path: root/share/man/man4/ata.4

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.\" Copyright (c) 2000 Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven
.\" Copyright (c) 2000,2001,2002 Søren Schmidt
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.Dd January 27, 2000
.Dt ATA 4
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm ata ,
.Nm acd ,
.Nm ad ,
.Nm afd ,
.Nm ast
.Nd generic ATA/ATAPI disk controller driver
.Sh SYNOPSIS
For ISA based ATA/ATAPI support:
.Cd device isa
.Cd device ata
.Pp
In
.Pa /boot/device.hints :
.Cd hint.ata.0.at="isa"
.Cd hint.ata.0.port="0x1f0"
.Cd hint.ata.0.irq="14"
.Cd hint.ata.1.at="isa"
.Cd hint.ata.1.port="0x170"
.Cd hint.ata.1.irq="15"
.Pp
For PCI based ATA/ATAPI support:
.Cd device pci
.Cd device ata
.Pp
To support ATA compliant disk drives:
.Cd device atadisk
.Pp
To support ATAPI CD-ROM, CDR, CDRW, DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM drives:
.Cd device atapicd
.Pp
To support ATAPI floppy drives,
such as the ZIP and LS120:
.Cd device atapifd
.Pp
To support ATAPI tape drives:
.Cd device atapist
.Pp
The following tunables are setable from the loader:
.Bl -ohang
.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma
set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA).
.It Va hw.ata.atapi_dma
set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is PIO).
.It Va hw.ata.wc
set to 1 to enable Write Caching, 0 to disable (default is enabled).
(WARNING: might cause data loss on power failures.)
.It Va hw.ata.tags
set to 1 to enable Tagged Queuing support, 0 to disable (default is disabled).
(Only IBM DPTA, DTLA, ICxxxxxxAT, ICxxxxxxAV drives support that.)
.El
.Sh DESCRIPTION
This driver provides access to disk drives, ATAPI CD-ROM and DVD drives,
ZIP drives and tape streamers connected to controllers
according to the ATA and ATAPI standards.
These devices are also commonly known as IDE or EIDE devices.
.Pp
The currently supported controllers with their maximum speed include:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "Promise Ultra/Fasttrak-100 TX2/TX2000" -compact
.It Acerlabs Aladdin
Ultra DMA 100 (UDMA5), 100 MB/sec (depending on model, max stated at boot)
.It AMD 756
Ultra DMA 66 (UDMA4), 66 MB/sec
.It AMD 766
Ultra DMA 100 (UDMA5), 100 MB/sec
.It CMD 646
DMA 2 (WDMA2), 16 MB/sec
.It CMD 648
Ultra DMA 66 (UDMA4), 66 MB/sec
.It CMD 649
Ultra DMA 100 (UDMA5), 100 MB/sec
.It Cypress 82C693
DMA 2 (WDMA2), 16 MB/sec
.It Cyrix 5530
Ultra DMA 33 (UDMA2), 33 MB/sec
.It HighPoint HPT366
Ultra DMA 66 (UDMA4), 66 MB/sec
.It HighPoint HPT370
Ultra DMA 100 (UDMA5), 100 MB/sec
.It HighPoint HPT372
Ultra DMA 133 (UDMA6), 133 MB/sec
.It HighPoint HPT374
Ultra DMA 133 (UDMA6), 133 MB/sec
.It Intel PIIX
DMA 2 (WDMA2), 16 MB/sec
.It Intel PIIX3
DMA 2 (WDMA2), 16 MB/sec
.It Intel PIIX4
Ultra DMA 33 (UDMA2), 33 MB/sec
.It Intel ICH0
Ultra DMA 33 (UDMA2), 33 MB/sec
.It Intel ICH
Ultra DMA 66 (UDMA4), 66 MB/sec
.It Intel ICH2
Ultra DMA 100 (UDMA5), 100 MB/sec
.It Intel ICH3
Ultra DMA 100 (UDMA5), 100 MB/sec
.It Intel ICH4
Ultra DMA 100 (UDMA5), 100 MB/sec
.It Promise Ultra/Fasttrak-33
Ultra DMA 33 (UDMA2), 33 MB/sec
.It Promise Ultra/Fasttrak-66
Ultra DMA 66 (UDMA4), 66 MB/sec
.It Promise Ultra/Fasttrak-100
Ultra DMA 100 (UDMA5), 100 MB/sec
.It Promise Ultra/Fasttrak-100 TX2/TX4
Ultra DMA 100 (UDMA5), 100 MB/sec
.It Promise Ultra/Fasttrak-133 TX2/TX2000
Ultra DMA 133 (UDMA6), 133 MB/sec
.It ServerWorks ROSB4
Ultra DMA 33 (UDMA2), 33 MB/sec
.It ServerWorks CSB5
Ultra DMA 100 (UDMA5), 100 MB/sec (depending on model, max stated at boot)
.It Sil 0680
Ultra DMA 133 (UDMA6), 133 MB/sec (depending on model, max stated at boot)
.It SiS 5591
Ultra DMA 100 (UDMA5), 100 MB/sec (depending on model, max stated at boot)
.It VIA 82C586
Ultra DMA 33 (UDMA2), 33 MB/sec
.It VIA 82C596
Ultra DMA 66 (UDMA4), 66 MB/sec (depending on model, max stated at boot)
.It VIA 82C686a
Ultra DMA 66 (UDMA4), 66 MB/sec
.It VIA 82C686b
Ultra DMA 100 (UDMA5), 100 MB/sec
.It VIA 8233/8235
Ultra DMA 133 (UDMA6), 133 MB/sec (depending on model, max stated at boot)
.El
.Pp
All unknown chipsets are supported at the maximum speed of 16 MB/sec.
.Pp
The
.Nm
driver also allows for changes to the transfer mode of the devices
at a later time when the system is up and running, see
.Xr atacontrol 8 .
.Pp
The driver attempts to set the maximum performance transfer mode on your disk
drives by selecting the highest possible DMA mode. However the 
.Nm
driver sometimes issue the message 
"DMA limited to UDMA33, non-ATA66 cable or device",
if the cable is ATA66 (or above) compliant, it is because the other device
on this channel states it can only accept upto UDMA2/ATA33 signals.
ATAPI devices are left in PIO mode because DMA problems are common despite the
device specifications.
You can always try to set DMA mode on an ATAPI device using
.Xr atacontrol 8 ,
but be aware that your hardware might
.Em not
support it and can
.Em hang
the system.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width "/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC " -compact
.It Pa /dev/ad*
ATA disk device nodes
.It Pa /dev/acd*
ATAPI CD-ROM device nodes
.It Pa /dev/afd*
ATAPI floppy drive device nodes
.It Pa /dev/ast*
ATAPI tape drive device nodes
.It Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC
sample generic kernel config file for
.Nm
based systems
.El
.Sh NOTES
Static numbering
(enabled with the
.Dv ATA_STATIC_ID
kernel option)
reserves a number for each possibly connected disk,
even when not present.
This may result in odd situations where,
for example,
ad0 and ad2 exist in the absence of ad1.
The advantage is that the addition of the formerly absent drive
does not cause the numbers of the other drives to change.
.Pp
The
.Nm
driver does not support MFM/RLL/ESDI (ST-506) style disks.
.Pp
Remember that in order to use UDMA4 (and above) mode you
.Em have
to use a special 80 conductor cable,
and the driver tries to determine if you have such a cable
attached before setting UDMA4 mode.
.Pp
The use of UDMA4(66MHz) and higher together with non-UDMA4 devices on
the same ATA channel is not recommended,
unless they are run at the non-UDMA4 device's lower speed.
The driver has been designed to handle that kind of setup but lots of
older devices do not like this.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr atacontrol 8 ,
.Xr burncd 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
driver first appeared in
.Fx 4.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit
The
.Nm
driver was written by
.An S\(/oren Schmidt
.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org .
.Pp
This manual page was written by
.An Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven
.Aq asmodai@FreeBSD.org
and
.An S\(/oren Schmidt
.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org .