/* * mtrace.c * * This tool traces the branch of a multicast tree from a source to a * receiver for a particular multicast group and gives statistics * about packet rate and loss for each hop along the path. It can * usually be invoked just as * * mtrace source * * to trace the route from that source to the local host for a default * group when only the route is desired and not group-specific packet * counts. See the usage line for more complex forms. * * * Released 4 Apr 1995. This program was adapted by Steve Casner * (USC/ISI) from a prototype written by Ajit Thyagarajan (UDel and * Xerox PARC). It attempts to parallel in command syntax and output * format the unicast traceroute program written by Van Jacobson (LBL) * for the parts where that makes sense. * * Copyright (c) 1995 by the University of Southern California * All rights reserved. * * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its * documentation in source and binary forms for any purposes and without * fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice * appear in all copies and that both the copyright notice and this * permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that any * documentation, advertising materials, and other materials related to * such distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed * by the University of Southern California, Information Sciences * Institute. The name of the University may not be used to endorse or * promote products derived from this software without specific prior * written permission. * * THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA makes no representations about * the suitability of this software for any purpose. THIS SOFTWARE IS * PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, * INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. * * Other copyrights might apply to parts of this software and are so * noted when applicable. * * Parts of this software are derived from mrouted, which has the * following license: * * The mrouted program is covered by the following license. Use of the * mrouted program represents acceptance of these terms and conditions. * * 1. STANFORD grants to LICENSEE a nonexclusive and nontransferable * license to use, copy and modify the computer software ``mrouted'' * (hereinafter called the ``Program''), upon the terms and conditions * hereinafter set out and until Licensee discontinues use of the Licensed * Program. * * 2. LICENSEE acknowledges that the Program is a research tool still in * the development state, that it is being supplied ``as is,'' without any * accompanying services from STANFORD, and that this license is entered * into in order to encourage scientific collaboration aimed at further * development and application of the Program. * * 3. LICENSEE may copy the Program and may sublicense others to use * object code copies of the Program or any derivative version of the * Program. All copies must contain all copyright and other proprietary * notices found in the Program as provided by STANFORD. Title to * copyright to the Program remains with STANFORD. * * 4. LICENSEE may create derivative versions of the Program. LICENSEE * hereby grants STANFORD a royalty-free license to use, copy, modify, * distribute and sublicense any such derivative works. At the time * LICENSEE provides a copy of a derivative version of the Program to a * third party, LICENSEE shall provide STANFORD with one copy of the * source code of the derivative version at no charge to STANFORD. * * 5. STANFORD MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR * IMPLIED. By way of example, but not limitation, STANFORD MAKES NO * REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY * PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE LICENSED PROGRAM WILL NOT * INFRINGE ANY PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS OR OTHER RIGHTS. STANFORD * shall not be held liable for any liability nor for any direct, indirect * or consequential damages with respect to any claim by LICENSEE or any * third party on account of or arising from this Agreement or use of the * Program. * * 6. This agreement shall be construed, interpreted and applied in * accordance with the State of California and any legal action arising * out of this Agreement or use of the Program shall be filed in a court * in the State of California. * * 7. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as conferring rights to * use in advertising, publicity or otherwise any trademark or the name * of ``Stanford''. * * The mrouted program is COPYRIGHT 1989 by The Board of Trustees of * Leland Stanford Junior University. * * * The mtrace program has been modified and improved by Xerox * Corporation. Xerox grants to LICENSEE a non-exclusive and * non-transferable license to use, copy, and modify the Xerox modified * and improved mrouted software on the same terms and conditions which * govern the license Stanford and ISI grant with respect to the mtrace * program. These terms and conditions are incorporated in this grant * by reference and shall be deemed to have been accepted by LICENSEE * to cover its relationship with Xerox Corporation with respect to any * use of the Xerox improved program. * * The mtrace program is COPYRIGHT 1998 by Xerox Corporation. * */ #ifndef lint static const char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD$"; #endif #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef SYSV #include #endif #include #ifdef __STDC__ #include #else #include #endif #ifdef SUNOS5 #include #endif typedef unsigned int u_int32; /* XXX */ #include "mtrace.h" #define DEFAULT_TIMEOUT 3 /* How long to wait before retrying requests */ #define DEFAULT_RETRIES 3 /* How many times to try */ #define DEFAULT_EXTRAHOPS 3 /* How many hops past a non-responding rtr */ #define MAXHOPS 60 /* Don't need more hops than this */ #define UNICAST_TTL 255 /* TTL for unicast response */ #define MULTICAST_TTL1 127 /* Default TTL for multicast query/response */ #define MULTICAST_TTL_INC 32 /* TTL increment for increase after timeout */ #define MULTICAST_TTL_MAX 192 /* Maximum TTL allowed (protect low-BW links */ #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 #define DVMRP_ASK_NEIGHBORS2 5 /* DVMRP msg requesting neighbors */ #define DVMRP_NEIGHBORS2 6 /* reply to above */ #define DVMRP_NF_DOWN 0x10 /* kernel state of interface */ #define DVMRP_NF_DISABLED 0x20 /* administratively disabled */ #define MAX_IP_PACKET_LEN 576 #define MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN 20 #define MAX_IP_HEADER_LEN 60 #define MAX_DVMRP_DATA_LEN \ ( MAX_IP_PACKET_LEN - MAX_IP_HEADER_LEN - IGMP_MINLEN ) struct resp_buf { u_long qtime; /* Time query was issued */ u_long rtime; /* Time response was received */ int len; /* Number of reports or length of data */ struct igmp igmp; /* IGMP header */ union { struct { struct tr_query q; /* Query/response header */ struct tr_resp r[MAXHOPS]; /* Per-hop reports */ } t; char d[MAX_DVMRP_DATA_LEN]; /* Neighbor data */ } u; } base, incr[2]; #define qhdr u.t.q #define resps u.t.r #define ndata u.d char *names[MAXHOPS]; /* * In mrouted 3.3 and 3.4 (and in some Cisco IOS releases), * cache entries can get deleted even if there is traffic * flowing, which will reset the per-source/group counters. */ #define BUG_RESET 0x01 /* * Also in mrouted 3.3 and 3.4, there's a bug in neighbor * version processing which can cause them to believe that * the neighbor is constantly resetting. This causes them * to constantly delete all their state. */ #define BUG_RESET2X 0x02 /* * Pre-3.7 mrouted's forget to byte-swap their reports. */ #define BUG_SWAP 0x04 /* * Pre-3.9 mrouted's forgot a parenthesis in the htonl() * on the time calculation so supply bogus times. */ #define BUG_BOGUSTIME 0x08 #define BUG_NOPRINT (BUG_RESET | BUG_RESET2X) int bugs[MAXHOPS]; /* List of bugs noticed at each hop */ struct mtrace { struct mtrace *next; struct resp_buf base, incr[2]; struct resp_buf *new, *prev; int nresp; struct timeval last; int bugs[MAXHOPS]; char *names[MAXHOPS]; int lastqid; }; int timeout = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT; int nqueries = DEFAULT_RETRIES; int numeric = FALSE; int debug = 0; int passive = FALSE; int multicast = FALSE; int unicast = FALSE; int statint = 10; int verbose = FALSE; int tunstats = FALSE; int weak = FALSE; int extrahops = DEFAULT_EXTRAHOPS; int printstats = TRUE; int sendopts = TRUE; int lossthresh = 0; int fflag = FALSE; int staticqid = 0; u_int32 defgrp; /* Default group if not specified */ u_int32 query_cast; /* All routers multicast addr */ u_int32 resp_cast; /* Mtrace response multicast addr */ u_int32 lcl_addr = 0; /* This host address, in NET order */ u_int32 dst_netmask = 0; /* netmask to go with qdst */ /* * Query/response parameters, all initialized to zero and set later * to default values or from options. */ u_int32 qsrc = 0; /* Source address in the query */ u_int32 qgrp = 0; /* Group address in the query */ u_int32 qdst = 0; /* Destination (receiver) address in query */ u_char qno = 0; /* Max number of hops to query */ u_int32 raddr = 0; /* Address where response should be sent */ int qttl = 0; /* TTL for the query packet */ u_char rttl = 0; /* TTL for the response packet */ u_int32 gwy = 0; /* User-supplied last-hop router address */ u_int32 tdst = 0; /* Address where trace is sent (last-hop) */ char s1[19]; /* buffers to hold the string representations */ char s2[19]; /* of IP addresses, to be passed to inet_fmt() */ char s3[19]; /* or inet_fmts(). */ #if !(defined(BSD) && (BSD >= 199103)) extern int errno; extern int sys_nerr; extern char * sys_errlist[]; #endif #define RECV_BUF_SIZE 8192 char *send_buf, *recv_buf; int igmp_socket; u_int32 allrtrs_group; char router_alert[4]; /* Router Alert IP Option */ #ifndef IPOPT_RA #define IPOPT_RA 148 #endif #ifdef SUNOS5 char eol[4]; /* EOL IP Option */ int ip_addlen = 0; /* Workaround for Option bug #2 */ #endif /* * max macro, with weird case to avoid conflicts */ #define MaX(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b)) #ifndef __P #ifdef __STDC__ #define __P(x) x #else #define __P(x) () #endif #endif typedef int (*callback_t) __P((int, u_char *, int, struct igmp *, int, struct sockaddr *, int *, struct timeval *)); void init_igmp __P((void)); void send_igmp __P((u_int32 src, u_int32 dst, int type, int code, u_int32 group, int datalen)); int inet_cksum __P((u_short *addr, u_int len)); void k_set_rcvbuf __P((int bufsize)); void k_hdr_include __P((int bool)); void k_set_ttl __P((int t)); void k_set_loop __P((int l)); void k_set_if __P((u_int32 ifa)); void k_join __P((u_int32 grp, u_int32 ifa)); void k_leave __P((u_int32 grp, u_int32 ifa)); char * inet_fmt __P((u_int32 addr, char *s)); char * inet_fmts __P((u_int32 addr, u_int32 mask, char *s)); char * inet_name __P((u_int32 addr)); u_int32 host_addr __P((char *name)); /* u_int is promoted u_char */ char * proto_type __P((u_int type)); char * flag_type __P((u_int type)); u_int32 get_netmask __P((int s, u_int32 *dst)); int get_ttl __P((struct resp_buf *buf)); int t_diff __P((u_long a, u_long b)); u_long byteswap __P((u_long v)); int mtrace_callback __P((int, u_char *, int, struct igmp *, int, struct sockaddr *, int *, struct timeval *)); int send_recv __P((u_int32 dst, int type, int code, int tries, struct resp_buf *save, callback_t callback)); void passive_mode __P((void)); char * print_host __P((u_int32 addr)); char * print_host2 __P((u_int32 addr1, u_int32 addr2)); void print_trace __P((int idx, struct resp_buf *buf, char **names)); int what_kind __P((struct resp_buf *buf, char *why)); char * scale __P((int *hop)); void stat_line __P((struct tr_resp *r, struct tr_resp *s, int have_next, int *res)); void fixup_stats __P((struct resp_buf *base, struct resp_buf *prev, struct resp_buf *new, int *bugs)); int check_thresh __P((int thresh, struct resp_buf *base, struct resp_buf *prev, struct resp_buf *new)); int print_stats __P((struct resp_buf *base, struct resp_buf *prev, struct resp_buf *new, int *bugs, char **names)); int path_changed __P((struct resp_buf *base, struct resp_buf *new)); void check_vif_state __P((void)); int main __P((int argc, char *argv[])); void log __P((int, int, char *, ...)); static void usage __P((void)); /* * Open and initialize the igmp socket, and fill in the non-changing * IP header fields in the output packet buffer. */ void init_igmp() { struct ip *ip; recv_buf = (char *)malloc(RECV_BUF_SIZE); if (recv_buf == 0) log(LOG_ERR, 0, "Out of memory allocating recv_buf!"); send_buf = (char *)malloc(RECV_BUF_SIZE); if (send_buf == 0) log(LOG_ERR, 0, "Out of memory allocating send_buf!"); if ((igmp_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_IGMP)) < 0) log(LOG_ERR, errno, "IGMP socket"); k_hdr_include(TRUE); /* include IP header when sending */ k_set_rcvbuf(48*1024); /* lots of input buffering */ k_set_ttl(1); /* restrict multicasts to one hop */ k_set_loop(FALSE); /* disable multicast loopback */ ip = (struct ip *)send_buf; ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2; ip->ip_v = IPVERSION; ip->ip_tos = 0; ip->ip_off = 0; ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_IGMP; ip->ip_ttl = MAXTTL; /* applies to unicasts only */ #ifndef INADDR_ALLRTRS_GROUP #define INADDR_ALLRTRS_GROUP 0xe0000002 /* 224.0.0.2 */ #endif allrtrs_group = htonl(INADDR_ALLRTRS_GROUP); router_alert[0] = IPOPT_RA; /* Router Alert */ router_alert[1] = 4; /* 4 bytes */ router_alert[2] = 0; router_alert[3] = 0; } #ifdef SUNOS5 void checkforsolarisbug() { u_int32 localhost = htonl(0x7f000001); eol[0] = IPOPT_EOL; eol[1] = IPOPT_EOL; eol[2] = IPOPT_EOL; eol[3] = IPOPT_EOL; setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, eol, sizeof(eol)); /* * Check if the kernel adds the options length to the packet * length. Send myself an IGMP packet of type 0 (illegal), * with 4 IPOPT_EOL options, my PID (for collision detection) * and 4 bytes of zero (so that the checksum works whether * the 4 bytes of zero get truncated or not). */ bzero(send_buf + MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN + IGMP_MINLEN, 8); *(int *)(send_buf + MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN + IGMP_MINLEN) = getpid(); send_igmp(localhost, localhost, 0, 0, 0, 8); while (1) { int recvlen, dummy = 0; recvlen = recvfrom(igmp_socket, recv_buf, RECV_BUF_SIZE, 0, NULL, &dummy); /* 8 == 4 bytes of options and 4 bytes of PID */ if (recvlen >= MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN + IGMP_MINLEN + 8) { struct ip *ip = (struct ip *)recv_buf; struct igmp *igmp; int *p; if (ip->ip_hl != 6 || ip->ip_p != IPPROTO_IGMP || ip->ip_src.s_addr != localhost || ip->ip_dst.s_addr != localhost) continue; igmp = (struct igmp *)(recv_buf + (ip->ip_hl << 2)); if (igmp->igmp_group.s_addr != 0) continue; if (igmp->igmp_type != 0 || igmp->igmp_code != 0) continue; p = (int *)((char *)igmp + IGMP_MINLEN); if (*p != getpid()) continue; #ifdef RAW_INPUT_IS_RAW ip->ip_len = ntohs(ip->ip_len); #endif if (ip->ip_len == IGMP_MINLEN + 4) ip_addlen = 4; else if (ip->ip_len == IGMP_MINLEN + 8) ip_addlen = 0; else log(LOG_ERR, 0, "while checking for Solaris bug: Sent %d bytes and got back %d!", IGMP_MINLEN + 8, ip->ip_len); break; } } } #endif /* * Construct an IGMP message in the output packet buffer. The caller may * have already placed data in that buffer, of length 'datalen'. Then send * the message from the interface with IP address 'src' to destination 'dst'. */ void send_igmp(src, dst, type, code, group, datalen) u_int32 src, dst; int type, code; u_int32 group; int datalen; { struct sockaddr_in sdst; struct ip *ip; struct igmp *igmp; int setloop = 0; static int raset = 0; int sendra = 0; int sendlen; ip = (struct ip *)send_buf; ip->ip_src.s_addr = src; ip->ip_dst.s_addr = dst; ip->ip_len = MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN + IGMP_MINLEN + datalen; sendlen = ip->ip_len; #ifdef SUNOS5 ip->ip_len += ip_addlen; #endif #ifdef RAW_OUTPUT_IS_RAW ip->ip_len = htons(ip->ip_len); #endif igmp = (struct igmp *)(send_buf + MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN); igmp->igmp_type = type; igmp->igmp_code = code; igmp->igmp_group.s_addr = group; igmp->igmp_cksum = 0; igmp->igmp_cksum = inet_cksum((u_short *)igmp, IGMP_MINLEN + datalen); if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(dst))) { k_set_if(src); setloop = 1; k_set_loop(TRUE); if (dst != allrtrs_group) sendra = 1; } if (sendopts && sendra && !raset) { setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, router_alert, sizeof(router_alert)); raset = 1; } else if (!sendra && raset) { #ifdef SUNOS5 /* * SunOS5 < 5.6 cannot properly reset the IP_OPTIONS "socket" * option. Instead, set up a string of 4 EOL's. */ setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, eol, sizeof(eol)); #else setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, NULL, 0); #endif raset = 0; } bzero(&sdst, sizeof(sdst)); sdst.sin_family = AF_INET; #if (defined(BSD) && (BSD >= 199103)) sdst.sin_len = sizeof(sdst); #endif sdst.sin_addr.s_addr = dst; if (sendto(igmp_socket, send_buf, sendlen, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sdst, sizeof(sdst)) < 0) { log(LOG_WARNING, errno, "sendto to %s on %s", inet_fmt(dst, s1), inet_fmt(src, s2)); } if (setloop) k_set_loop(FALSE); log(LOG_DEBUG, 0, "SENT %s from %-15s to %s", type == IGMP_MTRACE ? "mtrace request" : "ask_neighbors", src == INADDR_ANY ? "INADDR_ANY" : inet_fmt(src, s1), inet_fmt(dst, s2)); } /* * inet_cksum extracted from: * P I N G . C * * Author - * Mike Muuss * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory * December, 1983 * Modified at Uc Berkeley * * (ping.c) Status - * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited. * * I N _ C K S U M * * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version) * */ int inet_cksum(addr, len) u_short *addr; u_int len; { register int nleft = (int)len; register u_short *w = addr; u_short answer = 0; register int sum = 0; /* * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), * we add sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold * back all the carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower * 16 bits. */ while (nleft > 1) { sum += *w++; nleft -= 2; } /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */ if (nleft == 1) { *(u_char *) (&answer) = *(u_char *)w ; sum += answer; } /* * add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */ sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */ sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */ answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */ return (answer); } void k_set_rcvbuf(bufsize) int bufsize; { if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&bufsize, sizeof(bufsize)) < 0) log(LOG_ERR, errno, "setsockopt SO_RCVBUF %u", bufsize); } void k_hdr_include(bool) int bool; { #ifdef IP_HDRINCL if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, (char *)&bool, sizeof(bool)) < 0) log(LOG_ERR, errno, "setsockopt IP_HDRINCL %u", bool); #endif } void k_set_ttl(t) int t; { u_char ttl; ttl = t; if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, (char *)&ttl, sizeof(ttl)) < 0) log(LOG_ERR, errno, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL %u", ttl); } void k_set_loop(l) int l; { u_char loop; loop = l; if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, (char *)&loop, sizeof(loop)) < 0) log(LOG_ERR, errno, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP %u", loop); } void k_set_if(ifa) u_int32 ifa; { struct in_addr adr; adr.s_addr = ifa; if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, (char *)&adr, sizeof(adr)) < 0) log(LOG_ERR, errno, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF %s", inet_fmt(ifa, s1)); } void k_join(grp, ifa) u_int32 grp; u_int32 ifa; { struct ip_mreq mreq; mreq.imr_multiaddr.s_addr = grp; mreq.imr_interface.s_addr = ifa; if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, (char *)&mreq, sizeof(mreq)) < 0) log(LOG_WARNING, errno, "can't join group %s on interface %s", inet_fmt(grp, s1), inet_fmt(ifa, s2)); } void k_leave(grp, ifa) u_int32 grp; u_int32 ifa; { struct ip_mreq mreq; mreq.imr_multiaddr.s_addr = grp; mreq.imr_interface.s_addr = ifa; if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP, (char *)&mreq, sizeof(mreq)) < 0) log(LOG_WARNING, errno, "can't leave group %s on interface %s", inet_fmt(grp, s1), inet_fmt(ifa, s2)); } /* * Convert an IP address in u_long (network) format into a printable string. */ char * inet_fmt(addr, s) u_int32 addr; char *s; { register u_char *a; a = (u_char *)&addr; sprintf(s, "%u.%u.%u.%u", a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3]); return (s); } /* * Convert an IP subnet number in u_long (network) format into a printable * string including the netmask as a number of bits. */ char * inet_fmts(addr, mask, s) u_int32 addr, mask; char *s; { register u_char *a, *m; int bits; if ((addr == 0) && (mask == 0)) { sprintf(s, "default"); return (s); } a = (u_char *)&addr; m = (u_char *)&mask; bits = 33 - ffs(ntohl(mask)); if (m[3] != 0) sprintf(s, "%u.%u.%u.%u/%d", a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3], bits); else if (m[2] != 0) sprintf(s, "%u.%u.%u/%d", a[0], a[1], a[2], bits); else if (m[1] != 0) sprintf(s, "%u.%u/%d", a[0], a[1], bits); else sprintf(s, "%u/%d", a[0], bits); return (s); } char * inet_name(addr) u_int32 addr; { struct hostent *e; e = gethostbyaddr((char *)&addr, sizeof(addr), AF_INET); return e ? e->h_name : "?"; } u_int32 host_addr(name) char *name; { struct hostent *e = (struct hostent *)0; u_int32 addr; int i, dots = 3; char buf[40]; char *ip = name; char *op = buf; /* * Undo BSD's favor -- take fewer than 4 octets as net/subnet address * if the name is all numeric. */ for (i = sizeof(buf) - 7; i > 0; --i) { if (*ip == '.') --dots; else if (*ip == '\0') break; else if (!isdigit(*ip)) dots = 0; /* Not numeric, don't add zeroes */ *op++ = *ip++; } for (i = 0; i < dots; ++i) { *op++ = '.'; *op++ = '0'; } *op = '\0'; if (dots <= 0) e = gethostbyname(name); if (e && (e->h_length == sizeof(addr))) { memcpy((char *)&addr, e->h_addr_list[0], e->h_length); if (e->h_addr_list[1]) fprintf(stderr, "Warning: %s has multiple addresses, using %s\n", name, inet_fmt(addr, s1)); } else { addr = inet_addr(buf); if (addr == -1 || (IN_MULTICAST(addr) && dots)) { addr = 0; printf("Could not parse %s as host name or address\n", name); } } return addr; } char * proto_type(type) u_int type; { static char buf[80]; switch (type) { case PROTO_DVMRP: return ("DVMRP"); case PROTO_MOSPF: return ("MOSPF"); case PROTO_PIM: return ("PIM"); case PROTO_CBT: return ("CBT"); case PROTO_PIM_SPECIAL: return ("PIM/Special"); case PROTO_PIM_STATIC: return ("PIM/Static"); case PROTO_DVMRP_STATIC: return ("DVMRP/Static"); case PROTO_PIM_BGP4PLUS: return ("PIM/BGP4+"); case PROTO_CBT_SPECIAL: return ("CBT/Special"); case PROTO_CBT_STATIC: return ("CBT/Static"); case PROTO_PIM_ASSERT: return ("PIM/Assert"); case 0: return ("None"); default: (void) sprintf(buf, "Unknown protocol code %d", type); return (buf); } } char * flag_type(type) u_int type; { static char buf[80]; switch (type) { case TR_NO_ERR: return (""); case TR_WRONG_IF: return ("Wrong interface"); case TR_PRUNED: return ("Prune sent upstream"); case TR_OPRUNED: return ("Output pruned"); case TR_SCOPED: return ("Hit scope boundary"); case TR_NO_RTE: return ("No route"); case TR_NO_FWD: return ("Not forwarding"); case TR_HIT_RP: return ("Reached RP/Core"); case TR_RPF_IF: return ("RPF Interface"); case TR_NO_MULTI: return ("Multicast disabled"); case TR_OLD_ROUTER: return ("Next router no mtrace"); case TR_NO_SPACE: return ("No space in packet"); case TR_ADMIN_PROHIB: return ("Admin. Prohibited"); default: (void) sprintf(buf, "Unknown error code %d", type); return (buf); } } /* * If destination is on a local net, get the netmask, else set the * netmask to all ones. There are two side effects: if the local * address was not explicitly set, and if the destination is on a * local net, use that one; in either case, verify that the local * address is valid. */ u_int32 get_netmask(s, dst) int s; u_int32 *dst; { unsigned int n; struct ifconf ifc; struct ifreq *ifrp, *ifend; u_int32 if_addr, if_mask; u_int32 retval = 0xFFFFFFFF; int found = FALSE; int num_ifreq = 32; ifc.ifc_len = num_ifreq * sizeof(struct ifreq); ifc.ifc_buf = malloc(ifc.ifc_len); while (ifc.ifc_buf) { if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFCONF, (char *)&ifc) < 0) { perror("ioctl SIOCGIFCONF"); return retval; } /* * If the buffer was large enough to hold all the addresses * then break out, otherwise increase the buffer size and * try again. * * The only way to know that we definitely had enough space * is to know that there was enough space for at least one * more struct ifreq. ??? */ if ((num_ifreq * sizeof(struct ifreq)) >= ifc.ifc_len + sizeof(struct ifreq)) break; num_ifreq *= 2; ifc.ifc_len = num_ifreq * sizeof(struct ifreq); ifc.ifc_buf = realloc(ifc.ifc_buf, ifc.ifc_len); } if (ifc.ifc_buf == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "getting interface list: ran out of memory"); exit(1); } ifrp = (struct ifreq *)ifc.ifc_buf; ifend = (struct ifreq *)(ifc.ifc_buf + ifc.ifc_len); /* * Loop through all of the interfaces. */ for (; ifrp < ifend && !found; ifrp = (struct ifreq *)((char *)ifrp + n)) { #if BSD >= 199006 n = ifrp->ifr_addr.sa_len + sizeof(ifrp->ifr_name); if (n < sizeof(*ifrp)) n = sizeof(*ifrp); #else n = sizeof(*ifrp); #endif /* * Ignore any interface for an address family other than IP. */ if (ifrp->ifr_addr.sa_family != AF_INET) continue; if_addr = ((struct sockaddr_in *)&(ifrp->ifr_addr))->sin_addr.s_addr; if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFFLAGS, (char *)ifrp) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "SIOCGIFFLAGS on "); perror(ifrp->ifr_name); continue; } if ((ifrp->ifr_flags & (IFF_MULTICAST|IFF_UP|IFF_LOOPBACK)) != (IFF_MULTICAST|IFF_UP)) continue; if (*dst == 0) *dst = if_addr; if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFNETMASK, (char *)ifrp) >= 0) { if_mask = ((struct sockaddr_in *)&(ifrp->ifr_addr))->sin_addr.s_addr; if (if_mask != 0 && (*dst & if_mask) == (if_addr & if_mask)) { retval = if_mask; if (lcl_addr == 0) lcl_addr = if_addr; /* XXX what about aliases? */ } } if (lcl_addr == if_addr) found = TRUE; } if (!found && lcl_addr != 0) { printf("Interface address is not valid\n"); exit(1); } return (retval); } /* * Try to pick a TTL that will get past all the thresholds in the path. */ int get_ttl(buf) struct resp_buf *buf; { int rno; struct tr_resp *b; u_int ttl; if (buf && (rno = buf->len) > 0) { b = buf->resps + rno - 1; ttl = b->tr_fttl; while (--rno > 0) { --b; if (ttl < b->tr_fttl) ttl = b->tr_fttl; else ++ttl; } ttl += MULTICAST_TTL_INC; if (ttl < MULTICAST_TTL1) ttl = MULTICAST_TTL1; if (ttl > MULTICAST_TTL_MAX) ttl = MULTICAST_TTL_MAX; return (ttl); } else return(MULTICAST_TTL1); } /* * Calculate the difference between two 32-bit NTP timestamps and return * the result in milliseconds. */ int t_diff(a, b) u_long a, b; { int d = a - b; return ((d * 125) >> 13); } /* * Swap bytes for poor little-endian machines that don't byte-swap */ u_long byteswap(v) u_long v; { return ((v << 24) | ((v & 0xff00) << 8) | ((v >> 8) & 0xff00) | (v >> 24)); } #if 0 /* * XXX incomplete - need private callback data, too? * XXX since dst doesn't get passed through? */ int neighbors_callback(tmo, buf, buflen, igmp, igmplen, addr, addrlen, ts) int tmo; u_char *buf; int buflen; struct igmp *igmp; int igmplen; struct sockaddr *addr; int *addrlen; struct timeval *ts; { int len; u_int32 dst; struct ip *ip = (struct ip *)buf; if (tmo) return 0; if (igmp->igmp_code != DVMRP_NEIGHBORS2) return 0; len = igmplen; /* * Accept DVMRP_NEIGHBORS2 response if it comes from the * address queried or if that address is one of the local * addresses in the response. */ if (ip->ip_src.s_addr != dst) { u_int32 *p = (u_int32 *)(igmp + 1); u_int32 *ep = p + (len >> 2); while (p < ep) { u_int32 laddr = *p++; int n = ntohl(*p++) & 0xFF; if (laddr == dst) { ep = p + 1; /* ensure p < ep after loop */ break; } p += n; } if (p >= ep) return 0; } return buflen; } #endif int mtrace_callback(tmo, buf, buflen, igmp, igmplen, addr, addrlen, ts) int tmo; u_char *buf; int buflen; struct igmp *igmp; int igmplen; struct sockaddr *addr; int *addrlen; struct timeval *ts; { static u_char *savbuf = NULL; static int savbuflen; static struct sockaddr *savaddr; static int savaddrlen; static struct timeval savts; int len = (igmplen - QLEN) / RLEN; struct tr_resp *r = (struct tr_resp *)((struct tr_query *)(igmp + 1) + 1); if (tmo == 1) { /* * If we timed out with a packet saved, then return that packet. * send_recv won't send this same packet to the callback again. */ if (savbuf) { bcopy(savbuf, buf, savbuflen); free(savbuf); savbuf = NULL; bcopy(savaddr, addr, savaddrlen); free(savaddr); *addrlen = savaddrlen; bcopy(&savts, ts, sizeof(savts)); return savbuflen; } return 0; } if (savbuf) { free(savbuf); savbuf = NULL; free(savaddr); } /* * Check for IOS bug described in CSCdi68628, where a router that does * not have multicast enabled responds to an mtrace request with a 1-hop * error packet. * Heuristic is: * If there is only one hop reported in the packet, * And the protocol code is 0, * And there is no previous hop, * And the forwarding information is "Not Forwarding", * And the router is not on the same subnet as the destination of the * trace, * then drop this packet. The "#if 0"'d code saves it and returns * it on timeout, but timeouts are too common (e.g. routers with * limited unicast routing tables, etc). */ if (len == 1 && r->tr_rproto == 0 && r->tr_rmtaddr == 0 && r->tr_rflags == TR_NO_FWD) { u_int32 smask; VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask); if ((r->tr_outaddr & smask) != (qdst & smask)) { #if 0 /* XXX should do this silently? */ fprintf(stderr, "mtrace: probably IOS-buggy packet from %s\n", inet_fmt(((struct sockaddr_in *)addr)->sin_addr.s_addr, s1)); /* Save the packet to return if a timeout occurs. */ savbuf = (u_char *)malloc(buflen); if (savbuf != NULL) { bcopy(buf, savbuf, buflen); savbuflen = buflen; savaddr = (struct sockaddr *)malloc(*addrlen); if (savaddr != NULL) { bcopy(addr, savaddr, *addrlen); savaddrlen = *addrlen; bcopy(ts, &savts, sizeof(savts)); } else { free(savbuf); savbuf = NULL; } } #endif return 0; } } return buflen; } int send_recv(dst, type, code, tries, save, callback) u_int32 dst; int type, code, tries; struct resp_buf *save; callback_t callback; { fd_set fds; struct timeval tq, tr, tv; struct ip *ip; struct igmp *igmp; struct tr_query *query, *rquery; struct tr_resp *r; struct sockaddr_in recvaddr; u_int32 local, group; int ipdatalen, iphdrlen, igmpdatalen; int datalen; int count, recvlen, socklen = sizeof(recvaddr); int len; int i; if (type == IGMP_MTRACE) { group = qgrp; datalen = sizeof(struct tr_query); } else { group = htonl(0xff03); datalen = 0; } if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(dst))) local = lcl_addr; else local = INADDR_ANY; /* * If the reply address was not explictly specified, start off * with the standard multicast reply address, or the unicast * address of this host if the unicast flag was specified. * Then, if there is no response after trying half the tries * with multicast, switch to the unicast address of this host * if the multicast flag was not specified. If the TTL was * also not specified, set a multicast TTL and increase it * for every try. */ query = (struct tr_query *)(send_buf + MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN + IGMP_MINLEN); query->tr_raddr = raddr ? raddr : unicast ? lcl_addr : resp_cast; TR_SETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid, rttl ? rttl : IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(query->tr_raddr)) ? get_ttl(save) : UNICAST_TTL); query->tr_src = qsrc; query->tr_dst = qdst; for (i = tries ; i > 0; --i) { int oqid; if (tries == nqueries && raddr == 0) { if (i == (nqueries >> 1)) { if (multicast && unicast) { query->tr_raddr = resp_cast; if (!rttl) TR_SETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid, get_ttl(save)); } else if (!multicast) { query->tr_raddr = lcl_addr; TR_SETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid, UNICAST_TTL); } } if (i < tries && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(query->tr_raddr)) && rttl == 0) { TR_SETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid, TR_GETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid) + MULTICAST_TTL_INC); if (TR_GETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid) > MULTICAST_TTL_MAX) TR_SETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid, MULTICAST_TTL_MAX); } } /* * Change the qid for each request sent to avoid being confused * by duplicate responses */ oqid = TR_GETQID(query->tr_rttlqid); if (staticqid) TR_SETQID(query->tr_rttlqid, staticqid); else #ifdef SYSV TR_SETQID(query->tr_rttlqid, ((u_int32)lrand48() >> 8)); #else TR_SETQID(query->tr_rttlqid, ((u_int32)random() >> 8)); #endif /* * Set timer to calculate delays, then send query */ gettimeofday(&tq, 0); send_igmp(local, dst, type, code, group, datalen); /* * Wait for response, discarding false alarms */ while (TRUE) { FD_ZERO(&fds); FD_SET(igmp_socket, &fds); gettimeofday(&tv, 0); tv.tv_sec = tq.tv_sec + timeout - tv.tv_sec; tv.tv_usec = tq.tv_usec - tv.tv_usec; if (tv.tv_usec < 0) tv.tv_usec += 1000000L, --tv.tv_sec; if (tv.tv_sec < 0) tv.tv_sec = tv.tv_usec = 0; count = select(igmp_socket + 1, &fds, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, &tv); if (count < 0) { if (errno != EINTR) warn("select"); continue; } else if (count == 0) { /* * Timed out. Notify the callback. */ if (!callback || (recvlen = (callback)(1, recv_buf, 0, NULL, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&recvaddr, &socklen, &tr)) == 0) { printf("* "); fflush(stdout); break; } } else { /* * Data is available on the socket, so read it. */ gettimeofday(&tr, 0); recvlen = recvfrom(igmp_socket, recv_buf, RECV_BUF_SIZE, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&recvaddr, &socklen); } if (recvlen <= 0) { if (recvlen && errno != EINTR) warn("recvfrom"); continue; } if (recvlen < sizeof(struct ip)) { warnx("packet too short (%u bytes) for IP header", recvlen); continue; } ip = (struct ip *) recv_buf; if (ip->ip_p == 0) /* ignore cache creation requests */ continue; iphdrlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; #ifdef RAW_INPUT_IS_RAW ipdatalen = ntohs(ip->ip_len); #else ipdatalen = ip->ip_len; #endif if (iphdrlen + ipdatalen != recvlen) { warnx("packet shorter (%u bytes) than hdr+data len (%u+%u)", recvlen, iphdrlen, ipdatalen); continue; } igmp = (struct igmp *) (recv_buf + iphdrlen); igmpdatalen = ipdatalen - IGMP_MINLEN; if (igmpdatalen < 0) { warnx("IP data field too short (%u bytes) for IGMP from %s", ipdatalen, inet_fmt(ip->ip_src.s_addr, s1)); continue; } switch (igmp->igmp_type) { case IGMP_DVMRP: if (type != IGMP_DVMRP || code != DVMRP_ASK_NEIGHBORS2) continue; if (igmp->igmp_code != DVMRP_NEIGHBORS2) continue; len = igmpdatalen; /* * Accept DVMRP_NEIGHBORS2 response if it comes from the * address queried or if that address is one of the local * addresses in the response. */ if (ip->ip_src.s_addr != dst) { u_int32 *p = (u_int32 *)(igmp + 1); u_int32 *ep = p + (len >> 2); while (p < ep) { u_int32 laddr = *p++; int n = ntohl(*p++) & 0xFF; if (laddr == dst) { ep = p + 1; /* ensure p < ep after loop */ break; } p += n; } if (p >= ep) continue; } break; case IGMP_MTRACE: /* For backward compatibility with 3.3 */ case IGMP_MTRACE_RESP: if (type != IGMP_MTRACE) continue; if (igmpdatalen <= QLEN) continue; if ((igmpdatalen - QLEN)%RLEN) { printf("packet with incomplete responses (%d bytes)\n", igmpdatalen); continue; } /* * Ignore responses that don't match query. */ rquery = (struct tr_query *)(igmp + 1); if (rquery->tr_src != qsrc || rquery->tr_dst != qdst) continue; if (TR_GETQID(rquery->tr_rttlqid) != TR_GETQID(query->tr_rttlqid)) { if (verbose && TR_GETQID(rquery->tr_rttlqid) == oqid) printf("[D]"); continue; } len = (igmpdatalen - QLEN)/RLEN; r = (struct tr_resp *)(rquery+1) + len - 1; /* * Ignore trace queries passing through this node when * mtrace is run on an mrouter that is in the path * (needed only because IGMP_MTRACE is accepted above * for backward compatibility with multicast release 3.3). */ if (igmp->igmp_type == IGMP_MTRACE) { u_int32 smask; VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask); if (len < code && (r->tr_inaddr & smask) != (qsrc & smask) && r->tr_rmtaddr != 0 && !(r->tr_rflags & 0x80)) continue; } /* * Some routers will return error messages without * filling in their addresses. We fill in the address * for them. */ if (r->tr_outaddr == 0) r->tr_outaddr = recvaddr.sin_addr.s_addr; /* * A match, we'll keep this one. */ if (len > code) { warnx("num hops received (%d) exceeds request (%d)", len, code); } rquery->tr_raddr = query->tr_raddr; /* Insure these are */ TR_SETTTL(rquery->tr_rttlqid, TR_GETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid)); /* as we sent them */ break; default: continue; } /* * We're pretty sure we want to use this packet now, * but if the caller gave a callback function, it might * want to handle it instead. Give the callback a chance, * unless the select timed out (in which case the only way * to get here is because the callback returned a packet). */ if (callback && (count != 0) && ((callback)(0, recv_buf, recvlen, igmp, igmpdatalen, (struct sockaddr*)&recvaddr, &socklen, &tr)) == 0) { /* * The callback function didn't like this packet. * Go try receiving another one. */ continue; } /* * Most of the sanity checking done at this point. * Return this packet we have been waiting for. */ if (save) { save->qtime = ((tq.tv_sec + JAN_1970) << 16) + (tq.tv_usec << 10) / 15625; save->rtime = ((tr.tv_sec + JAN_1970) << 16) + (tr.tv_usec << 10) / 15625; save->len = len; bcopy((char *)igmp, (char *)&save->igmp, ipdatalen); } return (recvlen); } } return (0); } /* * Most of this code is duplicated elsewhere. I'm not sure if * the duplication is absolutely required or not. * * Ideally, this would keep track of ongoing statistics * collection and print out statistics. (& keep track * of h-b-h traces and only print the longest) For now, * it just snoops on what traces it can. */ void passive_mode() { struct timeval tr; time_t tr_sec; struct ip *ip; struct igmp *igmp; struct tr_resp *r; struct sockaddr_in recvaddr; struct tm *now; char timebuf[32]; int socklen; int ipdatalen, iphdrlen, igmpdatalen; int len, recvlen; int qid; u_int32 smask; struct mtrace *remembered = NULL, *m, *n, **nn; int pc = 0; if (raddr) { if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(raddr))) k_join(raddr, lcl_addr); } else k_join(htonl(0xE0000120), lcl_addr); while (1) { fflush(stdout); /* make sure previous trace is flushed */ socklen = sizeof(recvaddr); recvlen = recvfrom(igmp_socket, recv_buf, RECV_BUF_SIZE, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&recvaddr, &socklen); gettimeofday(&tr,0); if (recvlen <= 0) { if (recvlen && errno != EINTR) warn("recvfrom"); continue; } if (recvlen < sizeof(struct ip)) { warnx("packet too short (%u bytes) for IP header", recvlen); continue; } ip = (struct ip *) recv_buf; if (ip->ip_p == 0) /* ignore cache creation requests */ continue; iphdrlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; #ifdef RAW_INPUT_IS_RAW ipdatalen = ntohs(ip->ip_len); #else ipdatalen = ip->ip_len; #endif if (iphdrlen + ipdatalen != recvlen) { warnx("packet shorter (%u bytes) than hdr+data len (%u+%u)", recvlen, iphdrlen, ipdatalen); continue; } igmp = (struct igmp *) (recv_buf + iphdrlen); igmpdatalen = ipdatalen - IGMP_MINLEN; if (igmpdatalen < 0) { warnx("IP data field too short (%u bytes) for IGMP from %s", ipdatalen, inet_fmt(ip->ip_src.s_addr, s1)); continue; } switch (igmp->igmp_type) { case IGMP_MTRACE: /* For backward compatibility with 3.3 */ case IGMP_MTRACE_RESP: if (igmpdatalen < QLEN) continue; if ((igmpdatalen - QLEN)%RLEN) { printf("packet with incorrect datalen\n"); continue; } len = (igmpdatalen - QLEN)/RLEN; break; default: continue; } base.qtime = ((tr.tv_sec + JAN_1970) << 16) + (tr.tv_usec << 10) / 15625; base.rtime = ((tr.tv_sec + JAN_1970) << 16) + (tr.tv_usec << 10) / 15625; base.len = len; bcopy((char *)igmp, (char *)&base.igmp, ipdatalen); /* * If the user specified which traces to monitor, * only accept traces that correspond to the * request */ if ((qsrc != 0 && qsrc != base.qhdr.tr_src) || (qdst != 0 && qdst != base.qhdr.tr_dst) || (qgrp != 0 && qgrp != igmp->igmp_group.s_addr)) continue; /* XXX This should be a hash table */ /* XXX garbage-collection should be more efficient */ for (nn = &remembered, n = *nn, m = 0; n; n = *nn) { if ((n->base.qhdr.tr_src == base.qhdr.tr_src) && (n->base.qhdr.tr_dst == base.qhdr.tr_dst) && (n->base.igmp.igmp_group.s_addr == igmp->igmp_group.s_addr)) { m = n; m->last = tr; } if (tr.tv_sec - n->last.tv_sec > 500) { /* XXX don't hardcode */ *nn = n->next; free(n); } else { nn = &n->next; } } tr_sec = tr.tv_sec; now = localtime(&tr_sec); strftime(timebuf, sizeof(timebuf) - 1, "%b %e %k:%M:%S", now); printf("Mtrace %s at %s", len == 0 ? "query" : igmp->igmp_type == IGMP_MTRACE_RESP ? "response" : "in transit", timebuf); if (len == 0) printf(" by %s", inet_fmt(recvaddr.sin_addr.s_addr, s1)); if (!IN_MULTICAST(base.qhdr.tr_raddr)) printf(", resp to %s", (len == 0 && recvaddr.sin_addr.s_addr == base.qhdr.tr_raddr) ? "same" : inet_fmt(base.qhdr.tr_raddr, s1)); else printf(", respttl %d", TR_GETTTL(base.qhdr.tr_rttlqid)); printf(", qid %06x\n", qid = TR_GETQID(base.qhdr.tr_rttlqid)); printf("packet from %s to %s\n", inet_fmt(ip->ip_src.s_addr, s1), inet_fmt(ip->ip_dst.s_addr, s2)); printf("from %s to %s via group %s (mxhop=%d)\n", inet_fmt(base.qhdr.tr_dst, s1), inet_fmt(base.qhdr.tr_src, s2), inet_fmt(igmp->igmp_group.s_addr, s3), igmp->igmp_code); if (len == 0) { printf("\n"); continue; } r = base.resps + base.len - 1; /* * Some routers will return error messages without * filling in their addresses. We fill in the address * for them. */ if (r->tr_outaddr == 0) r->tr_outaddr = recvaddr.sin_addr.s_addr; /* * If there was a previous trace, it see if this is a * statistics candidate. */ if (m && base.len == m->base.len && !(pc = path_changed(&m->base, &base))) { /* * Some mtrace responders send multiple copies of the same * reply. Skip this packet if it's got the same query-id * as the last one. */ if (m->lastqid == qid) { printf("Skipping duplicate reply\n"); continue; } m->lastqid = qid; ++m->nresp; bcopy(&base, m->new, sizeof(base)); printf("Results after %d seconds:\n\n", (int)((m->new->qtime - m->base.qtime) >> 16)); fixup_stats(&m->base, m->prev, m->new, m->bugs); print_stats(&m->base, m->prev, m->new, m->bugs, m->names); m->prev = m->new; m->new = &m->incr[(m->nresp & 1)]; continue; } if (m == NULL) { m = (struct mtrace *)malloc(sizeof(struct mtrace)); if (m == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory!\n"); continue; } bzero(m, sizeof(struct mtrace)); m->next = remembered; remembered = m; bcopy(&tr, &m->last, sizeof(tr)); } /* Either it's a hop-by-hop in progress, or the path changed. */ if (pc) { printf("[Path Changed...]\n"); bzero(m->bugs, sizeof(m->bugs)); } bcopy(&base, &m->base, sizeof(base)); m->prev = &m->base; m->new = &m->incr[0]; m->nresp = 0; printf(" 0 "); print_host(base.qhdr.tr_dst); printf("\n"); print_trace(1, &base, m->names); VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask); if ((r->tr_inaddr & smask) == (base.qhdr.tr_src & smask)) { printf("%3d ", -(base.len+1)); print_host(base.qhdr.tr_src); printf("\n"); } else if (r->tr_rmtaddr != 0) { printf("%3d ", -(base.len+1)); print_host(r->tr_rmtaddr); printf(" %s\n", r->tr_rflags == TR_OLD_ROUTER ? "doesn't support mtrace" : "is the next hop"); } printf("\n"); } } char * print_host(addr) u_int32 addr; { return print_host2(addr, 0); } /* * On some routers, one interface has a name and the other doesn't. * We always print the address of the outgoing interface, but can * sometimes get the name from the incoming interface. This might be * confusing but should be slightly more helpful than just a "?". */ char * print_host2(addr1, addr2) u_int32 addr1, addr2; { char *name; if (numeric) { printf("%s", inet_fmt(addr1, s1)); return (""); } name = inet_name(addr1); if (*name == '?' && *(name + 1) == '\0' && addr2 != 0) name = inet_name(addr2); printf("%s (%s)", name, inet_fmt(addr1, s1)); return (name); } /* * Print responses as received (reverse path from dst to src) */ void print_trace(idx, buf, names) int idx; struct resp_buf *buf; char **names; { struct tr_resp *r; char *name; int i; int hop; char *ms; i = abs(idx); r = buf->resps + i - 1; for (; i <= buf->len; ++i, ++r) { if (idx > 0) printf("%3d ", -i); name = print_host2(r->tr_outaddr, r->tr_inaddr); if (r->tr_rflags != TR_NO_RTE) printf(" %s thresh^ %d", proto_type(r->tr_rproto), r->tr_fttl); if (verbose) { hop = t_diff(ntohl(r->tr_qarr), buf->qtime); ms = scale(&hop); printf(" %d%s", hop, ms); } printf(" %s", flag_type(r->tr_rflags)); if (i > 1 && r->tr_outaddr != (r-1)->tr_rmtaddr) { printf(" !RPF!"); print_host((r-1)->tr_rmtaddr); } if (r->tr_rflags != TR_NO_RTE) { if (r->tr_smask <= 1) /* MASK_TO_VAL() returns 1 for default */ printf(" [default]"); else if (verbose) { u_int32 smask; VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask); printf(" [%s]", inet_fmts(buf->qhdr.tr_src & smask, smask, s1)); } } printf("\n"); if (names[i-1]) free(names[i-1]); names[i-1]=malloc(strlen(name) + 1); strcpy(names[i-1], name); } } /* * See what kind of router is the next hop */ int what_kind(buf, why) struct resp_buf *buf; char *why; { u_int32 smask; int retval; int hops = buf->len; struct tr_resp *r = buf->resps + hops - 1; u_int32 next = r->tr_rmtaddr; retval = send_recv(next, IGMP_DVMRP, DVMRP_ASK_NEIGHBORS2, 1, &incr[0], NULL); print_host(next); if (retval) { u_int32 version = ntohl(incr[0].igmp.igmp_group.s_addr); u_int32 *p = (u_int32 *)incr[0].ndata; u_int32 *ep = p + (incr[0].len >> 2); char *type = "version "; retval = 0; switch (version & 0xFF) { case 1: type = "proteon/mrouted "; retval = 1; break; case 10: case 11: type = "cisco "; } printf(" [%s%d.%d] %s\n", type, version & 0xFF, (version >> 8) & 0xFF, why); VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask); while (p < ep) { u_int32 laddr = *p++; int flags = (ntohl(*p) & 0xFF00) >> 8; int n = ntohl(*p++) & 0xFF; if (!(flags & (DVMRP_NF_DOWN | DVMRP_NF_DISABLED)) && (laddr & smask) == (qsrc & smask)) { printf("%3d ", -(hops+2)); print_host(qsrc); printf("\n"); return 1; } p += n; } return retval; } printf(" %s\n", why); return 0; } char * scale(hop) int *hop; { if (*hop > -1000 && *hop < 10000) return (" ms"); *hop /= 1000; if (*hop > -1000 && *hop < 10000) return (" s "); return ("s "); } /* * Calculate and print one line of packet loss and packet rate statistics. * Checks for count of all ones from mrouted 2.3 that doesn't have counters. */ #define NEITHER 0 #define INS 1 #define OUTS 2 #define BOTH 3 void stat_line(r, s, have_next, rst) struct tr_resp *r, *s; int have_next; int *rst; { int timediff = (ntohl(s->tr_qarr) - ntohl(r->tr_qarr)) >> 16; int v_lost, v_pct; int g_lost, g_pct; int v_out = ntohl(s->tr_vifout) - ntohl(r->tr_vifout); int g_out = ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt); int v_pps, g_pps; char v_str[8], g_str[8]; int vhave = NEITHER; int ghave = NEITHER; int gmissing = NEITHER; char whochar; int badtime = 0; if (timediff == 0) { badtime = 1; /* Might be 32 bits of int seconds instead of 16int+16frac */ timediff = ntohl(s->tr_qarr) - ntohl(r->tr_qarr); if (timediff == 0 || abs(timediff - statint) > statint) timediff = 1; } v_pps = v_out / timediff; g_pps = g_out / timediff; #define STATS_MISSING(x) ((x) == 0xFFFFFFFF) if (!STATS_MISSING(s->tr_vifout) && !STATS_MISSING(r->tr_vifout)) vhave |= OUTS; if (STATS_MISSING(s->tr_pktcnt) || STATS_MISSING(r->tr_pktcnt)) gmissing |= OUTS; if (!(*rst & BUG_NOPRINT)) ghave |= OUTS; if (have_next) { --r, --s, --rst; if (!STATS_MISSING(s->tr_vifin) && !STATS_MISSING(r->tr_vifin)) vhave |= INS; if (STATS_MISSING(s->tr_pktcnt) || STATS_MISSING(r->tr_pktcnt)) gmissing |= INS; if (!(*rst & BUG_NOPRINT)) ghave |= INS; } /* * Stats can be missing for any number of reasons: * - The hop may not be capable of collecting stats * - Traffic may be getting dropped at the previous hop * and so this hop may not have any state * * We need a stronger heuristic to tell between these * two cases; in case 1 we don't want to print the stats * and in case 2 we want to print 100% loss. We used to * err on the side of not printing, which is less useful * than printing 100% loss and dealing with it. */ #if 0 /* * If both hops report as missing, then it's likely that there's just * no traffic flowing. * * If just one hop is missing, then we really don't have it. */ if (gmissing != BOTH) ghave &= ~gmissing; #endif whochar = have_next ? '^' : ' '; switch (vhave) { case BOTH: v_lost = v_out - (ntohl(s->tr_vifin) - ntohl(r->tr_vifin)); if (v_out) v_pct = v_lost * 100 / v_out; else v_pct = 0; if (-20 < v_pct && v_pct < 101 && v_out > 10) sprintf(v_str, "%3d%%", v_pct); else if (v_pct < -900 && v_out > 10) sprintf(v_str, "%3dx", (int)(-v_pct / 100. + 1.)); else if (v_pct <= -20 && v_out > 10) sprintf(v_str, "%1.1fx", -v_pct / 100. + 1.); else memcpy(v_str, " -- ", 5); if (tunstats) printf("%6d/%-5d=%s", v_lost, v_out, v_str); else printf(" "); printf("%4d pps", v_pps); if (v_pps && badtime) printf("?"); break; case INS: v_out = ntohl(s->tr_vifin) - ntohl(r->tr_vifin); v_pps = v_out / timediff; whochar = 'v'; /* FALLTHROUGH */ case OUTS: if (tunstats) printf(" %c%-5d ", whochar, v_out); else printf(" %c", whochar); printf("%4d pps", v_pps); if (v_pps && badtime) printf("?"); break; case NEITHER: if (ghave != NEITHER) if (tunstats) printf(" "); else printf(" "); break; } whochar = have_next ? '^' : ' '; switch (ghave) { case BOTH: g_lost = g_out - (ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt)); if (g_out) g_pct = g_lost * 100 / g_out; else g_pct = 0; if (-20 < g_pct && g_pct < 101 && g_out > 10) sprintf(g_str, "%3d%%", g_pct); else if (g_pct < -900 && g_out > 10) sprintf(g_str, "%3dx", (int)(-g_pct / 100. + 1.)); else if (g_pct <= -20 && g_out > 10) sprintf(g_str, "%1.1fx", -g_pct / 100. + 1.); else memcpy(g_str, " -- ", 5); printf("%s%6d/%-5d=%s%4d pps", tunstats ? "" : " ", g_lost, g_out, g_str, g_pps); if (g_pps && badtime) printf("?"); printf("\n"); break; #if 0 case INS: g_out = ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt); g_pps = g_out / timediff; whochar = 'v'; /* FALLTHROUGH */ #endif case OUTS: printf("%s ?/%-5d %4d pps", tunstats ? "" : " ", g_out, g_pps); if (badtime) printf("?"); printf("\n"); break; case INS: case NEITHER: printf("\n"); break; } if (debug > 2) { printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ", (long)ntohl(s->tr_vifin)); printf("v_out: %ld ", (long)ntohl(s->tr_vifout)); printf("pkts: %ld\n", (long)ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt)); printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ", (long)ntohl(r->tr_vifin)); printf("v_out: %ld ", (long)ntohl(r->tr_vifout)); printf("pkts: %ld\n", (long)ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt)); printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ", (long)(ntohl(s->tr_vifin) - ntohl(r->tr_vifin))); printf("v_out: %ld ", (long)(ntohl(s->tr_vifout) - ntohl(r->tr_vifout))); printf("pkts: %ld ", (long)(ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt))); printf("time: %d\n", timediff); printf("\t\t\t\treset: %x hoptime: %lx\n", *rst, ntohl(s->tr_qarr)); } } /* * A fixup to check if any pktcnt has been reset, and to fix the * byteorder bugs in mrouted 3.6 on little-endian machines. * * XXX Since periodic traffic sources are likely to have their * pktcnt periodically reset, should we save old values when * the reset occurs to keep slightly better statistics over * the long term? (e.g. SAP) */ void fixup_stats(base, prev, new, bugs) struct resp_buf *base, *prev, *new; int *bugs; { int rno = base->len; struct tr_resp *b = base->resps + rno; struct tr_resp *p = prev->resps + rno; struct tr_resp *n = new->resps + rno; int *r = bugs + rno; int res; int cleanup = 0; /* Check for byte-swappers. Only check on the first trace, * since long-running traces can wrap around and falsely trigger. */ while (--rno >= 0) { #ifdef TEST_ONLY u_int32 nvifout = ntohl(n->tr_vifout); u_int32 pvifout = ntohl(p->tr_vifout); #endif --n; --p; --b; #ifdef TEST_ONLY /*XXX this is still buggy, so disable it for release */ if ((*r & BUG_SWAP) || ((base == prev) && (nvifout - pvifout) > (byteswap(nvifout) - byteswap(pvifout)))) { if (1 || debug > 2) { printf("ip %s swaps; b %08x p %08x n %08x\n", inet_fmt(n->tr_inaddr, s1), ntohl(b->tr_vifout), pvifout, nvifout); } /* This host sends byteswapped reports; swap 'em */ if (!(*r & BUG_SWAP)) { *r |= BUG_SWAP; b->tr_qarr = byteswap(b->tr_qarr); b->tr_vifin = byteswap(b->tr_vifin); b->tr_vifout = byteswap(b->tr_vifout); b->tr_pktcnt = byteswap(b->tr_pktcnt); } n->tr_qarr = byteswap(n->tr_qarr); n->tr_vifin = byteswap(n->tr_vifin); n->tr_vifout = byteswap(n->tr_vifout); n->tr_pktcnt = byteswap(n->tr_pktcnt); } #endif /* * A missing parenthesis in mrouted 3.5-3.8's prune.c * causes extremely bogus time diff's. * One half of the time calculation was * inside an htonl() and one half wasn't. Therefore, on * a little-endian machine, both halves of the calculation * would get added together in the little end. Thus, the * low-order 2 bytes are either 0000 (no overflow) or * 0100 (overflow from the addition). * * Odds are against these particular bit patterns * happening in both prev and new for actual time values. */ if ((*r & BUG_BOGUSTIME) || (((ntohl(n->tr_qarr) & 0xfeff) == 0x0000) && ((ntohl(p->tr_qarr) & 0xfeff) == 0x0000))) { *r |= BUG_BOGUSTIME; n->tr_qarr = new->rtime; p->tr_qarr = prev->rtime; b->tr_qarr = base->rtime; } } rno = base->len; b = base->resps + rno; p = prev->resps + rno; n = new->resps + rno; r = bugs + rno; while (--rno >= 0) { --n; --p; --b; --r; /* * This hop has reset if: * - There were statistics in the base AND previous pass, AND * - There are less packets this time than the first time and * we didn't reset last time, OR * - There are less packets this time than last time, OR * - There are no statistics on this pass. * * The "and we didn't reset last time" is necessary in the * first branch of the OR because if the base is large and * we reset last time but the constant-resetter-avoidance * code kicked in so we delayed the copy of prev to base, * new could still be below base so we trigger the * constant-resetter code even though it was really only * a single reset. */ res = ((b->tr_pktcnt != 0xFFFFFFFF) && (p->tr_pktcnt != 0xFFFFFFFF) && ((!(*r & BUG_RESET) && ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt) < ntohl(b->tr_pktcnt)) || (ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt) < ntohl(p->tr_pktcnt)) || (n->tr_pktcnt == 0xFFFFFFFF))); if (debug > 2) { printf("\t\tip=%s, r=%d, res=%d\n", inet_fmt(b->tr_inaddr, s1), *r, res); if (res) printf("\t\tbase=%ld, prev=%ld, new=%ld\n", ntohl(b->tr_pktcnt), ntohl(p->tr_pktcnt), ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt)); } if (*r & BUG_RESET) { if (res || (*r & BUG_RESET2X)) { /* * This router appears to be a 3.4 with that nasty ol' * neighbor version bug, which causes it to constantly * reset. Just nuke the statistics for this node, and * don't even bother giving it the benefit of the * doubt from now on. */ p->tr_pktcnt = b->tr_pktcnt = n->tr_pktcnt; *r |= BUG_RESET2X; } else { /* * This is simply the situation that the original * fixup_stats was meant to deal with -- that a * 3.3 or 3.4 router deleted a cache entry while * traffic was still active. */ *r &= ~BUG_RESET; cleanup = 1; } } else if (res) *r |= BUG_RESET; } if (cleanup == 0) return; /* * If some hop reset its counters and didn't continue to * reset, then we pretend that the previous * trace was the first one. */ rno = base->len; b = base->resps + rno; p = prev->resps + rno; while (--rno >= 0) (--b)->tr_pktcnt = (--p)->tr_pktcnt; base->qtime = prev->qtime; base->rtime = prev->rtime; } /* * Check per-source losses along path and compare with threshold. */ int check_thresh(thresh, base, prev, new) int thresh; struct resp_buf *base, *prev, *new; { int rno = base->len - 1; struct tr_resp *b = base->resps + rno; struct tr_resp *p = prev->resps + rno; struct tr_resp *n = new->resps + rno; int g_out, g_lost; while (TRUE) { if ((n->tr_inaddr != b->tr_inaddr) || (n->tr_outaddr != b->tr_outaddr) || (n->tr_rmtaddr != b->tr_rmtaddr)) return 1; /* Route changed */ if (rno-- < 1) break; g_out = ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(p->tr_pktcnt); b--; n--; p--; g_lost = g_out - (ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(p->tr_pktcnt)); if (g_out && ((g_lost * 100 + (g_out >> 1))/ g_out) > thresh) { return TRUE; } } return FALSE; } /* * Print responses with statistics for forward path (from src to dst) */ int print_stats(base, prev, new, bugs, names) struct resp_buf *base, *prev, *new; int *bugs; char **names; { int rtt, hop; char *ms; u_int32 smask; int rno = base->len - 1; struct tr_resp *b = base->resps + rno; struct tr_resp *p = prev->resps + rno; struct tr_resp *n = new->resps + rno; int *r = bugs + rno; u_long resptime = new->rtime; u_long qarrtime = ntohl(n->tr_qarr); u_int ttl = MaX(1, n->tr_fttl) + 1; int first = (base == prev); VAL_TO_MASK(smask, b->tr_smask); printf(" Source Response Dest "); if (tunstats) printf("Packet Statistics For Only For Traffic\n"); else printf("Overall Packet Statistics For Traffic From\n"); (void)inet_fmt(base->qhdr.tr_src, s1); printf("%-15s %-15s ", ((b->tr_inaddr & smask) == (base->qhdr.tr_src & smask)) ? s1 : " * * * ", inet_fmt(base->qhdr.tr_raddr, s2)); (void)inet_fmt(base->igmp.igmp_group.s_addr, s2); if (tunstats) printf("All Multicast Traffic From %s\n", s1); else printf("Packet %s To %s\n", s1, s2); rtt = t_diff(resptime, new->qtime); ms = scale(&rtt); printf(" %c __/ rtt%5d%s ", (first && !verbose) ? 'v' : '|', rtt, ms); if (tunstats) printf("Lost/Sent = Pct Rate To %s\n", s2); else printf(" Rate Lost/Sent = Pct Rate\n"); if (!first || verbose) { hop = t_diff(resptime, qarrtime); ms = scale(&hop); printf(" v / hop%5d%s ", hop, ms); if (tunstats) printf("--------------------- --------------------\n"); else printf("------- ---------------------\n"); } if ((b->tr_inaddr & smask) != (base->qhdr.tr_src & smask) && b->tr_rmtaddr != 0) { printf("%-15s %-14s is the previous hop\n", inet_fmt(b->tr_rmtaddr, s1), inet_name(b->tr_rmtaddr)); printf(" v ^\n"); } if (debug > 2) { printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ", (long)ntohl(n->tr_vifin)); printf("v_out: %ld ", (long)ntohl(n->tr_vifout)); printf("pkts: %ld\n", (long)ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt)); printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ", (long)ntohl(b->tr_vifin)); printf("v_out: %ld ", (long)ntohl(b->tr_vifout)); printf("pkts: %ld\n", (long)ntohl(b->tr_pktcnt)); printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ", (long)(ntohl(n->tr_vifin) - ntohl(b->tr_vifin))); printf("v_out: %ld ", (long)(ntohl(n->tr_vifout) - ntohl(b->tr_vifout))); printf("pkts: %ld\n", (long)(ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(b->tr_pktcnt))); printf("\t\t\t\treset: %x hoptime: %lx\n", *r, (long)ntohl(n->tr_qarr)); } while (TRUE) { if ((n->tr_inaddr != b->tr_inaddr) || (n->tr_outaddr != b->tr_outaddr) || (n->tr_rmtaddr != b->tr_rmtaddr)) return 1; /* Route changed */ if ((n->tr_inaddr != n->tr_outaddr) && n->tr_inaddr) printf("%-15s\n", inet_fmt(n->tr_inaddr, s1)); printf("%-15s %-14s %s%s\n", inet_fmt(n->tr_outaddr, s1), names[rno], flag_type(n->tr_rflags), (*r & BUG_NOPRINT) ? " [reset counters]" : ""); if (rno-- < 1) break; printf(" %c ^ ttl%5d ", (first && !verbose) ? 'v' : '|', ttl); stat_line(p, n, TRUE, r); if (!first || verbose) { resptime = qarrtime; qarrtime = ntohl((n-1)->tr_qarr); hop = t_diff(resptime, qarrtime); ms = scale(&hop); printf(" v | hop%5d%s", hop, ms); if (first) printf("\n"); else stat_line(b, n, TRUE, r); } --b, --p, --n, --r; ttl = MaX(ttl, MaX(1, n->tr_fttl) + base->len - rno); } printf(" %c \\__ ttl%5d ", (first && !verbose) ? 'v' : '|', ttl); stat_line(p, n, FALSE, r); if (!first || verbose) { hop = t_diff(qarrtime, new->qtime); ms = scale(&hop); printf(" v \\ hop%5d%s", hop, ms); if (first) printf("\n"); else stat_line(b, n, FALSE, r); } printf("%-15s %s\n", inet_fmt(base->qhdr.tr_dst, s1), !passive ? inet_fmt(lcl_addr, s2) : " * * * "); printf(" Receiver Query Source\n\n"); return 0; } /* * Determine whether or not the path has changed. */ int path_changed(base, new) struct resp_buf *base, *new; { int rno = base->len - 1; struct tr_resp *b = base->resps + rno; struct tr_resp *n = new->resps + rno; while (rno-- >= 0) { if ((n->tr_inaddr != b->tr_inaddr) || (n->tr_outaddr != b->tr_outaddr) || (n->tr_rmtaddr != b->tr_rmtaddr)) return 1; /* Route changed */ if ((b->tr_rflags == TR_NO_RTE) && (n->tr_rflags != TR_NO_RTE)) return 1; /* Route got longer? */ --n; --b; } return 0; } /*************************************************************************** * main ***************************************************************************/ int main(argc, argv) int argc; char *argv[]; { int udp; struct sockaddr_in addr; int addrlen = sizeof(addr); int recvlen; struct timeval tv; struct resp_buf *prev, *new; struct tr_resp *r; u_int32 smask; int rno; int hops, nexthop, tries; u_int32 lastout = 0; int numstats = 1; int waittime; int seed; int hopbyhop; int i; int printed = 1; if (geteuid() != 0) errx(1, "must be root"); /* * We might get spawned by vat with the audio device open. * Close everything but stdin, stdout, stderr. */ for (i = 3; i < 255; i++) close(i); init_igmp(); setuid(getuid()); argv++, argc--; if (argc == 0) usage(); while (argc > 0 && *argv[0] == '-') { char *p = *argv++; argc--; p++; do { char c = *p++; char *arg = (char *) 0; if (isdigit(*p)) { arg = p; p = ""; } else if (argc > 0) arg = argv[0]; switch (c) { case 'd': /* Unlisted debug print option */ if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) { debug = atoi(arg); if (debug < 0) debug = 0; if (debug > 3) debug = 3; if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--; break; } else usage(); case 'M': /* Use multicast for reponse */ multicast = TRUE; break; case 'U': /* Use unicast for response */ unicast = TRUE; break; case 'L': /* Trace w/ loss threshold */ if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) { lossthresh = atoi(arg); if (lossthresh < 0) lossthresh = 0; numstats = 3153600; if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--; break; } else usage(); break; case 'O': /* Don't use IP options */ sendopts = FALSE; break; case 'P': /* Just watch the path */ printstats = FALSE; numstats = 3153600; break; case 'Q': /* (undoc.) always use this QID */ if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) { staticqid = atoi(arg); if (staticqid < 0) staticqid = 0; if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--; break; } else usage(); break; case 'T': /* Print confusing tunnel stats */ tunstats = TRUE; break; case 'W': /* Cisco's "weak" mtrace */ weak = TRUE; break; case 'V': /* Print version and exit */ /* * FreeBSD wants to have its own Id string, so * determination of the version number has to change. * XXX Note that this must be changed by hand on importing * XXX new versions! */ { char *r = strdup(rcsid); char *s = strchr(r, ','); while (s && *(s+1) != 'v') s = strchr(s + 1, ','); if (s) { char *q; s += 3; /* , v sp */ q = strchr(s, ' '); if (q) *q = '\0'; fprintf(stderr, "mtrace version 5.2/%s\n", s); } else { fprintf(stderr, "mtrace could not determine version number!?\n"); } exit(1); } break; case 'l': /* Loop updating stats indefinitely */ numstats = 3153600; break; case 'n': /* Don't reverse map host addresses */ numeric = TRUE; break; case 'p': /* Passive listen for traces */ passive = TRUE; break; case 'v': /* Verbosity */ verbose = TRUE; break; case 's': /* Short form, don't wait for stats */ numstats = 0; break; case 'w': /* Time to wait for packet arrival */ if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) { timeout = atoi(arg); if (timeout < 1) timeout = 1; if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--; break; } else usage(); case 'f': /* first hop */ if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) { qno = atoi(arg); if (qno > MAXHOPS) qno = MAXHOPS; else if (qno < 1) qno = 0; if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--; fflag++; break; } else usage(); case 'm': /* Max number of hops to trace */ if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) { qno = atoi(arg); if (qno > MAXHOPS) qno = MAXHOPS; else if (qno < 1) qno = 0; if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--; break; } else usage(); case 'q': /* Number of query retries */ if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) { nqueries = atoi(arg); if (nqueries < 1) nqueries = 1; if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--; break; } else usage(); case 'g': /* Last-hop gateway (dest of query) */ if (arg && (gwy = host_addr(arg))) { if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--; break; } else usage(); case 't': /* TTL for query packet */ if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) { qttl = atoi(arg); if (qttl < 1) qttl = 1; rttl = qttl; if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--; break; } else usage(); case 'e': /* Extra hops past non-responder */ if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) { extrahops = atoi(arg); if (extrahops < 0) extrahops = 0; if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--; break; } else usage(); case 'r': /* Dest for response packet */ if (arg && (raddr = host_addr(arg))) { if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--; break; } else usage(); case 'i': /* Local interface address */ if (arg && (lcl_addr = host_addr(arg))) { if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--; break; } else usage(); case 'S': /* Stat accumulation interval */ if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) { statint = atoi(arg); if (statint < 1) statint = 1; if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--; break; } else usage(); default: usage(); } } while (*p); } if (argc > 0 && (qsrc = host_addr(argv[0]))) { /* Source of path */ if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(qsrc))) { if (gwy) { /* Should probably rewrite arg parsing at some point, as * this makes "mtrace -g foo 224.1.2.3 224.2.3.4" valid!... */ qgrp = qsrc; qsrc = 0; } else { usage(); } } argv++, argc--; if (argc > 0 && (qdst = host_addr(argv[0]))) { /* Dest of path */ argv++, argc--; if (argc > 0 && (qgrp = host_addr(argv[0]))) { /* Path via group */ argv++, argc--; } if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(qdst))) { u_int32 temp = qdst; qdst = qgrp; qgrp = temp; if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(qdst))) usage(); } else if (qgrp && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(qgrp))) usage(); } } if (passive) { passive_mode(); return(0); } if (argc > 0) { usage(); } #ifdef SUNOS5 if (sendopts) checkforsolarisbug(); #endif /* * Set useful defaults for as many parameters as possible. */ defgrp = 0; /* Default to no group */ query_cast = htonl(0xE0000002); /* All routers multicast addr */ resp_cast = htonl(0xE0000120); /* Mtrace response multicast addr */ if (qgrp == 0) { if (!weak) qgrp = defgrp; if (printstats && numstats != 0 && !tunstats) { /* Stats are useless without a group */ warnx( "WARNING: no multicast group specified, so no statistics printed"); numstats = 0; } } else { if (weak) warnx( "WARNING: group was specified so not performing \"weak\" mtrace"); } /* * Get default local address for multicasts to use in setting defaults. */ addr.sin_family = AF_INET; #if (defined(BSD) && (BSD >= 199103)) addr.sin_len = sizeof(addr); #endif addr.sin_addr.s_addr = qgrp ? qgrp : query_cast; addr.sin_port = htons(2000); /* Any port above 1024 will do */ /* * Note that getsockname() can return 0 on some systems * (notably SunOS 5.x, x < 6). This is taken care of in * get_netmask(). If the default multicast interface (set * with the route for 224.0.0.0) is not the same as the * hostname, mtrace -i [if_addr] will have to be used. */ if (((udp = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) || (connect(udp, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) || getsockname(udp, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, &addrlen) < 0) err(-1, "determining local address"); #ifdef SUNOS5 /* * SunOS 5.X prior to SunOS 2.6, getsockname returns 0 for udp socket. * This call to sysinfo will return the hostname. * If the default multicast interfface (set with the route * for 224.0.0.0) is not the same as the hostname, * mtrace -i [if_addr] will have to be used. */ if (addr.sin_addr.s_addr == 0) { char myhostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; struct hostent *hp; int error; error = sysinfo(SI_HOSTNAME, myhostname, sizeof(myhostname)); if (error == -1) err(1, "getting my hostname"); hp = gethostbyname(myhostname); if (hp == NULL || hp->h_addrtype != AF_INET || hp->h_length != sizeof(addr.sin_addr)) err(1, "finding IP address for my hostname"); memcpy((char *)&addr.sin_addr.s_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length); } #endif /* * Default destination for path to be queried is the local host. * When gateway specified, default destination is that gateway * and default source is local host. */ if (qdst == 0) { qdst = lcl_addr ? lcl_addr : addr.sin_addr.s_addr; dst_netmask = get_netmask(udp, &qdst); if (gwy && (gwy & dst_netmask) != (qdst & dst_netmask) && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(gwy))) qdst = gwy; } if (qsrc == 0 && gwy) qsrc = lcl_addr ? lcl_addr : addr.sin_addr.s_addr; if (qsrc == 0) usage(); if (!dst_netmask) dst_netmask = get_netmask(udp, &qdst); close(udp); if (lcl_addr == 0) lcl_addr = addr.sin_addr.s_addr; /* * Initialize the seed for random query identifiers. */ gettimeofday(&tv, 0); seed = tv.tv_usec ^ lcl_addr; #ifdef SYSV srand48(seed); #else srandom(seed); #endif /* * Protect against unicast queries to mrouted versions that might crash. * Also use the obsolete "can mtrace" neighbor bit to warn about * older implementations. */ if (gwy && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(gwy))) if (send_recv(gwy, IGMP_DVMRP, DVMRP_ASK_NEIGHBORS2, 1, &incr[0], NULL)) { int flags = ntohl(incr[0].igmp.igmp_group.s_addr); int version = flags & 0xFFFF; int info = (flags & 0xFF0000) >> 16; if (version == 0x0303 || version == 0x0503) { printf("Don't use -g to address an mrouted 3.%d, it might crash\n", (version >> 8) & 0xFF); exit(0); } if ((info & 0x08) == 0) { printf("mtrace: "); print_host(gwy); printf(" probably doesn't support mtrace, trying anyway...\n"); } } printf("Mtrace from %s to %s via group %s\n", inet_fmt(qsrc, s1), inet_fmt(qdst, s2), inet_fmt(qgrp, s3)); if ((qdst & dst_netmask) == (qsrc & dst_netmask)) fprintf(stderr, "mtrace: Source & receiver appear to be directly connected\n"); /* * If the response is to be a multicast address, make sure we * are listening on that multicast address. */ if (raddr) { if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(raddr))) k_join(raddr, lcl_addr); } else k_join(resp_cast, lcl_addr); memset(&base, 0, sizeof(base)); /* * If the destination is on the local net, the last-hop router can * be found by multicast to the all-routers multicast group. * Otherwise, use the group address that is the subject of the * query since by definition the last-hop router will be a member. * Set default TTLs for local remote multicasts. */ if (gwy == 0) if ((qdst & dst_netmask) == (lcl_addr & dst_netmask)) tdst = query_cast; else tdst = qgrp; else tdst = gwy; if (tdst == 0 && qgrp == 0) errx(1, "mtrace: weak mtrace requires -g if destination is not local.\n"); if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(tdst))) { k_set_loop(1); /* If I am running on a router, I need to hear this */ if (tdst == query_cast) k_set_ttl(qttl ? qttl : 1); else k_set_ttl(qttl ? qttl : MULTICAST_TTL1); } /* * Try a query at the requested number of hops or MAXHOPS if unspecified. */ if (qno == 0) { hops = MAXHOPS; tries = 1; printf("Querying full reverse path... "); fflush(stdout); } else { hops = qno; tries = nqueries; if (fflag) printf("Querying full reverse path, starting at hop %d...", qno); else printf("Querying reverse path, maximum %d hops... ", qno); fflush(stdout); } base.rtime = 0; base.len = 0; hopbyhop = FALSE; recvlen = send_recv(tdst, IGMP_MTRACE, hops, tries, &base, mtrace_callback); /* * If the initial query was successful, print it. Otherwise, if * the query max hop count is the default of zero, loop starting * from one until there is no response for extrahops more hops. The * extra hops allow getting past an mtrace-capable mrouter that can't * send multicast packets because all phyints are disabled. */ if (recvlen) { printf("\n 0 "); print_host(qdst); printf("\n"); print_trace(1, &base, names); r = base.resps + base.len - 1; if (r->tr_rflags == TR_OLD_ROUTER || r->tr_rflags == TR_NO_SPACE || (qno != 0 && r->tr_rmtaddr != 0 && !fflag)) { printf("%3d ", -(base.len+1)); what_kind(&base, r->tr_rflags == TR_OLD_ROUTER ? "doesn't support mtrace" : "is the next hop"); } else { if (fflag) { nexthop = hops = qno; goto continuehop; } VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask); if ((r->tr_inaddr & smask) == (qsrc & smask)) { printf("%3d ", -(base.len+1)); print_host(qsrc); printf("\n"); } } } else if (qno == 0) { hopbyhop = TRUE; printf("switching to hop-by-hop:\n 0 "); print_host(qdst); printf("\n"); for (hops = 1, nexthop = 1; hops <= MAXHOPS; ++hops) { printf("%3d ", -hops); fflush(stdout); /* * After a successful first hop, try switching to the unicast * address of the last-hop router instead of multicasting the * trace query. This should be safe for mrouted versions 3.3 * and 3.5 because there is a long route timeout with metric * infinity before a route disappears. Switching to unicast * reduces the amount of multicast traffic and avoids a bug * with duplicate suppression in mrouted 3.5. */ if (hops == 2 && gwy == 0 && lastout != 0 && (recvlen = send_recv(lastout, IGMP_MTRACE, hops, 1, &base, mtrace_callback))) tdst = lastout; else recvlen = send_recv(tdst, IGMP_MTRACE, hops, nqueries, &base, mtrace_callback); if (recvlen == 0) { /*if (hops == 1) break;*/ if (hops == nexthop) { if (hops == 1) { printf("\n"); } else if (what_kind(&base, "didn't respond")) { /* the ask_neighbors determined that the * not-responding router is the first-hop. */ break; } if (extrahops == 0) break; } else if (hops < nexthop + extrahops) { printf("\n"); } else { printf("...giving up\n"); break; } continue; } if (base.len == hops && (hops == 1 || (base.resps+nexthop-2)->tr_outaddr == lastout)) { if (hops == nexthop) { print_trace(-hops, &base, names); } else { printf("\nResuming...\n"); print_trace(nexthop, &base, names); } } else { if (base.len < hops) { /* * A shorter trace than requested means a fatal error * occurred along the path, or that the route changed * to a shorter one. * * If the trace is longer than the last one we received, * then we are resuming from a skipped router (but there * is still probably a problem). * * If the trace is shorter than the last one we * received, then the route must have changed (and * there is still probably a problem). */ if (nexthop <= base.len) { printf("\nResuming...\n"); print_trace(nexthop, &base, names); } else if (nexthop > base.len + 1) { hops = base.len; printf("\nRoute must have changed...\n"); print_trace(1, &base, names); } } else { /* * The last hop address is not the same as it was. * If we didn't know the last hop then we just * got the first response from a hop-by-hop trace; * if we did know the last hop then * the route probably changed underneath us. */ hops = base.len; if (lastout != 0) printf("\nRoute must have changed...\n"); else printf("\nResuming...\n"); print_trace(1, &base, names); } } continuehop: r = base.resps + base.len - 1; lastout = r->tr_outaddr; if (base.len < hops || r->tr_rmtaddr == 0 || (r->tr_rflags & 0x80)) { VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask); if (r->tr_rmtaddr) { if (hops != nexthop) { printf("\n%3d ", -(base.len+1)); } what_kind(&base, r->tr_rflags == TR_OLD_ROUTER ? "doesn't support mtrace" : "would be the next hop"); /* XXX could do segmented trace if TR_NO_SPACE */ } else if (r->tr_rflags == TR_NO_ERR && (r->tr_inaddr & smask) == (qsrc & smask)) { printf("%3d ", -(hops + 1)); print_host(qsrc); printf("\n"); } break; } nexthop = hops + 1; } } if (base.rtime == 0) { printf("Timed out receiving responses\n"); if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(tdst))) if (tdst == query_cast) printf("Perhaps no local router has a route for source %s\n", inet_fmt(qsrc, s1)); else printf("Perhaps receiver %s is not a member of group %s,\n\ or no router local to it has a route for source %s,\n\ or multicast at ttl %d doesn't reach its last-hop router for that source\n", inet_fmt(qdst, s2), inet_fmt(qgrp, s3), inet_fmt(qsrc, s1), qttl ? qttl : MULTICAST_TTL1); exit(1); } printf("Round trip time %d ms; ", t_diff(base.rtime, base.qtime)); { struct tr_resp *n = base.resps + base.len - 1; u_int ttl = n->tr_fttl + 1; rno = base.len - 1; while (--rno > 0) { --n; ttl = MaX(ttl, MaX(1, n->tr_fttl) + base.len - rno); } printf("total ttl of %d required.\n\n",ttl); } /* * Use the saved response which was the longest one received, * and make additional probes after delay to measure loss. */ raddr = base.qhdr.tr_raddr; rttl = TR_GETTTL(base.qhdr.tr_rttlqid); gettimeofday(&tv, 0); waittime = statint - (((tv.tv_sec + JAN_1970) & 0xFFFF) - (base.qtime >> 16)); prev = &base; new = &incr[numstats&1]; /* * Zero out bug-avoidance counters */ memset(bugs, 0, sizeof(bugs)); if (!printstats) printf("Monitoring path.."); while (numstats--) { if (waittime < 1) printf("\n"); else { if (printstats && (lossthresh == 0 || printed)) { printf("Waiting to accumulate statistics..."); } else { printf("."); } fflush(stdout); sleep((unsigned)waittime); } printed = 0; rno = hopbyhop ? base.len : qno ? qno : MAXHOPS; recvlen = send_recv(tdst, IGMP_MTRACE, rno, nqueries, new, mtrace_callback); if (recvlen == 0) { printf("Timed out.\n"); if (numstats) { numstats++; continue; } else exit(1); } if (base.len != new->len || path_changed(&base, new)) { printf("%s", base.len == new->len ? "Route changed" : "Trace length doesn't match"); if (!printstats) printf(" after %d seconds", (int)((new->qtime - base.qtime) >> 16)); printf(":\n"); printandcontinue: print_trace(1, new, names); numstats++; bcopy(new, &base, sizeof(base)); nexthop = hops = new->len; printf("Continuing with hop-by-hop...\n"); goto continuehop; } if (printstats) { if (new->igmp.igmp_group.s_addr != qgrp || new->qhdr.tr_src != qsrc || new->qhdr.tr_dst != qdst) printf("\nWARNING: trace modified en route; statistics may be incorrect\n"); fixup_stats(&base, prev, new, bugs); if ((lossthresh == 0) || check_thresh(lossthresh, &base, prev, new)) { printf("Results after %d seconds", (int)((new->qtime - base.qtime) >> 16)); if (lossthresh) printf(" (this trace %d seconds)", (int)((new->qtime - prev->qtime) >> 16)); if (verbose) { time_t t = time(0); struct tm *qr = localtime(&t); printf(" qid 0x%06x at %2d:%02d:%02d", TR_GETQID(base.qhdr.tr_rttlqid), qr->tm_hour, qr->tm_min, qr->tm_sec); } printf(":\n\n"); printed = 1; if (print_stats(&base, prev, new, bugs, names)) { printf("This should have been detected earlier, but "); printf("Route changed:\n"); goto printandcontinue; } } } prev = new; new = &incr[numstats&1]; waittime = statint; } /* * If the response was multicast back, leave the group */ if (raddr) { if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(raddr))) k_leave(raddr, lcl_addr); } else k_leave(resp_cast, lcl_addr); return (0); } static void usage() { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n", "usage: mtrace [-MUOPTWVlnpvs] [-e extra_hops] [-f first_hop] [-i if_addr]", " [-g gateway] [-m max_hops] [-q nqueries] [-r resp_dest]", " [-S statint] [-t ttl] [-w wait] source [receiver] [group]"); exit(1); } void check_vif_state() { log(LOG_WARNING, errno, "sendto"); } /* * Log errors and other messages to stderr, according to the severity * of the message and the current debug level. For errors of severity * LOG_ERR or worse, terminate the program. */ #ifdef __STDC__ void log(int severity, int syserr, char *format, ...) { va_list ap; char fmt[100]; va_start(ap, format); #else /*VARARGS3*/ void log(severity, syserr, format, va_alist) int severity, syserr; char *format; va_dcl { va_list ap; char fmt[100]; va_start(ap); #endif switch (debug) { case 0: if (severity > LOG_WARNING) return; case 1: if (severity > LOG_NOTICE) return; case 2: if (severity > LOG_INFO ) return; default: fmt[0] = '\0'; if (severity == LOG_WARNING) strcpy(fmt, "warning - "); strncat(fmt, format, sizeof(fmt)-strlen(fmt)); fmt[sizeof(fmt)-1]='\0'; vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap); if (syserr == 0) fprintf(stderr, "\n"); else if (syserr < sys_nerr) fprintf(stderr, ": %s\n", sys_errlist[syserr]); else fprintf(stderr, ": errno %d\n", syserr); } if (severity <= LOG_ERR) exit(1); }