/*- * @(#)READ_ME 8.32 (Berkeley) 7/6/97 */ SENDMAIL RELEASE 8 This directory has the latest sendmail software from Berkeley. See doc/changes/changes.me for a summary of changes since 5.67. Report any bugs to sendmail-bugs@sendmail.ORG There is a web site at http://WWW.Sendmail.ORG -- see that site for the latest updates. ****************************************************************** ** DO NOT USE MAKE to compile sendmail. Instead, cd src and ** ** use the "makesendmail" shell script. On many environments ** ** this will do everything for you, no fuss, no muss. See ** ** src/READ_ME for more details of compilation. See cf/README ** ** for details about building a runtime configuration file. ** ****************************************************************** +--------------+ | MANUAL PAGES | +--------------+ The sendmail manual pages use contemporary Berkeley troff macros. If your system does not process these manual pages, you can pick up the new macros in a BSD Net/2 FTP site (e.g. on FTP.UU.NET, the files /systems/unix/bsd-sources/share/tmac/me/strip.sed and /systems/unix/bsd-sources/share/tmac/*). The strip.sed file is only used in installation. After installation, edit tmac.doc and tmac.andoc to reflect the installation path of the tmac files. Those files contain pointers to /usr/share/tmac/, and those pointers are not changed by the `make install` process. There's also a bug in those files -- make the following patch: *** tmac.an~ Tue Jul 12 14:29:09 1994 --- tmac.an Fri Jul 15 13:17:54 1994 *************** *** 50,55 **** .de TH .rn TH xX .so /usr/share/lib/tmac/tmac.an.old ! .TH \\$1 \\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 \\$8 .rm xX .. --- 50,55 ---- .de TH .rn TH xX .so /usr/share/lib/tmac/tmac.an.old ! .TH "\\$1" "\\$2" "\\$3" "\\$4" "\\$5" "\\$6" "\\$7" "\\$8" .rm xX .. Rename the existing tmac.an to be tmac.an.old, and rename tmac.andoc to be tmac.an. tmac.an will choose between tmac.an.old, your old macros, or tmac.doc, which are the new macros, so that both the new man pages and the existing man pages will be translated properly. I'm also told that the groff distribution from MIT has a tmac.doc macro set that is compatible with these macros. +-----------------------+ | RELATED DOCUMENTATION | +-----------------------+ There are other files you should read. Rooted in this directory are: CHANGES-R5-R8 Describes changes between Release 5 and Release 8 of sendmail. There are some things that may behave somewhat differently. For example, the rules governing when :include: files will be read have been tightened up for security reasons. FAQ Answers to Frequently Asked Questions. KNOWNBUGS Known bugs in the current release. I try to keep this up to date -- get the latest version from FTP.CS.Berkeley.EDU in /ucb/sendmail/KNOWNBUGS. RELEASE_NOTES A detailed description of the changes in each version. This is quite long, but informative. src/READ_ME Details on compiling and installing sendmail. cf/README Details on configuring sendmail. doc/op/op.me The sendmail Installation & Operations Guide. Be warned: if you are running this off on SunOS or some other system with an old version of -me, you need to add the following macro to the macros: .de sm \s-1\\$1\\s0\\$2 .. This sets a word in a smaller pointsize. +--------------+ | RELATED RFCS | +--------------+ There are several related RFCs that you may wish to read -- they are available via anonymous FTP to several sites, including nic.ddn.mil (directory rfc), ftp.nisc.sri.com (rfc), nis.nsf.net (RFC), nisc.jvnc.net (rfc), venera.isi.edu (in-notes), and wuarchive.wustl.edu (info/rfc). They can also be retrieved via electronic mail by sending email to one of: mail-server@nisc.sri.com Put "send rfcNNN" in message body nis-info@nis.nsf.net Put "send RFCnnn.TXT-1" in message body sendrfc@jvnc.net Put "RFCnnn" as Subject: line Important RFCs for electronic mail are: RFC821 SMTP protocol RFC822 Mail header format RFC974 MX routing RFC976 UUCP mail format RFC1123 Host requirements (modifies 821, 822, and 974) RFC1413 Identification server RFC1869 SMTP Service Extensions (ESMTP spec) RFC1652 SMTP Service Extension for 8bit-MIMEtransport RFC1870 SMTP Service Extension for Message Size Declaration RFC1521 MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions RFC1344 Implications of MIME for Internet Mail Gateways RFC1428 Transition of Internet Mail from Just-Send-8 to 8-bit SMTP/MIME RFC1891 SMTP Service Extension for Delivery Status Notifications RFC1892 Multipart/Report Content Type for the Reporting of Mail System Administrative Messages RFC1893 Enhanced Mail System Status Codes RFC1894 An Extensible Message Format for Delivery Status Notifications RFC1985 SMTP Service Extension for Remote Message Queue Starting Other standards that may be of interest (but which are less directly relevant to sendmail) are: RFC987 Mapping between RFC822 and X.400 RFC1049 Content-Type header field (extension to RFC822) Warning to AIX users: this version of sendmail does not implement MB, MR, or MG DNS resource records, as defined (as experiments) in RFC1035. +-------------------+ | DATABASE ROUTINES | +-------------------+ IF YOU WANT TO RUN THE NEW BERKELEY DB SOFTWARE: **** DO NOT **** use the version that was on the Net2 tape -- it has a number of nefarious bugs that were bad enough when I got them; you shouldn't have to go through the same thing. Instead, get a new version via the web at http://www.sleepycat.com/packages/db.1.85.tar.gz. This software is highly recommended; it gets rid of several stupid limits, it's much faster, and the interface is nicer to animals and plants. You will also probably find that you have to add -I/where/you/put/db/include to the sendmail makefile to get db.h to work properly. Be sure you remove ndbm.h and ndbm.o from the db distribution. These will cause problems with sendmail because sendmail already understands about NEWDB and NDBM coexisting. +--------------------+ | HOST NAME SERVICES | +--------------------+ If you are using NIS or /etc/hosts, it is critical that you list the long (fully qualified) name somewhere (preferably first) in the /etc/hosts file used to build the NIS database. For example, the line should read 128.32.149.68 mastodon.CS.Berkeley.EDU mastodon **** NOT **** 128.32.149.68 mastodon If you do not include the long name, sendmail will complain loudly about ``unable to qualify my own domain name (mastodon) -- using short name'' and conclude that your canonical name is the short version and use that in messages. The name "mastodon" doesn't mean much outside of Berkeley, and so this creates incorrect and unreplyable messages. +-------------+ | USE WITH MH | +-------------+ This version of sendmail notices and reports certain kinds of SMTP protocol violations that were ignored by older versions. If you are running MH you may wish to install the patch in contrib/mh.patch that will prevent these warning reports. This patch also works with the old version of sendmail, so it's safe to go ahead and install it. +----------------+ | USE WITH IDENT | +----------------+ Sendmail 8 supports the IDENT protocol, as defined by RFC 1413. No ident server is included with this distribution. I have found copies available on: ftp.lysator.liu.se /pub/ident/servers romulus.ucs.uoknor.edu /networking/ident/servers ftp.cyf-kr.edu.pl /agh/uciagh/network/ident If you want to run an IDENT server, I suggest getting a copy from one of those sites. Versions are available for several different systems, including Apollo, BSD, NeXT, AIX, TOPS20, and VMS. +-----------+ | MAKEFILES | +-----------+ The Makefiles in this release use the new Berkeley "make" that is available in BSD Net/2 and 4.4BSD. If you are using this version of make, you may notice one or two places where the Makefile includes "../../Makefile.inc". This file is not included with the sendmail distribution because it's not part of sendmail. However, it is, in toto: # @(#)Makefile.inc 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 BINDIR?= /usr/sbin The other directories should all have Makefile.dist files that work on the old make, albeit without all the niceties included. You can also get a new Berkeley make from the Net2 release (available on many public FTP archives). This version should also interpret old Makefiles, so you could drop it in as your default make. For more details, see src/READ_ME. +-----------------------+ | DIRECTORY PERMISSIONS | +-----------------------+ Sendmail often gets blamed for many problems that are actually the result of other problems, such as overly permissive modes on directories. For this reason, sendmail checks the modes on system directories and files to determine if they have been trusted. For sendmail to run without complaining, you MUST execute the following command: chmod go-w / /etc /usr /var /var/spool /var/spool/mqueue You will probably have to tweak this for your environment (for example, some systems put the spool directory into /usr/spool instead of /var/spool). As a general rule, after you have compiled sendmail, run the command sendmail -v -bi to initialize the alias database. If it gives messages such as WARNING: writable directory /etc WARNING: writable directory /usr/spool/mqueue then the directories listed have inappropriate write permissions and should be secured to avoid various possible security attacks. +---------------------+ | DIRECTORY STRUCTURE | +---------------------+ The structure of this directory tree is: cf Source for Berkeley configuration files. These are different than what you've seen before. They are a fairly dramatic rewrite, requiring the new sendmail (since they use new features). contrib Some contributed tools to help with sendmail. THESE ARE NOT SUPPORTED by Berkeley -- contact the original authors if you have problems. (This directory is not on the 4.4BSD tape.) doc Documentation. If you are getting source, read op.me -- it's long, but worth it. mail.local The source for the local delivery agent used for 4.4BSD. THIS IS NOT PART OF SENDMAIL! and may not compile everywhere, since it depends on some 4.4-isms. Warning: it does mailbox locking differently than other systems. mailstats Statistics printing program. It has the pathname of sendmail.st compiled in, so if you've changed that, beware. This isn't all that useful. makemap A program that creates the keyed maps used by the $( ... $) construct in sendmail. It is primitive but effective. It takes a very simple input format, so you will probably expect to preprocess must human-convenient formats using sed scripts before this program will like them. But it should be functionally complete. praliases A program to print the DBM or NEWDB version of the aliases file. rmail Source for rmail(8). This is used as a delivery agent for for UUCP, and could presumably be used by other non-socket oriented mailers. Older versions of rmail are probably deficient. RMAIL IS NOT PART OF SENDMAIL!!! The 4.4BSD source is included for you to look at or try to port to your system. I know it doesn't compile on {SunOS, HP-UX, OSF/1, other} (pick one). smrsh The "sendmail restricted shell", which can be used as a replacement for /bin/sh in the prog mailer to provide increased security control. NOT PART OF SENDMAIL! src Source for the sendmail program itself. test Some test scripts (currently only for compilation aids).