.\" Copyright (c) 1997 .\" Jordan Hubbard . All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY Jordan Hubbard AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL Jordan Hubbard OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" $Id: sysinstall.8,v 1.16 1999/02/18 23:59:58 jkh Exp $ .\" .Dd August 9, 1997 .Dt SYSINSTALL 8 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm sysinstall .Nd system installation and configuration tool .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Ar var=value .Op Ar function .Op Ar ... .Sh DESCRIPTION .Nm is a utility for installing and configuring FreeBSD systems. It is the first utility invoked by the FreeBSD installation boot floppy and is also copied into .Pa /stand/sysinstall on newly installed FreeBSD systems for use in later configuring the system. .Pp The .Nm program is generally invoked without arguments for the default behavior, where the main installation/configuration menu is presented. On those occasions where it is deemed necessary to invoke a subsystem of sysinstall directly, however, it is also possible to do so by naming the appropriate function entry points on the command line. Since this action is essentially identical to running an installation script, each command-line argument corresponding to a line of script, the reader is encouraged to read the section on scripting for more information on this feature. .Pp .Sh NOTES .Nm is essentially nothing more than a monolithic C program with the ability to write MBRs and disk labels (through the services of the .Xr libdisk 3 library) and install distributions or packages onto new and existing FreeBSD systems. It also contains some extra intelligence for running as a replacement for .Xr init 8 when it's invoked by the FreeBSD installation boot procedure. It assumes very little in the way of additional utility support and performs most file system operations by calling the relevant syscalls (such as .Xr mount 2 ) directly. .Pp .Nm currently uses the .Xr libdialog 3 library to do user interaction with simple ANSI line graphics, color support for which is enabled by either running on a syscons VTY or some other color-capable terminal emulator (newer versions of xterm will support color when using the ``xterm-color'' termcap entry). .Pp This product is currently at the end of its life cycle and will be replaced in FreeBSD 3.1 (hopefully) by the .Xr setup 1 utility. .Sh RUNNING SCRIPTS .Nm may be either driven interactively through its various internal menus or run in batch mode, driven by an external script. Such a script may be loaded and executed in one of 3 ways: .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact .It Sy "LOAD_CONFIG_FILE" If .Nm is compiled with LOAD_CONFIG_FILE set in the environment (or in the Makefile) to some value, then that value will be used as the filename to automatically look for and load when .Nm starts up and with no user interaction required. This option is aimed primarily at large sites who wish to create a single prototype install for multiple machines with largely identical configurations and/or installation options. .It Sy "MAIN MENU" If .Nm is run interactively, that is to say in the default manner, it will bring up a main menu which contains a "load config file" option. Selecting this option will prompt for the name of a script file which it then will attempt to load from a DOS or UFS formatted floppy. .It Sy "COMMAND LINE" Each command line argument is treated as a script directive when .Nm is run in multi-user mode. Execution ends either by explicit request (e.g. calling the .Ar shutdown directive), upon reaching the end of the argument list or on error. .Pp For example: .nf /stand/sysinstall _ftpPath=ftp:/ziggy/pub/ mediaSetFTP configPackages .fi Would initialize .Nm for FTP installation media (using the server `ziggy') and then bring up the package installation editor, exiting when finished. .El .Pp .Sh SCRIPT SYNTAX A script is a list of one or more directives, each directive taking the form of: .Ar var=value .Pp .Ar function .Pp or .Ar #somecomment Where .Ar var=value is the assignment of some internal .Nm variable, e.g. "ftpPass=FuNkYChiKn", and .Ar function is the name of an internal .Nm function, e.g. "mediaSetFTP", and .Ar #comment is a single-line comment for documentation purposes (ignored by sysinstall). Each directive must be by itself on a single line, functions taking their arguments by examining known variable names. This requires that you be sure to assign the relevant variables before calling a function which requires them. When and where a function depends on the settings of one or more variables will be noted in the following table: .Pp \fBFunction Glossary:\fR .Pp .Bl -tag -width indent .It configAnonFTP Invoke the Anonymous FTP configuration menu. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It configRouter Select which routing daemon you wish to use, potentially loading any required 3rd-party routing daemons as necessary. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR .Bl -tag -width indent .It router can be set to the name of the desired routing daemon, e.g. ``routed'' or ``gated'', otherwise it is prompted for. .El .It configNFSServer Configure host as an NFS server. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It configNTP Configure host as a user of the Network Time Protocol. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR .Bl -tag -width indent .It ntpdate_flags The flags to .Xr ntpdate 8 , that is to say the name of the server to sync from. .El .It configPCNFSD Configure host to support PC NFS. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR .Bl -tag -width indent .It pcnfsd_pkg The name of the PCNFSD package to load if necessary (defaults to hard coded version). .El .It configPackages Bring up the interactive package management menu. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It configUsers Add users and/or groups to the system. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It configXEnvironment Configure the X display subsystem. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It diskPartitionEditor Invokes the disk partition (MBR) editor. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR .Bl -tag -width findx .It geometry The disk geometry, as a cyls/heads/sectors formatted string. Default: no change to geometry. .It partition Set to disk partitioning type or size, its value being .Ar free in order to use only remaining free space for FreeBSD, .Ar all to use the entire disk for FreeBSD but maintain a proper partition table, .Ar existing to use an existing FreeBSD partition (first found), .Ar exclusive to use the disk in ``dangerously dedicated'' mode or, finally, .Ar somenumber to allocate .Ar somenumber blocks of available free space to a new FreeBSD partition. Default: Interactive mode. .It bootManager is set to one of .Ar boot to signify the installation of a boot manager, .Ar standard to signify installation of a "standard" non-boot MGR DOS MBR or .Ar none to indicate that no change to the boot manager is desired. Default: none. .El .Pp Note: Nothing is actually written to disk by this function, a explicit call to .Ar diskPartitionWrite being required for that to happen. .It diskPartitionWrite Causes any pending MBR changes (typically from the .Ar diskPartitionEditor function) to be written out. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It diskLabelEditor Invokes the disk label editor. This is a bit trickier from a script since you need to essentially label everything inside each FreeBSD (type 0xA5) partition created by the .Ar diskPartitionEditor function, and that requires knowing a few rules about how things are laid out. When creating a script to automatically allocate disk space and partition it up, it is suggested that you first perform the installation interactively at least once and take careful notes as to what the slice names will be, then and only then hardwiring them into the script. .Pp For example, let's say you have a SCSI disk on which you've created a new FreeBSD partition in slice 2 (your DOS partition residing in slice 1). The slice name would be .Ar da0s2 for the whole FreeBSD partition ( .Ar da0s1 being your DOS primary partition). Now let's further assume that you have 500MB in this partition and you want to sub-partition that space into root, swap, var and usr file systems for FreeBSD. Your invocation of the .Ar diskLabelEditor function might involve setting the following variables: .Bl -tag -width findx .It Li "da0s2-1=ufs 40960 /" A 20MB root file system (all sizes are in 512 byte blocks). .It Li "da0s2-2=swap 131072 /" A 64MB swap partition. .It Li "da0s2-3=ufs 204800 /var" A 100MB /var file system. .It Li "da0s2-4=ufs 0 /usr" With the balance of free space (around 316MB) going to the /usr file system. .El One can also use the .Ar diskLabelEditor for mounting or erasing existing partitions as well as creating new ones. Using the previous example again, let's say that we also wanted to mount our DOS partition and make sure that an .Pa /etc/fstab entry is created for it in the new installation. Before calling the .Ar diskLabelEditor function, we simply add an additional line: .nf da0s1=/dos_c N .fi before the call. This tells the label editor that you want to mount the first slice on .Pa /dos_c and not to attempt to newfs it (not that .Nm would attempt this for a DOS partition in any case, but it could just as easily be an existing UFS partition being named here and the 2nd field is non-optional). .Pp Note: No file system data is actually written to disk until an explicit call to .Ar diskLabelCommit is made. .It diskLabelCommit Writes out all pending disklabel information and creates and/or mounts any file systems which have requests pending from the .Ar diskLabelEditor function. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It distReset Resets all selected distributions to the empty set (no distributions selected). .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It distSetCustom Allows the selection of a custom distribution set (e.g. not just on of the existing "canned" sets) with no user interaction. \fBVariables:\fR .Bl -tag -width indent .It dists List of distributions to load. Possible distribution values are: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Li bin The base binary distribution. .It Li doc Miscellaneous documentation .It Li games Games .It Li manpages Manual pages (unformatted) .It Li catpages Pre-formatted manual pages .It Li proflibs Profiled libraries for developers. .It Li dict Dictionary information (for tools like spell). .It Li info GNU info files and other extra docs. .It Li des DES encryption binaries and libraries. .It Li compat1x Compatibility with FreeBSD 1.x .It Li compat20 Compatibility with FreeBSD 2.0 .It Li compat21 Compatibility with FreeBSD 2.1 .It Li ports The ports collection. .It Li krb Kerberos binaries. .It Li ssecure /usr/src/secure .It Li sebones /usr/src/eBones .It Li sbase /usr/src/[top level files] .It Li scontrib /usr/src/contrib .It Li sgnu /usr/src/gnu .It Li setc /usr/src/etc .It Li sgames /usr/src/games .It Li sinclude /usr/src/include .It Li slib /usr/src/lib .It Li slibexec /usr/src/libexec .It Li srelease /usr/src/release .It Li sbin /usr/src/bin .It Li ssbin /usr/src/sbin .It Li sshare /usr/src/share .It Li ssys /usr/src/sys .It Li subin /usr/src/usr.bin .It Li susbin /usr/src/usr.sbin .It Li ssmailcf /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf .It Li XF86-xc XFree86 official sources. .It Li XF86-co XFree86 contributed sources. .It Li Xbin XFree86 3.3.3.1 binaries. .It Li Xcfg XFree86 3.3.3.1 configuration files. .It Li Xdoc XFree86 3.3.3.1 documentation. .It Li Xhtml XFree86 3.3.3.1 HTML documentation. .It Li Xlib XFree86 3.3.3.1 libraries. .It Li Xlk98 XFree86 3.3.3.1 server link-kit for PC98 machines. .It Li Xlkit XFree86 3.3.3.1 server link-kit for standard machines. .It Li Xman XFree86 3.3.3.1 manual pages. .It Li Xprog XFree86 3.3.3.1 programmer's distribution. .It Li Xps XFree86 3.3.3.1 postscript documentation. .It Li Xset XFree86 3.3.3.1 graphical setup tool. .It Li X8514 XFree86 3.3.3.1 8514 server. .It Li X9480 XFree86 3.3.3.1 PC98 8-bit (256 color) PEGC-480 server. .It Li X9EGC XFree86 3.3.3.1 PC98 4-bit (16 color) EGC server. .It Li X9GA9 XFree86 3.3.3.1 PC98 GA-968V4/PCI (S3 968) server. .It Li X9GAN XFree86 3.3.3.1 PC98 GANB-WAP (cirrus) server. .It Li X9LPW XFree86 3.3.3.1 PC98 PowerWindowLB (S3) server. .It Li X9NKV XFree86 3.3.3.1 PC98 NKV-NEC (cirrus) server. .It Li X9NS3 XFree86 3.3.3.1 PC98 NEC (S3) server. .It Li X9SPW XFree86 3.3.3.1 PC98 SKB-PowerWindow (S3) server. .It Li X9TGU XFree86 3.3.3.1 PC98 Cyber9320 and TGUI9680 server. .It Li X9WEP XFree86 3.3.3.1 PC98 WAB-EP (cirrus) server. .It Li X9WS XFree86 3.3.3.1 PC98 WABS (cirrus) server. .It Li X9WSN XFree86 3.3.3.1 PC98 WSN-A2F (cirrus) server. .It Li XAGX XFree86 3.3.3.1 8 bit AGX server. .It Li XI128 XFree86 3.3.3.1 #9 Imagine I128 server. .It Li XMa8 XFree86 3.3.3.1 ATI Mach8 server. .It Li XMa32 XFree86 3.3.3.1 ATI Mach32 server. .It Li XMa64 XFree86 3.3.3.1 ATI Mach64 server. .It Li XMono XFree86 3.3.3.1 monochrome server. .It Li XP9K XFree86 3.3.3.1 P9000 server. .It Li XS3 XFree86 3.3.3.1 S3 server. .It Li XS3V XFree86 3.3.3.1 S3 Virge server. .It Li XSVGA XFree86 3.3.3.1 SVGA server. .It Li XVG16 XFree86 3.3.3.1 VGA16 server. .It Li XW32 XFree86 3.3.3.1 ET4000/W32, /W32i and /W32p server. .It Li Xnest XFree86 3.3.3.1 nested X server. .It Li Xvfb XFree86 3.3.3.1 virtual frame-buffer X server. .It Li Xfnts XFree86 3.3.3.1 base font set. .It Li Xf100 XFree86 3.3.3.1 100DPI font set. .It Li Xfcyr XFree86 3.3.3.1 Cyrillic font set. .It Li Xfscl XFree86 3.3.3.1 scalable font set. .It Li Xfnon XFree86 3.3.3.1 non-english font set. .It Li Xfsrv XFree86 3.3.3.1 font server. .El .It distSetDeveloper Selects the standard Developer's distribution set. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It distSetXDeveloper Selects the standard X Developer's distribution set. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It distSetKernDeveloper Selects the standard kernel Developer's distribution set. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It distSetUser Selects the standard user distribution set. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It distSetXUser Selects the standard X user's distribution set. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It distSetMinimum Selects the very minimum distribution set. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It distSetEverything Selects the full whack - all available distributions. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It distSetDES Interactively select DES subcomponents. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It distSetSrc Interactively select source subcomponents. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It distSetXF86 Interactively select XFree86 3.3.3.1 subcomponents. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It distExtractAll Install all currently selected distributions (requires that media device also be selected). .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It docBrowser Install (if necessary) an HTML documentation browser and go to the HTML documentation submenu. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR .Bl -tag -width indent .It browserPackage The name of the browser package to try and install as necessary. Defaults to latest lynx package. .It browserBinary The name of the browser binary itself (if overriding the .Ar browserPackage variable). Defaults to lynx. .El .It installCommit .Pp Commit any and all pending changes to disk. This function is essentially shorthand for a number of more granular "commit" functions. \fBVariables:\fR None .It installExpress Start an "express" installation, asking few questions of the user. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It installNovice Start a "novice" installation, the most user-friendly installation type available. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It installUpgrade Start an upgrade installation. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It installFixitHoloShell Start up the "emergency holographic shell" over on VTY4 if running as init. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It installFixitCDROM Go into "fixit" mode, assuming a live file system CDROM currently in the drive. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It installFixitFloppy Go into "fixit" mode, assuming an available fixit floppy disk (user will be prompted for it). .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It installFilesystems Do just the file system initialization part of an install. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It installVarDefaults Initialize all variables to their defaults, overriding any previous settings. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It loadConfig Sort of like an #include statement, it allows you to load one configuration file from another. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR .Bl -tag -width indent .It file The fully pathname of the file to load. .El .It mediaSetCDROM Select a FreeBSD CDROM as the installation media. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It mediaSetFloppy Select a pre-made floppy installation set as the installation media. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It mediaSetDOS Select an existing DOS primary partition as the installation media. The first primary partition found is used (e.g. C:). .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It mediaSetTape Select a tape device as the installation media. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It mediaSetFTP Select an FTP site as the installation media. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR .Bl -tag -width indent .It hostname The name of the host being installed (non-optional). .It domainname The domain name of the host being installed (optional). .It defaultrouter The default router for this host (non-optional). .It netDev Which host interface to use ( .Ar ed0 or .Ar ep0 , for example. Non-optional). .It netInteractive If set, bring up the interactive network setup form even if all relevant configuration variables are already set (optional). .It ipaddr The IP address for the selected host interface (non-optional). .It netmask The netmask for the selected host interface (non-optional). .It _ftpPath The fully qualified URL of the FTP site containing the FreeBSD distribution you're interested in, e.g. .Ar ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ . .El .It mediaSetFTPActive Alias for .Ar mediaSetFTP using "active" FTP transfer mode. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR Same as for .Ar mediaSetFTP . .It mediaSetFTPPassive Alias for .Ar mediaSetFTP using "passive" FTP transfer mode. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR Same as for .Ar mediaSetFTP . .It mediaSetUFS Select an existing UFS partition (mounted with the label editor) as the installation media. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR .Bl -tag -width indent .It ufs full /path to directory containing the FreeBSD distribution you're interested in. .El .It mediaSetNFS .Pp \fBVariables:\fR .Bl -tag -width indent .It hostname The name of the host being installed (non-optional). .It domainname The domain name of the host being installed (optional). .It defaultrouter The default router for this host (non-optional). .It netDev Which host interface to use ( .Ar ed0 or .Ar ep0 , for example. Non-optional). .It netInteractive If set, bring up the interactive network setup form even if all relevant configuration variables are already set (optional). .It ipaddr The IP address for the selected host interface (non-optional). .It netmask The netmask for the selected host interface (non-optional). .It nfs full hostname:/path specification for directory containing the FreeBSD distribution you're interested in. .El .It mediaSetFTPUserPass .Pp \fBVariables:\fR .Bl -tag -width indent .It ftpUser The username to log in as on the ftp server site. Default: ftp .It ftpPass The password to use for this username on the ftp server site. Default: user@host .El .It mediaSetCPIOVerbosity .Pp \fBVariables:\fR .Bl -tag -width indent .It cpioVerbose Can be used to set the verbosity of cpio extractions to low, medium or high. .El .It mediaGetType Interactively get the user to specify some type of media. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It optionsEditor Invoke the interactive options editor. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It packageAdd Try to fetch and add a package to the system (requires that a media type be set), .Pp \fBVariables:\fR .Bl -tag -width indent .It package The name of the package to add, e.g. bash-1.14.7 or ncftp-2.4.2. .El .It addGroup Invoke the interactive group editor. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It addUser Invoke the interactive user editor. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It shutdown Stop the script and terminate sysinstall. .Pp \fBVariables:\fR None .It system Execute an arbitrary command with .Xr system 3 .Pp \fBVariables:\fR .Bl -tag -width indent .It command The name of the command to execute. When running from a boot floppy, very minimal expectations should be made as to what's available until/unless a relatively full system installation has just been done. .El .El .Sh FILES This utility may edit the contents of .Pa /etc/rc.conf , .Pa /etc/hosts , and .Pa /etc/resolv.conf as necessary to reflect changes in the network configuration. .Sh SEE ALSO If you have a reasonably complete source tree online, take a look at .Pa /usr/src/release/sysinstall/install.cfg for a sample installation script. .Sh BUGS This utility is a prototype which lasted approximately 3 years past its expiration date and is greatly in need of death. .Sh AUTHOR Jordan K. Hubbard .Sh HISTORY This version of .Nm first appeared in .Fx 2.0 .