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.\" Copyright (C) 2004 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
.\" Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
.\"
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
.\"
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
.\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
.\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
.\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
.\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
.\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
.\"
.\" $Id: dnssec-signzone.8,v 1.23.2.1.4.6 2004/06/11 02:32:46 marka Exp $
.\"
.TH "DNSSEC-SIGNZONE" "8" "June 30, 2000" "BIND9" ""
.SH NAME
dnssec-signzone \- DNSSEC zone signing tool
.SH SYNOPSIS
.sp
\fBdnssec-signzone\fR [ \fB-a\fR ] [ \fB-c \fIclass\fB\fR ] [ \fB-d \fIdirectory\fB\fR ] [ \fB-e \fIend-time\fB\fR ] [ \fB-f \fIoutput-file\fB\fR ] [ \fB-g\fR ] [ \fB-h\fR ] [ \fB-k \fIkey\fB\fR ] [ \fB-l \fIdomain\fB\fR ] [ \fB-i \fIinterval\fB\fR ] [ \fB-n \fInthreads\fB\fR ] [ \fB-o \fIorigin\fB\fR ] [ \fB-p\fR ] [ \fB-r \fIrandomdev\fB\fR ] [ \fB-s \fIstart-time\fB\fR ] [ \fB-t\fR ] [ \fB-v \fIlevel\fB\fR ] [ \fB-z\fR ] \fBzonefile\fR [ \fBkey\fR\fI...\fR ]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.PP
\fBdnssec-signzone\fR signs a zone. It generates
NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the
zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone
(that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is
determined by the presence or absence of a
\fIkeyset\fR file for each child zone.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.TP
\fB-a\fR
Verify all generated signatures.
.TP
\fB-c \fIclass\fB\fR
Specifies the DNS class of the zone.
.TP
\fB-k \fIkey\fB\fR
Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any
key flags. This option may be specified multiple times.
.TP
\fB-l \fIdomain\fB\fR
Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets.
The domain is appended to the name of the records.
.TP
\fB-d \fIdirectory\fB\fR
Look for \fIkeyset\fR files in
\fBdirectory\fR as the directory
.TP
\fB-g\fR
Generate DS records for child zones from keyset files.
Existing DS records will be removed.
.TP
\fB-s \fIstart-time\fB\fR
Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative
time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number
in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes
14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is
indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time.
If no \fBstart-time\fR is specified, the current
time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used.
.TP
\fB-e \fIend-time\fB\fR
Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
expire. As with \fBstart-time\fR, an absolute
time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative
to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from
the start time. A time relative to the current time is
indicated with now+N. If no \fBend-time\fR is
specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default.
.TP
\fB-f \fIoutput-file\fB\fR
The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The
default is to append \fI.signed\fR to the
input file.
.TP
\fB-h\fR
Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
\fBdnssec-signzone\fR.
.TP
\fB-i \fIinterval\fB\fR
When a previously signed zone is passed as input, records
may be resigned. The \fBinterval\fR option
specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current
time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the
cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered
to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced.
The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference
between the signature end and start times. So if neither
\fBend-time\fR or \fBstart-time\fR
are specified, \fBdnssec-signzone\fR generates
signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle
interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records
are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be
replaced.
.TP
\fB-n \fIncpus\fB\fR
Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one
thread is started for each detected CPU.
.TP
\fB-o \fIorigin\fB\fR
The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file
is assumed to be the origin.
.TP
\fB-p\fR
Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster,
but less secure, than using real random data. This option
may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy
source is limited.
.TP
\fB-r \fIrandomdev\fB\fR
Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating
system does not provide a \fI/dev/random\fR
or equivalent device, the default source of randomness
is keyboard input. \fIrandomdev\fR specifies
the name of a character device or file containing random
data to be used instead of the default. The special value
\fIkeyboard\fR indicates that keyboard
input should be used.
.TP
\fB-t\fR
Print statistics at completion.
.TP
\fB-v \fIlevel\fB\fR
Sets the debugging level.
.TP
\fB-z\fR
Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign.
.TP
\fBzonefile\fR
The file containing the zone to be signed.
Sets the debugging level.
.TP
\fBkey\fR
The keys used to sign the zone. If no keys are specified, the
default all zone keys that have private key files in the
current directory.
.SH "EXAMPLE"
.PP
The following command signs the \fBexample.com\fR
zone with the DSA key generated in the \fBdnssec-keygen\fR
man page. The zone's keys must be in the zone. If there are
\fIkeyset\fR files associated with child zones,
they must be in the current directory.
\fBexample.com\fR, the following command would be
issued:
.PP
\fBdnssec-signzone -o example.com db.example.com Kexample.com.+003+26160\fR
.PP
The command would print a string of the form:
.PP
In this example, \fBdnssec-signzone\fR creates
the file \fIdb.example.com.signed\fR. This file
should be referenced in a zone statement in a
\fInamed.conf\fR file.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.PP
\fBdnssec-keygen\fR(8),
\fIBIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\fR,
\fIRFC 2535\fR.
.SH "AUTHOR"
.PP
Internet Systems Consortium
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