/*- * Copyright (c) 1986, 1988, 1991, 1993 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software * without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. * * @(#)subr_prf.c 8.3 (Berkeley) 1/21/94 */ #include __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$"); #include "opt_ddb.h" #include "opt_printf.h" #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef DDB #include #endif /* * Note that stdarg.h and the ANSI style va_start macro is used for both * ANSI and traditional C compilers. */ #include #define TOCONS 0x01 #define TOTTY 0x02 #define TOLOG 0x04 /* Max number conversion buffer length: a u_quad_t in base 2, plus NUL byte. */ #define MAXNBUF (sizeof(intmax_t) * NBBY + 1) struct putchar_arg { int flags; int pri; struct tty *tty; char *p_bufr; size_t n_bufr; char *p_next; size_t remain; }; struct snprintf_arg { char *str; size_t remain; }; extern int log_open; static void msglogchar(int c, int pri); static void putchar(int ch, void *arg); static char *ksprintn(char *nbuf, uintmax_t num, int base, int *len, int upper); static void snprintf_func(int ch, void *arg); static int msgbufmapped; /* Set when safe to use msgbuf */ int msgbuftrigger; static int log_console_output = 1; TUNABLE_INT("kern.log_console_output", &log_console_output); SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, log_console_output, CTLFLAG_RW, &log_console_output, 0, "Duplicate console output to the syslog."); static int always_console_output = 0; TUNABLE_INT("kern.always_console_output", &always_console_output); SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, always_console_output, CTLFLAG_RW, &always_console_output, 0, "Always output to console despite TIOCCONS."); /* * Warn that a system table is full. */ void tablefull(const char *tab) { log(LOG_ERR, "%s: table is full\n", tab); } /* * Uprintf prints to the controlling terminal for the current process. */ int uprintf(const char *fmt, ...) { struct thread *td = curthread; struct proc *p = td->td_proc; va_list ap; struct putchar_arg pca; int retval; if (td == NULL || TD_IS_IDLETHREAD(td)) return (0); sx_slock(&proctree_lock); p = td->td_proc; PROC_LOCK(p); if ((p->p_flag & P_CONTROLT) == 0) { PROC_UNLOCK(p); retval = 0; goto out; } SESS_LOCK(p->p_session); pca.tty = p->p_session->s_ttyp; SESS_UNLOCK(p->p_session); PROC_UNLOCK(p); if (pca.tty == NULL) { retval = 0; goto out; } pca.flags = TOTTY; va_start(ap, fmt); tty_lock(pca.tty); retval = kvprintf(fmt, putchar, &pca, 10, ap); tty_unlock(pca.tty); va_end(ap); out: sx_sunlock(&proctree_lock); return (retval); } /* * tprintf prints on the controlling terminal associated with the given * session, possibly to the log as well. */ void tprintf(struct proc *p, int pri, const char *fmt, ...) { struct tty *tp = NULL; int flags = 0; va_list ap; struct putchar_arg pca; struct session *sess = NULL; sx_slock(&proctree_lock); if (pri != -1) flags |= TOLOG; if (p != NULL) { PROC_LOCK(p); if (p->p_flag & P_CONTROLT && p->p_session->s_ttyvp) { sess = p->p_session; sess_hold(sess); PROC_UNLOCK(p); tp = sess->s_ttyp; if (tp != NULL && tty_checkoutq(tp)) flags |= TOTTY; else tp = NULL; } else PROC_UNLOCK(p); } pca.pri = pri; pca.tty = tp; pca.flags = flags; va_start(ap, fmt); if (pca.tty != NULL) tty_lock(pca.tty); kvprintf(fmt, putchar, &pca, 10, ap); if (pca.tty != NULL) tty_unlock(pca.tty); va_end(ap); if (sess != NULL) sess_release(sess); msgbuftrigger = 1; sx_sunlock(&proctree_lock); } /* * Ttyprintf displays a message on a tty; it should be used only by * the tty driver, or anything that knows the underlying tty will not * be revoke(2)'d away. Other callers should use tprintf. */ int ttyprintf(struct tty *tp, const char *fmt, ...) { va_list ap; struct putchar_arg pca; int retval; va_start(ap, fmt); pca.tty = tp; pca.flags = TOTTY; retval = kvprintf(fmt, putchar, &pca, 10, ap); va_end(ap); return (retval); } /* * Log writes to the log buffer, and guarantees not to sleep (so can be * called by interrupt routines). If there is no process reading the * log yet, it writes to the console also. */ void log(int level, const char *fmt, ...) { va_list ap; struct putchar_arg pca; pca.tty = NULL; pca.pri = level; pca.flags = log_open ? TOLOG : TOCONS; pca.p_bufr = NULL; va_start(ap, fmt); kvprintf(fmt, putchar, &pca, 10, ap); va_end(ap); msgbuftrigger = 1; } #define CONSCHUNK 128 void log_console(struct uio *uio) { int c, i, error, nl; char *consbuffer; int pri; if (!log_console_output) return; pri = LOG_INFO | LOG_CONSOLE; uio = cloneuio(uio); consbuffer = malloc(CONSCHUNK, M_TEMP, M_WAITOK); nl = 0; while (uio->uio_resid > 0) { c = imin(uio->uio_resid, CONSCHUNK); error = uiomove(consbuffer, c, uio); if (error != 0) break; for (i = 0; i < c; i++) { msglogchar(consbuffer[i], pri); if (consbuffer[i] == '\n') nl = 1; else nl = 0; } } if (!nl) msglogchar('\n', pri); msgbuftrigger = 1; free(uio, M_IOV); free(consbuffer, M_TEMP); return; } int printf(const char *fmt, ...) { va_list ap; struct putchar_arg pca; int retval; #ifdef PRINTF_BUFR_SIZE char bufr[PRINTF_BUFR_SIZE]; #endif va_start(ap, fmt); pca.tty = NULL; pca.flags = TOCONS | TOLOG; pca.pri = -1; #ifdef PRINTF_BUFR_SIZE pca.p_bufr = bufr; pca.p_next = pca.p_bufr; pca.n_bufr = sizeof(bufr); pca.remain = sizeof(bufr); *pca.p_next = '\0'; #else /* Don't buffer console output. */ pca.p_bufr = NULL; #endif retval = kvprintf(fmt, putchar, &pca, 10, ap); va_end(ap); #ifdef PRINTF_BUFR_SIZE /* Write any buffered console output: */ if (*pca.p_bufr != '\0') cnputs(pca.p_bufr); #endif if (!panicstr) msgbuftrigger = 1; return (retval); } int vprintf(const char *fmt, va_list ap) { struct putchar_arg pca; int retval; #ifdef PRINTF_BUFR_SIZE char bufr[PRINTF_BUFR_SIZE]; #endif pca.tty = NULL; pca.flags = TOCONS | TOLOG; pca.pri = -1; #ifdef PRINTF_BUFR_SIZE pca.p_bufr = bufr; pca.p_next = pca.p_bufr; pca.n_bufr = sizeof(bufr); pca.remain = sizeof(bufr); *pca.p_next = '\0'; #else /* Don't buffer console output. */ pca.p_bufr = NULL; #endif retval = kvprintf(fmt, putchar, &pca, 10, ap); #ifdef PRINTF_BUFR_SIZE /* Write any buffered console output: */ if (*pca.p_bufr != '\0') cnputs(pca.p_bufr); #endif if (!panicstr) msgbuftrigger = 1; return (retval); } static void putcons(int c, struct putchar_arg *ap) { /* Check if no console output buffer was provided. */ if (ap->p_bufr == NULL) /* Output direct to the console. */ cnputc(c); else { /* Buffer the character: */ if (c == '\n') { *ap->p_next++ = '\r'; ap->remain--; } *ap->p_next++ = c; ap->remain--; /* Always leave the buffer zero terminated. */ *ap->p_next = '\0'; /* Check if the buffer needs to be flushed. */ if (ap->remain < 3 || c == '\n') { cnputs(ap->p_bufr); ap->p_next = ap->p_bufr; ap->remain = ap->n_bufr; *ap->p_next = '\0'; } } } /* * Print a character on console or users terminal. If destination is * the console then the last bunch of characters are saved in msgbuf for * inspection later. */ static void putchar(int c, void *arg) { struct putchar_arg *ap = (struct putchar_arg*) arg; struct tty *tp = ap->tty; int flags = ap->flags; /* Don't use the tty code after a panic or while in ddb. */ if (kdb_active) { if (c != '\0') cnputc(c); } else if (panicstr || ((flags & TOCONS) && constty == NULL)) { if (c != '\0') putcons(c, ap); } else { if ((flags & TOTTY) && tp != NULL) tty_putchar(tp, c); if (flags & TOCONS) { if (constty != NULL) msgbuf_addchar(&consmsgbuf, c); if (always_console_output && c != '\0') putcons(c, ap); } } if ((flags & TOLOG)) msglogchar(c, ap->pri); } /* * Scaled down version of sprintf(3). */ int sprintf(char *buf, const char *cfmt, ...) { int retval; va_list ap; va_start(ap, cfmt); retval = kvprintf(cfmt, NULL, (void *)buf, 10, ap); buf[retval] = '\0'; va_end(ap); return (retval); } /* * Scaled down version of vsprintf(3). */ int vsprintf(char *buf, const char *cfmt, va_list ap) { int retval; retval = kvprintf(cfmt, NULL, (void *)buf, 10, ap); buf[retval] = '\0'; return (retval); } /* * Scaled down version of snprintf(3). */ int snprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, ...) { int retval; va_list ap; va_start(ap, format); retval = vsnprintf(str, size, format, ap); va_end(ap); return(retval); } /* * Scaled down version of vsnprintf(3). */ int vsnprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, va_list ap) { struct snprintf_arg info; int retval; info.str = str; info.remain = size; retval = kvprintf(format, snprintf_func, &info, 10, ap); if (info.remain >= 1) *info.str++ = '\0'; return (retval); } /* * Kernel version which takes radix argument vsnprintf(3). */ int vsnrprintf(char *str, size_t size, int radix, const char *format, va_list ap) { struct snprintf_arg info; int retval; info.str = str; info.remain = size; retval = kvprintf(format, snprintf_func, &info, radix, ap); if (info.remain >= 1) *info.str++ = '\0'; return (retval); } static void snprintf_func(int ch, void *arg) { struct snprintf_arg *const info = arg; if (info->remain >= 2) { *info->str++ = ch; info->remain--; } } /* * Put a NUL-terminated ASCII number (base <= 36) in a buffer in reverse * order; return an optional length and a pointer to the last character * written in the buffer (i.e., the first character of the string). * The buffer pointed to by `nbuf' must have length >= MAXNBUF. */ static char * ksprintn(char *nbuf, uintmax_t num, int base, int *lenp, int upper) { char *p, c; p = nbuf; *p = '\0'; do { c = hex2ascii(num % base); *++p = upper ? toupper(c) : c; } while (num /= base); if (lenp) *lenp = p - nbuf; return (p); } /* * Scaled down version of printf(3). * * Two additional formats: * * The format %b is supported to decode error registers. * Its usage is: * * printf("reg=%b\n", regval, "*"); * * where is the output base expressed as a control character, e.g. * \10 gives octal; \20 gives hex. Each arg is a sequence of characters, * the first of which gives the bit number to be inspected (origin 1), and * the next characters (up to a control character, i.e. a character <= 32), * give the name of the register. Thus: * * kvprintf("reg=%b\n", 3, "\10\2BITTWO\1BITONE\n"); * * would produce output: * * reg=3 * * XXX: %D -- Hexdump, takes pointer and separator string: * ("%6D", ptr, ":") -> XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX * ("%*D", len, ptr, " " -> XX XX XX XX ... */ int kvprintf(char const *fmt, void (*func)(int, void*), void *arg, int radix, va_list ap) { #define PCHAR(c) {int cc=(c); if (func) (*func)(cc,arg); else *d++ = cc; retval++; } char nbuf[MAXNBUF]; char *d; const char *p, *percent, *q; u_char *up; int ch, n; uintmax_t num; int base, lflag, qflag, tmp, width, ladjust, sharpflag, neg, sign, dot; int cflag, hflag, jflag, tflag, zflag; int dwidth, upper; char padc; int stop = 0, retval = 0; num = 0; if (!func) d = (char *) arg; else d = NULL; if (fmt == NULL) fmt = "(fmt null)\n"; if (radix < 2 || radix > 36) radix = 10; for (;;) { padc = ' '; width = 0; while ((ch = (u_char)*fmt++) != '%' || stop) { if (ch == '\0') return (retval); PCHAR(ch); } percent = fmt - 1; qflag = 0; lflag = 0; ladjust = 0; sharpflag = 0; neg = 0; sign = 0; dot = 0; dwidth = 0; upper = 0; cflag = 0; hflag = 0; jflag = 0; tflag = 0; zflag = 0; reswitch: switch (ch = (u_char)*fmt++) { case '.': dot = 1; goto reswitch; case '#': sharpflag = 1; goto reswitch; case '+': sign = 1; goto reswitch; case '-': ladjust = 1; goto reswitch; case '%': PCHAR(ch); break; case '*': if (!dot) { width = va_arg(ap, int); if (width < 0) { ladjust = !ladjust; width = -width; } } else { dwidth = va_arg(ap, int); } goto reswitch; case '0': if (!dot) { padc = '0'; goto reswitch; } case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': for (n = 0;; ++fmt) { n = n * 10 + ch - '0'; ch = *fmt; if (ch < '0' || ch > '9') break; } if (dot) dwidth = n; else width = n; goto reswitch; case 'b': num = (u_int)va_arg(ap, int); p = va_arg(ap, char *); for (q = ksprintn(nbuf, num, *p++, NULL, 0); *q;) PCHAR(*q--); if (num == 0) break; for (tmp = 0; *p;) { n = *p++; if (num & (1 << (n - 1))) { PCHAR(tmp ? ',' : '<'); for (; (n = *p) > ' '; ++p) PCHAR(n); tmp = 1; } else for (; *p > ' '; ++p) continue; } if (tmp) PCHAR('>'); break; case 'c': PCHAR(va_arg(ap, int)); break; case 'D': up = va_arg(ap, u_char *); p = va_arg(ap, char *); if (!width) width = 16; while(width--) { PCHAR(hex2ascii(*up >> 4)); PCHAR(hex2ascii(*up & 0x0f)); up++; if (width) for (q=p;*q;q++) PCHAR(*q); } break; case 'd': case 'i': base = 10; sign = 1; goto handle_sign; case 'h': if (hflag) { hflag = 0; cflag = 1; } else hflag = 1; goto reswitch; case 'j': jflag = 1; goto reswitch; case 'l': if (lflag) { lflag = 0; qflag = 1; } else lflag = 1; goto reswitch; case 'n': if (jflag) *(va_arg(ap, intmax_t *)) = retval; else if (qflag) *(va_arg(ap, quad_t *)) = retval; else if (lflag) *(va_arg(ap, long *)) = retval; else if (zflag) *(va_arg(ap, size_t *)) = retval; else if (hflag) *(va_arg(ap, short *)) = retval; else if (cflag) *(va_arg(ap, char *)) = retval; else *(va_arg(ap, int *)) = retval; break; case 'o': base = 8; goto handle_nosign; case 'p': base = 16; sharpflag = (width == 0); sign = 0; num = (uintptr_t)va_arg(ap, void *); goto number; case 'q': qflag = 1; goto reswitch; case 'r': base = radix; if (sign) goto handle_sign; goto handle_nosign; case 's': p = va_arg(ap, char *); if (p == NULL) p = "(null)"; if (!dot) n = strlen (p); else for (n = 0; n < dwidth && p[n]; n++) continue; width -= n; if (!ladjust && width > 0) while (width--) PCHAR(padc); while (n--) PCHAR(*p++); if (ladjust && width > 0) while (width--) PCHAR(padc); break; case 't': tflag = 1; goto reswitch; case 'u': base = 10; goto handle_nosign; case 'X': upper = 1; case 'x': base = 16; goto handle_nosign; case 'y': base = 16; sign = 1; goto handle_sign; case 'z': zflag = 1; goto reswitch; handle_nosign: sign = 0; if (jflag) num = va_arg(ap, uintmax_t); else if (qflag) num = va_arg(ap, u_quad_t); else if (tflag) num = va_arg(ap, ptrdiff_t); else if (lflag) num = va_arg(ap, u_long); else if (zflag) num = va_arg(ap, size_t); else if (hflag) num = (u_short)va_arg(ap, int); else if (cflag) num = (u_char)va_arg(ap, int); else num = va_arg(ap, u_int); goto number; handle_sign: if (jflag) num = va_arg(ap, intmax_t); else if (qflag) num = va_arg(ap, quad_t); else if (tflag) num = va_arg(ap, ptrdiff_t); else if (lflag) num = va_arg(ap, long); else if (zflag) num = va_arg(ap, size_t); else if (hflag) num = (short)va_arg(ap, int); else if (cflag) num = (char)va_arg(ap, int); else num = va_arg(ap, int); number: if (sign && (intmax_t)num < 0) { neg = 1; num = -(intmax_t)num; } p = ksprintn(nbuf, num, base, &tmp, upper); if (sharpflag && num != 0) { if (base == 8) tmp++; else if (base == 16) tmp += 2; } if (neg) tmp++; if (!ladjust && padc != '0' && width && (width -= tmp) > 0) while (width--) PCHAR(padc); if (neg) PCHAR('-'); if (sharpflag && num != 0) { if (base == 8) { PCHAR('0'); } else if (base == 16) { PCHAR('0'); PCHAR('x'); } } if (!ladjust && width && (width -= tmp) > 0) while (width--) PCHAR(padc); while (*p) PCHAR(*p--); if (ladjust && width && (width -= tmp) > 0) while (width--) PCHAR(padc); break; default: while (percent < fmt) PCHAR(*percent++); /* * Since we ignore an formatting argument it is no * longer safe to obey the remaining formatting * arguments as the arguments will no longer match * the format specs. */ stop = 1; break; } } #undef PCHAR } /* * Put character in log buffer with a particular priority. */ static void msglogchar(int c, int pri) { static int lastpri = -1; static int dangling; char nbuf[MAXNBUF]; char *p; if (!msgbufmapped) return; if (c == '\0' || c == '\r') return; if (pri != -1 && pri != lastpri) { if (dangling) { msgbuf_addchar(msgbufp, '\n'); dangling = 0; } msgbuf_addchar(msgbufp, '<'); for (p = ksprintn(nbuf, (uintmax_t)pri, 10, NULL, 0); *p;) msgbuf_addchar(msgbufp, *p--); msgbuf_addchar(msgbufp, '>'); lastpri = pri; } msgbuf_addchar(msgbufp, c); if (c == '\n') { dangling = 0; lastpri = -1; } else { dangling = 1; } } void msgbufinit(void *ptr, int size) { char *cp; static struct msgbuf *oldp = NULL; size -= sizeof(*msgbufp); cp = (char *)ptr; msgbufp = (struct msgbuf *)(cp + size); msgbuf_reinit(msgbufp, cp, size); if (msgbufmapped && oldp != msgbufp) msgbuf_copy(oldp, msgbufp); msgbufmapped = 1; oldp = msgbufp; } static int unprivileged_read_msgbuf = 1; SYSCTL_INT(_security_bsd, OID_AUTO, unprivileged_read_msgbuf, CTLFLAG_RW, &unprivileged_read_msgbuf, 0, "Unprivileged processes may read the kernel message buffer"); /* Sysctls for accessing/clearing the msgbuf */ static int sysctl_kern_msgbuf(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS) { char buf[128]; u_int seq; int error, len; if (!unprivileged_read_msgbuf) { error = priv_check(req->td, PRIV_MSGBUF); if (error) return (error); } /* Read the whole buffer, one chunk at a time. */ msgbuf_peekbytes(msgbufp, NULL, 0, &seq); while ((len = msgbuf_peekbytes(msgbufp, buf, sizeof(buf), &seq)) > 0) { error = sysctl_handle_opaque(oidp, buf, len, req); if (error) return (error); } return (0); } SYSCTL_PROC(_kern, OID_AUTO, msgbuf, CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RD, 0, 0, sysctl_kern_msgbuf, "A", "Contents of kernel message buffer"); static int msgbuf_clearflag; static int sysctl_kern_msgbuf_clear(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS) { int error; error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, oidp->oid_arg1, oidp->oid_arg2, req); if (!error && req->newptr) { msgbuf_clear(msgbufp); msgbuf_clearflag = 0; } return (error); } SYSCTL_PROC(_kern, OID_AUTO, msgbuf_clear, CTLTYPE_INT | CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_SECURE, &msgbuf_clearflag, 0, sysctl_kern_msgbuf_clear, "I", "Clear kernel message buffer"); #ifdef DDB DB_SHOW_COMMAND(msgbuf, db_show_msgbuf) { int i, j; if (!msgbufmapped) { db_printf("msgbuf not mapped yet\n"); return; } db_printf("msgbufp = %p\n", msgbufp); db_printf("magic = %x, size = %d, r= %u, w = %u, ptr = %p, cksum= %u\n", msgbufp->msg_magic, msgbufp->msg_size, msgbufp->msg_rseq, msgbufp->msg_wseq, msgbufp->msg_ptr, msgbufp->msg_cksum); for (i = 0; i < msgbufp->msg_size && !db_pager_quit; i++) { j = MSGBUF_SEQ_TO_POS(msgbufp, i + msgbufp->msg_rseq); db_printf("%c", msgbufp->msg_ptr[j]); } db_printf("\n"); } #endif /* DDB */ void hexdump(const void *ptr, int length, const char *hdr, int flags) { int i, j, k; int cols; const unsigned char *cp; char delim; if ((flags & HD_DELIM_MASK) != 0) delim = (flags & HD_DELIM_MASK) >> 8; else delim = ' '; if ((flags & HD_COLUMN_MASK) != 0) cols = flags & HD_COLUMN_MASK; else cols = 16; cp = ptr; for (i = 0; i < length; i+= cols) { if (hdr != NULL) printf("%s", hdr); if ((flags & HD_OMIT_COUNT) == 0) printf("%04x ", i); if ((flags & HD_OMIT_HEX) == 0) { for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) { k = i + j; if (k < length) printf("%c%02x", delim, cp[k]); else printf(" "); } } if ((flags & HD_OMIT_CHARS) == 0) { printf(" |"); for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) { k = i + j; if (k >= length) printf(" "); else if (cp[k] >= ' ' && cp[k] <= '~') printf("%c", cp[k]); else printf("."); } printf("|"); } printf("\n"); } }