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.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" @(#)close.2 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd April 19, 1994
.Dt CLOSE 2
.Os BSD 4
.Sh NAME
.Nm close
.Nd delete a descriptor
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libc
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Fd #include <unistd.h>
.Ft int
.Fn close "int d"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn close
call deletes a descriptor from the per-process object
reference table.
If this is the last reference to the underlying object, the
object will be deactivated.
For example, on the last close of a file
the current
.Em seek
pointer associated with the file is lost;
on the last close of a
.Xr socket 2
associated naming information and queued data are discarded;
on the last close of a file holding an advisory lock
the lock is released (see further
.Xr flock 2 ) .
However, the semantics of System V and
.St -p1003.1-88
dictate that all
.Xr fcntl 2
advisory record locks associated with a file for a given process
are removed when
.Em any
file descriptor for that file is closed by that process.
.Pp
When a process exits,
all associated file descriptors are freed, but since there is
a limit on active descriptors per processes, the
.Fn close
function call
is useful when a large quantity of file descriptors are being handled.
.Pp
When a process forks (see
.Xr fork 2 ) ,
all descriptors for the new child process reference the same
objects as they did in the parent before the fork.
If a new process is then to be run using
.Xr execve 2 ,
the process would normally inherit these descriptors. Most
of the descriptors can be rearranged with
.Xr dup2 2
or deleted with
.Fn close
before the
.Xr execve 2
is attempted, but if some of these descriptors will still
be needed if the execve fails, it is necessary to arrange for them
to be closed if the execve succeeds.
For this reason, the call
.Dq Li fcntl(d, F_SETFD, 1)
is provided,
which arranges that a descriptor will be closed after a successful
execve; the call
.Dq Li fcntl(d, F_SETFD, 0)
restores the default,
which is to not close the descriptor.
.Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
.Pp
In the non-threaded library
.Fn close
is implemented as the
.Va close
syscall.
.Pp
In the threaded library, the
.Va close
syscall is assembled to
.Fn _thread_sys_close
and
.Fn close
is implemented as a function which locks
.Fa d
for read and write, then calls
.Fn _thread_sys_close .
Before returning,
.Fn close
unlocks
.Fa d .
.Sh RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned.
Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned and the global integer variable
.Va errno
is set to indicate the error.
.Sh ERRORS
.Fn Close
will fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EBADF
.Fa D
is not an active descriptor.
.It Bq Er EINTR
An interrupt was received.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr accept 2 ,
.Xr execve 2 ,
.Xr fcntl 2 ,
.Xr flock 2 ,
.Xr open 2 ,
.Xr pipe 2 ,
.Xr socket 2 ,
.Xr socketpair 2
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Fn close
function call is expected to conform to
.St -p1003.1-90 .
.Sh HISTORY
A
.Fn close
function call appeared in
.At v7 .
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