path: root/sbin/atacontrol/atacontrol.8

.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2000,2001,2002 Søren Schmidt <sos@FreeBSD.org>
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd February 21, 2009
.Dt ATACONTROL 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm atacontrol
.Nd ATA device driver control program
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Aq Ar command
.Ar args
.Pp
.Nm
.Ic attach
.Ar channel
.Nm
.Ic detach
.Ar channel
.Nm
.Ic reinit
.Ar channel
.Nm
.Ic create
.Ar type Oo Ar interleave Oc Ar disk0 ... diskN
.Nm
.Ic delete
.Ar raid
.Nm
.Ic addspare
.Ar raid disk
.Nm
.Ic rebuild
.Ar raid
.Nm
.Ic status
.Ar raid
.Nm
.Ic mode
.Ar device
.Op Ar mode
.Nm
.Ic info
.Ar channel
.Nm
.Ic cap
.Ar device
.Nm
.Ic spindown
.Ar device
.Op Ar seconds
.Nm
.Ic list
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility is a control program that provides the user access and control to the
.Fx
.Xr ata 4
subsystem.
.Pp
The
.Nm
utility
can cause severe system crashes and loss of data if used improperly.
Please
exercise caution when using this command!
.Pp
The
.Ar channel
argument is the ATA channel device (e.g., ata0) on which to operate.
The following commands are supported:
.Bl -tag -width ".Ic addspare"
.It Ic attach
Attach an ATA
.Ar channel .
Devices on the channel are probed and attached as
is done on boot.
.It Ic detach
Detach an ATA
.Ar channel .
Devices on the channel are removed from the kernel,
and all outstanding transfers etc.\& are returned back to the system marked
as failed.
.It Ic reinit
Reinitialize an ATA
.Ar channel .
Both devices on the channel are reset and
initialized to the parameters the ATA driver has stored internally.
Devices that have gone bad and no longer respond to the probe, or devices
that have physically been removed, are removed from the kernel.
Likewise are devices that show up during a reset, probed and attached.
.It Ic create
Create a
.Ar type
ATA RAID.
The type can be
.Cm RAID0
(stripe),
.Cm RAID1
(mirror),
.Cm RAID0+1 ,
.Cm SPAN
or
.Cm JBOD .
In case the RAID has a
.Cm RAID0
component,
the
.Ar interleave
must be specified in number of sectors.
The RAID will be created
of the individual disks named
.Bk -words
.Ar disk0 ... diskN .
.Ek
.Pp
Although the ATA driver allows for creating an ATA RAID on disks with any
controller, there are restrictions.
It is only possible to boot on
an array if it is either located on a
.Dq real
ATA RAID controller like
the Promise or Highpoint controllers, or if the RAID declared is of
.Cm RAID1
or
.Cm SPAN
type; in case of a
.Cm SPAN ,
the partition to boot must
reside on the first disk in the SPAN.
.It Ic delete
Delete a RAID array on a RAID capable ATA controller.
.It Ic addspare
Add a spare disk to an existing RAID.
.It Ic rebuild
Rebuild a RAID1 array on a RAID capable ATA controller.
.It Ic status
Get the status of an ATA RAID.
.It Ic mode
Without the
.Ar mode
argument, the current transfer mode of the
device are printed.
If the
.Ar mode
argument is given, the ATA driver
is asked to change the transfer mode to the one given.
The ATA driver
will reject modes that are not supported by the hardware.
Modes are given like
.Dq Li PIO3 ,
.Dq Li udma2 ,
.Dq Li udma100 ,
case does not matter.
.Pp
Currently supported modes are:
.Cm BIOSPIO , PIO0 , PIO1 , PIO2 , PIO3 , PIO4 , WDMA2 , UDMA2
(alias
.Cm UDMA33 ) ,
.Cm UDMA4
(alias
.Cm UDMA66 ) ,
.Cm UDMA5
(alias
.Cm UDMA100 ) ,
.Cm UDMA6
(alias
.Cm UDMA133 ) ,
.Cm SATA150 , SATA300 , USB , USB1 , USB2
and
.Cm BIOSDMA .
.It Ic cap
Show detailed info about the device on
.Ar device .
.It Ic spindown
Set or report timeout after which the
.Ar device
will be spun down.
To arm the timeout the device needs at least one more request after
setting the timeout.
To disable spindown, set the timeout to zero.
No further actions are needed in this case.
.It Ic info
Show info about the attached devices on the
.Ar channel .
The device name and manufacture/version strings are shown.
.It Ic list
Show info about all attached devices on all active controllers.
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
To get information on devices attached to a channel,
use the command line:
.Pp
.Dl "atacontrol info ata0"
.Pp
To see the devices' current access modes, use the command line:
.Pp
.Dl "atacontrol mode ad0"
.Pp
which results in the modes of the devices being displayed as a string
like this:
.Pp
.Dl "current mode = UDMA100"
.Pp
You can set the mode with
.Nm
and a string like the above,
for example:
.Pp
.Dl "atacontrol mode ad0 PIO4"
.Pp
The new modes are set as soon as the
.Nm
command returns.
.Pp
The atacontrol command can also be used to create purely software
RAID arrays in systems that do NOT have a "real" hardware RAID card
such as a Highpoint or Promise card.
A common scenario is a 1U server such as the HP DL320 G4 or G5.
These servers contain a SATA controller that has 2 channels that can
contain 2 disks per channel, but the servers are wired to only place
a single SATA drive on each channel.
These servers do have a "pseudo" RAID BIOS but it uses a proprietary
format that is not compatible with the ata driver, and thus their
RAID bios must be switched off.
Another common scenario would be a Promise UDMA100 controller card
that did not contain the Fasttrack RAID BIOS, but did contain 2
UDMA channels.
1 disk would be attached to one channel and the other disk would be
attached to the other channel.
It is NOT recommended to create such arrays on a primary/secondary
pair on a SINGLE channel since the throughput of the mirror would be
severely compromised, the ability to rebuild the array in the event
of a disk failure would be greatly complicated, and if a disk
controller electronics failed it could wedge the channel and take
both disks in the mirror offline.
(which would defeat the purpose of having a mirror in the first place)
.Pp
A quick and dirty way to create such a mirrored array on a new
system is to boot off the FreeBSD install CD, do a minimal scratch
install, abort out of the post install questions, and at the command
line issue the command:
.Pp
.Dl "atacontrol create RAID1 ad4 ad6"
.Pp
then immediately issue a reboot and boot from the installation CD
again, and during the installation, you will now see "ar0" listed
as a disk to install on, and install on that instead of ad4, ad6, etc.
.Pp
To get information about the status of a RAID array in the system
use the command line:
.Pp
.Dl "atacontrol status ar0"
.Pp
A typical output showing good health on a RAID array might be as
follows:
.Pp
.Dl "ar0: ATA RAID1 subdisks: ad4 ad6 status: READY"
.Pp
If a disk drive in a RAID1 array dies the system will mark the disk
in a DOWN state and change the array status to DEGRADED.
This can ALSO happen in rare instances due to a power fluctuation or
other event causing the system to not shutdown properly.
In that case the output will look like the following:
.Pp
.Dl "ar0: ATA RAID1 subdisks: ad4 DOWN status: DEGRADED"
.Pp
For a mirrored RAID1 system the server WILL ALLOW you to remove a
dead SATA disk drive (if the drive is in a hot-swap tray) without
freezing up the system, so you can remove the disk and while you are
obtaining a replacement the server can run from the active disk.
The only caveat is that if the active disk is ad6, the system most
likely will NOT be able to be rebooted since most systems only
support booting from the first disk drive.
.Pp
To deactivate the DOWN disk ad6 to allow for it to be ejected, use
the following:
.Pp
.Dl "atacontrol detach ata3"
.Pp
then eject or remove the disk.
Note that this only works if the 2 disks in the mirror are on separate
channels (which is the standard setup for 1-U servers like the HP DL320).
When the new disk drive is obtained, make sure it is blank, then shut
the system down.
At this point, if the system has a RAID array card like a Highpoint or
Promise controller, you may then boot it into the BIOS of the card and use
the manufacturers RAID array rebuild utilities to rebuild the array.
.Pp
If the system has a pure software array and is not using a "real" ATA
RAID controller, then shut the system down, make sure that the disk
that was still working is moved to the bootable position (channel 0
or whatever the BIOS allows the system to boot from) and the blank disk
is placed in the secondary position, then boot the system into
single-user mode and issue the command:
.Pp
.Dl "atacontrol addspare ar0 ad6"
.Dl "atacontrol rebuild ar0"
.Pp
If the disk drive did NOT fail and the RAID array became unmirrored due
to a software glitch or improper shutdown, then a slightly different
process must be followed.
Begin by issuing the detach command (this shows the detach for disk ad6,
the primary master on channel 3):
.Pp
.Dl "atacontrol detach ata3"
.Pp
then reboot the system into single-user mode.
(don't just init the system, reboot it so that both disks get probed)
You will probably see TWO mirrored RAID arrays appear during the boot
messages, ar0 and ar1.
Issue the command:
.Pp
.Dl "atacontrol delete ar1"
.Dl "atacontrol addspare ar0 ad6"
.Pp
Now a status command will show the array rebuilding.
.Pp
To spin down a disk after 30 minutes run
.Pp
.Dl "atacontrol spindown ad6 1800"
.Dl "dd if=/dev/ad6 of=/dev/null count=1"
.Pp
While any IO on the disk will arm the timer, using
.Xr dd 1
on the raw device will work in all cases, as when the disk is not
opened at all.
You can check the current setting with
.Pp
.Dl "atacontrol spindown ad6"
.Pp
You should not set a spindown timeout on a disk with
.Pa /
or syslog logging on it as the disk will be worn out spinning down and
up all the time.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr ata 4
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
utility first appeared in
.Fx 4.6 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit
The
.Nm
utility was written by
.An S\(/oren Schmidt
.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org .
.Pp
This manual page was written by
.An S\(/oren Schmidt
.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org .