.\" .\" Copyright (c) 1992, 1993, 1996 .\" Berkeley Software Design, Inc. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by Berkeley Software .\" Design, Inc. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY Berkeley Software Design, Inc. ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL Berkeley Software Design, Inc. BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" BSDI doscmd.1,v 2.3 1996/04/08 19:32:29 bostic Exp .\" $FreeBSD$ .\" .Dd January 30, 1995 .Dt DOSCMD 1 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm doscmd .Nd run a subset of real-mode DOS programs .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm doscmd .Fl 23AbDEfHIMOPRrtVvXxYz .Fl c Ar file .Fl d Ar file .Fl i Ar port Ns Xo .Op : Ns Ar cnt .Xc .Fl o Ar port Ns Xo .Op : Ns Ar cnt .Xc .Fl S Ar int .Fl U Ar int .Op Ar cmd [args ...] .Sh DESCRIPTION .Nm Doscmd can either emulate a subset of DOS and run the single command .Ar cmd .Ar args , or it can be used to emulate a PC and boot DOS, which allows it to run a larger variety of DOS applications. It should be noted that MS DOS 6.2 and higher appear to cause difficulties for .Nm doscmd. To boot DOS, either provide the .Fl b flag or omit the .Ar cmd argument. If .Fl b is specified, .Ar cmd and .Ar args are ignored. .Pp Although .Nm doscmd only provides a subset of DOS, it is sufficient to run a variety of programs, including, but not limited to, compilers, assemblers and linker-loaders. .Pp The various flags available to .Nm doscmd are: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl 2 Enable debugging traces of every trap to the .Nm doscmd emulator from the DOS program. Note that some traps are handled in the kernel and hence will not be traced. .It Fl 3 Enable debugging of several lower level functions, such as changing of interrupt vectors and initializing paths to logical drives. .\" .\" .\" .It Fl A Enable tracing of all interrupts that pass into the emulator. This is the same as using the .Fl S option with all 256 possible interrupt values. .\" .\" .\" .It Fl b Attempt to boot DOS rather than emulate it. .\" .\" .\" .It Fl c Ar file Capture all output directed at the screen into .Ar file . Note that direct screen writes will not be captured. .\" .\" .\" .It Fl C List MS-DOS calls emulated and their return values. .\" .\" .\" .It Fl D Enable debugging of the disk and file operations. .\" .\" .\" .It Fl d Ar file Send the debug output to .Ar file instead of stderr. .\" .\" .\" .It Fl E Enable debugging of the exec routines. .\" .\" .\" .It Fl H Enable tracing of half implemented calls. .\" .\" .\" .It Fl I Enable tracing of all interrupts. Almost the same as .Fl A except a few less traces are turned on. .\" .\" .\" .It Fl i Ar port Ns Xo .Op : Ns Ar cnt .Xc Enable tracing of all inputs requested from the io .Ar port . If .Ar cnt is present, trace from .Ar port to .Ar port+cnt Ns No -1 . .\" .\" .\" .It Fl M Enable debugging of the memory operations. .\" .\" .\" .It Fl O Direct the debugging output to stdout rather than stderr. .\" .\" .\" .It Fl o Ar port Ns Xo .Op : Ns Ar cnt .Xc Enable tracing of all outputs requested from the io .Ar port . If .Ar cnt is present, trace from .Ar port to .Ar port+cnt Ns No -1 . .\" .\" .\" .It Fl p Ar port Ns Xo .Op : Ns Ar cnt .Xc Map the requested io .Ar port (with optional range up to to .Ar port+cnt Ns No -1 ) to the real hardware I/O port(s). This will likely require root privs to access them. .\" .\" .\" .It Fl P Enable tracing of io port calls (such as .Li inb , .Li outb , etc). .\" .\" .\" .It Fl R Enable debugging of the file redirect code. .\" .\" .\" .It Fl r Use the raw keyboard and display. Pressing will cause doscmd to exit. This allows use of VGA graphics. .\" .\" .\" .It Fl S Ar int Enable tracing of the interrupt .Ar int . .\" .\" .\" .It Fl t Attempt to do instruction level tracing. Some instructions confuse the trace. Pressing .Li attempts to toggle the trace mode on and off. .\" .\" .\" .It Fl U Ar int Disable tracing of the interrupt .Ar int . Useful after .Fl A or .Fl I . .\" .\" .\" .It Fl V Include register dumps when reporting unknown interrupts. .\" .\" .\" .It Fl v Same as .Fl AH .\" .\" .\" .It Fl X Enable debugging of the XMS operations. .\" .\" .\" .It Fl x Open an X11 window to display output. This enables a variety interrupts not available otherwise. This can be used with or without .Fl b . .\" .\" .\" .It Fl Y Enable debugging of the EMS operations. .\" .\" .\" .It Fl z Cause .Nm doscmd to pause just prior to jumping to the DOS program. Very little use except for developing .Nm doscmd . .El .Pp When starting up, .Nm doscmd attempts to read a configuration file. First the file .Cm .doscmdrc in the current directory. If not found there, the .Cm $HOME directory is searched. If still not found, the file .Cm /etc/doscmdrc is used. .Pp In the configuration file, a comment is started with the \fB#\fP character. Blank lines are ignored. Non empty lines either are environment variables or commands which configure devices. Any line which has an \fB=\fP before any white space is considered to be an environment variable assignment and is added to the DOS environment. The rest of the lines are one of the following .Bl -tag -width XXXXX .\" .\" .\" .It Cm boot Op Cm A: | C: Set the device to boot from. By default .Cm A: is first tried, if it is defined, and if that fails, .Cm C: is tried. .\" .\" .\" .It Cm assign Xo .Op Cm A-Z : .Op Fl ro .Ar path .Xc Assigns the .Nm BSD/OS directory .Ar path to be assigned as the specified drive. If the .Fl ro flag is specified, it is a read only file system. These assignments will not take place when booting DOS until the .Pa /usr/libdata/doscmd/redir.com binary is run. .\" .\" .\" .It Cm assign Xo .Cm lpt Ns Op Cm 0-4 : .Op Cm direct .Ar path .Op Ar timeout .Xc Attempt to assign the specified printer to .Ar path . If .Ar timeout is specified then use it as the length of time for no activity (in seconds) to indicate that the printer should be flushed. The default is 30 seconds. The .Cm direct option should be set when .Ar path refers to a real printer. .\" .\" .\" .It Cm assign Xo .Op Cm A: | B: .Op Fl ro .Ar path .Ar density .Xc .It Cm assign Xo .Cm flop Ns Op Cm 01 .Op Fl ro .Ar path .Ar density .Xc Assign the file .Ar path to be used as either the next available floppy or to the specified floppy. If .Fl ro is specified the floppy will be read only. The .Ar density may be one of: .sp .Bl -tag -compact -width 1440x .It 180 9 head 40 track single sided floppy .It 360 9 head 40 track double sided floppy .It 720 9 head 80 track double sided floppy .It 1200 15 head 80 track double sided floppy .It 1440 18 head 80 track double sided floppy .It 2880 36 head 80 track double sided floppy .El .\" .\" .\" .It Cm assign Xo .Op Cm C-Z : .Op Fl ro .Ar path .Op Ar type | cyl head sec .Op Ar fdisk_tab .Xc .It Cm assign Xo .Cm hard Ns Op Cm 01 .Op Fl ro .Ar path .Op Ar type | cyl head sec .Op Ar fdisk_tab .Xc Assign the file .Ar path to be used as either the next available hard disk or to the specified hard disk. A disk's geometry can either be directly specified with .Ar cyl being the number of cylinders, .Ar head the number of heads and .Ar sec the number of sectors per track, or it can be one of the standard types specified by .Ar type (see below). The option .Ar fdisk_tab argument specifies file to use as the first sector of this disk. This can be useful for inserting a false fdisk table when .Ar path only refers to part of a disk. .\" .\" .\" .It Cm assign Xo .Cm com Ns Op Cm 1-4 : .Ar path .Ar port .Ar irq .Xc Assign the tty or pty specified by .Ar path to be used as the specified com port. It's base address will be emulated at .Ar port at interrupt specified by .Ar irq . This code is lightly tested and may not suit all needs. .\" .\" .\" .It Cm portmap Xo .Ar port .Op Ar count .Xc Map the requested io .Ar port (with optional range up to to .Ar port+count Ns No -1 ) to the real hardware I/O port(s). This will likely require root privs to access them. .\" .\" .\" .It Cm "setver command version" Cause doscmd, when emulating DOS, to report .Cm version as the version number of DOS when called from the program named .Cm command . The format of .Cm version is the same as of the .Cm MS_VERSION variable described below. .El .Pp If not already assigned, .Cm C: will be assigned to the root directory (/) and the current directory for .Cm C: will be set to the actual current directory. Note that this means that invocations such as: .sp doscmd ../foo .sp will not work as the .Cm C: directory will start with the current path. Also, the following environment variables will be defined if not already defined: .nf .Cm "COMSPEC=C:\eCOMMAND.COM .Cm "PATH=C:\e .Cm "PROMPT=DOS> .fi The .Cm PATH variable is also used to find .Ar cmd . Like DOS, first .Ar cmd.com will be looked for and then .Ar cmd.exe . .Sh "CONFIGURATION VARIABLES" .Pp There are several variables in the .Cm .doscmdrc file which are internal to doscmd and do not actually get inserted into the DOS environment. These are: .Bl -tag -width MS_VERSION .It Cm MS_VERSION The value of this variable is used to determine the version of DOS that should be reported by .Nm doscmd . Note that .Nm doscmd will not change the way it works, just the way it reports. By default this value is .Cm 410 , which corresponds to .Nm "MS DOS version .Nm 4.1 . To change it to version 3.2 (the default in previous versions of .Nm doscmd ) use the value of .Cm 320 . .El .Sh FILE TRANSLATION .Nm Doscmd translates .Nm BSD/OS file names into .Nm DOS file names by converting to all upper case and eliminating any invalid character. It does not make any attempt to convert ASCII files into the .Cm format favored in the DOS world. Use .Xr fconv 1 (part of the ports collection) or similar tools to convert ASCII files. .bp .Sh DISK TYPES .TS H expand, box; r | r | r | r | r. Type Cylinders Heads Sectors Size = 01 306 4 17 10MB 02 615 4 17 20MB 03 615 6 17 30MB 04 940 8 17 62MB 05 940 6 17 46MB _ 06 615 4 17 20MB 07 462 8 17 30MB 08 733 5 17 30MB 09 900 15 17 112MB 10 820 3 17 20MB _ 11 855 5 17 35MB 12 855 7 17 49MB 13 306 8 17 20MB 14 733 7 17 42MB 15 976 15 17 121MB _ 16 612 4 17 20MB 17 977 5 17 40MB 18 977 7 17 56MB 19 1024 7 17 59MB 20 733 5 17 30MB _ 21 733 7 17 42MB 22 733 5 17 30MB 23 306 4 17 10MB 24 925 7 17 53MB 25 925 9 17 69MB _ 26 754 7 17 43MB 27 754 11 17 68MB 28 699 7 17 40MB 29 823 10 17 68MB 30 918 7 17 53MB _ 31 1024 11 17 93MB 32 1024 15 17 127MB 33 1024 5 17 42MB 34 612 2 17 10MB 35 1024 9 17 76MB _ 36 1024 8 17 68MB 37 615 8 17 40MB 38 987 3 17 24MB 39 987 7 17 57MB 40 820 6 17 40MB _ 41 977 5 17 40MB 42 981 5 17 40MB 43 830 7 17 48MB 44 830 10 17 68MB 45 917 15 17 114MB _ 46 1224 15 17 152MB .TE .bp .Sh INSTALLING DOS ON A PSEUDO DISK .Pp To install DOS on a pseudo hard disk under doscmd, do the following: .Bl -tag -width XXXX .It 1 Create a .Pa .doscmdrc with at least the following: .Bd -literal -offset indent assign A: /dev/fd0.1440 1440 assign A: /dev/fd0.720 720 assign hard boot_drive 80 2 2 .Ed .Pp You may need to adjust the raw files for the A: drive to match your system. This example will cause the HD drive to be tried first and the DD drive second. .Pp Note that you should only use raw devices or files at this point, do not use a cooked device! (Well, it would probably be okay for a hard disk, but certainly not the floppy) .Pp .Li boot_drive should be the file name of where you want your bootable image to be. The three numbers which follow .Li 80 2 2 say that the drive will have 80 cylinders, 2 heads and 2 sectors per track. This is the smallest drive possible which still can have MS DOS 5.0 installed on it along with a .Pa config.sys and .Pa autoexec.bat file. .Pp You might want to create a larger boot drive. .Pp The file .Pa boot_drive must exist, so use the command touch to create it. .It 2 Insert a floppy disk into the A: drive which is bootable to MS-DOS and has the commands fdisk, format and sys on it. You should also copy the file redir.com onto the floppy by either mounting it with the msdos file system type or by using mtools (e.g., .Li mwrite redir.com a: ). .It 3 run doscmd. .It 4 At the > prompt type .Li fdisk . .It 5 Select .Li Create DOS partition or Logical Drive . .It 6 Select .Li Create Primary DOS Partition . .It 7 Tell it how big to make it (Typically the whole drive. It is pretty tiny after all.) .It 8 Get out of FDISK by hitting .Li a few times. .It 9 doscmd may abort, if it does, start up doscmd again. .It 10 At the > prompt, type .Li format c: and follow the instructions. .It 11 At the > prompt type .Li sys c: . .It 12 Get out of doscmd. .It 13 Either remove the floppy from the drive or add the line .Bd -literal -offset indent boot C: .Ed to your .Pa .doscmdrc . .It 14 You should now be running DOS off of your new disk. You will probably want both config.sys and an autoexec.bat file. To start with, you can say: .Bd -literal -offset indent > copy con: config.sys LASTDRIVE=Z ^Z > copy con: autoexec.bat @echo off redir.com ^Z .Ed .It 15 Quit doscmd. .It 16 You know have a bootable pseudo disk which will automatically call the magic .Li redir program, which installs FreeBSD disks. To use them add lines to your .doscmdrc such as: .Bd -literal -offset indent assign D: /usr/dos assign P: -ro /usr/prb .Ed Note that you will not always be able to access every file due to naming problems. .El .Sh DIAGNOSTICS .Pp If .Nm doscmd encounters an interrupt which is unimplemented, it will print a message such as: .sp Unknown interrupt 21 function 99 .sp and exit. .Pp If .Nm emits the message .Ic X11 support not compiled in when supplied the .Fl x switch, this support can be added by defining an environment variable .Ev X11BASE which points to the installed X Window System (normally .Pa /usr/X11R6 ) and then typing .Ic make install in the source directory (normally .Pa /usr/src/usr.bin/doscmd ). For this to work, the X programmer's kit must have been installed. .Sh AUTHORS .An Pace Willisson , .An Paul Borman .Sh HISTORY The .Nm doscmd program first appeared in BSD/386.