/* * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software * must display the following acknowledgement: * This product includes software developed by the University of * California, Berkeley and its contributors. * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software * without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. */ #include __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$"); #ifndef lint static const char copyright[] = "@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993\n\ The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; #endif #ifndef lint static const char sccsid[] = "@(#)vmstat.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93"; #endif #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include static char da[] = "da"; static struct nlist namelist[] = { #define X_CPTIME 0 { "_cp_time" }, #define X_SUM 1 { "_cnt" }, #define X_BOOTTIME 2 { "_boottime" }, #define X_HZ 3 { "_hz" }, #define X_STATHZ 4 { "_stathz" }, #define X_NCHSTATS 5 { "_nchstats" }, #define X_INTRNAMES 6 { "_intrnames" }, #define X_EINTRNAMES 7 { "_eintrnames" }, #define X_INTRCNT 8 { "_intrcnt" }, #define X_EINTRCNT 9 { "_eintrcnt" }, #ifdef notyet #define X_DEFICIT 10 { "_deficit" }, #define X_REC 11 { "_rectime" }, #define X_PGIN 12 { "_pgintime" }, #define X_XSTATS 13 { "_xstats" }, #define X_END 14 #else #define X_END 10 #endif { "" }, }; struct statinfo cur, last; int num_devices, maxshowdevs; long generation; struct device_selection *dev_select; int num_selected; struct devstat_match *matches; int num_matches = 0; int num_devices_specified, num_selections; long select_generation; char **specified_devices; devstat_select_mode select_mode; struct vmmeter sum, osum; int winlines = 20; int nflag = 0; kvm_t *kd; #define FORKSTAT 0x01 #define INTRSTAT 0x02 #define MEMSTAT 0x04 #define SUMSTAT 0x08 #define TIMESTAT 0x10 #define VMSTAT 0x20 #define ZMEMSTAT 0x40 static void cpustats(void); static void devstats(void); static void doforkst(void); static void domem(void); static void dointr(void); static void dosum(void); static void dosysctl(char *); static void dovmstat(u_int, int); static void dozmem(void); static void kread(int, void *, size_t); static void needhdr(int); static void printhdr(void); static void usage(void); static long pct(long, long); static long getuptime(void); char **getdrivedata(char **); int main(argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { int c, todo; u_int interval; int reps; char *memf, *nlistf; char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX]; memf = nlistf = NULL; interval = reps = todo = 0; maxshowdevs = 2; while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "c:fiM:mN:n:p:stw:z")) != -1) { switch (c) { case 'c': reps = atoi(optarg); break; case 'f': todo |= FORKSTAT; break; case 'i': todo |= INTRSTAT; break; case 'M': memf = optarg; break; case 'm': todo |= MEMSTAT; break; case 'N': nlistf = optarg; break; case 'n': nflag = 1; maxshowdevs = atoi(optarg); if (maxshowdevs < 0) errx(1, "number of devices %d is < 0", maxshowdevs); break; case 'p': if (devstat_buildmatch(optarg, &matches, &num_matches) != 0) errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf); break; case 's': todo |= SUMSTAT; break; case 't': #ifdef notyet todo |= TIMESTAT; #else errx(EX_USAGE, "sorry, -t is not (re)implemented yet"); #endif break; case 'w': interval = atoi(optarg); break; case 'z': todo |= ZMEMSTAT; break; case '?': default: usage(); } } argc -= optind; argv += optind; if (todo == 0) todo = VMSTAT; /* * Discard setgid privileges if not the running kernel so that bad * guys can't print interesting stuff from kernel memory. */ if (nlistf != NULL || memf != NULL) setgid(getgid()); kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf); if (kd == 0) errx(1, "kvm_openfiles: %s", errbuf); setgid(getgid()); if ((c = kvm_nlist(kd, namelist)) != 0) { if (c > 0) { warnx("undefined symbols:"); for (c = 0; c < (int)(sizeof(namelist)/sizeof(namelist[0])); c++) if (namelist[c].n_type == 0) (void)fprintf(stderr, " %s", namelist[c].n_name); (void)fputc('\n', stderr); } else warnx("kvm_nlist: %s", kvm_geterr(kd)); exit(1); } if (todo & VMSTAT) { struct winsize winsize; /* * Make sure that the userland devstat version matches the * kernel devstat version. If not, exit and print a * message informing the user of his mistake. */ if (devstat_checkversion(NULL) < 0) errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf); argv = getdrivedata(argv); winsize.ws_row = 0; (void) ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&winsize); if (winsize.ws_row > 0) winlines = winsize.ws_row; } #define BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY #ifdef BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY if (*argv) { interval = atoi(*argv); if (*++argv) reps = atoi(*argv); } #endif if (interval) { if (!reps) reps = -1; } else if (reps) interval = 1; if (todo & FORKSTAT) doforkst(); if (todo & MEMSTAT) domem(); if (todo & ZMEMSTAT) dozmem(); if (todo & SUMSTAT) dosum(); #ifdef notyet if (todo & TIMESTAT) dotimes(); #endif if (todo & INTRSTAT) dointr(); if (todo & VMSTAT) dovmstat(interval, reps); exit(0); } char ** getdrivedata(argv) char **argv; { if ((num_devices = devstat_getnumdevs(NULL)) < 0) errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf); cur.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo)); last.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo)); bzero(cur.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo)); bzero(last.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo)); if (devstat_getdevs(NULL, &cur) == -1) errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf); num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs; generation = cur.dinfo->generation; specified_devices = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *)); for (num_devices_specified = 0; *argv; ++argv) { if (isdigit(**argv)) break; num_devices_specified++; specified_devices = (char **)realloc(specified_devices, sizeof(char *) * num_devices_specified); specified_devices[num_devices_specified - 1] = *argv; } dev_select = NULL; if (nflag == 0 && maxshowdevs < num_devices_specified) maxshowdevs = num_devices_specified; /* * People are generally only interested in disk statistics when * they're running vmstat. So, that's what we're going to give * them if they don't specify anything by default. We'll also give * them any other random devices in the system so that we get to * maxshowdevs devices, if that many devices exist. If the user * specifies devices on the command line, either through a pattern * match or by naming them explicitly, we will give the user only * those devices. */ if ((num_devices_specified == 0) && (num_matches == 0)) { if (devstat_buildmatch(da, &matches, &num_matches) != 0) errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf); select_mode = DS_SELECT_ADD; } else select_mode = DS_SELECT_ONLY; /* * At this point, selectdevs will almost surely indicate that the * device list has changed, so we don't look for return values of 0 * or 1. If we get back -1, though, there is an error. */ if (devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected, &num_selections, &select_generation, generation, cur.dinfo->devices, num_devices, matches, num_matches, specified_devices, num_devices_specified, select_mode, maxshowdevs, 0) == -1) errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf); return(argv); } long getuptime() { static struct timeval boottime; static time_t now; time_t uptime; if (boottime.tv_sec == 0) kread(X_BOOTTIME, &boottime, sizeof(boottime)); (void)time(&now); uptime = now - boottime.tv_sec; if (uptime <= 0 || uptime > 60*60*24*365*10) errx(1, "time makes no sense; namelist must be wrong"); return(uptime); } int hz, hdrcnt; void dovmstat(interval, reps) u_int interval; int reps; { struct vmtotal total; time_t uptime, halfuptime; struct devinfo *tmp_dinfo; int mib[2]; size_t size; uptime = getuptime(); halfuptime = uptime / 2; (void)signal(SIGCONT, needhdr); if (namelist[X_STATHZ].n_type != 0 && namelist[X_STATHZ].n_value != 0) kread(X_STATHZ, &hz, sizeof(hz)); if (!hz) kread(X_HZ, &hz, sizeof(hz)); for (hdrcnt = 1;;) { if (!--hdrcnt) printhdr(); kread(X_CPTIME, cur.cp_time, sizeof(cur.cp_time)); tmp_dinfo = last.dinfo; last.dinfo = cur.dinfo; cur.dinfo = tmp_dinfo; last.snap_time = cur.snap_time; /* * Here what we want to do is refresh our device stats. * getdevs() returns 1 when the device list has changed. * If the device list has changed, we want to go through * the selection process again, in case a device that we * were previously displaying has gone away. */ switch (devstat_getdevs(NULL, &cur)) { case -1: errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf); break; case 1: { int retval; num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs; generation = cur.dinfo->generation; retval = devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected, &num_selections, &select_generation, generation, cur.dinfo->devices, num_devices, matches, num_matches, specified_devices, num_devices_specified, select_mode, maxshowdevs, 0); switch (retval) { case -1: errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf); break; case 1: printhdr(); break; default: break; } } default: break; } kread(X_SUM, &sum, sizeof(sum)); size = sizeof(total); mib[0] = CTL_VM; mib[1] = VM_TOTAL; if (sysctl(mib, 2, &total, &size, NULL, 0) < 0) { (void)printf("Can't get kerninfo: %s\n", strerror(errno)); bzero(&total, sizeof(total)); } (void)printf("%2d %1d %1d", total.t_rq - 1, total.t_dw + total.t_pw, total.t_sw); #define vmstat_pgtok(a) ((a) * sum.v_page_size >> 10) #define rate(x) (((x) + halfuptime) / uptime) /* round */ (void)printf(" %7ld %6ld ", (long)vmstat_pgtok(total.t_avm), (long)vmstat_pgtok(total.t_free)); (void)printf("%4lu ", (u_long)rate(sum.v_vm_faults - osum.v_vm_faults)); (void)printf("%3lu ", (u_long)rate(sum.v_reactivated - osum.v_reactivated)); (void)printf("%3lu ", (u_long)rate(sum.v_swapin + sum.v_vnodein - (osum.v_swapin + osum.v_vnodein))); (void)printf("%3lu ", (u_long)rate(sum.v_swapout + sum.v_vnodeout - (osum.v_swapout + osum.v_vnodeout))); (void)printf("%3lu ", (u_long)rate(sum.v_tfree - osum.v_tfree)); (void)printf("%3lu ", (u_long)rate(sum.v_pdpages - osum.v_pdpages)); devstats(); (void)printf("%4lu %4lu %3lu ", (u_long)rate(sum.v_intr - osum.v_intr), (u_long)rate(sum.v_syscall - osum.v_syscall), (u_long)rate(sum.v_swtch - osum.v_swtch)); cpustats(); (void)printf("\n"); (void)fflush(stdout); if (reps >= 0 && --reps <= 0) break; osum = sum; uptime = interval; /* * We round upward to avoid losing low-frequency events * (i.e., >= 1 per interval but < 1 per second). */ if (interval != 1) halfuptime = (uptime + 1) / 2; else halfuptime = 0; (void)sleep(interval); } } void printhdr() { int i, num_shown; num_shown = (num_selected < maxshowdevs) ? num_selected : maxshowdevs; (void)printf(" procs memory page%*s", 19, ""); if (num_shown > 1) (void)printf(" disks %*s", num_shown * 4 - 7, ""); else if (num_shown == 1) (void)printf("disk"); (void)printf(" faults cpu\n"); (void)printf(" r b w avm fre flt re pi po fr sr "); for (i = 0; i < num_devices; i++) if ((dev_select[i].selected) && (dev_select[i].selected <= maxshowdevs)) (void)printf("%c%c%d ", dev_select[i].device_name[0], dev_select[i].device_name[1], dev_select[i].unit_number); (void)printf(" in sy cs us sy id\n"); hdrcnt = winlines - 2; } /* * Force a header to be prepended to the next output. */ void needhdr(dummy) int dummy __unused; { hdrcnt = 1; } #ifdef notyet void dotimes() { u_int pgintime, rectime; kread(X_REC, &rectime, sizeof(rectime)); kread(X_PGIN, &pgintime, sizeof(pgintime)); kread(X_SUM, &sum, sizeof(sum)); (void)printf("%u reclaims, %u total time (usec)\n", sum.v_pgrec, rectime); (void)printf("average: %u usec / reclaim\n", rectime / sum.v_pgrec); (void)printf("\n"); (void)printf("%u page ins, %u total time (msec)\n", sum.v_pgin, pgintime / 10); (void)printf("average: %8.1f msec / page in\n", pgintime / (sum.v_pgin * 10.0)); } #endif long pct(top, bot) long top, bot; { long ans; if (bot == 0) return(0); ans = (quad_t)top * 100 / bot; return (ans); } #define PCT(top, bot) pct((long)(top), (long)(bot)) void dosum() { struct nchstats lnchstats; long nchtotal; kread(X_SUM, &sum, sizeof(sum)); (void)printf("%9u cpu context switches\n", sum.v_swtch); (void)printf("%9u device interrupts\n", sum.v_intr); (void)printf("%9u software interrupts\n", sum.v_soft); (void)printf("%9u traps\n", sum.v_trap); (void)printf("%9u system calls\n", sum.v_syscall); (void)printf("%9u kernel threads created\n", sum.v_kthreads); (void)printf("%9u fork() calls\n", sum.v_forks); (void)printf("%9u vfork() calls\n", sum.v_vforks); (void)printf("%9u rfork() calls\n", sum.v_rforks); (void)printf("%9u swap pager pageins\n", sum.v_swapin); (void)printf("%9u swap pager pages paged in\n", sum.v_swappgsin); (void)printf("%9u swap pager pageouts\n", sum.v_swapout); (void)printf("%9u swap pager pages paged out\n", sum.v_swappgsout); (void)printf("%9u vnode pager pageins\n", sum.v_vnodein); (void)printf("%9u vnode pager pages paged in\n", sum.v_vnodepgsin); (void)printf("%9u vnode pager pageouts\n", sum.v_vnodeout); (void)printf("%9u vnode pager pages paged out\n", sum.v_vnodepgsout); (void)printf("%9u page daemon wakeups\n", sum.v_pdwakeups); (void)printf("%9u pages examined by the page daemon\n", sum.v_pdpages); (void)printf("%9u pages reactivated\n", sum.v_reactivated); (void)printf("%9u copy-on-write faults\n", sum.v_cow_faults); (void)printf("%9u copy-on-write optimized faults\n", sum.v_cow_optim); (void)printf("%9u zero fill pages zeroed\n", sum.v_zfod); (void)printf("%9u zero fill pages prezeroed\n", sum.v_ozfod); (void)printf("%9u intransit blocking page faults\n", sum.v_intrans); (void)printf("%9u total VM faults taken\n", sum.v_vm_faults); (void)printf("%9u pages affected by kernel thread creation\n", sum.v_kthreadpages); (void)printf("%9u pages affected by fork()\n", sum.v_forkpages); (void)printf("%9u pages affected by vfork()\n", sum.v_vforkpages); (void)printf("%9u pages affected by rfork()\n", sum.v_rforkpages); (void)printf("%9u pages freed\n", sum.v_tfree); (void)printf("%9u pages freed by daemon\n", sum.v_dfree); (void)printf("%9u pages freed by exiting processes\n", sum.v_pfree); (void)printf("%9u pages active\n", sum.v_active_count); (void)printf("%9u pages inactive\n", sum.v_inactive_count); (void)printf("%9u pages in VM cache\n", sum.v_cache_count); (void)printf("%9u pages wired down\n", sum.v_wire_count); (void)printf("%9u pages free\n", sum.v_free_count); (void)printf("%9u bytes per page\n", sum.v_page_size); kread(X_NCHSTATS, &lnchstats, sizeof(lnchstats)); nchtotal = lnchstats.ncs_goodhits + lnchstats.ncs_neghits + lnchstats.ncs_badhits + lnchstats.ncs_falsehits + lnchstats.ncs_miss + lnchstats.ncs_long; (void)printf("%9ld total name lookups\n", nchtotal); (void)printf( "%9s cache hits (%ld%% pos + %ld%% neg) system %ld%% per-directory\n", "", PCT(lnchstats.ncs_goodhits, nchtotal), PCT(lnchstats.ncs_neghits, nchtotal), PCT(lnchstats.ncs_pass2, nchtotal)); (void)printf("%9s deletions %ld%%, falsehits %ld%%, toolong %ld%%\n", "", PCT(lnchstats.ncs_badhits, nchtotal), PCT(lnchstats.ncs_falsehits, nchtotal), PCT(lnchstats.ncs_long, nchtotal)); } void doforkst() { kread(X_SUM, &sum, sizeof(sum)); (void)printf("%d forks, %d pages, average %.2f\n", sum.v_forks, sum.v_forkpages, sum.v_forks == 0 ? 0.0 : (double)sum.v_forkpages / sum.v_forks); (void)printf("%d vforks, %d pages, average %.2f\n", sum.v_vforks, sum.v_vforkpages, sum.v_vforks == 0 ? 0.0 : (double)sum.v_vforkpages / sum.v_vforks); (void)printf("%d rforks, %d pages, average %.2f\n", sum.v_rforks, sum.v_rforkpages, sum.v_rforks == 0 ? 0.0 : (double)sum.v_rforkpages / sum.v_rforks); } static void devstats() { int dn, state; long double transfers_per_second; long double busy_seconds; long tmp; for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state) { tmp = cur.cp_time[state]; cur.cp_time[state] -= last.cp_time[state]; last.cp_time[state] = tmp; } busy_seconds = cur.snap_time - last.snap_time; for (dn = 0; dn < num_devices; dn++) { int di; if ((dev_select[dn].selected == 0) || (dev_select[dn].selected > maxshowdevs)) continue; di = dev_select[dn].position; if (devstat_compute_statistics(&cur.dinfo->devices[di], &last.dinfo->devices[di], busy_seconds, DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND, &transfers_per_second, DSM_NONE) != 0) errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf); (void)printf("%3.0Lf ", transfers_per_second); } } void cpustats() { int state; double lpct, total; total = 0; for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state) total += cur.cp_time[state]; if (total) lpct = 100.0 / total; else lpct = 0.0; (void)printf("%2.0f ", (cur.cp_time[CP_USER] + cur.cp_time[CP_NICE]) * lpct); (void)printf("%2.0f ", (cur.cp_time[CP_SYS] + cur.cp_time[CP_INTR]) * lpct); (void)printf("%2.0f", cur.cp_time[CP_IDLE] * lpct); } void dointr() { u_long *intrcnt, uptime; u_int64_t inttotal; int nintr, inamlen; int i, istrnamlen; size_t clen; char *intrname, *tintrname; uptime = getuptime(); nintr = namelist[X_EINTRCNT].n_value - namelist[X_INTRCNT].n_value; inamlen = namelist[X_EINTRNAMES].n_value - namelist[X_INTRNAMES].n_value; intrcnt = malloc((size_t)nintr); intrname = malloc((size_t)inamlen); if (intrcnt == NULL || intrname == NULL) errx(1, "malloc"); kread(X_INTRCNT, intrcnt, (size_t)nintr); kread(X_INTRNAMES, intrname, (size_t)inamlen); nintr /= sizeof(u_long); tintrname = intrname; istrnamlen = strlen("interrupt"); for (i = 0; i < nintr; i++) { clen = strlen(tintrname); if (clen > istrnamlen) istrnamlen = clen; tintrname += clen + 1; } (void)printf("%-*s %20s %10s\n", istrnamlen, "interrupt", "total", "rate"); inttotal = 0; while (--nintr >= 0) { if (*intrcnt) (void)printf("%-*s %20lu %10lu\n", istrnamlen, intrname, *intrcnt, *intrcnt / uptime); intrname += strlen(intrname) + 1; inttotal += *intrcnt++; } (void)printf("%-*s %20llu %10llu\n", istrnamlen, "Total", inttotal, inttotal / (u_int64_t) uptime); } void domem(void) { dosysctl("kern.malloc"); } void dozmem(void) { dosysctl("vm.zone"); } void dosysctl(char *name) { char *buf; size_t bufsize; buf = NULL; bufsize = 1024; for (;;) { if ((buf = realloc(buf, bufsize)) == NULL) err(1, "realloc()"); if (sysctlbyname(name, buf, &bufsize, 0, NULL) == 0) break; if (errno != ENOMEM) err(1, "sysctlbyname()"); bufsize *= 2; } buf[bufsize] = '\0'; /* play it safe */ (void)printf("%s\n\n", buf); free(buf); } /* * kread reads something from the kernel, given its nlist index. */ void kread(nlx, addr, size) int nlx; void *addr; size_t size; { char *sym; if (namelist[nlx].n_type == 0 || namelist[nlx].n_value == 0) { sym = namelist[nlx].n_name; if (*sym == '_') ++sym; errx(1, "symbol %s not defined", sym); } if ((size_t)kvm_read(kd, namelist[nlx].n_value, addr, size) != size) { sym = namelist[nlx].n_name; if (*sym == '_') ++sym; errx(1, "%s: %s", sym, kvm_geterr(kd)); } } void usage() { (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s%s", "usage: vmstat [-imsz] [-c count] [-M core] [-N system] [-w wait]\n", " [-n devs] [disks]\n"); exit(1); }