.\"	$KAME: setkey.8,v 1.89 2003/09/07 22:17:41 itojun Exp $
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.Dd November 20, 2000
.Dt SETKEY 8
.Os
.\"
.Sh NAME
.Nm setkey
.Nd "manually manipulate the IPsec SA/SP database"
.\"
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl v
.Fl c
.Nm
.Op Fl v
.Fl f Ar filename
.Nm
.Op Fl aPlv
.Fl D
.Nm
.Op Fl Pv
.Fl F
.Nm
.Op Fl h
.Fl x
.\"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility adds, updates, dumps, or flushes
Security Association Database (SAD) entries
as well as Security Policy Database (SPD) entries in the kernel.
.Pp
The
.Nm
utility takes a series of operations from the standard input
(if invoked with
.Fl c )
or the file named
.Ar filename
(if invoked with
.Fl f Ar filename ) .
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl D
Dump the SAD entries.
If with
.Fl P ,
the SPD entries are dumped.
.It Fl F
Flush the SAD entries.
If with
.Fl P ,
the SPD entries are flushed.
.It Fl a
The
.Nm
utility
usually does not display dead SAD entries with
.Fl D .
If with
.Fl a ,
the dead SAD entries will be displayed as well.
A dead SAD entry means that
it has been expired but remains in the system
because it is referenced by some SPD entries.
.It Fl h
Add hexadecimal dump on
.Fl x
mode.
.It Fl l
Loop forever with short output on
.Fl D .
.It Fl v
Be verbose.
The program will dump messages exchanged on
.Dv PF_KEY
socket, including messages sent from other processes to the kernel.
.It Fl x
Loop forever and dump all the messages transmitted to
.Dv PF_KEY
socket.
.Fl xx
makes each timestamps unformatted.
.El
.Ss Configuration syntax
With
.Fl c
or
.Fl f
on the command line,
.Nm
accepts the following configuration syntax.
Lines starting with hash signs
.Pq Ql #
are treated as comment lines.
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Xo
.Li add
.Op Fl 46n
.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol Ar spi
.Op Ar extensions
.Ar algorithm ...
.Li ;
.Xc
Add an SAD entry.
.Li add
can fail with multiple reasons,
including when the key length does not match the specified algorithm.
.\"
.It Xo
.Li get
.Op Fl 46n
.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol Ar spi
.Li ;
.Xc
Show an SAD entry.
.\"
.It Xo
.Li delete
.Op Fl 46n
.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol Ar spi
.Li ;
.Xc
Remove an SAD entry.
.\"
.It Xo
.Li deleteall
.Op Fl 46n
.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol
.Li ;
.Xc
Remove all SAD entries that match the specification.
.\"
.It Xo
.Li flush
.Op Ar protocol
.Li ;
.Xc
Clear all SAD entries matched by the options.
.Fl F
on the command line achieves the same functionality.
.\"
.It Xo
.Li dump
.Op Ar protocol
.Li ;
.Xc
Dumps all SAD entries matched by the options.
.Fl D
on the command line achieves the same functionality.
.\"
.It Xo
.Li spdadd
.Op Fl 46n
.Ar src_range Ar dst_range Ar upperspec Ar policy
.Li ;
.Xc
Add an SPD entry.
.\"
.It Xo
.Li spddelete
.Op Fl 46n
.Ar src_range Ar dst_range Ar upperspec Fl P Ar direction
.Li ;
.Xc
Delete an SPD entry.
.\"
.It Xo
.Li spdflush
.Li ;
.Xc
Clear all SPD entries.
.Fl FP
on the command line achieves the same functionality.
.\"
.It Xo
.Li spddump
.Li ;
.Xc
Dumps all SPD entries.
.Fl DP
on the command line achieves the same functionality.
.El
.\"
.Pp
Meta-arguments are as follows:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -compact -width indent
.It Ar src
.It Ar dst
Source/destination of the secure communication is specified as
IPv4/v6 address.
The
.Nm
utility
can resolve a FQDN into numeric addresses.
If the FQDN resolves into multiple addresses,
.Nm
will install multiple SAD/SPD entries into the kernel
by trying all possible combinations.
.Fl 4 ,
.Fl 6
and
.Fl n
restricts the address resolution of FQDN in certain ways.
.Fl 4
and
.Fl 6
restrict results into IPv4/v6 addresses only, respectively.
.Fl n
avoids FQDN resolution and requires addresses to be numeric addresses.
.\"
.Pp
.It Ar protocol
.Ar protocol
is one of following:
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li esp
ESP based on rfc2406
.It Li esp-old
ESP based on rfc1827
.It Li ah
AH based on rfc2402
.It Li ah-old
AH based on rfc1826
.It Li ipcomp
IPComp
.It Li tcp
TCP-MD5 based on rfc2385
.El
.\"
.Pp
.It Ar spi
Security Parameter Index
(SPI)
for the SAD and the SPD.
.Ar spi
must be a decimal number, or a hexadecimal number with
.Ql 0x
prefix.
SPI values between 0 and 255 are reserved for future use by IANA
and they cannot be used.
TCP-MD5 associations must use 0x1000 and therefore only have per-host
granularity at this time.
.\"
.Pp
.It Ar extensions
take some of the following:
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.\"
.It Fl m Ar mode
Specify a security protocol mode for use.
.Ar mode
is one of following:
.Li transport , tunnel
or
.Li any .
The default value is
.Li any .
.\"
.It Fl r Ar size
Specify window size of bytes for replay prevention.
.Ar size
must be decimal number in 32-bit word.
If
.Ar size
is zero or not specified, replay check does not take place.
.\"
.It Fl u Ar id
Specify the identifier of the policy entry in SPD.
See
.Ar policy .
.\"
.It Fl f Ar pad_option
defines the content of the ESP padding.
.Ar pad_option
is one of following:
.Bl -tag -width random-pad -compact
.It Li zero-pad
All of the padding are zero.
.It Li random-pad
A series of randomized values are set.
.It Li seq-pad
A series of sequential increasing numbers started from 1 are set.
.El
.\"
.It Fl f Li nocyclic-seq
Do not allow cyclic sequence number.
.\"
.It Fl lh Ar time
.It Fl ls Ar time
Specify hard/soft life time duration of the SA.
.El
.\"
.Pp
.It Ar algorithm
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Fl E Ar ealgo Ar key
Specify an encryption algorithm
.Ar ealgo
for ESP.
.It Xo
.Fl E Ar ealgo Ar key
.Fl A Ar aalgo Ar key
.Xc
Specify a encryption algorithm
.Ar ealgo ,
as well as a payload authentication algorithm
.Ar aalgo ,
for ESP.
.It Fl A Ar aalgo Ar key
Specify an authentication algorithm for AH.
.It Fl C Ar calgo Op Fl R
Specify a compression algorithm for IPComp.
If
.Fl R
is specified,
.Ar spi
field value will be used as the IPComp CPI
(compression parameter index)
on wire as is.
If
.Fl R
is not specified,
the kernel will use well-known CPI on wire, and
.Ar spi
field will be used only as an index for kernel internal usage.
.El
.Pp
.Ar key
must be double-quoted character string, or a series of hexadecimal digits
preceded by
.Ql 0x .
.Pp
Possible values for
.Ar ealgo ,
.Ar aalgo
and
.Ar calgo
are specified in separate section.
.\"
.Pp
.It Ar src_range
.It Ar dst_range
These are selections of the secure communication specified as
IPv4/v6 address or IPv4/v6 address range, and it may accompany
TCP/UDP port specification.
This takes the following form:
.Bd -literal -offset
.Ar address
.Ar address/prefixlen
.Ar address[port]
.Ar address/prefixlen[port]
.Ed
.Pp
.Ar prefixlen
and
.Ar port
must be decimal number.
The square bracket around
.Ar port
is really necessary.
They are not manpage metacharacters.
For FQDN resolution, the rules applicable to
.Ar src
and
.Ar dst
apply here as well.
.\"
.Pp
.It Ar upperspec
Upper-layer protocol to be used.
You can use one of words in
.Pa /etc/protocols
as
.Ar upperspec .
Or
.Li icmp6 ,
.Li ip4 ,
and
.Li any
can be specified.
.Li any
stands for
.Dq any protocol .
Also you can use the protocol number.
You can specify a type and/or a code of ICMPv6 when
upper-layer protocol is ICMPv6.
The specification can be placed after
.Li icmp6 .
A type is separated with a code by single comma.
A code must be specified anytime.
When a zero is specified, the kernel deals with it as a wildcard.
Note that the kernel cannot distinguish a wildcard from that a type
of ICMPv6 is zero.
For example, the following means the policy does not require IPsec
for any inbound Neighbor Solicitation:
.Pp
.Dl "spdadd ::/0 ::/0 icmp6 135,0 -P in none;"
.Pp
NOTE:
.Ar upperspec
does not work against forwarding case at this moment,
as it requires extra reassembly at forwarding node
(not implemented at this moment).
We have many protocols in
.Pa /etc/protocols ,
but protocols except of TCP, UDP and ICMP may not be suitable to use with IPsec.
You have to consider and be careful to use them.
.\"
.Pp
.It Ar policy
.Ar policy
is the one of the following three formats:
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
.It Fl P Ar direction Li discard
.It Fl P Ar direction Li none
.It Xo Fl P Ar direction Li ipsec
.Ar protocol/mode/src-dst/level Op ...
.Xc
.Ed
.Pp
You must specify the direction of its policy as
.Ar direction .
Either
.Li out
or
.Li in
are used.
.Li discard
means the packet matching indexes will be discarded.
.Li none
means that IPsec operation will not take place onto the packet.
.Li ipsec
means that IPsec operation will take place onto the packet.
The part of
.Ar protocol/mode/src-dst/level
specifies the rule how to process the packet.
Either
.Li ah ,
.Li esp
or
.Li ipcomp
is to be set as
.Ar protocol .
.Ar mode
is either
.Li transport
or
.Li tunnel .
If
.Ar mode
is
.Li tunnel ,
you must specify the end-points addresses of the SA as
.Ar src
and
.Ar dst
with
.Sq -
between these addresses which is used to specify the SA to use.
If
.Ar mode
is
.Li transport ,
both
.Ar src
and
.Ar dst
can be omitted.
.Ar level
is to be one of the following:
.Li default , use , require
or
.Li unique .
If the SA is not available in every level, the kernel will request
getting SA to the key exchange daemon.
.Li default
means the kernel consults to the system wide default against protocol you
specified, e.g.,
.Li esp_trans_deflev
sysctl variable, when the kernel processes the packet.
.Li use
means that the kernel use a SA if it is available,
otherwise the kernel keeps normal operation.
.Li require
means SA is required whenever the kernel sends a packet matched
with the policy.
.Li unique
is the same to require.
In addition, it allows the policy to bind with the unique out-bound SA.
You just specify the policy level
.Li unique ,
.Xr racoon 8
will configure the SA for the policy.
If you configure the SA by manual keying for that policy,
you can put the decimal number as the policy identifier after
.Li unique
separated by colon
.Ql :\&
like the following;
.Li unique:number .
In order to bind this policy to the SA,
.Li number
must be between 1 and 32767.
It corresponds to
.Ar extensions Fl u
of the manual SA configuration.
When you want to use SA bundle, you can define multiple rules.
For example, if an IP header was followed by AH header followed by ESP header
followed by an upper layer protocol header, the rule
would be:
.Dl esp/transport//require ah/transport//require ;
The rule order is very important.
.Pp
Note that
.Dq Li discard
and
.Dq Li none
are not in the syntax described in
.Xr ipsec_set_policy 3 .
There are little differences in the syntax.
See
.Xr ipsec_set_policy 3
for detail.
.Pp
.El
.Pp
.\"
.Sh ALGORITHMS
The following list shows the supported algorithms.
.Sy protocol
and
.Sy algorithm
are almost orthogonal.
Followings are the list of authentication algorithms that can be used as
.Ar aalgo
in
.Fl A Ar aalgo
of
.Ar protocol
parameter:
.Pp
.Bd -literal -offset indent
algorithm	keylen (bits)	comment
hmac-md5	128		ah: rfc2403
		128		ah-old: rfc2085
hmac-sha1	160		ah: rfc2404
		160		ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
keyed-md5	128		ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
		128		ah-old: rfc1828
keyed-sha1	160		ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
		160		ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
null		0 to 2048	for debugging
hmac-sha2-256	256		ah: 96bit ICV
				(draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00)
		256		ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
hmac-sha2-384	384		ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
		384		ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
hmac-sha2-512	512		ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
		512		ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
hmac-ripemd160	160		ah: 96bit ICV (RFC2857)
				ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
aes-xcbc-mac	128		ah: 96bit ICV (RFC3566)
		128		ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
tcp-md5		8 to 640	tcp: rfc2385
.Ed
.Pp
Followings are the list of encryption algorithms that can be used as
.Ar ealgo
in
.Fl E Ar ealgo
of
.Ar protocol
parameter:
.Pp
.Bd -literal -offset indent
algorithm	keylen (bits)	comment
des-cbc		64		esp-old: rfc1829, esp: rfc2405
3des-cbc	192		rfc2451
null		0 to 2048	rfc2410
blowfish-cbc	40 to 448	rfc2451
cast128-cbc	40 to 128	rfc2451
des-deriv	64		ipsec-ciph-des-derived-01
3des-deriv	192		no document
rijndael-cbc	128/192/256	rfc3602
aes-ctr		160/224/288	draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-aes-ctr-03
.Ed
.Pp
Note that the first 128 bits of a key for
.Li aes-ctr
will be used as AES key, and remaining 32 bits will be used as nonce.
.Pp
Followings are the list of compression algorithms that can be used as
.Ar calgo
in
.Fl C Ar calgo
of
.Ar protocol
parameter:
.Pp
.Bd -literal -offset indent
algorithm	comment
deflate		rfc2394
.Ed
.\"
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
.Ex -std
.\"
.Sh EXAMPLES
.Bd -literal -offset
add 3ffe:501:4819::1 3ffe:501:481d::1 esp 123457
	-E des-cbc 0x3ffe05014819ffff ;

add -6 myhost.example.com yourhost.example.com ah 123456
	-A hmac-sha1 "AH SA configuration!" ;

add 10.0.11.41 10.0.11.33 esp 0x10001
	-E des-cbc 0x3ffe05014819ffff
	-A hmac-md5 "authentication!!" ;

get 3ffe:501:4819::1 3ffe:501:481d::1 ah 123456 ;

flush ;

dump esp ;

spdadd 10.0.11.41/32[21] 10.0.11.33/32[any] any
	-P out ipsec esp/tunnel/192.168.0.1-192.168.1.2/require ;

add 10.1.10.34 10.1.10.36 tcp 0x1000 -A tcp-md5 "TCP-MD5 BGP secret" ;

.Ed
.\"
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr ipsec_set_policy 3 ,
.Xr racoon 8 ,
.Xr sysctl 8
.Rs
.%T "Changed manual key configuration for IPsec"
.%O "http://www.kame.net/newsletter/19991007/"
.%D "October 1999"
.Re
.\"
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
utility first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit.
The utility was completely re-designed in June 1998.
.\"
.Sh BUGS
The
.Nm
utility
should report and handle syntax errors better.
.Pp
For IPsec gateway configuration,
.Ar src_range
and
.Ar dst_range
with TCP/UDP port number do not work, as the gateway does not reassemble
packets
(cannot inspect upper-layer headers).