1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
|
<html>
<head>
<title>libsm : Resource Pools</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="index.html">Back to libsm overview</a>
<center>
<h1> libsm : Resource Pools </h1>
<br> $Id: rpool.html,v 1.4 2000/12/07 17:33:09 dmoen Exp $
</center>
<h2> Introduction </h2>
A resource pool is an object that owns a collection of objects
that can be freed all at once.
<p>
Resource pools simplify storage management.
<p>
Resource pools also speed up memory management.
For example, here are some memory allocation statistics from a
run of <tt>`sendmail -q`</tt> that delivered 3 messages:
<blockquote><pre>
18 1 82 12 87 24 7 42 2 84
3046 2 18 13 6 25 89 44 2 88
728 3 15 14 2 26 14 48 1 91
31 4 9 15 3 27 104 52 3 92
103 5 394 16 80 28 8 56 2 96
125 6 16 17 1 31 2 60 1 100
45 7 14 18 59 32 10 64 9 108
130 8 6 19 1 33 6 68 3 135
40 9 111 20 7 34 1 72 10 140
37 10 7 21 54 36 10 76
34 11 4 22 38 40 5 80
</pre></blockquote>
The second number in each pair is the size of a memory block; the first
number is the number of blocks of that size. We can see that sendmail
allocates large numbers of 2 byte blocks. These memory blocks can be
allocated and freed more quickly using resource pools, because:
<ul>
<li>
When you allocate a small block from a resource pool, the rpool
implementation carves off a chunk of a large preallocated block,
and hands you a pointer to it.
<li>
When you free a resource pool, only a small number of large
blocks need to be freed.
</ul>
<h2> Synopsis </h2>
<pre>
#include <sm/rpool.h>
typedef void (*SM_RPOOL_RFREE_T)(void *rcontext);
typedef struct sm_rpool SM_RPOOL_T;
typedef ... SM_RPOOL_ATTACH_T;
SM_RPOOL_T *
sm_rpool_new_x(
SM_RPOOL_T *parent);
void
sm_rpool_free(
SM_RPOOL_T *rpool);
void *
sm_rpool_malloc_x(
SM_RPOOL_T *rpool,
size_t size);
SM_RPOOL_ATTACH_T
sm_rpool_attach_x(
SM_RPOOL_T *rpool,
SM_RPOOL_RFREE_T rfree,
void *rcontext);
void
sm_rpool_detach(
SM_RPOOL_ATTACH_T);
void
sm_rpool_setsizes(
SM_RPOOL_T *rpool,
size_t poolsize,
size_t bigobjectsize);
</pre>
<h2> Description </h2>
<dl>
<dt>
<tt> SM_RPOOL_T *sm_rpool_new_x(SM_RPOOL_T *parent) </tt>
<dd>
Create a new resource pool object.
Raise an exception if there is insufficient heap space.
Initially, no memory is allocated for memory pools or resource lists.
<p>
If parent != NULL then the new rpool will be added as a resource
to the specified parent rpool, so that when the parent is freed,
the child is also freed. However, even if a parent is specified,
you can free the rpool at any time, and it will be automatically
disconnected from the parent.
<p>
<dt>
<tt> void *sm_rpool_malloc_x(SM_RPOOL_T *rpool, size_t size) </tt>
<dd>
Allocate a block of memory from a memory pool owned by the rpool.
Raise an exception if there is insufficient heap space.
A series of small allocation requests can be satisfied allocating
them from the same memory pool, which reduces the number of calls
to malloc.
All of the memory allocated by sm_rpool_malloc_x is freed when
the rpool is freed, and not before then.
<p>
<dt>
<tt> void sm_rpool_setsizes(SM_RPOOL_T *rpool, size_t poolsize, size_t bigobjectsize) </tt>
<dd>
Set memory pool parameters.
You can safely call this function at any time, but an especially
good time to call it is immediately after creating the rpool,
before any pooled objects have been allocated using sm_rpool_malloc_x.
<p>
<tt>poolsize</tt> is the number of bytes of pool memory
that will be available in the next pool object to be allocated.
If you happen to know the total number of bytes of memory that
you will allocate from an rpool using sm_rpool_malloc_x
(including alignment padding), then you can pass that value
as the poolsize, and only a single pool will be allocated
during the lifetime of the rpool.
<tt>poolsize</tt> is an optimization, not a hard limit:
if you allocate more than this number of bytes from the rpool,
then more than one memory pool may be allocated by the rpool
to satisfy your requests.
<p>
<tt>bigobjectsize</tt> is a value <= <tt>poolsize</tt>.
It is used when an <tt>sm_rpool_malloc_x</tt> request exceeds
the number of bytes available in the current pool.
If the request is > <tt>bigobjectsize</tt> then the request
will be satisfied by allocating a new block just for this specific
request, and the current pool is not affected.
If the request is <= <tt>bigobjectsize</tt> then the current
pool is closed and a new memory pool is allocated, from which the
request is satisfied.
Consequently, no more than <tt>bigobjectsize-1</tt> bytes will
ever be wasted at the end of a given pool.
<p>
If poolsize or bigobjectsize are 0, then suitable default values
are chosen.
<p>
<dt>
<tt> SM_RPOOL_ATTACH_T sm_rpool_attach_x(SM_RPOOL_T *rpool, SM_RPOOL_RFREE_T rfree, void *rcontext) </tt>
<dd>
Attach an object to a resource pool, along with its free function.
When the rpool is freed, the specified object will also be freed.
Raise an exception if there is insufficient heap space.
<p>
The return value is a magic cookie which, if passed to
sm_rpool_detach, disconnects the object from the resource pool,
which prevents the object's free function from being called when
the rpool is freed.
<p>
<dt>
<tt> void sm_rpool_detach(SM_RPOOL_ATTACH_T a) </tt>
<dd>
The argument is a magic cookie returned by <tt>sm_rpool_attach_t</tt>,
and refers to the object that was attached to an rpool by a specific
call to <tt>sm_rpool_attach_t</tt>.
Disconnect the object from the resource pool,
which prevents the object's free function from being called when
the rpool is freed.
<p>
<dt>
<tt> void sm_rpool_free(SM_RPOOL_T *rpool) </tt>
<dd>
Free an rpool object.
All memory allocated using sm_rpool_malloc_x
and all objects attached using sm_rpool_attach_x
are freed at this time.
If the rpool has a parent rpool, it is detached from its parent.
</dl>
</body>
</html>
|
