Double frame rate with unchanged height. Frames are inserted each +containing the second temporal field from the previous input frame and +the first temporal field from the next input frame. This mode relies on +the top_field_first flag. Useful for interlaced video displays with no +field synchronisation. +@end table + +Numeric values are deprecated but are accepted for backward +compatibility reasons. + +Default mode is @code{merge}. + +@item flags +Specify flags influencing the filter process. + +Available value for @var{flags} is: + +@table @option +@item low_pass_filter, vlfp +Enable vertical low-pass filtering in the filter. +Vertical low-pass filtering is required when creating an interlaced +destination from a progressive source which contains high-frequency +vertical detail. Filtering will reduce interlace 'twitter' and Moire +patterning. + +Vertical low-pass filtering can only be enabled for @option{mode} +@var{interleave_top} and @var{interleave_bottom}. + +@end table +@end table + @section transpose Transpose rows with columns in the input video and optionally flip it. -It accepts a parameter representing an integer, which can assume the -values: +The filter accepts parameters as a list of @var{key}=@var{value} +pairs, separated by ':'. If the key of the first options is omitted, +the arguments are interpreted according to the syntax +@var{dir}:@var{passthrough}. + +@table @option +@item dir +Specify the transposition direction. Can assume the following values: @table @samp -@item 0 +@item 0, 4 Rotate by 90 degrees counterclockwise and vertically flip (default), that is: @example L.R L.l @@ -2038,7 +4707,7 @@ L.R L.l l.r R.r @end example -@item 1 +@item 1, 5 Rotate by 90 degrees clockwise, that is: @example L.R l.L @@ -2046,7 +4715,7 @@ L.R l.L l.r r.R @end example -@item 2 +@item 2, 6 Rotate by 90 degrees counterclockwise, that is: @example L.R R.r @@ -2054,7 +4723,7 @@ L.R R.r l.r L.l @end example -@item 3 +@item 3, 7 Rotate by 90 degrees clockwise and vertically flip, that is: @example L.R r.R @@ -2063,6 +4732,36 @@ l.r l.L @end example @end table +For values between 4-7, the transposition is only done if the input +video geometry is portrait and not landscape. These values are +deprecated, the @code{passthrough} option should be used instead. + +@item passthrough +Do not apply the transposition if the input geometry matches the one +specified by the specified value. It accepts the following values: +@table @samp +@item none +Always apply transposition. +@item portrait +Preserve portrait geometry (when @var{height} >= @var{width}). +@item landscape +Preserve landscape geometry (when @var{width} >= @var{height}). +@end table + +Default value is @code{none}. +@end table + +For example to rotate by 90 degrees clockwise and preserve portrait +layout: +@example +transpose=dir=1:passthrough=portrait +@end example + +The command above can also be specified as: +@example +transpose=1:portrait +@end example + @section unsharp Sharpen or blur the input video. @@ -2096,7 +4795,7 @@ and 13, default value is 5. Set the chroma matrix vertical size. It can be an integer between 3 and 13, default value is 5. -@item luma_amount +@item chroma_amount Set the chroma effect strength. It can be a float number between -2.0 and 5.0, default value is 0.0. @@ -2109,8 +4808,8 @@ unsharp=7:7:2.5 # Strong blur of both luma and chroma parameters unsharp=7:7:-2:7:7:-2 -# Use the default values with @command{avconv} -./avconv -i in.avi -vf "unsharp" out.mp4 +# Use the default values with @command{ffmpeg} +ffmpeg -i in.avi -vf "unsharp" out.mp4 @end example @section vflip @@ -2118,7 +4817,7 @@ unsharp=7:7:-2:7:7:-2 Flip the input video vertically. @example -./avconv -i in.avi -vf "vflip" out.avi +ffmpeg -i in.avi -vf "vflip" out.avi @end example @section yadif @@ -2126,51 +4825,61 @@ Flip the input video vertically. Deinterlace the input video ("yadif" means "yet another deinterlacing filter"). -It accepts the optional parameters: @var{mode}:@var{parity}:@var{auto}. +The filter accepts parameters as a list of @var{key}=@var{value} +pairs, separated by ":". If the key of the first options is omitted, +the arguments are interpreted according to syntax +@var{mode}:@var{parity}:@var{deint}. -@var{mode} specifies the interlacing mode to adopt, accepts one of the -following values: +The description of the accepted parameters follows. @table @option -@item 0 +@item mode +Specify the interlacing mode to adopt. Accept one of the following +values: + +@table @option +@item 0, send_frame output 1 frame for each frame -@item 1 +@item 1, send_field output 1 frame for each field -@item 2 -like 0 but skips spatial interlacing check -@item 3 -like 1 but skips spatial interlacing check +@item 2, send_frame_nospatial +like @code{send_frame} but skip spatial interlacing check +@item 3, send_field_nospatial +like @code{send_field} but skip spatial interlacing check @end table -Default value is 0. +Default value is @code{send_frame}. -@var{parity} specifies the picture field parity assumed for the input -interlaced video, accepts one of the following values: +@item parity +Specify the picture field parity assumed for the input interlaced +video. Accept one of the following values: @table @option -@item 0 +@item 0, tff assume top field first -@item 1 +@item 1, bff assume bottom field first -@item -1 +@item -1, auto enable automatic detection @end table -Default value is -1. +Default value is @code{auto}. If interlacing is unknown or decoder does not export this information, top field first will be assumed. -@var{auto} specifies if deinterlacer should trust the interlaced flag -and only deinterlace frames marked as interlaced +@item deint +Specify which frames to deinterlace. Accept one of the following +values: @table @option -@item 0 +@item 0, all deinterlace all frames -@item 1 +@item 1, interlaced only deinterlace frames marked as interlaced @end table -Default value is 0. +Default value is @code{all}. +@end table @c man end VIDEO FILTERS @@ -2186,35 +4895,37 @@ Buffer video frames, and make them available to the filter chain. This source is mainly intended for a programmatic use, in particular through the interface defined in @file{libavfilter/vsrc_buffer.h}. -It accepts the following parameters: -@var{width}:@var{height}:@var{pix_fmt_string}:@var{timebase_num}:@var{timebase_den}:@var{sample_aspect_ratio_num}:@var{sample_aspect_ratio.den} - -All the parameters need to be explicitly defined. - -Follows the list of the accepted parameters. +It accepts a list of options in the form of @var{key}=@var{value} pairs +separated by ":". A description of the accepted options follows. @table @option -@item width, height -Specify the width and height of the buffered video frames. +@item video_size +Specify the size (width and height) of the buffered video frames. -@item pix_fmt_string +@item pix_fmt A string representing the pixel format of the buffered video frames. It may be a number corresponding to a pixel format, or a pixel format name. -@item timebase_num, timebase_den -Specify numerator and denomitor of the timebase assumed by the -timestamps of the buffered frames. +@item time_base +Specify the timebase assumed by the timestamps of the buffered frames. + +@item time_base +Specify the frame rate expected for the video stream. + +@item pixel_aspect +Specify the sample aspect ratio assumed by the video frames. -@item sample_aspect_ratio.num, sample_aspect_ratio.den -Specify numerator and denominator of the sample aspect ratio assumed -by the video frames. +@item sws_param +Specify the optional parameters to be used for the scale filter which +is automatically inserted when an input change is detected in the +input size or format. @end table For example: @example -buffer=320:240:yuv410p:1:24:1:1 +buffer=size=320x240:pix_fmt=yuv410p:time_base=1/24:pixel_aspect=1/1 @end example will instruct the source to accept video frames with size 320x240 and @@ -2224,130 +4935,265 @@ Since the pixel format with name "yuv410p" corresponds to the number 6 (check the enum AVPixelFormat definition in @file{libavutil/pixfmt.h}), this example corresponds to: @example -buffer=320:240:6:1:24 +buffer=size=320x240:pixfmt=6:time_base=1/24:pixel_aspect=1/1 @end example -@section color +Alternatively, the options can be specified as a flat string, but this +syntax is deprecated: -Provide an uniformly colored input. +@var{width}:@var{height}:@var{pix_fmt}:@var{time_base.num}:@var{time_base.den}:@var{pixel_aspect.num}:@var{pixel_aspect.den}[:@var{sws_param}] -It accepts the following parameters: -@var{color}:@var{frame_size}:@var{frame_rate} +@section cellauto + +Create a pattern generated by an elementary cellular automaton. + +The initial state of the cellular automaton can be defined through the +@option{filename}, and @option{pattern} options. If such options are +not specified an initial state is created randomly. -Follows the description of the accepted parameters. +At each new frame a new row in the video is filled with the result of +the cellular automaton next generation. The behavior when the whole +frame is filled is defined by the @option{scroll} option. + +This source accepts a list of options in the form of +@var{key}=@var{value} pairs separated by ":". A description of the +accepted options follows. @table @option +@item filename, f +Read the initial cellular automaton state, i.e. the starting row, from +the specified file. +In the file, each non-whitespace character is considered an alive +cell, a newline will terminate the row, and further characters in the +file will be ignored. -@item color -Specify the color of the source. It can be the name of a color (case -insensitive match) or a 0xRRGGBB[AA] sequence, possibly followed by an -alpha specifier. The default value is "black". +@item pattern, p +Read the initial cellular automaton state, i.e. the starting row, from +the specified string. -@item frame_size -Specify the size of the sourced video, it may be a string of the form -@var{width}x@var{height}, or the name of a size abbreviation. The -default value is "320x240". +Each non-whitespace character in the string is considered an alive +cell, a newline will terminate the row, and further characters in the +string will be ignored. -@item frame_rate -Specify the frame rate of the sourced video, as the number of frames -generated per second. It has to be a string in the format -@var{frame_rate_num}/@var{frame_rate_den}, an integer number, a float -number or a valid video frame rate abbreviation. The default value is -"25". +@item rate, r +Set the video rate, that is the number of frames generated per second. +Default is 25. + +@item random_fill_ratio, ratio +Set the random fill ratio for the initial cellular automaton row. It +is a floating point number value ranging from 0 to 1, defaults to +1/PHI. + +This option is ignored when a file or a pattern is specified. + +@item random_seed, seed +Set the seed for filling randomly the initial row, must be an integer +included between 0 and UINT32_MAX. If not specified, or if explicitly +set to -1, the filter will try to use a good random seed on a best +effort basis. + +@item rule +Set the cellular automaton rule, it is a number ranging from 0 to 255. +Default value is 110. + +@item size, s +Set the size of the output video. + +If @option{filename} or @option{pattern} is specified, the size is set +by default to the width of the specified initial state row, and the +height is set to @var{width} * PHI. + +If @option{size} is set, it must contain the width of the specified +pattern string, and the specified pattern will be centered in the +larger row. + +If a filename or a pattern string is not specified, the size value +defaults to "320x518" (used for a randomly generated initial state). + +@item scroll +If set to 1, scroll the output upward when all the rows in the output +have been already filled. If set to 0, the new generated row will be +written over the top row just after the bottom row is filled. +Defaults to 1. + +@item start_full, full +If set to 1, completely fill the output with generated rows before +outputting the first frame. +This is the default behavior, for disabling set the value to 0. +@item stitch +If set to 1, stitch the left and right row edges together. +This is the default behavior, for disabling set the value to 0. @end table -For example the following graph description will generate a red source -with an opacity of 0.2, with size "qcif" and a frame rate of 10 -frames per second, which will be overlayed over the source connected -to the pad with identifier "in". +@subsection Examples +@itemize +@item +Read the initial state from @file{pattern}, and specify an output of +size 200x400. @example -"color=red@@0.2:qcif:10 [color]; [in][color] overlay [out]" +cellauto=f=pattern:s=200x400 @end example -@section movie +@item +Generate a random initial row with a width of 200 cells, with a fill +ratio of 2/3: +@example +cellauto=ratio=2/3:s=200x200 +@end example -Read a video stream from a movie container. +@item +Create a pattern generated by rule 18 starting by a single alive cell +centered on an initial row with width 100: +@example +cellauto=p=@@:s=100x400:full=0:rule=18 +@end example -Note that this source is a hack that bypasses the standard input path. It can be -useful in applications that do not support arbitrary filter graphs, but its use -is discouraged in those that do. Specifically in @command{avconv} this filter -should never be used, the @option{-filter_complex} option fully replaces it. +@item +Specify a more elaborated initial pattern: +@example +cellauto=p='@@@@ @@ @@@@':s=100x400:full=0:rule=18 +@end example -It accepts the syntax: @var{movie_name}[:@var{options}] where -@var{movie_name} is the name of the resource to read (not necessarily -a file but also a device or a stream accessed through some protocol), -and @var{options} is an optional sequence of @var{key}=@var{value} -pairs, separated by ":". +@end itemize -The description of the accepted options follows. +@section mandelbrot + +Generate a Mandelbrot set fractal, and progressively zoom towards the +point specified with @var{start_x} and @var{start_y}. + +This source accepts a list of options in the form of +@var{key}=@var{value} pairs separated by ":". A description of the +accepted options follows. @table @option -@item format_name, f -Specifies the format assumed for the movie to read, and can be either -the name of a container or an input device. If not specified the -format is guessed from @var{movie_name} or by probing. +@item end_pts +Set the terminal pts value. Default value is 400. -@item seek_point, sp -Specifies the seek point in seconds, the frames will be output -starting from this seek point, the parameter is evaluated with -@code{av_strtod} so the numerical value may be suffixed by an IS -postfix. Default value is "0". +@item end_scale +Set the terminal scale value. +Must be a floating point value. Default value is 0.3. -@item stream_index, si -Specifies the index of the video stream to read. If the value is -1, -the best suited video stream will be automatically selected. Default -value is "-1". +@item inner +Set the inner coloring mode, that is the algorithm used to draw the +Mandelbrot fractal internal region. + +It shall assume one of the following values: +@table @option +@item black +Set black mode. +@item convergence +Show time until convergence. +@item mincol +Set color based on point closest to the origin of the iterations. +@item period +Set period mode. +@end table + +Default value is @var{mincol}. + +@item bailout +Set the bailout value. Default value is 10.0. + +@item maxiter +Set the maximum of iterations performed by the rendering +algorithm. Default value is 7189. +@item outer +Set outer coloring mode. +It shall assume one of following values: +@table @option +@item iteration_count +Set iteration cound mode. +@item normalized_iteration_count +set normalized iteration count mode. @end table +Default value is @var{normalized_iteration_count}. -This filter allows to overlay a second video on top of main input of -a filtergraph as shown in this graph: -@example -input -----------> deltapts0 --> overlay --> output - ^ - | -movie --> scale--> deltapts1 -------+ -@end example +@item rate, r +Set frame rate, expressed as number of frames per second. Default +value is "25". -Some examples follow: -@example -# skip 3.2 seconds from the start of the avi file in.avi, and overlay it -# on top of the input labelled as "in". -movie=in.avi:seek_point=3.2, scale=180:-1, setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [movie]; -[in] setpts=PTS-STARTPTS, [movie] overlay=16:16 [out] +@item size, s +Set frame size. Default value is "640x480". -# read from a video4linux2 device, and overlay it on top of the input -# labelled as "in" -movie=/dev/video0:f=video4linux2, scale=180:-1, setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [movie]; -[in] setpts=PTS-STARTPTS, [movie] overlay=16:16 [out] +@item start_scale +Set the initial scale value. Default value is 3.0. + +@item start_x +Set the initial x position. Must be a floating point value between +-100 and 100. Default value is -0.743643887037158704752191506114774. + +@item start_y +Set the initial y position. Must be a floating point value between +-100 and 100. Default value is -0.131825904205311970493132056385139. +@end table + +@section mptestsrc + +Generate various test patterns, as generated by the MPlayer test filter. + +The size of the generated video is fixed, and is 256x256. +This source is useful in particular for testing encoding features. +This source accepts an optional sequence of @var{key}=@var{value} pairs, +separated by ":". The description of the accepted options follows. + +@table @option + +@item rate, r +Specify the frame rate of the sourced video, as the number of frames +generated per second. It has to be a string in the format +@var{frame_rate_num}/@var{frame_rate_den}, an integer number, a float +number or a valid video frame rate abbreviation. The default value is +"25". + +@item duration, d +Set the video duration of the sourced video. The accepted syntax is: +@example +[-]HH:MM:SS[.m...] +[-]S+[.m...] @end example +See also the function @code{av_parse_time()}. + +If not specified, or the expressed duration is negative, the video is +supposed to be generated forever. -@section nullsrc +@item test, t -Null video source, never return images. It is mainly useful as a -template and to be employed in analysis / debugging tools. +Set the number or the name of the test to perform. Supported tests are: +@table @option +@item dc_luma +@item dc_chroma +@item freq_luma +@item freq_chroma +@item amp_luma +@item amp_chroma +@item cbp +@item mv +@item ring1 +@item ring2 +@item all +@end table -It accepts as optional parameter a string of the form -@var{width}:@var{height}:@var{timebase}. +Default value is "all", which will cycle through the list of all tests. +@end table -@var{width} and @var{height} specify the size of the configured -source. The default values of @var{width} and @var{height} are -respectively 352 and 288 (corresponding to the CIF size format). +For example the following: +@example +testsrc=t=dc_luma +@end example -@var{timebase} specifies an arithmetic expression representing a -timebase. The expression can contain the constants "PI", "E", "PHI", -"AVTB" (the default timebase), and defaults to the value "AVTB". +will generate a "dc_luma" test pattern. @section frei0r_src Provide a frei0r source. To enable compilation of this filter you need to install the frei0r -header and configure Libav with --enable-frei0r. +header and configure FFmpeg with @code{--enable-frei0r}. The source supports the syntax: @example @@ -2362,28 +5208,169 @@ the form @var{num}/@var{den} or a frame rate abbreviation. information regarding frei0r and how to set the parameters read the section @ref{frei0r} in the description of the video filters. -Some examples follow: +For example, to generate a frei0r partik0l source with size 200x200 +and frame rate 10 which is overlayed on the overlay filter main input: @example -# generate a frei0r partik0l source with size 200x200 and framerate 10 -# which is overlayed on the overlay filter main input frei0r_src=200x200:10:partik0l=1234 [overlay]; [in][overlay] overlay @end example -@section rgbtestsrc, testsrc +@section life + +Generate a life pattern. + +This source is based on a generalization of John Conway's life game. + +The sourced input represents a life grid, each pixel represents a cell +which can be in one of two possible states, alive or dead. Every cell +interacts with its eight neighbours, which are the cells that are +horizontally, vertically, or diagonally adjacent. + +At each interaction the grid evolves according to the adopted rule, +which specifies the number of neighbor alive cells which will make a +cell stay alive or born. The @option{rule} option allows to specify +the rule to adopt. + +This source accepts a list of options in the form of +@var{key}=@var{value} pairs separated by ":". A description of the +accepted options follows. + +@table @option +@item filename, f +Set the file from which to read the initial grid state. In the file, +each non-whitespace character is considered an alive cell, and newline +is used to delimit the end of each row. + +If this option is not specified, the initial grid is generated +randomly. + +@item rate, r +Set the video rate, that is the number of frames generated per second. +Default is 25. + +@item random_fill_ratio, ratio +Set the random fill ratio for the initial random grid. It is a +floating point number value ranging from 0 to 1, defaults to 1/PHI. +It is ignored when a file is specified. + +@item random_seed, seed +Set the seed for filling the initial random grid, must be an integer +included between 0 and UINT32_MAX. If not specified, or if explicitly +set to -1, the filter will try to use a good random seed on a best +effort basis. + +@item rule +Set the life rule. + +A rule can be specified with a code of the kind "S@var{NS}/B@var{NB}", +where @var{NS} and @var{NB} are sequences of numbers in the range 0-8, +@var{NS} specifies the number of alive neighbor cells which make a +live cell stay alive, and @var{NB} the number of alive neighbor cells +which make a dead cell to become alive (i.e. to "born"). +"s" and "b" can be used in place of "S" and "B", respectively. + +Alternatively a rule can be specified by an 18-bits integer. The 9 +high order bits are used to encode the next cell state if it is alive +for each number of neighbor alive cells, the low order bits specify +the rule for "borning" new cells. Higher order bits encode for an +higher number of neighbor cells. +For example the number 6153 = @code{(12<<9)+9} specifies a stay alive +rule of 12 and a born rule of 9, which corresponds to "S23/B03". + +Default value is "S23/B3", which is the original Conway's game of life +rule, and will keep a cell alive if it has 2 or 3 neighbor alive +cells, and will born a new cell if there are three alive cells around +a dead cell. + +@item size, s +Set the size of the output video. + +If @option{filename} is specified, the size is set by default to the +same size of the input file. If @option{size} is set, it must contain +the size specified in the input file, and the initial grid defined in +that file is centered in the larger resulting area. + +If a filename is not specified, the size value defaults to "320x240" +(used for a randomly generated initial grid). + +@item stitch +If set to 1, stitch the left and right grid edges together, and the +top and bottom edges also. Defaults to 1. + +@item mold +Set cell mold speed. If set, a dead cell will go from @option{death_color} to +@option{mold_color} with a step of @option{mold}. @option{mold} can have a +value from 0 to 255. + +@item life_color +Set the color of living (or new born) cells. + +@item death_color +Set the color of dead cells. If @option{mold} is set, this is the first color +used to represent a dead cell. + +@item mold_color +Set mold color, for definitely dead and moldy cells. +@end table + +@subsection Examples + +@itemize +@item +Read a grid from @file{pattern}, and center it on a grid of size +300x300 pixels: +@example +life=f=pattern:s=300x300 +@end example + +@item +Generate a random grid of size 200x200, with a fill ratio of 2/3: +@example +life=ratio=2/3:s=200x200 +@end example + +@item +Specify a custom rule for evolving a randomly generated grid: +@example +life=rule=S14/B34 +@end example + +@item +Full example with slow death effect (mold) using @command{ffplay}: +@example +ffplay -f lavfi life=s=300x200:mold=10:r=60:ratio=0.1:death_color=#C83232:life_color=#00ff00,scale=1200:800:flags=16 +@end example +@end itemize + +@section color, nullsrc, rgbtestsrc, smptebars, testsrc + +The @code{color} source provides an uniformly colored input. + +The @code{nullsrc} source returns unprocessed video frames. It is +mainly useful to be employed in analysis / debugging tools, or as the +source for filters which ignore the input data. The @code{rgbtestsrc} source generates an RGB test pattern useful for detecting RGB vs BGR issues. You should see a red, green and blue stripe from top to bottom. +The @code{smptebars} source generates a color bars pattern, based on +the SMPTE Engineering Guideline EG 1-1990. + The @code{testsrc} source generates a test video pattern, showing a color pattern, a scrolling gradient and a timestamp. This is mainly intended for testing purposes. -Both sources accept an optional sequence of @var{key}=@var{value} pairs, +These sources accept an optional sequence of @var{key}=@var{value} pairs, separated by ":". The description of the accepted options follows. @table @option +@item color, c +Specify the color of the source, only used in the @code{color} +source. It can be the name of a color (case insensitive match) or a +0xRRGGBB[AA] sequence, possibly followed by an alpha specifier. The +default value is "black". + @item size, s Specify the size of the sourced video, it may be a string of the form @var{width}x@var{height}, or the name of a size abbreviation. The @@ -2399,7 +5386,7 @@ number or a valid video frame rate abbreviation. The default value is @item sar Set the sample aspect ratio of the sourced video. -@item duration +@item duration, d Set the video duration of the sourced video. The accepted syntax is: @example [-]HH[:MM[:SS[.m...]]] @@ -2409,6 +5396,14 @@ See also the function @code{av_parse_time()}. If not specified, or the expressed duration is negative, the video is supposed to be generated forever. + +@item decimals, n +Set the number of decimals to show in the timestamp, only used in the +@code{testsrc} source. + +The displayed timestamp value will correspond to the original +timestamp value multiplied by the power of 10 of the specified +value. Default value is 0. @end table For example the following: @@ -2417,7 +5412,21 @@ testsrc=duration=5.3:size=qcif:rate=10 @end example will generate a video with a duration of 5.3 seconds, with size -176x144 and a framerate of 10 frames per second. +176x144 and a frame rate of 10 frames per second. + +The following graph description will generate a red source +with an opacity of 0.2, with size "qcif" and a frame rate of 10 +frames per second. +@example +color=c=red@@0.2:s=qcif:r=10 +@end example + +If the input content is to be ignored, @code{nullsrc} can be used. The +following command generates noise in the luminance plane by employing +the @code{geq} filter: +@example +nullsrc=s=256x256, geq=random(1)*255:128:128 +@end example @c man end VIDEO SOURCES @@ -2431,8 +5440,13 @@ Below is a description of the currently available video sinks. Buffer video frames, and make them available to the end of the filter graph. -This sink is intended for a programmatic use through the interface defined in -@file{libavfilter/buffersink.h}. +This sink is mainly intended for a programmatic use, in particular +through the interface defined in @file{libavfilter/buffersink.h}. + +It does not require a string parameter in input, but you need to +specify a pointer to a list of supported pixel formats terminated by +-1 in the opaque parameter provided to @code{avfilter_init_filter} +when initializing this sink. @section nullsink @@ -2441,3 +5455,808 @@ mainly useful as a template and to be employed in analysis / debugging tools. @c man end VIDEO SINKS + +@chapter Multimedia Filters +@c man begin MULTIMEDIA FILTERS + +Below is a description of the currently available multimedia filters. + +@section aselect, select +Select frames to pass in output. + +These filters accept a single option @option{expr} or @option{e} +specifying the select expression, which can be specified either by +specyfing @code{expr=VALUE} or specifying the expression +alone. + +The select expression is evaluated for each input frame. If the +evaluation result is a non-zero value, the frame is selected and +passed to the output, otherwise it is discarded. + +The expression can contain the following constants: + +@table @option +@item n +the sequential number of the filtered frame, starting from 0 + +@item selected_n +the sequential number of the selected frame, starting from 0 + +@item prev_selected_n +the sequential number of the last selected frame, NAN if undefined + +@item TB +timebase of the input timestamps + +@item pts +the PTS (Presentation TimeStamp) of the filtered video frame, +expressed in @var{TB} units, NAN if undefined + +@item t +the PTS (Presentation TimeStamp) of the filtered video frame, +expressed in seconds, NAN if undefined + +@item prev_pts +the PTS of the previously filtered video frame, NAN if undefined + +@item prev_selected_pts +the PTS of the last previously filtered video frame, NAN if undefined + +@item prev_selected_t +the PTS of the last previously selected video frame, NAN if undefined + +@item start_pts +the PTS of the first video frame in the video, NAN if undefined + +@item start_t +the time of the first video frame in the video, NAN if undefined + +@item pict_type @emph{(video only)} +the type of the filtered frame, can assume one of the following +values: +@table @option +@item I +@item P +@item B +@item S +@item SI +@item SP +@item BI +@end table + +@item interlace_type @emph{(video only)} +the frame interlace type, can assume one of the following values: +@table @option +@item PROGRESSIVE +the frame is progressive (not interlaced) +@item TOPFIRST +the frame is top-field-first +@item BOTTOMFIRST +the frame is bottom-field-first +@end table + +@item consumed_sample_n @emph{(audio only)} +the number of selected samples before the current frame + +@item samples_n @emph{(audio only)} +the number of samples in the current frame + +@item sample_rate @emph{(audio only)} +the input sample rate + +@item key +1 if the filtered frame is a key-frame, 0 otherwise + +@item pos +the position in the file of the filtered frame, -1 if the information +is not available (e.g. for synthetic video) + +@item scene @emph{(video only)} +value between 0 and 1 to indicate a new scene; a low value reflects a low +probability for the current frame to introduce a new scene, while a higher +value means the current frame is more likely to be one (see the example below) + +@end table + +The default value of the select expression is "1". + +@subsection Examples + +@itemize +@item +Select all frames in input: +@example +select +@end example + +The example above is the same as: +@example +select=1 +@end example + +@item +Skip all frames: +@example +select=0 +@end example + +@item +Select only I-frames: +@example +select='eq(pict_type\,I)' +@end example + +@item +Select one frame every 100: +@example +select='not(mod(n\,100))' +@end example + +@item +Select only frames contained in the 10-20 time interval: +@example +select='gte(t\,10)*lte(t\,20)' +@end example + +@item +Select only I frames contained in the 10-20 time interval: +@example +select='gte(t\,10)*lte(t\,20)*eq(pict_type\,I)' +@end example + +@item +Select frames with a minimum distance of 10 seconds: +@example +select='isnan(prev_selected_t)+gte(t-prev_selected_t\,10)' +@end example + +@item +Use aselect to select only audio frames with samples number > 100: +@example +aselect='gt(samples_n\,100)' +@end example + +@item +Create a mosaic of the first scenes: +@example +ffmpeg -i video.avi -vf select='gt(scene\,0.4)',scale=160:120,tile -frames:v 1 preview.png +@end example + +Comparing @var{scene} against a value between 0.3 and 0.5 is generally a sane +choice. +@end itemize + +@section asendcmd, sendcmd + +Send commands to filters in the filtergraph. + +These filters read commands to be sent to other filters in the +filtergraph. + +@code{asendcmd} must be inserted between two audio filters, +@code{sendcmd} must be inserted between two video filters, but apart +from that they act the same way. + +The specification of commands can be provided in the filter arguments +with the @var{commands} option, or in a file specified by the +@var{filename} option. + +These filters accept the following options: +@table @option +@item commands, c +Set the commands to be read and sent to the other filters. +@item filename, f +Set the filename of the commands to be read and sent to the other +filters. +@end table + +@subsection Commands syntax + +A commands description consists of a sequence of interval +specifications, comprising a list of commands to be executed when a +particular event related to that interval occurs. The occurring event +is typically the current frame time entering or leaving a given time +interval. + +An interval is specified by the following syntax: +@example +@var{START}[-@var{END}] @var{COMMANDS}; +@end example + +The time interval is specified by the @var{START} and @var{END} times. +@var{END} is optional and defaults to the maximum time. + +The current frame time is considered within the specified interval if +it is included in the interval [@var{START}, @var{END}), that is when +the time is greater or equal to @var{START} and is lesser than +@var{END}. + +@var{COMMANDS} consists of a sequence of one or more command +specifications, separated by ",", relating to that interval. The +syntax of a command specification is given by: +@example +[@var{FLAGS}] @var{TARGET} @var{COMMAND} @var{ARG} +@end example + +@var{FLAGS} is optional and specifies the type of events relating to +the time interval which enable sending the specified command, and must +be a non-null sequence of identifier flags separated by "+" or "|" and +enclosed between "[" and "]". + +The following flags are recognized: +@table @option +@item enter +The command is sent when the current frame timestamp enters the +specified interval. In other words, the command is sent when the +previous frame timestamp was not in the given interval, and the +current is. + +@item leave +The command is sent when the current frame timestamp leaves the +specified interval. In other words, the command is sent when the +previous frame timestamp was in the given interval, and the +current is not. +@end table + +If @var{FLAGS} is not specified, a default value of @code{[enter]} is +assumed. + +@var{TARGET} specifies the target of the command, usually the name of +the filter class or a specific filter instance name. + +@var{COMMAND} specifies the name of the command for the target filter. + +@var{ARG} is optional and specifies the optional list of argument for +the given @var{COMMAND}. + +Between one interval specification and another, whitespaces, or +sequences of characters starting with @code{#} until the end of line, +are ignored and can be used to annotate comments. + +A simplified BNF description of the commands specification syntax +follows: +@example +@var{COMMAND_FLAG} ::= "enter" | "leave" +@var{COMMAND_FLAGS} ::= @var{COMMAND_FLAG} [(+|"|")@var{COMMAND_FLAG}] +@var{COMMAND} ::= ["[" @var{COMMAND_FLAGS} "]"] @var{TARGET} @var{COMMAND} [@var{ARG}] +@var{COMMANDS} ::= @var{COMMAND} [,@var{COMMANDS}] +@var{INTERVAL} ::= @var{START}[-@var{END}] @var{COMMANDS} +@var{INTERVALS} ::= @var{INTERVAL}[;@var{INTERVALS}] +@end example + +@subsection Examples + +@itemize +@item +Specify audio tempo change at second 4: +@example +asendcmd=c='4.0 atempo tempo 1.5',atempo +@end example + +@item +Specify a list of drawtext and hue commands in a file. +@example +# show text in the interval 5-10 +5.0-10.0 [enter] drawtext reinit 'fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text=hello world', + [leave] drawtext reinit 'fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text='; + +# desaturate the image in the interval 15-20 +15.0-20.0 [enter] hue reinit s=0, + [enter] drawtext reinit 'fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text=nocolor', + [leave] hue reinit s=1, + [leave] drawtext reinit 'fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text=color'; + +# apply an exponential saturation fade-out effect, starting from time 25 +25 [enter] hue s=exp(t-25) +@end example + +A filtergraph allowing to read and process the above command list +stored in a file @file{test.cmd}, can be specified with: +@example +sendcmd=f=test.cmd,drawtext=fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text='',hue +@end example +@end itemize + +@anchor{setpts} +@section asetpts, setpts + +Change the PTS (presentation timestamp) of the input frames. + +@code{asetpts} works on audio frames, @code{setpts} on video frames. + +Accept in input an expression evaluated through the eval API, which +can contain the following constants: + +@table @option +@item FRAME_RATE +frame rate, only defined for constant frame-rate video + +@item PTS +the presentation timestamp in input + +@item N +the count of the input frame, starting from 0. + +@item NB_CONSUMED_SAMPLES +the number of consumed samples, not including the current frame (only +audio) + +@item NB_SAMPLES +the number of samples in the current frame (only audio) + +@item SAMPLE_RATE +audio sample rate + +@item STARTPTS +the PTS of the first frame + +@item STARTT +the time in seconds of the first frame + +@item INTERLACED +tell if the current frame is interlaced + +@item T +the time in seconds of the current frame + +@item TB +the time base + +@item POS +original position in the file of the frame, or undefined if undefined +for the current frame + +@item PREV_INPTS +previous input PTS + +@item PREV_INT +previous input time in seconds + +@item PREV_OUTPTS +previous output PTS + +@item PREV_OUTT +previous output time in seconds + +@item RTCTIME +wallclock (RTC) time in microseconds. This is deprecated, use time(0) +instead. + +@item RTCSTART +wallclock (RTC) time at the start of the movie in microseconds +@end table + +@subsection Examples + +@itemize +@item +Start counting PTS from zero +@example +setpts=PTS-STARTPTS +@end example + +@item +Apply fast motion effect: +@example +setpts=0.5*PTS +@end example + +@item +Apply slow motion effect: +@example +setpts=2.0*PTS +@end example + +@item +Set fixed rate of 25 frames per second: +@example +setpts=N/(25*TB) +@end example + +@item +Set fixed rate 25 fps with some jitter: +@example +setpts='1/(25*TB) * (N + 0.05 * sin(N*2*PI/25))' +@end example + +@item +Apply an offset of 10 seconds to the input PTS: +@example +setpts=PTS+10/TB +@end example + +@item +Generate timestamps from a "live source" and rebase onto the current timebase: +@example +setpts='(RTCTIME - RTCSTART) / (TB * 1000000)' +@end example +@end itemize + +@section ebur128 + +EBU R128 scanner filter. This filter takes an audio stream as input and outputs +it unchanged. By default, it logs a message at a frequency of 10Hz with the +Momentary loudness (identified by @code{M}), Short-term loudness (@code{S}), +Integrated loudness (@code{I}) and Loudness Range (@code{LRA}). + +The filter also has a video output (see the @var{video} option) with a real +time graph to observe the loudness evolution. The graphic contains the logged +message mentioned above, so it is not printed anymore when this option is set, +unless the verbose logging is set. The main graphing area contains the +short-term loudness (3 seconds of analysis), and the gauge on the right is for +the momentary loudness (400 milliseconds). + +More information about the Loudness Recommendation EBU R128 on +@url{http://tech.ebu.ch/loudness}. + +The filter accepts the following named parameters: + +@table @option + +@item video +Activate the video output. The audio stream is passed unchanged whether this +option is set or no. The video stream will be the first output stream if +activated. Default is @code{0}. + +@item size +Set the video size. This option is for video only. Default and minimum +resolution is @code{640x480}. + +@item meter +Set the EBU scale meter. Default is @code{9}. Common values are @code{9} and +@code{18}, respectively for EBU scale meter +9 and EBU scale meter +18. Any +other integer value between this range is allowed. + +@end table + +Example of real-time graph using @command{ffplay}, with a EBU scale meter +18: +@example +ffplay -f lavfi -i "amovie=input.mp3,ebur128=video=1:meter=18 [out0][out1]" +@end example + +Run an analysis with @command{ffmpeg}: +@example +ffmpeg -nostats -i input.mp3 -filter_complex ebur128 -f null - +@end example + +@section settb, asettb + +Set the timebase to use for the output frames timestamps. +It is mainly useful for testing timebase configuration. + +It accepts in input an arithmetic expression representing a rational. +The expression can contain the constants "AVTB" (the +default timebase), "intb" (the input timebase) and "sr" (the sample rate, +audio only). + +The default value for the input is "intb". + +@subsection Examples + +@itemize +@item +Set the timebase to 1/25: +@example +settb=1/25 +@end example + +@item +Set the timebase to 1/10: +@example +settb=0.1 +@end example + +@item +Set the timebase to 1001/1000: +@example +settb=1+0.001 +@end example + +@item +Set the timebase to 2*intb: +@example +settb=2*intb +@end example + +@item +Set the default timebase value: +@example +settb=AVTB +@end example +@end itemize + +@section concat + +Concatenate audio and video streams, joining them together one after the +other. + +The filter works on segments of synchronized video and audio streams. All +segments must have the same number of streams of each type, and that will +also be the number of streams at output. + +The filter accepts the following named parameters: +@table @option + +@item n +Set the number of segments. Default is 2. + +@item v +Set the number of output video streams, that is also the number of video +streams in each segment. Default is 1. + +@item a +Set the number of output audio streams, that is also the number of video +streams in each segment. Default is 0. + +@item unsafe +Activate unsafe mode: do not fail if segments have a different format. + +@end table + +The filter has @var{v}+@var{a} outputs: first @var{v} video outputs, then +@var{a} audio outputs. + +There are @var{n}×(@var{v}+@var{a}) inputs: first the inputs for the first +segment, in the same order as the outputs, then the inputs for the second +segment, etc. + +Related streams do not always have exactly the same duration, for various +reasons including codec frame size or sloppy authoring. For that reason, +related synchronized streams (e.g. a video and its audio track) should be +concatenated at once. The concat filter will use the duration of the longest +stream in each segment (except the last one), and if necessary pad shorter +audio streams with silence. + +For this filter to work correctly, all segments must start at timestamp 0. + +All corresponding streams must have the same parameters in all segments; the +filtering system will automatically select a common pixel format for video +streams, and a common sample format, sample rate and channel layout for +audio streams, but other settings, such as resolution, must be converted +explicitly by the user. + +Different frame rates are acceptable but will result in variable frame rate +at output; be sure to configure the output file to handle it. + +Examples: +@itemize +@item +Concatenate an opening, an episode and an ending, all in bilingual version +(video in stream 0, audio in streams 1 and 2): +@example +ffmpeg -i opening.mkv -i episode.mkv -i ending.mkv -filter_complex \ + '[0:0] [0:1] [0:2] [1:0] [1:1] [1:2] [2:0] [2:1] [2:2] + concat=n=3:v=1:a=2 [v] [a1] [a2]' \ + -map '[v]' -map '[a1]' -map '[a2]' output.mkv +@end example + +@item +Concatenate two parts, handling audio and video separately, using the +(a)movie sources, and adjusting the resolution: +@example +movie=part1.mp4, scale=512:288 [v1] ; amovie=part1.mp4 [a1] ; +movie=part2.mp4, scale=512:288 [v2] ; amovie=part2.mp4 [a2] ; +[v1] [v2] concat [outv] ; [a1] [a2] concat=v=0:a=1 [outa] +@end example +Note that a desync will happen at the stitch if the audio and video streams +do not have exactly the same duration in the first file. + +@end itemize + +@section showspectrum + +Convert input audio to a video output, representing the audio frequency +spectrum. + +The filter accepts the following named parameters: +@table @option +@item size, s +Specify the video size for the output. Default value is @code{640x512}. + +@item slide +Specify if the spectrum should slide along the window. Default value is +@code{0}. + +@item mode +Specify display mode. + +It accepts the following values: +@table @samp +@item combined +all channels are displayed in the same row +@item separate +all channels are displayed in separate rows +@end table + +Default value is @samp{combined}. + +@item color +Specify display color mode. + +It accepts the following values: +@table @samp +@item channel +each channel is displayed in a separate color +@item intensity +each channel is is displayed using the same color scheme +@end table + +Default value is @samp{channel}. + +@item scale +Specify scale used for calculating intensity color values. + +It accepts the following values: +@table @samp +@item lin +linear +@item sqrt +square root, default +@item cbrt +cubic root +@item log +logarithmic +@end table + +Default value is @samp{sqrt}. + +@item saturation +Set saturation modifier for displayed colors. Negative values provide +alternative color scheme. @code{0} is no saturation at all. +Saturation must be in [-10.0, 10.0] range. +Default value is @code{1}. +@end table + +The usage is very similar to the showwaves filter; see the examples in that +section. + +@section showwaves + +Convert input audio to a video output, representing the samples waves. + +The filter accepts the following named parameters: +@table @option +@item mode +Set display mode. + +Available values are: +@table @samp +@item point +Draw a point for each sample. + +@item line +Draw a vertical line for each sample. +@end table + +Default value is @code{point}. + +@item n +Set the number of samples which are printed on the same column. A +larger value will decrease the frame rate. Must be a positive +integer. This option can be set only if the value for @var{rate} +is not explicitly specified. + +@item rate, r +Set the (approximate) output frame rate. This is done by setting the +option @var{n}. Default value is "25". + +@item size, s +Specify the video size for the output. Default value is "600x240". +@end table + +Some examples follow. +@itemize +@item +Output the input file audio and the corresponding video representation +at the same time: +@example +amovie=a.mp3,asplit[out0],showwaves[out1] +@end example + +@item +Create a synthetic signal and show it with showwaves, forcing a +framerate of 30 frames per second: +@example +aevalsrc=sin(1*2*PI*t)*sin(880*2*PI*t):cos(2*PI*200*t),asplit[out0],showwaves=r=30[out1] +@end example +@end itemize + +@c man end MULTIMEDIA FILTERS + +@chapter Multimedia Sources +@c man begin MULTIMEDIA SOURCES + +Below is a description of the currently available multimedia sources. + +@section amovie + +This is the same as @ref{movie} source, except it selects an audio +stream by default. + +@anchor{movie} +@section movie + +Read audio and/or video stream(s) from a movie container. + +It accepts the syntax: @var{movie_name}[:@var{options}] where +@var{movie_name} is the name of the resource to read (not necessarily +a file but also a device or a stream accessed through some protocol), +and @var{options} is an optional sequence of @var{key}=@var{value} +pairs, separated by ":". + +The description of the accepted options follows. + +@table @option + +@item format_name, f +Specifies the format assumed for the movie to read, and can be either +the name of a container or an input device. If not specified the +format is guessed from @var{movie_name} or by probing. + +@item seek_point, sp +Specifies the seek point in seconds, the frames will be output +starting from this seek point, the parameter is evaluated with +@code{av_strtod} so the numerical value may be suffixed by an IS +postfix. Default value is "0". + +@item streams, s +Specifies the streams to read. Several streams can be specified, +separated by "+". The source will then have as many outputs, in the +same order. The syntax is explained in the ``Stream specifiers'' +section in the ffmpeg manual. Two special names, "dv" and "da" specify +respectively the default (best suited) video and audio stream. Default +is "dv", or "da" if the filter is called as "amovie". + +@item stream_index, si +Specifies the index of the video stream to read. If the value is -1, +the best suited video stream will be automatically selected. Default +value is "-1". Deprecated. If the filter is called "amovie", it will select +audio instead of video. + +@item loop +Specifies how many times to read the stream in sequence. +If the value is less than 1, the stream will be read again and again. +Default value is "1". + +Note that when the movie is looped the source timestamps are not +changed, so it will generate non monotonically increasing timestamps. +@end table + +This filter allows to overlay a second video on top of main input of +a filtergraph as shown in this graph: +@example +input -----------> deltapts0 --> overlay --> output + ^ + | +movie --> scale--> deltapts1 -------+ +@end example + +Some examples follow. + +@itemize +@item +Skip 3.2 seconds from the start of the avi file in.avi, and overlay it +on top of the input labelled as "in": +@example +movie=in.avi:seek_point=3.2, scale=180:-1, setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [movie]; +[in] setpts=PTS-STARTPTS, [movie] overlay=16:16 [out] +@end example + +@item +Read from a video4linux2 device, and overlay it on top of the input +labelled as "in": +@example +movie=/dev/video0:f=video4linux2, scale=180:-1, setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [movie]; +[in] setpts=PTS-STARTPTS, [movie] overlay=16:16 [out] +@end example + +@item +Read the first video stream and the audio stream with id 0x81 from +dvd.vob; the video is connected to the pad named "video" and the audio is +connected to the pad named "audio": +@example +movie=dvd.vob:s=v:0+#0x81 [video] [audio] +@end example +@end itemize + +@c man end MULTIMEDIA SOURCES |