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.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1987, 1990, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" @(#)mailaddr.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/16/93
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd June 16, 1993
.Dt MAILADDR 7
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm mailaddr
.Nd mail addressing description
.Sh DESCRIPTION
Mail addresses are based on the Internet protocol listed at the end of this
manual page. These addresses are in the general format
.Pp
.Dl user@domain
.Pp
where a domain is a hierarchical dot separated list of subdomains. For
example, a valid address is:
.Pp
.Dl eric@CS.Berkeley.EDU
.Pp
Unlike some other forms of addressing, domains do not imply any routing.
Thus, although this address is specified as an Internet address, it might
travel by an alternate route if that were more convenient or efficient.
For example, at Berkeley, the associated message would probably go directly
to CS over the Ethernet rather than going via the Berkeley Internet
gateway.
.Ss Abbreviation.
Under certain circumstances it may not be necessary to type the entire
domain name. In general, anything following the first dot may be omitted
if it is the same as the domain from which you are sending the message.
For example, a user on ``calder.berkeley.edu'' could send to ``eric@CS''
without adding the ``berkeley.edu'' since it is the same on both sending
and receiving hosts.
.Ss Compatibility.
.Pp
Certain old address formats are converted to the new format to provide
compatibility with the previous mail system. In particular,
.Pp
.Dl user@host
.Pp
and
.Dl user@host.domain
.Pp
are allowed;
.Pp
.Dl host.domain!user
.Pp
is converted to
.Pp
.Dl user@host.domain
.Pp
and
.Pp
.Dl host!user
.Pp
is converted to
.Pp
.Dl user@host.UUCP
.Pp
This is normally converted back to the ``host!user'' form before being sent
on for compatibility with older UUCP hosts.
.Pp
.Ss Case Distinctions.
.Pp
Domain names (i.e., anything after the ``@'' sign) may be given in any mixture
of upper and lower case with the exception of UUCP hostnames. Most hosts
accept any combination of case in user names, with the notable exception of
MULTICS sites.
.Ss Route-addrs.
.Pp
Under some circumstances it may be necessary to route a message through
several hosts to get it to the final destination. Normally this routing
is done automatically, but sometimes it is desirable to route the message
manually. Addresses which show these relays are termed ``route-addrs.''
These use the syntax:
.Pp
.Dl <@hosta,@hostb:user@hostc>
.Pp
This specifies that the message should be sent to hosta, from there to hostb,
and finally to hostc. This path is forced even if there is a more efficient
path to hostc.
.Pp
Route-addrs occur frequently on return addresses, since these are generally
augmented by the software at each host. It is generally possible to ignore
all but the ``user@hostc'' part of the address to determine the actual
sender.
.Pp
[Note: the route-addr syntax is officially deprecated
in RFC 1123 and should not be used.]
.Pp
Many sites also support the ``percent hack'' for simplistic routing:
.Pp
.Dl user%hostc%hostb@hosta
.Pp
is routed as indicated in the previous example.
.Ss Postmaster.
.Pp
Every site is required to have a user or user alias designated ``postmaster''
to which problems with the mail system may be addressed.
.Ss Other Networks.
.Pp
Some other networks can be reached by giving the name of the network as the
last component of the domain.
.Em This is not a standard feature
and may
not be supported at all sites. For example, messages to CSNET or BITNET sites
can often be sent to ``user@host.CSNET'' or ``user@host.BITNET'' respectively.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr mail 1 ,
.Xr sendmail 8
.Rs
.%A Crocker, D. H.
.%T Standard for the Format of Arpa Internet Text Messages
.%O RFC822
.Re
.Sh HISTORY
.Nm Mailaddr
appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .
.Sh BUGS
The RFC822 group syntax (``group:user1,user2,user3;'') is not supported
except in the special case of ``group:;'' because of a conflict with old
berknet-style addresses.
.Pp
Route-Address syntax is grotty.
.Pp
UUCP- and Internet-style addresses do not coexist politely.
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