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.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1986, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" @(#)d.t 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
.\"
.nr H2 1
.\".ds RH "Out of band data
.br
.ne 2i
.NH
\s+2Out of band data\s0
.PP
Out of band data is a facility peculiar to the stream socket
abstraction defined. Little agreement appears to exist as
to what its semantics should be. TCP defines the notion of
``urgent data'' as in-line, while the NBS protocols [Burruss81]
and numerous others provide a fully independent logical
transmission channel along which out of band data is to be
sent.
In addition, the amount of the data which may be sent as an out
of band message varies from protocol to protocol; everything
from 1 bit to 16 bytes or more.
.PP
A stream socket's notion of out of band data has been defined
as the lowest reasonable common denominator (at least reasonable
in our minds);
clearly this is subject to debate. Out of band data is expected
to be transmitted out of the normal sequencing and flow control
constraints of the data stream. A minimum of 1 byte of out of
band data and one outstanding out of band message are expected to
be supported by the protocol supporting a stream socket.
It is a protocol's prerogative to support larger-sized messages, or
more than one outstanding out of band message at a time.
.PP
Out of band data is maintained by the protocol and is usually not
stored in the socket's receive queue.
A socket-level option, SO_OOBINLINE,
is provided to force out-of-band data to be placed in the normal
receive queue when urgent data is received;
this sometimes amelioriates problems due to loss of data
when multiple out-of-band
segments are received before the first has been passed to the user.
The PRU_SENDOOB and PRU_RCVOOB
requests to the \fIpr_usrreq\fP routine are used in sending and
receiving data.
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